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1 ,/MM83
{413−2) *U ,1 ."8

wd ' `7( ©;- J&
:13−2 J=E
.=72
8 83 *=3 > ; ¢ %,"M8 *M=C -

,QMMo 1 MM MM$ MMV ,/MM BMM
; , MUC k .M1 QMo lM M1
fo".MM MMe LMM QMMo lMM =MM
{414−2) *U ,. l p
.C+ i7 ' «+- !: J&
:14−2 J=E
-38-
8 83 *=3 > ; M , %,"M8 *M=C -
F$1 Qo <o&" − 4, :;) ,
.8 OC K5C H r1 ,,! 8 k .
%MMD MM" ¨MMc1 ,MM N5 MM+C w(MM$

$ ' 7- !: J&
:15−2 J=E {415−2) *U ,.8
_7 M 0 *M=3 > M; − M *M=C -

@&K 7" Qo <o&" − q !1
r cC R1 O1 K
k . F$1 -M
{416−2) *U ,

L7( ' - !: J&
:16−2 J=E
`7
a( 0 *=3 > ; [Qa Nj *M=C -

13 MMK <o&MM"$ MMV – *.MMK *MM,
% /M= 0 -,!Mc lM *M1 ¨Mc
EQ# W5 r"M1 PM K(M GM8 M+
' - |C" W;( !: J&
:17−2 J=E , w
N LM k .M M 1 MK
J%: J uE ,4 ]V .5) MK$ M ]MV
{417−2) *U
%MM MM 0 *MM=3 > MM; fMM *MM=C -

. *O Lb; KU -!a V t..
{418−2) *U ,fK l %
%C% !#" ' N:- !: J&

:18−2 J=E
V ,r .i * %V > ; MK$ *M=C -

- %V1 ¨c *M M"ª
l "; %D E /b ,B81 _ V :
{419−2) *U ,k . O
R% P J; ' )-:/- !: J&
:19−2 J=E
-39-
:+&2 −|
w51 <.I = G8 |¬ /"; D1M5 GM % M :+ (
% =1 {w7. $1 w"5@+ lM .M$ k1M
\

V1 8 8C
V :V @X wM M$ *(M bM8
420−2) *U {= e
V1 e
#$ ' +D- N: J=8 :20−2 J=E
%, = , > r! [ &C ,=3 M"K$
G8 |¬1 / 0 |11 b F G8 |¬1 /8 83 |1M ,,M=3 GM8 r M=1D %_ M M8
*F"8 ,=3 G8
V1 |1D = {b b FM M
|1 ," 5 ,9K1 ] 5Q > ; ¡!c FM M 5
-" 1 421−2) *U 4rD" ³5_) ¡.$ .V %D ¤ b
{r! [ XC % rD$ ´ V
*1 > ; , pK5 > ,=3 fKM$ M 1 QM#
|GA ' RU GL :21−2 J=E
F; R1 !" pK51 ¦ .M1 uM M51
+ -
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{X1
:
¦ +&2 T=E •
\
G8 / 0 |1 R1 ,, 8 83 ,=3 > c A1 ,=3 > M Mn M8 Mb;
: -8 " \A UC Qes$1 ,8 83 ,=3 ,""
,w" P! PQ ,=3
+SMM MM$ > MM; :` -& + & -
,_I -8 /" ,=3 ".8 $1
{422−2) *U
L7( ' `-( +( :22−2 J=E

MM MM$ > MM; :` ; + & -
B.MM -MM8 /MM" ,MM=3 MM
{423−2) *U ,
01
5+k ' MB `;u +( :23−2 J=E
-40-
M$ > M; : . E7" + & -
U -8 /M" ,M=3 MUV
{424−2) *U , _ C1
.E7$ +( :24−2 J=E
MM MM$ > MM; :.08 + & -

*.K *, -8 /" ,M=3 (M
{425−2) *U ,5 1
.08u +( :25−2 J=E
F $ > ; :. +& -

*U ,[0 -8 /"1 ,=3
{426−2)
.+ +( :26−2 J=E
MM MM$ > MM; : + & -

,5tMM -MM8 /MM" ,MM=3 MM5#
{427−2) *U
5G ' +( :27−2 J=E
-41-
:‫ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ ﻭﺯﻭﺍﺋﺪﻫﺎ‬3H2
:m>C 1−3−2
\
F,
R1 { @"e 5 L"¬ EQ# _1 , $ T (" G8 _ G8 G! r"M$
\
:G8 r"$ C 7 EQ# dVi cC \
!
{, P- 1C PK [I #1 :Tergum & −C
{, /! 1C . [I #1 :Sternum 6U −]
r@F1 , / I r r[MI Mh1 :Pleura
-C −|
@"P
> :28−2 J=E
m>C -" {428−2) *U { > tcA 5 =t
> : = *; l . $ ,"
13 ! V rb G8 *M; *M1
8 8 b b F N8 13 ! <,"$ pK5 >1 { -8 ] 5 1C [ (
( $ K5 " G8 K > ; e k ! Kc1 ;V G! © Q#1 ,4S0 5) ¡.M
{5 1 *.K , :*b8 ,=A
:m>C 0e 2−3−2

\
N. 1D / "ª ; f$ 1 ,V *; > 1 G8 =1D <K8 > WMI *Mn
;Q V >1 ,p N1 r$ / ; h1D ¡"
i V > Kc "1 8 b r "M M8C ,1¶3
\
1D ¡$ Q; {_ . 1D r" ;Kc " 1D A ¡$ A1 , &MC M8 b M M1D /M "ª
:G! !8 1 9
1 { i1 ;Q > %_ =$ /" = r1 r$ / %v K
:&# R7 −
" \A UC Qes" ,"$1 , i1 ;Q GM8 *M; > =M$ .M 1M GM8 |1D GM % M /M#
: -8 429−2) *U
{aF u V > ; " <U e %,"81 O -
{/83 +S > ; * .81 %F -
{_I > ; * .8 1 %F -
{¦ . > ; * .81 O -
{ > ; * .8 1 O -
{D7K %5 > ; 8 %,"8 -
-42-
&#/ R7
¦ :G :29−2 J=E
:&
k J6+/ bH −|
:x3 2 ' C W •
:/#430−2) *U 4N F) 1 G8 |1DC X@X G8 \=R r"$1
{8 b ! G8 |¬1 : . |1 -
{e |1 -
{Kc " ! G8 h@; |¬1 :PK |1 -
U 1 ] 5QM1 *M YMC > %_M=8 M1 ,+SM1 _MI > %_M=8 bM *Mc lM /M#1
*, aU1 5 > ; N. 1C e p N1 ,"$ M {M pMK5 >1 , MU 1
{*.K
-43-
x3 2 ' C W 30−2 J=E
:7BA ' L% •

p5 G8 |1D f@ 3 ,"$1 {
Kc " ! G8 rs(M 1M GM8 WM=1D GM8 r"M$
wb
1 G8 ¤ b |1 8C U > M; ,|1M" [ MXC ¡Mb3 lM pM > M;Q -K".M
{431−2) *U w$ ,81 :&
#$
B ' L% :31−2 J=E
Zpa‹“zÜÛ@òîÜ‚a‡Ûa@ñHèuþa@M@3
*($1 , L N75 f$ " %-=C l P"n -.= rC A % <7V a+ GM8 <M 5
: 8 %-=3 EQ#
/&H D -I -
|ei [ &C -
J " D -I -
P1 D -I -
/FK D -I -
c " D -I -
-44-
\ ; b; /83 +S %V > /FK1 J "1 /&H D -I M# BMc1
%-=3 EQ# h3
{ V G8
:‫ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﳍﻀﻤﻲ‬1H3
{| ," 5 L0 > /-"$1 ,< ," 5 C$ 5C G8 > &H % r"$
&H % 1 ,!c &H % 1 ,8 83 &H % :/# [M=C MX@X GM8 &MH % M :;tM$1
{432−2) *U 0
.=72
wd ' ;H !+ :32−2 J=E
:2 ;H !+ 1-1-3

fK w1 5 K _a t( d7 w
" F L G8 :;t$1 / *e 5 C$ /M" /M#1
Pb; I ® "8 ; > E15 " PQ 4· 5) K C [= P_$ & 5C M#1
&# %K5 + *F"$1 ,[Qa Gª > fo".$1 ,F !8 Nj *a($1 ,4+ 5) K *(
r cC c G8 8 "; !5 *e G8 G!8 rI c & a+ ; G % 4F ) ¡.$
\ 8 r ; R A L0 A ,5 ,[Qa % F; *K$ ; ,[Qa " "
{ ""
:>6 ;H !+ 2-1-3
rX T *F" F Le "« ,%F 5C G8 r"$ /"1 4%K) c" /K G % /M#1
{ F"8A1 <&H 5 3 :5 31 %K f$1 3 1 5 K$ 5C 1D
-45-
:-k ;H !+ 3-1-3
% r"$1 {£ |ei [ &C /#1 4/78 :5 C) ! :5 3 GM8 MK 5 % M EQM# CM$1
/# O "8 5C r" \ e N."$ ,=
\ %F 1 K
5MC /M#1 M [ MK83 GM8 M 0 &MH
-" 1 G8 _K5 %_18 c o "8 5C G % M# PQM1 <".M 5 rM *FM" {rM
{G! %e8 > N$ /" | ," 5 <". /-"1 ,D 5 "o [ F"8
:G:- Lu 4-1-3

/ = l F !8 > _a GM8 |1D GM % M
\ :;tM ·M
r" -5
*F"$ WFM
GM8 -M8 @M;
%F ;t(8 % > WM$a $ M *FM"$1 4%Ma % M )
% " r $ ,"$1 ".8 % 1R 4re) % *1
, -Kj *F"$1 {433−2) *MU ;t(M rM0
.=72
wd ' G:- Lu :33−2 J=E
s( *,"5 ] K C1 {/ L7"M > "M $1
K 8 _8 l Pn wC M; ,r"M5 WM$11 DM=
{f l dQa"$ /" > 7-8 _81 f 7"
:‫ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬2H3
:$ k! dV5 % <.= W7.;3 *"
= e ,"
O G M M"$ −C
, !8 > G!1 F = /M = lM
[H -O G *e 4. " abM 5) MK$
:5 3 G8 75 ," EQ# *F"$1 PI
"o <.I 7.MC WM5 Me_ YM "$ K
M
/MM-"$ EQMM#1 ,MMH FMM -MM MM!1
*e_ MH FM 5 MK$ M _ M "5
_ $ <"M MV ,434−2) *MU %M 7.MC
FMM1 FMM *MM$1 .MM " D MMa
1V _=1 *& 5 f1 l V" 8 MH
#$ ' ¬+/ e,( b& C :34−2 J=E { -" !5 > ";
# ; <.I = @e G8 W7.;3 *" EQ# >1 ,/F D -= H =M A M pMK5−]
\
{ e_ !" pK51 A8 %V >
-46-
ab1 <U 0 !c5 1C [ > 'K$ /" > ; ,
<U 0 O G " r M −|
{9K > ;
:‫ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﱯ‬3H3
G8 %". "o - 5 Xs"$ /" , [ &C W5 F$ c; > /FK D M-I *MK
{D"8 !5 4{{{_a1 @&K) 7". [ &3 W51 = 0 m
{4FK K) ¡. 8 8 @0 EQ# N7"$ ,F @e G8 > /FK D -I r"1
/F D -=1 P1 b. 1C P(V /F D -=1 P;8 /F D -= > /FK D M-I <.M1
{/,!c
:`B7 .C: e,( 1-3-3

