Approved For Release Michael Persinger, pnp, Laurentian University, Suadury, Ontario, Canada, ang Stanley Kriopner, pnp, Saybrook Institute, San Francisco; California, Usa, Introduction peeeye Mitdlent svete butative t Plepathic~clairvoyane (T°) experiences concerning reported sy sie 1989) that spontaneous exper tences nave occurred when tne epee vetyieee eee calmer) than the gee co wees oo Tower than means of the wm REMLY Volues. tg Seetded to study wether ee eel esr co ex2eF imental enperiences as welt, Te exoeriments in rc eee eM ott erent nants (969) OPRErVatiOns, in hig PREM AELE orachice, oF og eMSiDe anemaloug Sommunication apoearing in the content oF some oreaug SHents, Utiman decides INOW Ke Whethny this éhenomeron 20 apoear : Mder controlles coneitiong Marles Honoree 85) Princeton, out in the Dreaw canons Y OF Hasmonsans sun 2 01-0 : 108, -00792R0004000300 d For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-00 ApprovesRrocwivn, where Ullwan served as director of the Commmity Mental Heaith the typical proceoure followed at Maimonides was for the perc: tent tor qubsect) to arrive at tné Laboratory in tine €0 meet the agent — a person who would spend much of the night focusing uoon the contents of an art orint, nercioient’s tas was to dream about this art print ever though it would The selectes once the sercipient was isclated from the agent. The ercipient ould also meet the two exoerimenters who would explain the procedures. (Dn a fen cecasions, the art print was selectrd randomly, was not removed from the ed envelope, and no agent was usec. The percipient was simaly instructed atsenst dreawing about the art orint.) fitter electroses were attached to the percipient’s head for manitorino of brain waves ano eve ucvements, the percioient would have the further contact with the anent ati) the following morning. Ar experimenter crew dice that, in combination with a random number table, provided a number that corresaonded te one or a sealed envelope containing an art print. The envelope was opened once the arent reached his or her arivate room in a ouetant part of the building, This art print became the target on which vent focused curing the course of the might (Ullman & Krippner, 1978). the the experinenters took turns monitoring the percioient’s sleep. Taward the end cf pach neriod of rapic eye movement (REM, the persipient awavened by av exoerimenter via intercom and described any dream content that could be recalled. These comments were tape recorded as was a worning interview in which the perciovent associated to his or her dream recall. interview was conducted douple blind; neither the percinient ror 460 Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000400030001-0 The the: CIA-RDI Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RI The target for a given night and the dreams for the nicnt often contained S number of striking similarities, Suvgesting that an anomaly (so-cali “telepathy” on *clairvoyance*) eecurned. For exampie, 23 May 1986 tne Farget was a orint of a zebra painted by an unknown Indian artist, The percipient dreamed about a “hor Be tore caret ara Ded tie, « But it could have been the case that any transcript of @ night's Sreans have contained passages of Striking similarity to any oictyre to whicn they slant have been compared (chiia, 1985), To evaluate the chance hyeothesis, the maimonides tean eoteined judgments Of Similarity between the daa fentent and each of the other potertiat fargets in the pool from which the actua) target nad beer ly selected, Typically, three Judges were uses WhO worked Hite are Snceomncentiy fr 2 eae Other with materials that had peen Rented to tn@0. They nae no intonuation *Pout Which picture had been eee eatrachance Gfference between targets and no “targets in them sieilarity to ear Sentent was considered an apparent ae ee ee %Y the judzes were dualicates that nad nevan Deen handied by the anents, Sitnoush percipients sometimes Swaluatec therr own creams apaiegt the Get 0001 (eerore Shey discovered the identity of fe actual target), ang “lthourn some Superiments required the juices tq rate target sonean LTBI Se5 om» 100-a0%nt Staley the only form in anion data ame avai tase or a . VFO aay *#8510nS is a count of Judges’ a1ts ard misses. \ 7 the actual tarot 20 O00 ranted in the = nper halt of the target aool te, 461 ° -00792R000400030001-0 Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-00792 PPee ooel of six) for similarity to the dreams and post-sleep interview, the outcome was consicereo a hit. If the actual target had been ranked an the ower nalf of the ool Cergey W4y #5, MG in a cool of Six), the outcome way Gonsiderec amiss. The median score of the three judges was selected to cetermne nits and misses, For tne curscses of thie study, the ranks were divided inte four categories, A “hioy nit* would of a rank in the top ouartile (e.g, #1 on #2 In a oco1 oF eight; #1 in a pool of six), @ “low hit” would be a rank in the second cuartile (e.c., #3 or #4 in a pool of eight; #2 or #3 in a pool of Si. A "high mss" soutd"be a rank in the third quartile (e.g., #5 or #6 in 2 9001 of ergnty #4 or H5 in a 000) of sin); a "low miss” would be a rank in the fourts quartile (#7 of #8 in a coll of eights #6 in a pool of six). The first night’ eact subject enent at the Maimonides Laboratory was utilized and the other nights were discarded. This yielded 62 experimental nights avi 18 “high nits," 29 "low hits," 7 “high able for analysis misses," ard 6 "low misses." The 62 cases represent an almost total collection of subsects seen betwen ‘962 and 1969 at Maimonides. Procedure It was Geciges to vse nenmaonetic activity as measured by the AA index. Sortnern nemisohere AA values were collected for the 3 days before, the day ?f, and the 3 cays after the day that each subject bepan the dream exoeriment. These AR values were determined from Mayaud's (1973) data and Conseouent monthly uodates. Mean montnly values were also listed. Subjects (cases) were coded according to gender and to the closeness of their dreams? 462 Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000400030001-07 ' 100030001-0 ° a Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-00792R00041 Sorrespondence to the target (i. . miss" or HM: “low miss” or LM). In other words, these four groups reoresente, . Judges? ranks of SUCCESSIVE order from Strongest “nits” to strongest az “misses. © : e activity within this Period tends to be cor, related, particularly wita 8 Giver days before or afterwards are not Statistically Significant. The two mae natal respectively), additional analyses were completed with these two grouse nigh Combined, otal © origina AA valuas as square root transformations secause the Latter were not as extreme as the loc uodificationa, a Fontrases were completed using correlstec t-tests tor ea ‘Mrevendent t-tests (between groups on a civen day) to cetermine the source of MY factor by repeated neasure interact, 463 x g 0001-0 proved For Releasé 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-00792R00040003Correlated t-tests with p values set at 9 (01 (to reduce the effect of multiple € orovabilsties) were completed for each group for the AA values of each of the 7 days during the exoeriment ari the AB average For the nonth in woicn tne experience “cccurred. The latter analyses were completed to determine the absolute activity of the days of the experience compared to the typical monthly values rather chan restricting the analyses to the relative oifferences between the key day and the days before and afterwards. All analyses were completed using SPSSX software on a DEC2020 computer. Results WANOVA for ali 62 subjects according to the three major groups (HH, Ly Lr olus HM), gender, and the seven repeated measures (key days plus/minus 3 Gays) of geowagnetic activity (AA vaiues) dewonstrated no significant group or nercer interactions. However, there was a significant (F=2.53, df=12, p=.003) interaction betwen grouas and the gecuagnetic activity over days for the log base transformed AA values (Figure 1), There was also a nearly significant caily difference ( 36, 9.03). There were neither gender by day der by group by day interactions, The group by day interaction was Significant (p=.01) for the absolute fA values as well. Six of the experimental days involved the testing of tuo subjects rather tnan one. To Getermine if this slight modification in procedure may have altered the geowagnetic contribution ta the pei effect, additional analyses were completed on those days (cases) where only one subyect was tested. The basic results are shown in Figure & There was no appreciable change in the geomagnetic temaoral oattern and the significant day by group interactions were not affectes. Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : cia-KiSp96-00792R000400030001-0: -RDP96-00 Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDI When all four groups weme analyzed in a similar desion, the same basi, TESUIS were noted, There were ne Stans Ficant main erect Ci ffererces vetueer the four groups of between Senders. Again, there was a StomiFicant oroup py SAY8 interactions (F=2, 20, 4F°18) 324, 0.009) and a between days ci fference Removing the second main (mor-repeated) Factun of Four SPOMOS Ghd not change the effect, day effects (Fa3.76, utag, 349, P=.001) an, 903) interaction. The basic MESIES ore oresented in Figure 3 Fests Showed that the TY near-sionificant ditten Between days for the four grouog eccurr den 3 days baron On this cay, the geonacnetic activity wes higher ¢F: Tieding was'confirmed by Duncan's analysis 5). Commelated “IMM Brous comparisons (et AF 07.01) demonstrated that exDeriments for Group 1 (H) were ouieter than gay {73.04 dF917). The night oF the