CCI Echocardiography Practice

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1. Acute AI is hypercontractile because Chronic AI is failure 20. Does venous return increase or Increase
we shift up the Starling curve when we drop off decrease with inspiration?
the end
21. Dos Inderal (beta blocker) increase No, decreases HR
2. Amyloid and sarcoid are what type of Restrictive SAM? reduces SAM with
cardiac abnormalities? excercise
3. Amyloid LAX- PV inflow will have _____ Low 22. dP/dt measurement of mitral LV systolic
systolic velocity regurgitation assesses what? dysfunction
4. Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Normal etiology 23. During which phase do the coronaries early diastole
(AHCM) (genetic) fill?
Typical spectral
24. Echo finding for preload vs. afterload... Preload=
Doppler finding
dilatation
(flow acceleration
Afterload=
in mid LV)
hypertrophy
5. At what temperature is it unsafe to 40-45C
25. Endocardial cushion defects (AV Down syndrome
use a TEE probe?
septal) are associated with: or trisomy 21
6. Autografts means using pts
26. flow variation in tamponade can get a a. unstable
own tissue
false positive if: sample volume
7. Beck's Triad? 3 options: a. elevated venous b. COPD
pressure c. pleural effusion
b. Hypotension
27. Frank-Sterling Law Increased
c. Quiet Heart
volume=
8. Best view to demonstran an ASD? Subcostal 4ch increased
contractility
9. Blood follows the path of less Squatting, shunt
RUBBER BAND
resistance. _____ reverses the ______.
THEORY
10. Calculate the RVSP in a patient with VSD jet= 5m/sec
28. From where do the coronaries In the L and R
5m/sec VSD jet and BP of 130/80 SBP= 130mmHg
originate? aortic sinus of
(beware of distractors like RA
Valsalva
pressure!)
29. Given a TR velocity of 4.0m/sec what is 70mmHg
11. Chaga's disease (Dilated CM)? posterior and
the RVSP?
apical thinning
septum usually 30. "Ground glass" appearance is related infiltrative
normal to... (pg. 123) myocarditis
12. Coanda Effect- Define. Wall hugging effect 31. Hemochromatosis is... excess iron
13. Color Doppler in ischemic disease can VSD 32. Hepatic venous flow reveral indicates Severe
be good for? _______ TR.
14. The coronary arteries come off of Sinus of Valsalva 33. How many beats to see contrast on 1-2 beats for an
the.. the L side in a patient with an ASD? ASD. 3-5 beats for
(with a pulmonary shunt ) a Pulm. shunt
15. Decreased 'a' wave means.. PHTN
34. A huge, dilated PA, severe TR and RV Pulmonary
16. Definition of Ischemia Lack of oxygen
enlargement best describes: Hypertension
17. Dobutamine provides all the following Myocardial
35. If a large PDA is not corrected what Eisenmenger
except responses EXCEPT increasing: perfusion
might develop? Syndrome
18. Does a PDA (patent ductus arteriosus) yes (when shunt L-
increase LV preload? R)
19. does the wall of a pseudoaneurysm No, it's a rupture
contain endocardium? across both endo
and myocardium
36. If a pt has a normal MV inflow but Pulm pseudonormal 49. Know the echo signs of -Multi chamber enlargement
veins showed a decreased S-wave and congestive cardiomyopathies: -Globally impaired LV
D-wave, consider that they might have contractility
a ___________ pattern. -B-Notch on MV M-Mode
(increased LVEDP)
37. If you see an anechoic dropout of the Look in the
-Thrombus may be present
interatrial septum in the aprical 4ch subcostal 4ch
view what should you do? view 50. Know what P wave, P-R P wave- atrial systole
interval, T wave represents P-R interval- includes P-R
38. Inlet location subvalvular low
segment (from atrial to
near the mitral
ventricular depolarization)
and tricuspid
QRS complex- ventricular
valves
diastole (repolarization)
39. In Marfan syndrome, why does aortic Connective tissue
51. LA Myxoma are usually interatrial septum
dissection and MVP occue? disorder
attached where
40. __________ is the most common benign Rhabdomyoma
52. LAP= systolic BP- MR gradient
tumor in children (slow growing)
53. LVOT obstruction cuases the close in mid systole
41. ______ is the rate of rise of LV pressure? dP/dt
aortic valve to...
42. Know about Marfan's syndrome.. define Congenital
54. The majority of ventricular first third of diastole
connective tissue
filling occurs during...
disease causing
aortic dilatation of 55. Mitral valve velocity during Increases
MVP inspiration increases or
decreases?
43. Know Ehlers-Danlos. Another like Marfan's pts,
connecative tissue disorder you look for MVP 56. The most common benign Papillary fibroelastoma
dilated Ao tumor on the aortic valve is:
dissection
57. The most common location Inferior basal- NOT apical
44. Know frequency for TEE probes versus TTE probes are for speudoaneurysm is..
TTE usually higher 5-
58. The most sensitive way to Respiratory variation
7MGz, while TTE
diagnose cardiac tamponade
probes are 2-
is:
7MHz
59. Myxoma Benign tumor (most
45. Know libman-sachs= Lupus and
common in adults)
Marantic
endocarditis 60. Name the tricuspid leaflets Posterior and Anterior

46. Know post-transplant 2-D Double atria 61. Name the vessels coming off Innominate (proximal), left
appearance.. the arch and the most carotid, and the left
proximal or distal. subclavian (distal)
47. Know pressure waveforms for MR (late ...
systolic jump in LA pressure) pg. 97 62. Pannus host tissue overgrowth