:/# 435−2) *U f . C X@X <.1
® <.1 ,· k
7I ±
> N1 {BC P- PK ; G % M M# : −C
:[=C X@X
{!.1 ; W3 PQa$ ] FC w8 |¬ :.2
{ K("cA r1 PQa$ ] FC w8 |¬ :.>6
{-I %K =1 K ( PQa$ ] FC w8 |¬ :.-k
-&K5 N8 %,"8 @X G8 r"$1 ,BC /! PK ; /# :07 ¦ C: ! : −]
{l . (1 l .1 K ] FC -8 |¬1
K !.$1 ,G!1 F Y > =$ FK K G8 ` G % :.+>C .C : JC $ −|
{! @& l !."
! K 8C ,,=31 *=3 ;V l F
#$ ' .C: e,( :35−2 J=E
-47-
:`3C;% `8$ .C: e,( 2-3-3
,8 83 &H % PQa$ ] FC w8 |¬1 ,8 83 &MH % M kM
NM1 %v M8 ® M5 *FM"
{:1 !c1
:.>% .C: e,( 3-3-3

B . K( ] F3 EQ# OC "1 ,% <.I = > %"8 F @e GM8 r"M
{<.I !c l _=
-48-
?#$ ' %(

& r −1
c#$ ' §^% U {7 −2
W -/K =E 7B ,,0f m -= cc#$ ' %$ 0 m

:8 /6U R7 g /: −3
c67
c,+ J= -3 7B W ,#$ ' J&

2 67G G −4
j ,
wd- .;H e,( 6
−5
c67 Q b&2 +C
-49-

‫א
א‬
pa‹“ä@Ñîä—m@‡ÇaìÓë@"#c
-51-
pa‹“ä@Ñîä—m@‡ÇaìÓë@"#c
ZÒa‡çþa
j
:R Q
L R= R |
/ m W / !" m b,/ U :G
c#- 3$ 4+/ 56 {7:/ −1
c !; #$ 97 {7:/ −2
-52-
Zpa‹“zÜÛ@òrí‡ä@Ñîä—nÛa@‡ÇaìÓë@^c@M@1
X@X l -8
1K Y3 _ R ,*=3 F 8 /"$ /" L! ;C G8 "K$
{ -Kj _ Y` Y 5C

@ /# "K$1 ,r 8 PC > ="$1 ,K"M` .M5 MV *M; #_MC > kM $ /M#1
{r! l d$ /" %V
:‫ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬1H1

{T ("8 N8 ` > -K11 <.$ > , PQ <K #
-"c_ *-. K8 :.V T (M"8 M` > M NM1 M# M LFM$ GM8 MH1
{ 6 ,5 K" 8 *5 O Vi1
:‫ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﻴﺔ‬2H1

. V ,K$
\ b;3 4/) £13 GM8 -M M=_ :.MV M :$M$ <M$ M
P"1 {*=3 F 8 > deC N8 ` N8 K11 ,4KU) % /X
Y` G8 %70 G8 b;C <&$ /" O - N$ 4 +) LO Mc lM *M=3 FM 8
\
$ <.$1 :$ G8 _ <&$ O *;1 ,LO % l P" *; r
Q#1 { YC
{<." > %V1 e # Y1 ,YC1 B =C <X @
:‫ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﺍﺕ‬3H1

:$ c3 l , <." "K
{ #_1 ,=3 _=1 f 1C _=1 −C
\
{ -K$1 H UC Q;1 , = e \
1C e_ ,=3 s(8 −]
{< [=C Y −|
{4!") ," Y −_
{®{{*=31 K("cA r1 1 < [=s; - /" 1 UC1 <.I V _ −E
{ #_1 /78 :5 C _=1 f 1C _=1 −1
{ " Y1 H F −D
{= 0 *c " [ &C1 e c " %-=3 *U −
{!.1 ; rK _=1 f 1C _=1 −q
-53-
:‫ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﺍﺕ‬4H1
{,7 mO1 ,=3 mO O <.$
Subclass Apterygota : +&2 ; #$ S* 1−4−1

: ®
{ -
c cC + /#1 ,=3 V −C
{f1K8 1C .5 -
!" −]
\
{= r11 c " 1 @o5 I ! 1 G8 b;C 1C =1D * −|
{%V1 F 8 ! > BC N8 8 % > K *F "$ −_
: :G/ 97 m
Order Thysanura PK( :Q R $ {1
Order Collembola
:Q R $ {2
Subclass Pterygota :+D 7 8$ S* 2−4−1

: ®
\
{w
'K$ PQ c KO G8 ."8 F; -",=C
1C ,@+C ,=C R V −C
{*8 ; 1C ¢ -
!" −]
{= r11 c " 1 !5 1D 8 * A −|
{W"F 8 W"! > BC N8 8 > K *F "$ −_
: h − ,=3 [( :.V − W. W. ,7 mO <.$1

Division-I: Exopterygota :+&2 &
k #$ % :T2 % •
8 O3 K$1 \
{/~$ 1C /~$ ¢ M -M
,"M1 , M= e ,M=3 -M
s(M$ EQM#1
{_ K1 :;t > ¨ ! w($ /"1 5
: H K5 " :$ <#C G81
Order Odonata U $ -
Order Orthoptera ,=3 ".8 $ -
Order Dectyoptera ¡ B
1 +S $ -
Order Ephemeroptera 8 5 5R $ -
Order Isoptera ,=3 1 ."8 $ -
Order Hemiptera ,=3 F $ -
-54-
Order Thysanoptera ,=3 5# $ -
Order Dermaptera ,=3 = $ -
Order Mallophage 9 * $ -
Order Homoptera ,=3 T ("8 $ -
Division-II: Endopteregota :+&2 -1L #$ % : 3 % •

\
*8 ; -
,"1 ,/ I *e_ <5 1C DC *U l e_ <. Q# V > ,=3 s(M$
{4[QK O _=1 #)
{_ K1 :;t > ¨ ! G L"ª /#1 5 !( a O3 K$1
:<M. QH K5 " :$ <#C1
Order Neuroptera ,=3 U $ -
Order Lepidoptera ,=3 UV $ -
Order Coleoptera ,=3 $ -
Order Hymenoptera ,=3 ( $ -
Order Diptera WV I R $ -
Order Siphonaptera ,=3
e $ -
Order Strepsiptera ,=3 "8 $ -
Order Trichoptera ,=3 KU $ -
Zòí‹“ä@km‹Ûa@áçþ@òßbÈÛa@paHîà¾a@M@2
Order Thysanura :‫ ﺭﺗﺒﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﻱ‬1H2
'K$ {¤K8 5 R LUV -.= /!a ,p5C 1C P_ 8 1C /5 r R <7 %a+ MV
,5@1 :"1 k W5 ¤ *e_ 'K -&K51 ,! ." k131 ] (e31 7V3 1 5t >
{&K _ l dQa"$1
: C7 ®
{,=3 V −C
{9 Y G8 < [=C −]
{* % .81 !e K("cA r1 −|
{8K8 1C %_=8 ; rK −_
{* 5−2 G8 r" ¨c −E
-55-
\
! = r1 G8 |1D G! * ; , I 1 G8 _ * V 11 G8 r"$ G!M −1
{-5 !c1 %D =$ 1 ,.
{f1K8 1C .5 !" −D
{41−3) *U Lepisma cincata ¦ . %V :T3
¯ o;% !#" :1−3 J=E
Order Collembola :‫ ﺭﺗﺒﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻓﺰ‬2H2

7V3 1 E ] 1 O 5tM > 'MK$ ,<M86 HMO D1 7"MA <M7 %aM+ M# MV
V pK5 "K$ {%; !cC l1 Y1 > #_=1 b1 ,] (e31 ! ." k131
{/
G8 $ EQ#
: C7 ®
{,=3 V −C
{9 Y G8 < [=C −]
{* 6−4 G8 8 K("cA r1 −|
{8K8 ; rK −_
: ; I 1 G8 |1DC X@X * , V c G8 r"$ G! −E
{13 l !5 5C −
{b b l p5 −
{K5 ! > & −
{8K8 = r1 −1
{M.5 !" −D
{42−3) *U Sminthurus viridis <c k1C %
%V :T3
6g O
! !#" :2−3 J=E
-56-
Order Orthoptera :‫ ﺭﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺤﺔ‬3H2
{ $ l dQa"$1 ,93 l 'K$ {<7 %; !c"8 V
: C7 ®
{/ ( / 01 c P= /8 83 |1 ,,=3 G8 r =1D H −C
{ < [=C −]
{/!e K("cA r −|
{%; 13 F −_
{ %,"8 0 *=3 −E
{.8 %F = r1 −1
{ "8 p N1 −D
{F Vi deC1 N. + e [ &C H −
{/~$ -
!" −q
{a +¹1 1 O !1 _I YC $ EQ# N"$1
L7( !#" :3−3 J=E
Order Dictyoptera :‫ ﺭﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﺻﲑ ﺍﳌﱰﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬4H2

: C7 ®
{/ ( / 01 c P= /8 83 ,,=3 G8 r =1D H −C
{ < [=C −]
{PKU K("cA r −|
{¢ 8 83 *=3 ,"$ 1 ,P7 %K81 T ("8 *=3 −_
{B ;C *e_ N p1 , "1 " p N1 −E
{* %K .81 %F = r1 −1
{F Vi 1C N. [ &C H −D
{/~$ !" −
-57-
,Blatha orientalis / +S1 ,Periplaneta americana /83 +SM : M-"Mb8C GM8
{Pergularia tomentosa M / B
1 ,Blatella geemanica ¤ 3 +S1
.C+ i7 :4−3 J=E
Order Isoptera :‫ ﺭﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﺴﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺤﺔ‬5H2

\
) ,` Fe _
C %K".8 *; <&$ ,K".8 *U > "= (K8 'K$ # V /M#
{%K". *e_ + 0 w" 1 _
3 EQ# G8 Y *1 ,4A a(1 _I) ,` deC1 41
: C7 ®
\
-.5 LF"$1 ,T ("81 M$ 1 .M"8 (M ,M7 _M
3 > M 01 M8 83 ,M=3 −C
{%
{P_@ P K("cA r −]
{ < [=C −|
{ V 10 G8 8 G! −_
{%F = r1 −E
{f1K8 1C .5 !" −1
{45−3) *U Microtermes yemenensis 43) p53 * %V :T3
G2 J;+ #" :5−3 J=E

G; 8C > %;
\ \ 2C X} ( 31 ,k1 :(0 > %_= D. _ l EQM# dQa"M$

{_ EQ# =$
-58-
Order Hemiptera :‫ ﺭﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺤﺔ‬6H2
: C7 ®
e3 LF1 ,P= 13 w F ,/ 0 G8 cC /M8 83 |1M ,%_ M
\ ,M=3 GM8 r M=1D MH −C
{,=3 F c QH1 , U
{ * 5−4 G8 r8 K("cA r −]
{+ 8 X < [=C −|
{,` _
C1 ,` _
C -8 −_
\
{ /~$ -
!" −E
\
F"8 l dQa" # 8 -81 ,4 ct 8) N
# 8 -M8 M GM8 M; \
_M $M EQM# <&M$
{!1 f_ l dQa" 8 -81 ,$ % FK
Oxycarenus hyalinipennis G! %Q5 51 ,46−3) *U Nezara viridula [0 : -"b8C G8
{Cimex lectularius u 51
bk C :6−3 J=E
Order Homoptera :‫ﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺤﺔ‬‫ ﺭﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﺸﺎ‬7H2