exnerience (ning mas sion t scanty Sueter than the average of the Month 4.85, 8217, om. 051), Baby the sey SY (882.82) and the days 1 ee ee cuieter tn, the nontn, correlates t-tests Indicated thar only day —3 (2.80) was Slonificantiy quieter than the wontily averaoes. there were MOFicant ai Fterences eee oe YS beFSHE om afteruands The third porous cm) Gemorstrated an unusual Dattern, the Mromennetic activity OP day ~3 was higher (é=4.a1) fran tne monthly averaog (97-78) avd pus 2 (493.71) vere deme than 1AM wontinty overages, In sdeition, day Ohus 1 was stoniticantly lower 465 : 1-0 -00792R00040003000" d For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-007! Approves(9.80) than day ~3. Finally, for group four (Li), there ware no significant ferences oetween geonagnetic activity between any of the days. Combining groups three and four (fais), no statistically significance differences were Found oetween the geomagnetic activity on any of the days. However, activity on days pius 1 (t=3.71, df=14), plus 2 (t=22.87), and plus 3 (t=2.75) were lower than for montniy averages. Discussion The results of the HH grous in this study are basically similar to the Veshaned sattern in pecmagnetic activity that has been observed during soontaneous T-C experiences (e,9.. Persinger & Schaut, 1986). However, the HY group in the Maimonides data did show a temporal pattern that was similar to that of the aroup that oenonstrates the strongest usi effect. Because the third cay vefore tne key day demonstrated such elevated geomagnetic activity an the HM group, we suspect that the apparent V-shape is misleading and that magnetic storms nad deen in orogress. Our -hyoothesis was confirmed as can be Analyses of the geomagnetic activity for the Hm group Anoicated tnat day ~3 (tnree days before the key day) displayed significantly ereater geomagnetic activity. than the monthly average, This pattern is strongly reminiscent of geomagnetic storns. On the other hand, the HH croup, the one that showed the greatest psi, demonstrated a pattern where there was no pre-experience elevation in seonapnetic activity compared to monthly values. Instead, there was a sudden decrease in ceomagnetic activity; this activity was significantly lower than for the month of for tne days before or afterwards. This latter pattern and hot the pattern displayed by the HM group is more typical of orofiles than 466 Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000400030001-0Produce oiebal Various types of monitoring devices are used, rang Sommisticated. It will come ag ee eeu toe eo leant Freuentiy there .s Hy geomagnetic act Lity mont tar: Various stations, dat the SBPecially those 1000 4: lonetenn on fant. The a values are derived from a Tovarithmic process that omits sf the data creer to derive averages, Nevertheless, this aoorsacn does FEPVE EE ounges of determining the existence « Flectromannet ic stonns, The best index for the stuay of Anemeious behavior oF ‘aporarcry, sudyects would be one based an erated receeet srr ac zacent the laboratory itseir, GPtswally, these rendinos ean) 1 ayer) AS Melationshin to solar ang gare fectet cone fa Plectrons yn effects e, 7 Fadtation), ana miotonica cveles oF the subecce studied, TF stanificant data ane SEED obtained under thane Potential mechanisms involved can be studies, Storms wid the absence of wiect ns, oF nights oF telenathy-clairvoyance UME’ wean that cme ng Wmironwent atrects fhe subsect's receotivitys OF a8 erece=sc8i stamns (ertere with the “transmission” of the "Sigrat* in sone aay? theme so ne ln Ve evidence fhat geomagnetic activity exerts cereceasie attects eeu, Gonclon as thers Bretiminary asta collecter » % Becker Recker 4 1985) suggests Pelationshin between acmins (AtrS on mere Pitas ang magnetic sterws (oo, 23°27), trevefare, any sit ao.0 2006/08/11 : CIA-RDP96.00792R000400030001 Release : Approved Forcorrelation vetween AA values arid anomalous laboratory behavior would be of interest not oniy to narapsychologists but to many other researchers as well, - References Becker. f.0.. & Seloen. 6 (1985). Electromagnetism an of Life. New Yor Wh Lisam Morven. child, |. (1985). Psychoicoy and anomalous observations: The question af ESE in creams. American Esycheloarst, 40, 1219-1230. 4973). A hundred year series of geomagnetic data 1868-1967. 195A Bulletin, No. 33. persinger, “. A, & Schaut, B. B, (1986), Manuscript submitted to the Research. t Fersinger. ™. A. (1985), Subjective televathic euceriences, yeomagnetic activity ans the ELF hyoothesis. Part ‘I. Data analyses. A Researcn. 4 (1). 42th Ullman, & Mrisoner, S. (2978). Experimental dream studies. In M. Ebon (Ea), The § 4: pandboc« of garapsychology (np. 409-422). New York: Now American Library. Uliman, M. (1969). Telepathy end creams. Experimental Medicine ane 19-38. Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : cia-RDP$6-00792R000400030001-0