Behaviorism is a worldview that operates on a principles of stimulus-respons.

All behavior caused

by external stimuli. All behavior can be explained without the need to consider internal mental
states or consciousness.
Contributors
Wa-John Watson
Pa-Ivan Pavlov
Ski-B.F. Skinner
Tho-E.L. Thorndike
Ba-Albert Bandura

Classical Conditioning
-a reflexive or automatic type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a
response that was originally evoked by another stimulus.
-Ivan Pavlov & John Watson

What is the difference between operant conditioning and classical conditioning? In operant
conditioning, a voluntary response is then followed by a reinforcing stimulus. In this way, the
voluntary response (e g) studying for an exam is more likely to be done by the individual. In
contrast, classical conditioning is when a stimulus automatically triggers an involuntary response.

Operant conditioning can be described as a process that attempts to modify behavior through the
use of positive and negative reinforcement. Through operant conditioning, an individual makes an
assoication between a particular behavior and a consequence.

Example 1: Parents rewarding a child's excellent grades with candy or some other prize.
Example 2: A school teachers awards points to those students who are the most calm and well-
behaved. Students eventually realize when they voluntarily become quiet and behave, that they
earn more points.

The term "operant conditioning" originated by the behaviorist Skinner, who believed that one
should focus on the external, observable causes of behavior.
Reinforcement comes in two forms: positive and negative.

Positive- when unfavorable events or outcomes are given in order to weaken the response that
follows
Negative-when an favorable events or outcome is removed after the undesired behavior occurs.

Bandura's Social Learning Theory posits that people learn fron one another, via observation,
imitation, and modeling. The theory has often called a bridge between behaviorist and cognitive
learning theories because it encompasses attention, memory, and motivation.