: C7 ®
{:;t > r . 7"8 ,,=3 G8 r =1D H −C
{ * 5−4 G8 r8 K("cA r −]
{+ 8 X < [=C −|
{Opistognathus type /! !. /, Y G8 -
BC −_
\
{¡b3 > @8 ;
r \
8 _ 1 \
,;Q > @8 ; \
VC1 ,/~$ -
!" −E
\
EQ# N"1 {$ c1 98g @ -&K5 rC ; , $ 5 % & G8 \C $M EQM# <&M$
{49−3) *U p53 ] 5Q1 ,48−3) *U G V1 ,47−3) *U $
-59-
/ 1 ,Aonidiella aurantii [ %1 Aphis gossypii GM! GM8 : -"Mb8C GM8
Bemisia tabaci [ & 5 5Q1 lcerya purchasi £tcA
bHC GGA :9−3 J=E m !#" :8−3 J=E # #$ :7−3 J=E
Order Thysanoptera :‫ ﺭﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻫﺪﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺤﺔ‬8H2

\ %a+ f 7VC R V
{ % F F"8 l 'K$ ,=
: C7 ®
\
{ -c "U Q# G81 O 5#C 6
V *1 ,%_ & ,=3 G8 W=1D R −C
{a+ 5 /-"$ * 2−1 G8 ¨c r" −]
{+ 8 X < [=C −|
{[QK G; c O _= *8 !" G8 : r -&K5 >1 ,/~$ !" −_
: -"b8C G81 ,410−3) *U 5t %V YC $ EQ# <&$
{Thrips tabaci G! 5$ 1C *F 5$
5G !#" :10−3 J=E
-60-
Order Lepidoptera :‫ ﺭﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﺣﺮﺷﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺤﺔ‬9H2
{ *+ , 5 & Y G8 $ EQ# V :C1 , _ 5C1 U YC $ EQ# N"
: C7 ®
{8 83 N8 0 ,=3 "($ 1 , " UC1 rC R ;t8 LU,5 % !a8 ,=3 −C
{ U > /!(8 1C /!e1 , _ C > ¤ I+ K("cA r −]
{ > 1 ,8 > XC 1C + 8 < [=C −|
{* Y G8 dQK1 ,!c −_
{*8 ; !" −E
{* > ! e pK1 - > !$ 6V pK5 −1
M _ C M`1 411−3) *MU Agrotis ipsilon M %_1M :M$M EQMH K5 "M M GM8
GMMM! k1 %_1_1 ,Heliothis armigera <MMMO! MMMX %_1_1 ,412−3) *MMMU Vnessa cardui
{ Spodoptera littoralis

!L E7 :11−3 J=E ) L ;p :12−3 J=E
Order Diptera :(‫ ﺭﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﲔ )ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺤﺔ‬10H2

5 , 1C r 1C r .i 5 % $ EQ# YC G8 K {9K1 ] 5Q YC $ EQM# NM"
{K
Y3 G8 -8 _ #
: C7 ®
{r$ ³5_ / 0 |1 ," 5 , (a ,=3 G8 V1 |1D H V −C
{ 5 5Q > ; A 1C 9K > ; + 8 X < [=C −]
{
V 5−4 G8 r8 G! −|
\
{%".8 1 %V dQK1 ,*=3 !cC −_
{*8 ; !" −E
-61-
Aedes aegypti & ¡ * 1 ,Anopheles arabiensis @ * M 9KM : -"Mb8C GM8

. 5 5R1 ,Bactrocera zonata ?0 X 5 5R1 ,413−3) *U Ceratitis capitata -; 5 5R1
{Syrphus aegyptius ct
,B GG :13−3 J=E
Order Hymenoptera :‫ ﺭﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻏﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺤﺔ‬11H2

{*1 5 1 *, YC <&$ <7 %a+ !c"8 V
: C7 ®
\ r !$1 / 0 G8 ;C /8 83 , (a ,=3 G8 r =1D H −C
{LO !e !c5 K8
{*.K *, aU > ; A 1C , D > ; < [=C −]
{ pK5 > 1 Se G! G F *F −|
{e 1C :b 1C N. ,"$ 1 ,%_=8 p N1 −_
\
{ v R %V PQK1 *=3 −E
{*8 ; !" −1
) D *b8 414−3) *U 5 1 Apis mellifira *.K *,1 * V $ EQ# N"1
{Cephus tabidus P ( ! D1 Vespa orientalis 4°3
?G m :14−3 J=E
Order Coleoptera :‫ ﺭﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻏﻤﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺤﺔ‬12H2

6V {Y3 _ V G8 :$ ;C "K$1 , KI1
¯
01 B. YC $ EQM# NM"
{a"8 + -8 .=C1 , "8 f 7VC R
-62-
: C7 ®
P!$ ( 0 ,=31 ,P- /!c 0 > *5 "$ 4M ) M M8 83 ,M=3 −C
<.75 ra F"1 , 0 ,=3 fK$ M pMK5 >1 ,VM [ MXC M8 83 ,M=3
{ro cc >; r! N!".$ @
%
{ < [=C −]
{EV dQK1 + *=C R !.8 1C !cC −|
{*8 ; !" −_
{4ro cc) ] cc1 ,Henosplachna platevii [ b [ . e : -"b8C G8
{ 1 G ct 8 K
V /#1 415−3) *U K C YC
: G !#" :15−3J=E
Order Dermaptera :‫ ﺭﺗﺒﺔ ﺟﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺤﺔ‬13H2

:C7 ®
{%_ LF *U l ( 01 %F = 8 83 ,=3 −C
{9 Y G8 < [=C −]
{Y
1 f7H > -K".$ @8 *U l = r1 ,"$ −|
{.5 !" −_
\
{% & G8 b; EQ# Bt $ −E
{416−3) *U D7K %5 : -"b8C G8
eD: !7G\ !#" :16−3 J=E
-63-
Order Mallophaga :‫ ﺭﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺽ‬14H2
:C7 ®
\
{ b G8 * 1 ,! l = e !; 'K$ ,417−3) *U ,=3 V −C
{ !. rK1 " ; rK −]
{ < [=C −|
{* 5 – 3 G8 r8 F K("cA r −_
{f1K8 1C .5 !" −E
{r .i * 1 f * 1 ' * : -"b8C G8
I
J; :17−3 J=E
:‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺸﺮﺍﺕ‬

% <.$ #15 /"1 , O -8 LO % <.$ *M=3 FM 8 KMU rC
M
{YC % <. = *;1 ,B =C % <.$ F
*;1 ,* F
% <.$ $ *;1 ,:$
\ ) ¡.M$1 %MV1 M` > NM$ FM > T (M" M _M
C
> X" Y31 ,Species 4
\
<cA r" I <c1 Y <c G81 ,Q#1 Genus 4 .= ) ¡.$1 %MV1 M` > NM$ FM
\ M; wMM8 13 MM :"MM1) MMI <MMc (MM$ %MM <MMc GMM8 13 MM {%MM, /MMK
M
{a+ ,5 C$1 Y <c ($ b 1 4Capital letter)
\
Bombyx mori L %_1 /K <cA @b
w
PQ ¥ K <c #1 Linnaeus B <c@ F"e # L V1 – Y ¤ b1 7 13 <McA
{W 8 r " 1C Y1 I <c e :" rC 5 A1 {%8 13
-64-
c#$ 4+ m { 7B −1
?#$ 4+ ' ,- ;/: ./ . −2
j ' b &

>/ C7 7 B −3
wd –
$ – ¯ o;% : #$ m ^B
cb3 b%+1 – J%: J – ,B GG – *M>
M< !LL – 62 . )C – .=72
:S*k
C: N × ^
C: N ^ W −4
4 ) YC Y` G8 % 70 G8 b;C O *($ −C
4 \
) / 0 |1 G8 8 cC \ ,=3 G8 /8 83 |1 p53 * > −]
4 ) ,=3 ( $ G! k1 %_1_ /"$ −|
4 ) I <c1 Y <c G8 %, /K <cA r" −_
4 ) r! U 5 r! _ 5C V −E
c+&2 ;/% C7 !; : 7B −5
-65-
‫א
א
א‬
pa‹“ä@À@ŠìİnÛaë@‹qbØnÛa
-67-
@pa‹“ä@À@ŠìİnÛaë@‹qbØnÛa
@ZÒa‡çþa
j
:R Q
L R= R |
/ m W / !" m b,/ U :G
c#$ ' 7<=/ z −1
c-/K , FG #$ '
>/ N, 4+ −2
c#$ ' ? ; −3
c#$ ' @
A: G O7 −4
-68-
Reproduction@Zpa‹“ä@À@‹qbØnÛa@M@1
{%= _
C | " ws5 X " K
¯
:‫ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﺍﺕ‬1H1

:¬+( 7<=/ 1−1−1
n R K51 !c5 p ] Fe1 ¡b31 ;Q W5 |1" MK 7M" Mn1
: h W"!5 "
{p K1 <K81 c 8 G; 8C > :Fo p ¡b3 N&$ V :C W −C
w.
<" ¡"V <V *e_ p 5 ´ " ¡b3 rC 7" pK5 > Mn1 :b " W −]
{[ VC 6_A1 <" V 1C
:`7 =C 7 <=/ 2−1−1

#_MM=1 MM 1C MM;Q -MM
=MM$ A /MM" A MM > MMn1 ,pMM ] FMMe r1_ "MM /MMK1
\
: -8 YC P X "1 ,%a+ _
C ,:F &5 i N&"
4 > ;)
:0 `7=C 7<=/ −
\
; R -K&$ &5 *; r V *.K *, > ; ;R p G "1 ,"Mc 5 Mn MV
{*, x > ".81 <_ X $ #1 ,;R - " F &5 *; rC 5 8 1C aU - " F
: `7=C 7<=/ −|
\
A ,4J= X $) X 1 \
;R \
w " F \
&5 N&$ : a > V %_1_ U
> M; QM#1
\
{ P X " 5 ¡. Q#1 4;Q -, rC r1_) :F &5 N&$ e r G8 C
:+&2 L: 3−1−1

<. *; G s( ,%V & *e_ 8 . % V ,%V1 &5 G8 =C % | "M /MK1
/!K$ /" 5 YC pK5 >1 ,=3 ( $ O pK5 > X " G8 Y Q# " {*".8 W=
{_
C % %V &
:-= ?
*2 7<= 4−1−1
\
<.= 7.C l dQa"$ /"1 G8 ; _ -e_ r" R 5 "$ YMC pMK5
\
V - " dQ EQ# G8 r"$1 { =C %K -. M! 5 M5 "M$1 ,|Mª <MX ,f3
\
{ X 1 \
;R 8 ;
-69-
Metamorphosis@Zpa‹“ä@À@ŠìİnÛa@M@2
<.$ % % V r
w1 { # [ XC % T « /" %# a" G8 .c # ," 1C !"
\
5 7"c ?@.A n {% I ?@. e1 O *; WM5 *FM A,"M 1C MO3 GM8 .Mc
\ R1 ,% > M M!"
H 5A % $ /
,_1} , /= 0 I _« =_ r3
O > /#1 s7$ Q ,<.I <M7V > %_ M NM8 :Mc " Me M75 w"Mc1 wM GM8
{deC %V G8 L"¬ PQ ?@.A 4 1 V)
:‫ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ‬1H2
\ <.$1
:^ 4,") !" Y K$
:N: %G
>
>/ ; #" 1−1−2
{<7 > A - L"ª A1 8 % w($ %V p $ w
1
%V *b8 PK( :Q 1R $ -81 ,=3 m! K5 " _
3 Nj R b8C G81
{41−4) *U ¦ .
¯ o;% !#" ' N:

