Projects Management

2- Planning Phase

Eng. Ahmad Said ١

 References ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ‬

(IPMA‫ﻣﺣﺎﺿرات ﻟﻠدﻛﺗور ﻋﺎدل ﺟوده )دورة‬ .١

Project Management in construction Sidney M. levy .٢
PMBOK .٣
PMP Exam. Preparation Rita Mulcahy .٤
Wiley – Project management a system approach .٥
PMP ‫ﻣﮭﻧدس ﻣﺣﻣد ﺣﻼوه ﻣﺣﺎﺿرات اﻋداد ﻟـ‬ .٦

Eng. Ahmad Said ٢

 Planning Techniques

1. Bar Charts (Gantt) & Linked Bar Charts.

2. Network analysis
I. Activity On Arrow (AOA)
II. Activity On Node (AON)
3. Line Of Balance for repetitive construction
work.

Eng. Ahmad Said ٣

Extra Knowledge:

Eng. Ahmad Said ٤

Bar Charts (Gantt) & Linked Bar Charts.
 Easiest to understand
 Widely used form of planning tool.
 Even when the more sophisticated techniques like
network analysis are used the final schedule of
work is usually represented in Bar chart form.

Eng. Ahmad Said ٥

Network analysis/CPM procedure
 Construction Time Control is difficult,
Time-consuming and hard management
function.
 PM work within an extremely complex
and shifting time frame so they need
management tool enable them to
◦ Manipulating
 large number of job activities
 Complicated sequential relationships
◦ In simple?! and understandable fashion?!

Eng. Ahmad Said ٦

 Network analysis/CPM procedure
 The Critical Path Method (CPM) is just such an
expedient ‫ وﺳﯾﻠﮫ‬and constitutes the basis for
the ensuing ‫ اﺗﺑﺎع‬treatment of project Time
Control.
 CPM are based on graphical model called
Network.
 The diagram of this type is simple and effective.
 CPM is three-phases procedure
1. Planning
2. Scheduling
3. Time Monitoring

Eng. Ahmad Said ٧

Network analysis/CPM procedure
 Planning construction operations involves
the determination of
◦ What must be done?
◦ How it is to be performed?
◦ The sequential order in which it will be carried
out.
 Scheduling determines Calendar dates for
the start and completion of project
component.
 Time Control is the process of comparing
actual job progress with the programmed
schedule.
Eng. Ahmad Said ٨
 Network analysis/CPM procedure
Developing Network model
 Planning may be said to consist of three
steps.
1. Determination of the job steps or
activities.(Define activities)
2. Sequencing relationships among these
activities.(Order activities)
3. Put planning information in the form of
network.(Draw network)
Job logic= The order in which the activities must be accomplished in the field.
Eng. Ahmad Said ٩
Network analysis/CPM procedure
Developing Network model

 Scheduling is a project time table of activities that will serve

as the principal guideline for project execution.

4. Assign Duration to activities.

5. Assign Resources and Costs.
6. Calculate Early and late start-finish
times.
7. Schedule Activities start-finish times.

Eng. Ahmad Said ١٠

Suggested guidelines for use In WBS
1. By area of responsibilities.(General/Sub
Contractors If it should be separated).
2. By category of work. (By Craft , Crew or
Equipment requirements).
3. By category of work materials.
4. By Location.
5. By structural elements.
6. With regard to owner’s breakdown.
7. With regard to contractor’s breakdown.

Eng. Ahmad Said ١١

Net work analysis introduction
What is the net work analysis?
 Is a generic term for a family of related techniques developed
to aid management to plane and control projects.
What are activities and events?
 Activity
◦ this is a task or job which takes time and resources.
◦ Represented in a network by an arrow.
◦ The head of the arrow indicate the task ends
◦ The tail indicate where the task begin.
◦ The arrow points from left to right.
◦ Not drown to scale.
 Events
◦ This is a point in time and indicates the start or finish of
an activity or activities.
◦ Represented in network by circle or node.
Eng. Ahmad Said ١٢
Net work analysis introduction
 Dummy Activity
◦ An activity which has no time and resource.
◦ Used only to show clear, logical dependencies
between activities.
◦ Represented by dotted arrow.

Eng. Ahmad Said ١٣

 Net work analysis introduction
What are the basic rules for drawing networks?
 A complete network should have
1. One point of entry-start event
2. Only one point of exit-finish event
3. Every activity must have
1. One preceding or Tail event.
2. One succeeding or Head event.
3. Many activities may use the same Tail event and many may use
the same Head event.

