Purpose of

statistical analysis

Exploring Testing
Summarizing
relationships significance of
univariate data
between variables differences

Descriptive
statistics Form of data Number of groups
(mean,
standard
deviation,
variance, etc)

One: mean
compared to Two Multiple
Frequencies Measurements
a specified
value

Number of Number of One-sample Independent Related Independent Related

variables variables t-test samples samples samples samples

One: compared to Multiple: effect One Multiple Repeated-

Two: tested for Two: degree of Form of
theoretical of 2+ predictors Form of data independent independent measures
association relationship data
distribution on a dependant variable variables ANOVA
variable

Chi-square
Chi-square test for Level of Multiple
goodness-of-fit Ordinal Interval Ordinal Interval
association measurement regression
test

Mann-Whitney Independent- One-way Multifactorial

U test samples t-test ANOVA ANOVA
Ordinal Interval

Pearson's Wilcoxon Paired-

Spearman's
correlation matched- samples
rho Source: Corston and Colman (2000)
cooeficient pairs test t-test

Figure 9. Choosing an appropriate statistical procedure

 One Freq, %,
DV Goodness-of-fit x²
Categorical or Ordinal
Freq, %,
Two Contingency table,
DVs Test of association. x²
Degree of Product-moment
relationship correlation r
Primary
Continuous
Type of interest
Dependent Form of Linear
Variable One IV LOM
relationship Regression
Number Spearman's rs
Relationships Ranks
of predictors
Multiple
Multiple
Regression
Independent-
samples
t test
Independent
Interval Type of
or Ratio question Mann-Whitney
U
Relation
Two between
groups
Paired-
samples
t test
Dependent
Number
Differences Wilcoxon One-way
of groups
ANOVA
One
Kruskal-
Independent Number of IVs Wallis

Relation Multiple
Multiple between Factorial
groups Repeated ANOVA
measures
ANOVA
Dependent

Adapted by James Neill, 2008, from: Howell, D. C. (2008). Fundamental statistics Friedman
for the behavioral sciences (6th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth (back inside cover).