>/ :1−4 J=E
:[\ %+ ~A :

> #" 2−1−2
:N JB
> #" −
{8 ; %V ←
 [Q ←  &5
 M ←
K ,"8 ( O & $ V ,*M8 M! GM /M= 0 -MU > MO3 EQM# L"Mª
K ;dQa" A1 ,"8 G; c O ,"" , e@. % ®.$ <X ,$1 dQa"M$ /M"1 ,4 M 5)
{8 % #1 ¨ ! R K5 -8 |¬ /"1 ,4[QK 5)
] 5Q1 *.K *,1 5 1 _ C1 MU YMC !"M GM8 YM QMT M« /M" M GM81
{
01
-70-
:« JB ?
> #" −|
8 ; %V ←
 V ←
 &5
\
: !" G8 Y Q# <.1 ,8 % b; w($ V & $ V
:.l

> #" •
\
:r V ,8 % b; w($ V p $ V
{%V1 < [=C -
{w5 (" _ /= 0 *( -
{[Qa l 8 %1 dQa"$ -
{8 % -
'K$ /" G; 83 > 'K$ -
:rC > 8 % G L"ª1
{ 8 $ 1 %F > ,=3 -
{ 8 $ > e1 = 0 c " [ &3 -
{ 1 +S1 O !1 _I R b8C G81
8 ; %V ←  &5

 V ←
:.l
?
> #" •
:^ > 8 % G " V & $ w
1
{[H > 8 % 'K$ 5 [ > 'K$ -
{. " ab !c5 8 % "$ 5 ,<U 0 !c5 "$ -
\ " _8 l dQa"$ -
{8 % - dQa"$ /" _ G 8 «
\ L"¬ 4Bt 8 9 ) <
[=C -
{8 % <
[=C G 8 «
{ 8 5 5R1 U : -"b8C G81
8 ; %V ←  &5
 V ←
Zpa‹“ä@À@pbÓ2Ûa@M@3
:‫ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﲑﻗﺔ‬1H3
#18 K5 8 % *F" # *".$ <X ,& G8 =e ,G" M8 ; M %MV /M#
\
{(K O1 :;t1 *( > 8 % G b; L"ª 1 {[QK !5
-71-
:‫ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﲑﻗﺎﺕ‬2H3
: 7 1−2−3
V1 <.I O 8 {\ # %a+
\ 1"
, *"8 -.= r1 , * p5 G8 |ª /M#1
6 V rC A ,G" O > $ A e %-=31 ," 1C %_=8 <.I 1D1 ,,1 G!
( $ K5 " ! YC pK5 -"b8C G81 ,* K 7.C *e_ %.8 1C 8 r$
{,=3
:J &
2 ; 7 2−2−3
\
: -"b8C G8 {; 1 ,*=3 /#1 ,%_1 w( -U r3 _1 5 &C ¡.$
{*.K *,1 B.1 42−4) *U ] 5Q
+ |GA 7 :2−4 J=E
:J&
2 !L± 7 3−2−3
G8 Y Q# <. {
1K *=3 F *=3 M$1 M13 *M=3 ¡MU@"$ -M
: h W=R
; {13 *=3 G! rC WV > , %= + *=C H rs5 "$ EQM#1 :>% C+ 7 −C
% 1 ,t.. [ . e : -"b8C G8 43−4) *U Q G8 |1D -" > G! *M
{1
\ * C F -=C rs5 "$ ; ,B ¤!Mc3 -.M75 M"$ : 6 :& 7 −]
G8
: -"b8C G8 {R PC * A1 o "8 -!5 %e8 rC l %1@ ,!.
{44−4) *U KI K K5 "
:& 7 :4−4 J=E >%C+ 7 :3−4 J=E
-72-
:J &
2 ! 7 4−2−3
\
<.I V ,45−4) *U !c3 5 MK$1 , .M WM" *M *(M ¤!McC -.M=
{; m!5 C A 5R ; 1C 1C !5 *=C Q;1 F *M=3 GM8 |1DC MX@X MH1 ,M1
{ %_1_1 G! k1 %_1_1 _ C -8 /"1 ,=3 UV $ K5 " -"b8C G8
J&
2 ! >6 7 :5−4 J=E
Zpa‹“ä@À@ôŠa‰ÈÛa@M@4
:‫ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ‬1H4
<" {4*8 ] 5R1 9K dQ [ b"c 5) ," A1 dQa" A G; c O #1 ! £ " ! #
[QK "K$1 {/ ! (K8 G -"(K8 L"ª /"1 8 % [ &C [ &C *; w
1 G81 [3 G8 ©"ª <K8 r

Q *8 !" R % % V > MO3 LKMC
G8 1C 4 %_1_) G81C 4 %_1) W! G8 v -. ©-"
[Q ,"$ rC * @
1 ,f 7V31 U3 " G8 R 1 41o ]1
Me) MQa _M "M
{4 _ 5C) v r15 [QK r$
:‫ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺭﻯ‬2H4
:/# UC X@X <.I 5 F"8 1C EV O3 ; R 8 l [
\ 5 dQK <.$ G
:!7 " b
A 1−2−4
G1 % <.75 F"8 c EV < [=C1 K("cA r1 1 *M=31 ,M=3 -M
rM$
{46−4) *U {*.K *, [Q -8 /"1 ,=3 ( $ K5 " dQ : -"b8C G8 { -
!7" b
A :6−4 J=E
-73-
: -C= b
A 2−2−4
\ F"8 < [=C1 K(M"cA r1M 1 *M=31 ,M=3 -M
rM$1
dc -8 - A1 ,<.I 5 8 «
{47−4) *U { - /= e !ª
{4 _ 5C1 U ) ,=3 UV $ K5 " -"b8C G8
-C= b
A :7−4 J=E
:!
/% b
A 3−2−4
R $ dQ *b8 {e3 -e@. > = G8 r" P= @a5 O } -1 ,EV [Q /#1
{48−4) *U { 5 5Q [Q -8 /"1 WV I
!
/% b
A :8−4 J=E
-74-
? #$ ' -/K _% . ,

>/ {7 −1
:F J- −2
{[Q ,"$ rC * ©"ª <K8 −C
{w8 [Q %_1 [Q "K$ −]
?b"2 W `7=C 7<=/ G O7 −3
c-3 7B W ,#$ ' ? 7B −4
-75-
‫א
א‬
@òè×bÐÛa@Šbv’di@ñŠb›Ûa@pb#ëŠb×þa
òîÜÔä@Ýî–b6aë@òäí Ûa@pbmbjãë
-77-
@òè×bÐÛa@Šbv’di@ñŠb›Ûa@pb#ëŠb×þa
òîÜÔä@Ýî–b6aë@òäí Ûa@pbmbjãë
@ZÒa‡çþa
j
:R Q
L zC R |
/ m W / !" m b,/ U :G
cb7;$ 9B+: - :G/ C+G !
H 6
B2 {7:/ −1
c|= C=+: -$ - :G/ C+G !
H 6
B2 G ; −2
c`L -$ - :G/ C+G !
H 6
B2 {7:/ −3
c¬+/ 7u3 ;
B2 - :G/ TG2 i
B
4+ −4
-78-
ZòäíHÛa@pbmbjãë@òè×bÐÛa@Šbv’di@ñŠb›Ûa@pbëŠb×þa@M@1
".8 $ > ,Arachnida $K L+ 1 *=3 F 8 4<M) Mc1 ;3 NM"$
r .y -.$ /" 23 > *b"$ _ F" hC c1 ;g1 {Acari < 1C Mc1 ;3 $M5 MK$
{w$ "x1
Zõa‹àä@k×bäÈÛa@òÜî—Ï@Z1üëc
1 0 $ 1 -; 7U3 %!e
M"K$ MV (M"A KMc Mc1 ;3 GM8 M"K$
: -81 ^ . l % #_
C pK rC ; * *+ }1
Bryobia praetiosa :‫ ﺃﻛﺎﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﱪﺳﻴﻢ‬H1
:4w
{41−5) *U a O3 > de3 *=3 G8 OC 13 *=3 r$1 ,_.8 8 °C ¡b3 <.=
6g i
B :1−5 J=E
\
:F , 7U3 l = 8 _ 1 \
,G; . VC *" 1 (K $ l dQa" :GwP 7,y
w5 5 +i :.$ V de3 ] pK51 K(1 1 #DC1 [0 ,!.1 <c
{ LK P_ x / r H1 k13 +
Petrobia latens :‫ ﺃﻛﺎﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﲏ‬H2
:4w
{_. / , / G8 |" w *( P1 &5 B1 ;C
:GwP 7,y
\ ,BK1 :F V 4& o % =_ *& ) "( *+ , :F
*F 5 +

{F, LK _8 .$1 L1 LK&$ rC $ A \"# 5 K5
\ H .8
\ k13 :F V ,fb1
-79-
Eutetranychus orientalis :‫ ﺃﻛﺎﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﱀ ﺍﻟﺒﲏ‬H3
:4w
{*( /bb8 ;Q1 ,".8 P1 &5 *U R ¡b3 ,r } /5 B1 ;C
:GwP 7,y
-$ Q51 % FK F"8 5 f ,/!c kK 75 k1g PK !. l ="1 :F
{!1 G8 w" * ! ED ^ . 5 F <K8 /!a ; ,"# 5 N5 m# l 9A
db1 G! $ :F Q; ,%b5 Y10 7UC :F ; ,P r + e :F
{ 1 + 1 O !1 ?01
Panonychus ulmi :‫ ﺃﻛﺎﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﺕ ﺍﻷﲪﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﰊ‬H4
:4w
\
K( G8 |1D 13 _=5 B1 ;3 Q# " {42−5) *U } /5 r 1R <.I ".8 B1 ;C
{P- !. l [ &5 %".8 [" l ,