Head Events

Tail Event Tail Events Head Event

Eng. Ahmad Said ١٤

Net work analysis introduction
What are the basic rules for drawing networks?
4. Activity must not share the same Tail event and
head events with any other activities.

5. No activity can start until its Tail event is

reached.
6. An event is not complete until all activities
leading into it are complete.
7. Loops not allowed

Eng. Ahmad Said ١٥

Net work analysis introduction
What are the basic rules for drawing networks?
4. All Activities must be tied into the network.

Activity ‫ﻣﻌﻠق‬Dangling

5. All data represented as follow.

1. Activity name shortened description or alphabetic or
numeric code.
2. Identification by the tail and head events number 1-2 etc.
Activity Name
i j
Activity Duration
Node Node

i-j = Notation
Eng. Ahmad Said ١٦
Net work analysis introduction
What are the basic rules for drawing networks?
4. Do that
A C

B D

5. Do not do that

A C

B D

Eng. Ahmad Said ١٧

Net work analysis introduction
What are the basic rules for drawing networks?
6. Special Cases
A. B depend on H,N
B. C depend on N
R H B

N
C

C. Q depend on B,C

C
Q

B
Eng. Ahmad Said ١٨
Net work analysis introduction
What are the basic rules for drawing networks?
6. Special Cases
D. N depend on B
E. Z depend on C
F. R depend on B,C

R
Close Network

Eng. Ahmad Said ١٩

Solved Examples
1. Draw the network for the following problem.
Activity Preceding Activity
1 -
2,3,4 1
5 2
6 3
7 5
8 6
9 7,8
10 3
11 4
12 9,10,11

2. Draw the network in 1 except that activity 8 is

preceded by 6,2
Eng. Ahmad Said ٢٠
 Solved Examples
Second level
Part 2 of this
Activities which
example
depend on 1
And so on
5 7
c f g
Start with no
dependency
Activity 2 9
8

1 3 6 10 12
a b d g i j

4 11

e
Eng. Ahmad Said ٢١
Solved Examples

1. A building contractor is trying to plan

construction activities for custom home. The
sequence of activities, precedence
relationships, and time durations are given in
the table. Construct the appropriate
CPM/Pert diagram for the sequence of
activities using
1. Activity on arc.
2. Activity on node.

Eng. Ahmad Said ٢٢

 Solved Examples
Activity Description Immediate Time
predecessors duration
Put level of (days)
a Start dependency - 0

b Excavate and pour footings a 4

1
c Pour concrete foundation 2 b 2

d Erect wooden frame, including rough roof 3 c 4

e Lay brickwork 5 d 6

f Install basement drains and plumbing 3 c 1

g Pour basement floor 4 f 2

h Install rough plumbing 4 f 3

I Install rough wiring 5 d 2

j Install heating and ventilating 6 d,g 4

k Fasten plaster board and plaster ( including 7 i,j,h 10

drying) Eng. Ahmad Said ٢٣
 Solved Examples
Activity Description Immediate Time
predecessors duration
(days)
l Lay finish flooring 8 k 3
m Install kitchen fixtures l 1
n Install finish plumbing l 2
o Finish carpentry l 3
p Finish roofing and flashing 9 e 2
q Fasten gutters and downspouts p 1
r Lay storm drains for rains water 3 c 1
s Sand and varnish flooring o,t 2
t Paint m,n 3
u Finish electrical work t 1
v Finish grading q,r 2
w Pour walks and complete landscape v 5
x finish x,u,w 0
Eng. Ahmad Said ٢٤
Solved Examples
1. AOA

Eng. Ahmad Said ٢٥

Solved Examples
1. AON
◦ This the main shape of Node

TF/FF

◦ Relation line Straight.

◦ Inclined not allowed

Eng. Ahmad Said ٢٦

Knowledge: Relationships types

Eng. Ahmad Said ٢٧

Knowledge: Lags

Eng. Ahmad Said ٢٨

Solved Examples
1. AON (Precedence Diagram /Pert chart)

Eng. Ahmad Said ٢٩

Extra Knowledge:

Eng. Ahmad Said ٣٠

Extra Knowledge:

Eng. Ahmad Said ٣١

Extra Knowledge:

Eng. Ahmad Said ٣٢

Extra Knowledge:

Eng. Ahmad Said ٣٣

Extra Knowledge:

Eng. Ahmad Said ٣٤