48. Know TEE views by esophageal level 4ch- 0 degrees 63. Partial anomalous pulmonary Sinus Venosus
(know mid esophageal- ME and 2ch- 90 degrees venous return is seen in with
transgastric) and degrees. LAX- 120 degrees what type of ASD?
64. Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Failure of the fetal ductus 80. The Venturi Effect Hypertrophic
arteriosus (between the can be associated
pulmonary artery and with which
descending aorta) to close cardiomyopathy?
after birth.
81. What are all the Dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive,
65. A patient has a RVSP of Coanda effect? cardiomyopathies? ischemic
60mmHg. One year later
82. What cardiac Pulmonary Hypertension
the RVSP is 30mmHg. What
condition would
happened to the pt?
prevent diastolic
66. Patients in tamponade Lay flat right ventricular
cannot _________ collapse?
67. A pericardial effusion can Renal Failure 83. What cardiac Coarctation of the aorta
often be seen in patients pathology is an
with... associated with
bicuspid aortic
68. Pericardial Effusion Grading Small: posterior fluid <1cm
valve?
Criteria: Small? Med? Med: anterior and posterior
Large? <1cm 84. What cardiac Coarctation of the Aorta
Large: surrounding the heart pathology is
>1cm associated with
bicuspid aortic
69. Pts with a history of IV drug Tricuspid endocarditis
valves?
abuse may present with...
85. What congenital Ebstein's anomaly
70. Pulmonary venous systolic Severe MR
abnormality has a
flow reversal is..
displaced TV?
71. Ratio for assessing 1.3:1
86. What do you look Coronoary Artery Aneurysms
asymmetric hypertrophy.
for in a pt with (R and L coronary artery aneurysms
72. A restrictive CM has which Decreased LV compliance Kawasaki Disease? might be called "mickey mouse ears")
of the following?
87. What information Movement of other walls
73. The save of contraction Inside to outside. Look at the do you need pre-
(depolarization) moves purkinje fibers above. op in a patient
from the endocardium to with LV aneurysm?
the epicardium.
88. What is meant by When the right coronary gives rise to
74. Severe Ao aneurysms are 5.0cm "right dominance"? the "posterior descending artery" (85%
greater than: of the time)
75. St. Jude is a __________ valve Bi-leaflet 89. What is Pulmonary hypertention by M-Mode
76. Supracristal location is: Subpulmonic region represented with
a decreased "a"
77. Symptoms mimic mitral Myxoma
wave and a flying
stenosis
W?
78. To visualize the coronary Posterior
90. What is the That period when a muscle cell is not
sinus in the apical 4
absolute excitable- from phase 1 into phase 3;
chamber view you should
refractory state? the 'relative refractory period' is during
tilt the transducer..
phase 3 and the muscle cell might
79. A typical ejection fraction -15-25% contract if the stimulus is strong.
in a dilated MC pt might be
91. What is the IVS Dyskinetic or paradoxical
(for a HCM pt )
motion in a
patient with LBBB?
92. What is the most common Aneurysm formation 110. Where should contrast be injected Left arm
(mechanical) complication of an in order to diagnose a persistent
MI. left superior vena cava?
93. What is the most common type Secundum 111. Which Aortic leaflet is the superior Right Leaflet
of ASD? one in the PSLA
94. What is the normal duration for 0.10 sec 112. Which cardiac chamber is most RA
the QRS complex? likely involved with metastatic
tumors?
95. What is the standard echo view Apical 4ch
for contrast studies of an ASD? 113. Which cardiomyopathy is autosomal Hypertrophic
dominant?
96. What might be the first Pericardial effusion
indication of metastatic cardiac 114. Which coronaries supply the Right (also ususally
disease? interatrial septum? supplies the SA and
AV nodes)
97. What other pericardial Constrictive pericarditis
abnormality also causes 115. Which coronary artery feeds the Right coronary artery
impaired ventriular filling? inferoseptal wall?
98. What part of the heart is most RV (most anterior) 116. Which drug is used in Nuclear Stress Thallium
likely to be affected by cardiac Test?
contusion?
117. Which is the best view to diagnose Modified subcostal
99. What portion of the pulmonary A wave a sinus venoses ASD? four chamber
venous PW Doppler represents
118. Which is the following is NOT a TET ASD
atrial systole?
defect?
100. What type of CM might you see Dilated CM a. Large
in a pt with AIDS? b. Pulmonic stenosis
c. RVH
101. What type of MI causes a inferior MI
d. ASD
muscle rupture?
119. Which is the most common type of perimembraneous
102. What would be a Unstable angina
VSD?
containdication to performing a
stress test on an athlete with 120. Which occurs first in the setting of Dilated RV
chest pain? severe mitral regurgitation due to a
flail leaflet?
103. Where are most fibroelastoma Heart valves, mostly
found? mitral and aortic (frond- 121. Which of the following is used in Mitral regurgitation
like) echo to measure dP/dt?
104. Where are the pulmonary veins Rights and left superior 122. Which of the following terms refers Hypokinesis
loca? Which ones are seen in (upper) pulmonary veins to a decrease in wall motion?
this view?
123. Which study does not allows for the CXR
105. Where does the oblique sinus of Posterior to the LA in the calculations of ejection fraction?
the pericardium lie? PLAX view
124. Which triculspid leaflets are seen? Medial and anterior
106. Where do the most aortic After the take-off of the
125. Why is the SA node the primary The SA node has the
Coarctation occur? left subclavian artery, or
pacemaker? highest intrinsic rate
within the aortic isthmus
of any cardiac tissue.
107. Where is the chiari network RA
126. Your pt has PHTN with a dilated IVC 15mmHg
located?
(3cm) which collapsed 50% with
108. Where is the coronary sinus Posterior AV groove sniff. Estimated the RA pressure:
located?
109. Where is the LAA on TTE? PSAX Ao valve level