2 72 C=+: i
B :2−5 J=E
:GwP 7,y
\
*= .1 ?01 db1 " + e1 ,_ K K5 " 7(1 7UC <K8 :F
\
q.5 VC /-"$ ,P1 r ,"$ k13 l [ + N5 G$ w5 5 +i P_$ {k 1
{5 +i 7" E("$1 b ] F$ 1 ,k13
-80-
Tetranychus urticae :‫ ﺣﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﺕ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻌﺘﲔ‬H5
:4w
1 &5 ¡b3 ,43−5) *U W I l W"8 W"K5 _=1 N8 F8 eC r 1R <7 c"8 B1 ;C
\
{¡b3 G8 7V a+C1 *( b8 -
;Q 8C ,%".8
/:C ` C=+: -" :3−5 J=E
:GwP 7,y
/,!c l " 5 +i f$ N8 %K G; 83 >1 ,/!c kK 75 . !. *&
= R P_1 ,/ r ,"$1 ,N7"$ rC $ A "# 5 \K5 X}
\ 1 ,% FK F"8 5 Qa"8
\
Q;1 , 1 G! *b8 *+ ,1 '(1 ?0 *b8 -; *+ } pK5 :F V{
{_1 1 7R 1 K :*b8 1 0 *+ }
Tetranychus cucurbitacearum ‫ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬H6
:4w
8C ,%".8 -5 *( 1 &5 ¡b3 ,W I l W"8 W"K5 O °C r 1R <7 c"8 B1 ;C
\
{¡b3 G8 "
C w1 bb8 w1 7V a+s
;Q
:GwP 7,y
\
8 % FK ¢" V , % 1C k1K W5 & o G; 83 > k1g . !. :F
\
{ *5Q1 L1 ,/ r ,"$1 ,N7"$ rC $ A "# 5 \K5
{% 5 - Q# K1 , PK !. l 7. 5 [° N5 m# l G! l 5 +i -$
-81-
x Qa"
, " LK P_ x ]t 5 ©""
, !c /!a$ $ qe D ;
{ LK1 k13 = P_
; ,_ \@& 8 $ 1 ,8 1 U01 r 7R 1 1 @&
\ 8 10 :F
\
{ 1 G! *&
,* *+ } 8C ,'(1 ?0 @& 8 -; 7UC :F
Oligonychus mangiferus ‫ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬H7
:4w
¡bg P- !. l =1 ,%"c 5 *( 1 &5 ¡b3 {<$ °C r 1R <7 a+ B1 ;C
\
K( G8 =1D 13 =1 ,¡b3 G8 "
C w1 ,*( b8 -
;Q 8C ,K( G8 |1D 12
{-
:GwP 7,y
\
"# 5 \ .8
K5 \ PK !. l = V , 1 r 81 PH + e 7 7UC %b5 :F
\
{ G8 & o G; 831 /!c kK V 8 G; 83 @& 8
\
8C ,PK !. @& 8 :K :F1 ,O. vitis 13 5 . Y r -( re r = Q;
{1 %Q *b8 7 F $ G8 b;1 *o 7UC :F1 O. pratensis -
¤ b
ZlˆbØÛa@ïmìjØäÈÛa@áÜä@òÜî—Ï@Z1bîãbq
\ \2C :.$ /" 8 H * FM GM8 M"K$
:F$ V , 7UC1 101 -; 7U3 a 5
F, 1 $ LK P_ x ,b1 #D31 < :F$ M; , .M !.M M+ e k13
: -81 -#($1 b qc1
Cenopalpus pulcher :‫ ﺃﻛﺎﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﺒﻄﻂ‬H1
:4w
\
{7V \ "
C ;Q rC A °C w ,*( P1 &5 B1 ;C
-8 a+C1 ,¡b3 G8
:GwP 7,y
\ .8
r 5 K5 \ \
,k1g . !. :F V ,*= .1 " @& 8 7UC :F
x b1 #D31 <1 Y
3 :F Q; { -Oc1 k13 = P_ x % FK F"8 7"
{ 7" w$_= 9 o1 F, P_
-82-
Cenopalpus lanceolatisetae :‫ ﺃﻛﺎﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﳊﻠﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﻄﻂ‬H2
:4w
> w8 ; C A ;Q ¡b3 w($ {L0 G8 %"c@ * *( P1 &5 ,¤ °C r 1R B1 ;C
{<7
:GwP 7,y
\
#D31 Y
3 :F ; ,k13 qc1 = P_$ r 5 N5 .8 k1g . !c3 :F
\
{ 1 ; \
\ F, LK .8 b <7V a+1 E($1 K 1 #D31 < L$ P_ x b1
\
k 1 '(1 ?0 :F V ,*= .1 " 8 Y3 <K8 @& 8 7UC :F
{db1
Brevipalpus californicus :‫ ﺃﻛﺎﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﳊﻤﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺫﺏ‬H3
:4w
{44−5) *U 5,.8 <.I 1 r °C *( P1 &5 B1 ;C
|= H;$ i
B :4−5 J=E
:GwP 7,y
\
G; 83 @& 8 b1 -! .$ P_1 , #D31 <1 Y
3 :F ; k1g . !. :F
rC ; / <X ,¦ r G8 5 F G; 83 ,"$1 ,P# [I 1C %b & o
{( , T ( k1, / r Qes$ %b G8 5 F G; 83
{ $ 1
I1 :K :F ; :F
-83-
Tenuipalpus punicae :‫ ﺣﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺫﺏ‬H4
:4w
{<$ °C r 1R ! 8 *( P1 &5 B1 ;C
:GwP 7,y
-! .$ P_1 , #D3 :F ; ,/!c kK V . !c \@& 8 r 8 7UC :F
\
A > &
\ 8
\ \
P#1 P %b O o %K G; 83 @& 8 b Q;1
{b E("$1 .$1 ,k13 L1 ,/ r ," rC
Tenuipalpus granati :‫ ﺃﻛﺎﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺐ ﺍﳌﺒﻄﻂ‬H5
:4w
%e81 & *=3 !8 ,8 N5 _=1 N8 } £ $5 r 1R ! 8 *( P1 &5 B1 ;C
{Lo 5,.81 K
G!
:GwP 7,y
k13 % F ¢" V ,%K G; 83 >1 /!c kK V . !. \@& 8 :K k1C :F
l .1 #D3 :F ; ,k13 ."$ 5 +i %U 1 ,$ / r ," <X , -
{ ."
Zð†ë‡Ûa@áÜä@òÇìàª
:*($1 [+3 1C b 1C e "A :.$1 ,P_1 B1 ;3 F
-81
Aceria sheldoni :‫ ﺃﻛﺎﺭﻭﺱ ﺑﺮﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﱀ‬H1
:4w
{£ $5 +C G8 w ´ *( P_1_ B1 ;C
:GwP 7,y
E($ 5 +i P_$ V ,%b c k13 1 #D31 < 5 , G; 83 > :F
\
k131 b Qes$ 81 {o "8 F$1 < B"$ ; , -7& * .$ 8 1 , a"1 b
> ; ¢ P_ x b G$ E("1 , -
OC ("$1 ,k13 K7"$ V ,\ " \A UC #(
\
{ 1 \ F,
;
-84-
Aceria ficus :‫ ﺃﻛﺎﺭﻭﺱ ﺑﺮﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﲔ‬H2
:4w
{L0 G8 ],.8 *( ¤!cC r F8 B1 ;C
:GwP 7,y
. !. *& { -
O3 Nj =$ V ,b Q;1 b + e − k131 W" <5 :F
P_ ; , 8 ; k13 .$ ; ,/ r H1 # +1 -#($ P_ x k1g
{³1 D 98 * B1 ;3 QH G1 ,< r a$
Aceria mangiferae :‫ ﺃﻛﺎﺭﻭﺱ ﺑﺮﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﳒﻮ‬H3
:4w
³ §1 ¡b3 > N " ³c1 k(8 ² :o ,<7 c"8 r F8 *( P_1_ B1 ;C
{;Q > N "
:GwP 7,y
P_$1 k1 E("$1 ,< L"$ V , -! .$ P_ 1 1 # < :F
=5 F, *1 ,%b F$1 E("1 ,K * £ " 51 -8$1 , E($ # < 5 +
{%;
Aceria lycopersici :‫ ﺃﻛﺎﺭﻭﺱ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻄﻤﺎﻃﻢ‬H4
:4w
r !c1 = r !e1 /!c1 e
w1 *( b8 Y1 ,r F8 *( ¤!cC 1 !"8 B1 ;C
{r@8 ;
:GwP 7,y
\
k13 l b; KU |1e , .8 $1 r 7R 1 <O! + e 7R F _
C :F
{p53 G K 5 wU 5 + -8 /!K$ /"1 r .1
-85-
Colomerus vitis :‫ ﺃﻛﺎﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻴﻔﻲ‬H5
:4w
I 1 G8 ] 5 wU K51 % !!ª Y ,r F8 p5C *( P_1_ B1 ;C
{45−5) *U
Colomerus vitis .> 9+: i

B :5−5 J=E
:GwP 7,y
:5 +y 9C X@X :.$ A@c @X w81 :K :F
{ - $ :.$1 ,< :F$ :[2 ^%
PK !. l b5 \5,F8 - ! K5
\ .8
\ k1g . !. :F$ : 3 ^%
{, / <X +3 ," r p8 / ! - {k
\
{ c1 ;3 =$ G; 8C > KO KU |1e1 #K .8 k :F$ :33 ^%
{F, 1 $ LK A@. *5 5 +i P_$
Phytoptus pyri :(‫ ﺃﻛﺎﺭﻭﺱ ﺑﺜﺮﺍﺕ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺜﺮﻯ )ﺃﻛﺎﺭﻭﺱ ﺑﺮﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺜﺮﻯ‬H6
:4w
{r F8 1C p8 *( P_1_ ¤!cC B1 ;C
:GwP 7,y
\
L$ 1C k13 l b5 G$ w5 5 +i :.$ V , "1 db :*b8 -; 7UC :F
\
{< L$ P_1 ,b1 k13 l b5 8 db1 " l %(5 X {< 81
-86-
Aculops lycopersici :‫ ﺃﻛﺎﺭﻭﺱ ﺻﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻄﻤﺎﻃﻢ‬H7
:4w
{/ I - G8 B8 *( £a8 B1 ;C
:GwP 7,y
k13 l H w"5 + C$ V ,<O! l %!e
"K V , 7R F $ G8 b; :F
\
Y
3 ("$ ; , -! .$1 k13 5R wK" ,/ r VA ," /"1 . Y
31
%( 5 +i P_$ { #= G(¬1 4( k1,;) / r Qes$1 ,b Xs"$ Q; { LK&1
{F, G8 b
1 $ 8 B1 ;3 QT
,%( 5 +i *,"
r 7R 8C , $ 81 k13 = P_ O ! w"5 + Q;
{ #K1 k1g E($ %+ > 5 +i -$1 ,V w$ $ ¡$1
Metaculus mangiferae :‫ ﺃﻛﺎﺭﻭﺱ ﺻﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﺎﳒﻮ‬H8
:4w
\
{ $ *( b8 P- Y1 r +C p *( £a8 B1 ;C
:GwP 7,y

! < 5 + > ¢Fo"8 #1 ,P8 r R 7 7U3 4b)
! k13 :F
{ -
= P_1 \+ -8
\ \
k1g :.1 , -
=1 -8$ .8 1
Tegonotus mangiferae :‫ ﺃﻛﺎﺭﻭﺱ ﺻﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﺎﳒﻮ‬H9
:4w
{G(e1 *( b8 Y1 r /; *( ! 8 £a8 B1 ;C
:GwP 7,y
\
{/F - #R ª1 , - K .8 k1g . !. :F V 7 7UC :F
-87-
Phyllocoptruta oleivora :(‫ ﺃﻛﺎﺭﻭﺱ ﺻﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﱀ )ﺃﻛﺎﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﱀ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻲ‬H10
:4w
{ + r 1R !8 *( /K B1 ;C
:GwP 7,y
Q 51 LF k13 %_
\ *& ,b Y
31 b1 k13 :F V 7UC :F
\
; , -! .$ 83 P_ 1 , #K1 -(ª P_ x , + \ k1g :. V , . !.

