Minimum resolving power of a Telescope to distinguish two close obj a large tance, (1) Mereury vapour lamp § (2) Spectrometer | whose telescope is an optical bench (3) Spectrometer HT (without collimator) (4) Two single slits able width (5) a double slit D (6) a plane mirror M_(7) Diffraction grainy G (8) Convex lens L of focal length — 200 em (9) Travelling microscope. (10) Appropriate Mounts for slits, mirror and convex lens 2. Theor, \ telescope T can resolve two objects (at infinite distance) only if their angular Separation 0 at I lens follows the condition 02 12D ay D iis the aperture of the T lens and 2 is the wavelength of the light emanated by the objects, From eq.(1) we can write (D/L22) > 1/0 (2) he. the minimum angular separation which a T lens can resolve depends upon its aperture anc therefore D/1.227. is defined as the resolving power of the lens. Thus. to resolve two fixed objects (at infinity) the minimum aperture of the T lens must be given by Dyn. = 1.22 2/0. then VO-= Dyuw/1.22% = Ron G) PRECAUTIONS 1 Do not disturb the focussing screws of the collimators and the telescope which are already focussed for parallel rays. 2. The heights of collimators C and the telescope T, diffraction grating, double slit and the plane mirror should be adjusted at equal levels from the Table 3. While measuring ihe angular separation '@" by spectrometer or slit width ‘D’ by travelling microsc: pe the sense of rotation of the fine screw should not be reversed when the cross wite iy moved fiom initial to the final position 4 The circular scale attached with the fine screw of Sp. should be used in the md sion of its knife edge 5. The position of Sp.1i should be so adjusted that its collimator (not to be used in this experiment) docs not interfere the path of the rays from the diffraction grating to its telescopei _—_— Z cog, Ie Munim requued resolving power for the F Jens used to 4 Mmealar separation Oo at mfinity The aun Measiements of b, alse two objects ; Joutate Roo. trough ty aiits ay well as O:and compare these two Now see Hie 1 carefully and compare i with the experimental set up. tn this eXPCHIMEAT Avo. Openings of a doubgle slit are treated as two close objects and they are to be fall tesolved by a telescope 1 of the spectrometer Hl Even if 6 1s the order of few es Ce the two objects ate at distance from I lens and very close to cach other). the value af Dyaq comes oul to be of the order of a nm only, In practice, it is not Possible to make a tens of such a small aperture. ‘Therefore to evaluate Rigo We h introduce a Sit of vanable width just in front of th may be treated as th G80 shits (double the slit F lens so that the opening of this shit effective aperture of T lens, Its width is decreased till the tnages of slit) observed through ‘T become just indistinguishable. The opening of a this situation gives the minimum aperture of the T lens required to resolve two slits and its width can be determined with the help of a traveling microscope 3. Design of the Experimental setup: Light from the mercury lamp passes through a collimator C and then diffracted by a diffraction grating G (to be mounted on the prism table just in front of C) which forms first and second order spectra over both the sides of the incident heam. In fact, both C and the prism table are parts of the spectrometer (Sp) | whose telescope has been removed and replaced by an approximately | meter long arm {called optical bench) which can be rotated by loosening the turn table screw of Sp. | Double slit D and the mirror M are to be mounted on the stands which can be slided over the optical bench The optical bench is to be adjusted in the direction of the first order spectrum formed oy the grating so that the double slit should be illuminated by it The light emanated by the double slit is first reflected by the mirror M almost in the backward direction and then observed by the telescope T of Sp. II through a convex lens of focal length~ 200 cm. This lens is mounted in place of the prism table of Sp Il This arvaagement not only makes it possible to achieve a large distance of the telescope T from D but also facilitates the handling of the diffraction grating as well as the double slit awhile observing the images of the D through the telescope. If the double slit is adjusted ai a distance equal to the focal length of this lens it would virtually be at infinity from the telescope. The angular separation 0 between the rays apparently coming from two virtual slits (images of the double slit) must be equal to the angle subtended by the real slits at the pole of the lens (see Fig. 2). This angle can be directly measured through the spectrometer 4. Procedure: 4a. Ulumination of the double slit and alignment of various components: (J) Do not mount the double slit initially, Place the diffraction grating “G> on the spectrometer [table in front of the already focussed collimator neatly at normal incidencea / az / and adjust its heiy beam and these Q) levelin nt. First order spectra will he formed over both sides of the meident n be checked by introduemg a plain paper in front of the grating, Rotate the optical bench to fix it in the direction of the LHS spectrum. Adjust the Of grating Gand the collimator C_so that the height of the spectrum formed at - the plane mirror Mis almost equal to the height of G from the table. Vary the height of M to adjust the spectrum in its mid region G) Now readjust the direction of the optical bench *O” slightly to receive the yellow colour of the LHS. Spectrum at the center of the mirror *M* (4) Sp. it should be positioned near the turntable of Sp.1 so as to receive reflected light from the mirtor almost in the backward direction (see Fig. 1). Care should be taken that the distance of the center of the Sp. from D via plane mirror should be 175-200 em Now rotate the plane of the mirror so that the reflected yellow beam exactly passes through the centre of the turntable of Sp. IL (5) Rotate telescope T to receive the reflected yellow beam and if the adjustment of the mirror (i.e. its direction and leveling) is correct then you will observe a bright yellow patch through its eye piece. Mount the double slit at ‘D” in such a way that it is properly illuminated 4b. Focussing of the double slit: (1) Mount the convex lens of focal Iength ~ 200 cm at *L’. You will observe blurred yellow images of two slits in the telescope. Move the stand D to and fro to focus image of the double slit. At this position the double slit is at the focal point of lens *L’ (2) Now rotate the grating table of Sp. | and simultaneously observe through the telescope. You would observe the double slit successively illuminated by various colours of the spectrum, Rotate back the grating table to original position 4c. Measurement of @ and Dyin? (1) First measure the least count of the circular scale attached with the fine screw of the telescope of Sp. Il. For this purpose observe the change in the tumtable reading for one complete rotation of the attached circular scale. Repeat this reading three times, them in Table 1 (2) The angular separation *0° of two slits should be measured by successively adjusting the cross wire on their images and recording the corresponding readings of the ercular scale in Table-I1. (3) Introduce the rectangular single slit just in front of the telescope lens "T and observe the image of the double slit through the eyepiece. Decrease the width of the single slit slowly till the images of two slits are just indistinguishable. Remove this sin! “slié and keep 1 carefully so that its width does not change (4) Rotate We grating table G ull the colowr of the double slit images becomes violet or blue. Mount the second slit in front of telescope lens ‘T’ and repeat step 3 of dc ~ (5) Measure the widths of the slits from the travelling microscope inter6 Observations Table tached eneular scale Least count o! weaficr one Difference S No. tmnal turn tale teadi ‘able - HH Angular separation of the two slits ©. Telescope atthe “Telescope at the Angular separation of Ist slit Ind slit of two slits “0° ‘Table - 1 . Travelling microscope reading for the measurements of slit widths | SNo Yellow Right edge [Width D/1,222, = Dw/1.22 A= 6 Results: Wavelength Resolving power from Daun, Resolving power from 1/0 Yellow ° Violet From Table-Ill we conclude that a lens of larger aperture should be used if the wavelength emanated from the two objects (10 be resolved by the telescope) is larger Hence resolving power of a lens decreases with wavelength