> Q# ,46−5) *U ] F #= .1 ,/F r Qes$1 *
,b 93
¡. Q [ &5 &
N5 -$ *5 ,/F r - - @
1
:I1 r 8C / c1 $
{¦ B1 ;C
z w i
BFG GwP I7 :6−5 J=E
-88-
Zï/ÐänÛa@‹ÌrÛa@òº‡Ç@pbëŠb×þa@òÇìàª
r -.= = rC ; , F8 p5C 1C r p5C ´ -.= rs5 #_
C " ;3 F
-81
: -81 \(e r 8 _
\ 1 N8A 8
Rhizoglyphus robini:‫ ﺃﻛﺎﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻷﺑﺼﺎﻝ‬H1
{47−5) *U \(e r 8 _

\ N8A 8C <.I =1 F8 p5C 1C p5C ´ <.I :4w
TG2 i
B :7−5 J=E
:GwP 7,y
,deC F5C1 ;131 :"1 * _11 = F5C l dQa" ; ,ro1 * > *F :F
]a ' l = ; :K1 r
(1 1Q=1 1 O !1 O ! _ l dQa" Q;
\
{2 b;C1 UC r$ ro > 5 +i1 ,5O %_ D ro1 * > K(1 ; ]1
-89-
?6
B2 #$ G O7 −1
:/ 6
B¥ GwP I7 7B −2
{W"K 1R °3 K <V -
{7 <5 B1 ;C -
{ F53 B1 ;C -
: ® | !7 m ,C6+ MG !7 G Jw −3
| !7 !7

{³1 D 98 * −1 {<O! k1C 9 5 B1 ;C −1
{. " ab c1 ;3 ` G8 −2 {W" <5 B1 ;C −2
{p53 G K w( -8 /!K −3 {]R & B1 ;C −3
k1, / r Qes$ b G8 5 F ! −4 { F53 B1 ;C −4
{( , w5 (
?.> 9+: i
B U^6 Gw\ G )7/ m=; 4B −4
-90-

‫א
א‬
pbmbjäÛa@9a‹ßc@pbî#b#c
-91-
pbmbjäÛa@9a‹ßc@pbî#b#c
@ZÒa‡çþa
j
:R Q
L R= R |
/ m W / !" m b,/ U :G
cL/ U ,/r C+ I72 {7:/ −1
cC+ I72 ^ I7 ; −2
c
8/ U Q !% J: C+ I72
8/ O7* {7:/ −3
c7 CC% {7:/ −4
cC+ I7 J;: ' K/% L !,&2 L2 {7:/ −5
-92-
ZòîmbjäÛa@[a‹ßþa@M@1
$ V l 8 8@ 7c
,93 l $ _=1 N8 $ 983 -
%t > u PQ ¤ c
X . V@8 K$1 ,c r8 200 -¬ $ N= %7,"8
7 *+ ,1 7U3 :F$ /" 983 G 5"8 % U 1C /# _@ * 370 − 286 W5 8
{1
\; \XC f1683 f > - r
PH ¥ K !c5 4/&) :; ]c1 (";A r ; 1
de3 1 t1 ! G8 b c_1 ¢,
<$
, Vi fK Y1
M!$ >
{ 98C1 [ V3 fK K
_ ¡!C x
\XC > <O!1 O ! l , 9 / 5 - r ; Nc " r G8 K53 5 >1
761 . r8 N5 8 -", r ; ` 1V R d_C V , 98C < Mc_ > \M;
{( 8C r LF1 r8 l 8
[+31 <, " 98C rC L("; PQ De Bary P 5 P_ : b8C [K GM8 Mc MR MK5 M$
[K ,c /"1 . F m (M"; M5 ¥ MK *M+$ <MX ,PM!
-.M8
{ -"5 + > ! EQ# c l K" 5
f ¡"V fo".$ MD A /M" Koch's Postulates wM1
Koch ?M; ¥ MK NM1 f1876 f M >1
{º :. l K" 5 + 01 ?; 91 5
1K1
l K" <$ w@e G8 PQ1 ¤1ti ]c1 ("; <$ ;GK r G8 .0 @e1
_1 ("; R K5 $ <X ,w
1 Kausche u c; ¥ MK !Mc5 Mc1 M mMI
{ 983 .; .";1 8D@51
:‫ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬1H1

1C , 8 F} l 983 EQH / 5 ("A N8 # $ 983 < c J H r
\
Q , | " > G8 @ i 9a5 , - l _ F, F ¡"V 5 +i 1V es$
{-5 @K1 * !1 * K G8 *; KO c_ > $ /" , "o K 8K *;
K8 G8 5A
{E1 5 a1 *+ ,1 ". <1 983 < *b8 de3 fK 5 < rC 5 A 98C B
- $ PQ B c3 7V K$ ,"=A fK ¡"V1 1 = fK rC c ($
{ 98C <
-93-
:‫ ﺍﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻴﺔ‬2H1
:.5 / | "i > rC %," <8g K5 " 4FAO) 1 Q3 FVi ($
0 *+ } G8 GO r8 311 O ! GO r8 891 ] G8 GO r8 135 M5 $ 983
{A1_ r5 70 -" a5 /"1 ,-; *+ } G8 GO r8 331
, rC A @+ 1 *+ , > 1 .M GM M _ FMV =M$ A M_@5 >1
! + e $ 983 5 5 +i :.5 %100 − 20 W5 1t$ .0 . r l M$ Mc1
{ t1 c1 1
:‫ ﺍﳋﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻴﺔ‬3H1

:!C 70%k 1−3−1
Y !&
68 1C 6 LK& P_ x 5t > 8 983 :.M5 1QM GM K$1 LM$ −C
{deC %8 N t
\
{ = \ 983 5 5 +i 7" F, ¢−]
1C ;
{b K$1 #($ :.5 7" 7" 9 o −|
{r 3 98C :.5 4."1 Go"1 mK" [ XC) _ F K5 6 7"81 7" L$ −_
D
7" ,r1 r .i Qa" F, V@+ f $ 983 pK5 5 +i P_$ −E
\
5 + 1C 8 . _ D $ /" ! pK5 rD o > 1Q G K$ M+ e1 -M f.M pMK5
{* > f . P! r=3 95 F}
:!C ? 70%k 2−3−1

{F, l 983 - WV Y l '" "1 V@ −C
{_@ %= 98C ]»$ N e1 /= 0 / 7 s5 f$ /" mH −]
F, <c8 > ! d1s8 r$ /" dMe3 M$ *MK1 ' (M MD M −|
{* K
{=@K ,
1C ,
[c ! EQH ,
−_
:‫ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﰐ‬4H1

e /=. :;t1 /=
*( l X K! > a$ PC # ^ 9
9C w " K! G , #" .8 LK"51 {_ F" A w" G8 * ; ,
{"%x
-94-
: MB C+ I7 ^1 m
>/ J"7 +
, V5 V EQ# ¡.$1 ,* c1 PC :.5 * K * ! 8@ -
1 :@ : J"7 −C
: G8 r #1
{* K 13 5 +i > w;$ VC 1C * ! :." w
1 : •
{^ * K X d1 V > 13 5 +i $ :."$ w
1 :` < •
:W"V8 l d1K <"$ ,8 F51
{* ! X " :;t VC G % w; :* K l qc -
{4@ 5O1 %) c m 1
" 7"; ($1 w$ -
7.C kteA kO % #1 ,* K 7.C 1 * ! w7" ($ K5 :O1U -"7 −]
:* K
l * ! .$ :;$ #1 ,* K 7.C l / a&M !Mc5 :C O 1U •
{_$ > %_= 8 *b8 kteA
.K1 k13 l %_= abM ,"M EQM# <M#C1 : :C> / m O 1U •
{ #D3 > %_= V _a1 k . l %_=
: b < R !c5 1I :¡k 7 ( T^ 1 m O 1U •
{_ F1 b L! 1C 80 G 1I1
l Qa" Fx c5 w. b$ l * ! *K * K 7.3 kteA K5 :G wP -"7 −|
{* K
\ %1 7 O Fx * ! *c 5 +i !8 G8 [Qa R + :

8/ U u -"7 −_
b,5
{[Qa G
O $ K"c G8 G" /1 5 +y %1 7 O * ! 1 MK5 :~7 <= J > ; −E
{= [ X " 5 * ! C ,%I
* ! s7 QH1 .

"($1 ,* ! _C __$ I M | "M MK5 :J >
8 / −1
{%= V .8 > wV
-95-
:‫ ﺃﻋﺮﺍﺽ ﻭﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻴﺔ‬5H1
\ O 8 9 5 5 +i r$
: ; 93 -$1 O 1C
:C+- .:C> R- ' ?u −C
+C 1C F8 eC 1C +C r -1 $ > =$ /" [0 *
1 %_ 8 * :.M5
D 1C 41−6) *U !ª *(5 1C <"M8 rM > Ma" rM1 ] FM M lM M
{42−6) *U 4' ")
*M> C ' oe :2−6 J=E 8 !

A ' >K/ :1−6 J=E
5 F$) 5 F 7.3 pK5 8 # ( M EQM# >1 :bH 2 D% ¥ .: −]
,c r$ H %1 7 7.3 rC WV > de3 7.3 G8 # G8 b;C =5 * ! 5 4rM
,45−6) *U " ,44−6) *U r M 3 ,43−6) *MU N=M M! M8 MR bM8C GM81
{46−6) *U ,
O% Q .+C m: :4−6 J=E .:& I7 :3−6 J=E
D
e :6−6 J=E H;$ Q `?/=C 7/ :5−6 J=E
-96-
\
5X \
; $
."
7.3 L <X ,N" 5 k13 5 + 7" /K8 8 # (M$ :O
2 93 −|
{47−6) *U ?01 '( 98C > K U r$1 *( "8 _
;8 O
Q 93/ :7−6 J=E
*U > -$ a$ 1V WK8 95 $ 5 M+i 7M" # (M$ :C + ; : C* ' ? u −_
MM!e k13 FMM$ MM,5 MMc1 5 MM+i MM V > MM; , MM [ &MMC > MM# MM
{48−6) *U
*M> C ' 6? GwP :8−6 J=E
P_ x , *e_ _ pK5 rD$ > ]! 7" f13 :N
2 ¨" −E
{49−6) *U > ; <O!1 > /= " r" 98 > ; @0 <7V1 f . %_ D
*M> ' .&/ R

/ :9−6 J=E
-97-
V , 7.C > _ rD$ > ]! G $ $ > f" 1V :N/ −1
aF "1 aF ?0 k1 98 > ; ,5 F $ 7.3 M- M Mb$ P_M$
{ S ¢ 7" :K 7U f$1 ,D > _$ 981
P r , e 8 9C > $ 5Q 1MV # (M$ : T GA −D
K".$1 r . OC /,$1 ,k13 L""
,%- > I %V _"U E- :c <"
{P E 8
$ 1C I V " K! -" V $
,1Q [ XC 8 _ l 93 EQ# -$ :7;: 3" C+
LC- `7> T GA −
j -8 l P1 " V 1C 5t > %_= M ! *MK$1 ,5tM !Mc kM
#M- MK5 1C
_ R K5 *5Q$1 *,"$1 ,« <X [ 5 N("$1 , @0 ® ""
,G" bV &a 7.M3
{4] 10−6 *(1 C 10−6) *U «1
`7>
LC TG :| 10−6 J=E
'
LC TG : 10−6 J=E
95 ! 5 +i 1C O % $ '! :.5 < 5Q 1V ´V@ :0 T GA −q
*U <D 5R > ; , G8 8" O3 > ! 5 +i rC k 1 {WMK8
{ > P" 5Q 98 1C 411−6)

k Q
e TG :11−6 J=E
-98-
º 9K Q# C1 ,<7 %a+1 %8 5 F b # ($ :+/
M3
; { & −P
_ -".$1 ,[ o" #K5 R F _8 F _ * w " GM K5 bM 5 M+5
:K X M bM8 {M, *(M QMes$1 ,K7"M$1 M K" bM LM{*M ! [QMa; MQ
{412−6) *U
9+: Q
M3
; {& :12−6 J=E
:‫ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬6H1

:C+ I72
8/ O7* 1−6−1
?e r 8 G8 ! "$ L; . sc *# :B
:/# * c1 %K5 <"$ /"1 ,X " * ! :;$ VC " $ 983 "$
{, "1 [+3 98C *b8 [H !c5 ("A .1
{5Q 98C *b8 [ !c5 ("A .2
{* G8 #1 _$1 :; K1 !c5 ("A .3
A 1C mK" ¤1C fo"c 1C $ 7" 1$ 1C 80 M [ MXC r .Mi !Mc5 (M"A .4
{
{4 81 – *) de3 X " [=31 P1 " O G ("A .5
{e L+ G8 <K!" O G ("A .6
{_$1 K" 98C *b8 5t1 &K %c3 !c5 ("A .7
-99-
:C+ I72
8/ Q !% J: 2−6−1

1 * ! w$ l .$ /" @ m 1
$ A <"$ A * ! 5 d1K M M7 r
:1 EQ# <#C
:!
7$ &
L −
\ -O (M > M ! L"Mª
- 5 ,& o8 %V =_ -$ -&K
H lb % = K$
\
> %!e w5 5 +i r$ O ! > %es" , 98 @b
,K $ % =_ de3 -&K5
O > -) % O > %!e *( A 5 ,Mc 8 %_1M5 M=_ -M
M
" /M" O M
{4[ "( *F
> "cA
:G*7 −|
5O .$ V ,5 +i ("A @8 5O1 y c 8 5O | " $ !
\
%U l . 5O 5 N( I @b
{kteA -c & * K 7.MC *MK1 w$ M1 w!(M$ lM
{/ 9 98 ("
:bH −
/" ! 5 ,& o %[ i 1 $ 5 +i -"5 $ 5tM > M8 M !
{1 EQ# *b8 > $ 5 +i -"5 *$ V $ l 'K$
:G −L
PQI Y7 98C + e ,983 pK5 5 +i %U l -
/" 5t M° MX$
{P c1 | "n -&K51 ¦8 V c1 | " 98C # r V
:J0: Au −~
\
%_ D @b
{,+ K1 $ 983 G8 b 81 8 b;C wK *M K M D"M Qa"M
{* ! * G8 kteA -c & k1C *K =1t Qa"
-100-
@Zòîš‹¾a@pbjj/¾a@M@2
:W8 :.5 ^ 9 n
$ 1C _$ 1C c1 1C ! 1 t :*b8 983 .8 *b«1 " J −C
{ U3 1C ! #
: <.$1 SG " ? J −]
{ ,5O ,% := *8 -
{5t °1 ,º3 O d", ,V :5t *8 -
:‫ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﳊﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ‬1H2

:=C 1-1-2
61 , \OcC P0 #= > -&K5 * ,-7 5 A d$ A %V1 e R M _ M ; /M#1
/# 983 . t <K81 ,/1 P11 PFK -
, H UC L"ª {P1 [ (a5 O }
\
<#C G81 {. f .A 5 X "$1 "e xt8 /#1 ,4f= aF c) <X= rM$ PFM *MU R
:G > " 98g b83
{ > /= " r" 98 •
{ & > P" " 98 •
:7> 2-1-2
H Y`1 ,4 H) ¡.$ _ qe G8 r"$ ,/& -7 5 A d$ A _ V ; /M#1
r$ EQ# >1 b;C 1C % l P"n1 , 75 <.8 r PQ1 4f.8) M! <.M= rM$
% V1 e G8 8 EQ# > H r$1 , <.8 M rM 1C , M@0 %M MH
{ %
G8 -Q ".$1 ,/& [ K5 f$ A £ " 51 [0 *
1 %_ M8 lM P"M A M!
<#C1 {<XI G$ -hC kO %MK5 MX "$1 ,5tM > %_M= &MK _M 1C dMe3 M M
:G > %_= ! $ 983
{/ 9 •
{/ 9 •
{, " •
{[+3 •
{ K" 98C •
{5t > 8 ! •
{r 3 !
•
-101-
:6? 3-1-2
<.=1 , @0 *e_ (1 ,/$15 @ wM5 Mn 4RNA 1C DNA) P1M p8 MV GM8 r"M$
\ a+ B1M
#! * /" c1 5 . PQ ,¤1ti ]c1 5 A d A =
: -hC G > $ 983 G8 %!e ` c1 :.$1 {r18 200 G
{ > N» #" 98 •
{ > [ 5 98 •
{D > _$
98 •
{' "1 D 98C •
{³1 <O! k1C K •
:
C:3 R LM+ 4-1-2
1C % cK 5 A d$ A
A V /M#
r 5 c Q1 r Kb ; ¢, > M-$1 ,M-7
\
{ %!e 8C :.$1 , Kb
:%( J=E −
r < 413−6) *U ¤!cC -.M= _$M
<85 −0.5 G8 HO 1t %".M8 1C M58 w"M
\
c $ \
D -= %_1 {r18100 – 20G8 -M1
\
A1 , =e \
D -=1 \
&M# \
D M-=1 \
FM \
D M-=1
_$ "$1 ,P1_ D -= l P"
¢"" ^ * K @e > EDa$ -
> 8 _=5
{w8 [Qa
LM+ :13−6 J=E
:,/8: ;0^ SC −

1C X 5t 1C " !c5 "$1 ,1Q > VC1 $ 5 l1 5t > _$M 'MK$
{X @"( fo"c 1C w$1_C1 Y
:C+ Q
−
1QI f$1 ,f131 *sb rM$1 ,r .M1 k13 "M1 MK1 ,<M M8 _$M :.M$
{ #K1 #K$1
-102-
Meloidogyne spp 1QMMI MMK$ _$MM -"MMb8C GMM8
<O! *b8 *K G8 K :F$ /M"1 ,414−6) *MU
QMM;1 *MM 1 MM 1 r 7R MM1 MM8 1 O !MM1
,G! *b8 * *+ }1 ,D1 ?0 *b8 -; 7MUC
{ 01 8 º3 > 9 Q# b1
4MM *MMsX) P_$MM MM 9MM8 -"MMb8C GMM8 QM;
.MMe wMM5 5 MM+i P_MM$ PQMM1 Anguina tritici

A( : L M I7 :14−6 J=E r R *sX ]V 5 r" V ,%; _ FM"
{ #»; :KF1 + r$ , ]V G8 a+C } /5
:->/ 7 C+ 5-1-2

1C $#51 Qa _ 1C @831 [ l F 9a deC $ l * !"$ $ /M#1
\ -M;
l 5 8 $ EQ# G8 K1 { -KF$ G ! 7K /" &K _M pMK5 1C , MK8
{$ F
% § > N$ Y 300
:
!" # $ -X /" 23 <#C *b"$1
{ 1 Qa ¹ K1 [ > ^ * K ; (8 .1
{* K 7.3 } C D $ !" $ pK5 .2
415−6) *U * K k c l * !" PQ 8 G > !" # $ EQH b83 <#C G81
5 PQI Y71 *
1 %_ 8 -F -;1 416−6) *U * K 1Q= l * !"M PQM M H1
{PQ= Y` w 5
C :16−6 J=E T$ C :15−6 J=E
-103-
:+EU 6-1-2
\ r (K :,O1 !
GM8 r"M$ /M#1
@e G8 * K l 9 9C -$1
$ (K8 K8
{ LK P_ Q#1 {/& [ P_ x ,w [& :7V
:(‫ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳊﻴﺔ )ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬2H2

: -81 =. 98g . *8K <#C G8 /#1
:( J: 1−2−2
P_ d Q# G a$ PC1 ,KO %F5 -
/" I *8K G8 0 E8 M *M
EQ# *b8 :.$ /" I *8K G81 {=.M 9M83 5 MK$ M > %_ MV =.M
Ma$
:KF wC G8 < l1 {I =1 ( %[ %U1 % =_ Y $ 1C 9 o M 9M83
\
: ; *8 *5 + e 8@ # r$ 8 F5 wC A -"5 + > *8K EQ# W5 " VC
K8 V$ - P_$ ; , K8 9 o - $ P_ V ::7 !
7$ −C
\
G81 {b E($1 & P_$ Q; {k13 ."5 5,F8 b1 k .M1 k13 lM
{<O! X Q;1 417−6) *U 7 l ( K. R b8C
D O
Q 5;8 :% :17−6 J=E
\
@"e 5 93 L"ª 81 {/ r ^ . r a$ P_$1 :HK+ !
7 $ −]
\
Q8 :.$ f°5 G8 * C %V = O ! _ pK$ rC M=1 M
, M YM
\
: -8 9C - P_$ 7" %V = 9K$ rC ; , c
{/V 8 -
{/U 8 -
{/K$ 8 -
-104-
:J;8 G J 2−2−2
S * %x 8 9C R P_ MV ,G ' 0Au Z+ : Re N « −C
\
"«1 G8 C$ 1 . k13 + 5 5,F8 rM WM=1t ¢M
{/MQ
\
> ; -8 %K + e k13 V ktV 5 5,F8 r fMc $ ¢M1 ,!Mc k1MK
P_ V b1 b k1g 8 < l -$ f.M ¢M rC M; ,418−6) *MU
®! > G K 98 Q;1 419−6) *U <O! > P# G K 98 > M; bM M M8
{8 6 > %_=8 %# EQ#1
*M> Q `7 m: :19−6 J=E N6C d+ « I7 :18−6 J=E
l V & X3 N=1 5t [ 8 > @83 M;t5 M M MXs" ," - −]
:W8
% G8 @ i w :$t x ,5t , PDc3 a&M M GM8 5tM VM8 %_ MD −1
{5t [ 8 F"8 l
; 5t [ 8 > Q ¹ K pK5 G8 8 c ;$ N 5t V8 %_ D G " −2
{r1 S ;$ %_ D n
ktV1 = 9C -$ ; ,E KO > a$1 G % 93 M-$1
{V -"c .V =_ > $ L"ª1 P_ x ,. k13
> /=.
98 - »5 5O1 I W5 ]Q5Q" :.M MV ,
2 G*7 −|
°1 -; X ($ Q;1 ,5O %_ 7" , M 7MUC ¨FM$ 9M8 *bM8 M
{ P1 '! K5 G! k1C
: 98 -81 P = G8 7 a" 7" ,O ! _ > 9C -$ ;
{ %"c f1 O ! _ l X - Q;1 ,_c3
-105-
ZòîÜàÈ¾a@pbiìØë‹Øî¾a@Êaìãc@M@3
:‫ ﺍﳌﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬1H3
:m R=/ 20−6 J=E .0H |=67= = 1−1−3
{<c 16 HO1 F -
{K cK -
{m( cK -
{YQ -
{F -
{ b cK -
{ b cK 5 -
{[& := V -
{ & .8 -
{aF & .8 -
{% -
{/& F -
.0H |=67= :20−6 J=E
-106-
:+: « _-; 7* 2−1−3
t8 LF 1 ! O W51 w5
. rM$ M,5 %&M lM f M$ QM,5 ]Mc1 NM −C
{. A /;
{u G8 K!5 ]c1 [=C Nj L$ −]
{x %[ *&
C l *F, ¡"V ;K cK @e G8 N8 ,[& F8 l % &$ −|
[& w8 PQ F > P :b c1 > r$ ,5 ]c1 F8 l K N$ −_
{ b$ p5 8 !c5 b$1 F
5 & fo".1 = =D nv l PC ¢,
*M 3 M" R m(M McK fo".M$ −E
{K *+ $ " & <X ,K G ¡"V
{
5 & fo"c 5 &$1 ,%1 3 K! 1"5 l3 " R cK fo".$ −1
:£ " r @e G8 ]c1 " . :. −D
\
$ % > 518 4cK l %_=8) K cK $ % = K ]Mc1 M$ %M
{m( cK
:(‫ ﺍﳌﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﳛﻲ )ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻮﻛﻠﺮ‬2H3

:_ = 1−2−3
:G8 421−6) *U r"
{K cK {1
{K cK " 8 {2
{m( cK {3
{m( cK $ " 8 {4
{]c1 YR {5
{]c1 % {6
{]c1 > 5 {7
:_/r 2−2−3
7-B+C .²#/ |=67= :21−6 J=E
:^¾ /n" ]c1 fo".
{%aF <.= l %_= *+ " −1
{ -n$ [ XC , e %-=3 :;$ −2
{ > I Y −3
{$ 5 +i pK P# *( ¢,
−4
-107-
ZpbjäÛa@[a‹ßc@ÝàÈß@À@òß‡ƒn/¾a@paë†þa@M@4
:‫ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ‬1H4
{N( 5 1C G! 5 -"!a$ <" %_ 1
\ K ´ "e :5 C −C
{ - <" / Pt5 k OC−]
{B1; −|
{k1_ −_
{5 −E
{ + 8 −1
{ V ,c −D
{Y C −
{v !C1 v −q
:‫ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ‬2H4
{$ : −C
{/(e 1C PV :5 C *8 V−]
{e r 8 G8 - Pt5 k OC <K" !cC B , : −|
{:H 5 F8 −_
{N( f@ C −E
:‫ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻤﻞ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ‬3H4

o !c5 #M1 = =M 1_3 <MK" fo".M D M-= M# :Autoclave {^B U 1-3-4
m1 P F1 5t <K$ T GM1 {fÀ121 = 42M+5 ¿ *MO 15) N $M PMI a&M1
{Qa
1C W" c % fÀ180 I Ge . [H !c5 <K$ %-=C /#1 :Ovens :m1% b R7 2-3-4
> L 7"1 <K" fo". ; , = =1 Pt k OC -
<K1 { c @X % fÀ160
{
-108-
:‫ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻤﻞ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ‬4H4
:Au SC 1−1−4
*K > EQ# $ 1 {*K > "1 ! w $ PQ c /# MQa mM
\
R G1 c %V1 m5 l Kj - V G G8 w
R l1 , Y8 m# l -"$ _ "K G
\
m G8 K -
R l1 ,e pK - $
K8 m5 l = pK5 <$ ¥
" 1C ! # 9a r ; R
{5! m K"c G8 9a _n1 { 6 8 KO > G "$ ¡"
<X= G$ N7($ # 9a r ; R 8C ,
U r$ rC1 l % . m
$ rC :7

\
+ V > 1C c V > m fo".$1 {Qa 6 8 > K m rM$ rC *&M
@bM8 M!
{t ¿<=20 – 15 K5 = - &
1 . 1 1D31 W7.;31 W=1i1 r5 -hC 12 ¹ l m P" rC fM
¹ K G8 m ; l w"VA R1 ! [ G F [ 8 fo"c *& 1 ,1 fMc $1
{ ! <K8 - | " /" %aF
\
,6.5−6 W5 m (pH) /=1H < & Q , @ * PQ c ! *& $
\
Qa m <.$ 81 \
{47.5–7.4) W5 (pH) @ * PQ c t *& $ M5
: ; YC X@X
::C> SC −
*b81 w; 1 o $ [=3 *b8 :;t
1K8 %K8 KO _8 GM8 mM EQM# r"M$
{ #1 P&K _.1 1 0
l 1C ,I1 O ! V > ; !cC LF *(5 N! m# l m EQM# GM8 pMK5 fo".M$ 1
l 1C 4%Q '= *b8) '= m# l 1C ,%Q1 DA1 K(1 ]V *b8 8 ; ]MV mM#
{ Fo".8 m#
G81 ,<K" <X [
5 #& <" V ,&," -c1 Gb Fe s5 K! m M"$ 1
:^s 8 K! m $
Malt Extract Agra : «-K/% •
¢o".8 a5 &," <"1 {4t1) [ 81 ,4<=2) =1 ,4<M=2) M ¢o".M8 :^ GM8 r"M$1
{<K" <" <X r 51Q ¡"V r a ".1 = &1 r 51Q ¡"V [ >
Corn Meal Agar :!

A ) L
& SG •
{4t 1) !8 [ 81 ,4<=2) =1 ,4<=3) %Q _ :^ G8 r"$1
-109-
Natural Synthetic Media :CB7 :C* SG −|
\
m $ *&
C G81 ,:;t
1K8 _8 -
&8 KO _8 G8 ;t MK! mM r"M$
,PDA <c 5 98C < > K$1 Potato Dextrose Agra D1t.;1 O ! M= mM5
m EQ# G81 {KO _8 -;$ > *e V ,:;t "5 X m M$ ]M GM8 GM1
: 8
:PDA e%B 5*>C

& SG •
\
93 F$1 98C *8 K8 > U ! m b;C G8 D1t.M;1 O !M M= mM5
,4<=2) =1 ,4<=2) D1t.M;_1 ,4<M=2) O M!5 :^ GM8 r"M$1 {=
M Mc1 MK
{4t1) [ 81
:^ ; <""
#& O 8C
Á
% V [ 8 L!($1 <=2 rD5 %a+ K8 (M$ r1_ NM!$1 O !M M_ *.Ma$ -
{O F$ rC la$1 ,[ 8 t w5 k1_ > N$ <X , _
{ = ]1Q rC X la1 , = <=2 U &1 ,Wc8 w5 N @e Ut <" -
\
F$ ¡"V = |$1 ,[ 8 t m *M$1 ,r 51QM ¡M"V :M1 ,D1t.M;_ <M= 2
M <"M -
{<K$1 m sK$ <X ,. 7"8
Nutrient Agar :Àu

& SG •
f_+ ;1 ,4<=5) r"51 ,4<=2) %§ ¢o".M81 ,4<M=1) <M ¢o".M8 :^ GM8 r"M$
{4t1) [ 81 ,4<=15) =1 ,4<=5)
= &1 ,7.3 pH < &1 ,[ > 5R5 1 , t " m EQM# fo".M$
{m <K$1 ]Q1
:CB7 SG −
m $ G81 ,
1; ;8 G8 r"$1 ;t Q;1 ,:;t
1K8 m5 ;t mM
:^s 8
Czapek Dox Agra :5BL oG8 •

,4<=5) f.a ";1 ,4<=5) fc $5 ;1 ,4<=2) f_F tM :M$ ;M ]QM$
{4<=1) D1V ";1
-110-
,4<=1) W=13 / X fc $5 c
1 ,*85 # [ G8 deC ; :G8 e M} Mn <MX
\
<K$ <X , = <=2 - &1 :" N8 ~ $ 13 ¤ b ,
<" {4<M=3) D1Mc1
{m
{Penicillium f. 51 Aspergillus =cA !
$ > m EQ# fo".$
:‫ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻤﻞ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ‬5H4

EQ# * "$ V , T *8 K$ /" 7.3 > Mb1 *aa"M lM %M MH M8 _M8 /M# aFM
\
/,!c N _8 -aF$ /" %_ > ]1Q$ 1C ,r 8 fD@5$1 8 N8 ; 8 aF
8o". aF <#C r
8 F51 { - K" _ [=3 $ -8 H1 ;±F . lM
:/# 98C *K8 >
:m R=/ | RL6 uCw −

<= 0,3 4]) r_c _cC
*8 75 %95 * b ,;
*8 25 !8 [ 8
{! [ & <X , > aF 5R \A1C <" w
#&,"1
:m R=/ .D%+C T/%7= uCw −|

4) }
<= 2 /7. 5 ".;
*8 20 %95 * b ,;
4]) }
<= 0,8 f8C A .;
*8 80 !8 [ 8
{U1 4]) } 4) } & <X ,%V l } *; n
:m R=/ 7 uCw −

<= 0,25 W +
*8 10 %95 * b ,;
*8 100 !8 [ 8
{ Ut <" <X ,[ &$ <X ,, > aF ]Q$
-111-
:m R=/ B^ 1 −L
<= 5 ;@ eC
*8 100 !8 [ 8
:m R=/ - U O

e −~
<= 1 WC kDC
*8 100 %85 * b ,;
{ #1 r! <,

1 W.;$H *b8 deC a+ =$ ;
*; PC ,L3 > 0.5 –0.1 .5 *

";@ , &$ /"1 G! kDC aF5 ! ¨FM$
r"$ aF EQ# fo"c 51 aF k,.8 G8 <= 0.5 –0.1 wM &M *M
";@ M} tM
{kD3 r 5 !
-112-
? C+ I72G GwP m + !C 70%k . −1

cC+ I7 {7 −2
cC+ I7 9C% ./ J: 7B −3
cC+ I7
> J"7 WC/ −4
: ' | !7 m ,C6+ !7 G G
−5
{!o"1 ' " – {f1 1V −
{k13 l u U – {f" −
{ " – {5O1 I W5 ]Q5Q" −
{<O! > !e k13 F
– {7.g /K −
{ > /= " r" – {k13 :b$ −
{D > _$ – {% =_ > a$ −
{7 X l ( K. – { KO > a$ −
{<O! > P# ! G −
cC+ I72 ³ #/+ ./ O7> L −6
?7> ?/=C G O7 −7
?6? 9B ® −8
? 7 C+ Q ->/ 7 C+ ,<¦ ./
2 . −9
? !
7$ &
L '
U m +
2 . −10
: J- −11
{ l v 8 2 A UA −
{ $ l * !"$ ! −
{r1 r .i Qa" $ 983 pK5 5 F *+ , V@+ f −
?f q" m .²#/ |=67= .0H |=67= G O7 −12
?f q" m {^B2 m1% b R7 G O7 −13
cC+ I7 J;: ' 0Au SC L −14
cC+ I7 J;: ' K/% , uC r 7B −15
c H$ 0 r 7B −16
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−3
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{ fo"c1 1$ - $ := [=i Q;1 #2C1 6 8o"c
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{ T 5 +i 1C #_K$ G8 *" 1C , #_O 1C ,
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Fungicides !
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Nematocides _$ 8 −_
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òîäÐÛa@pbzÜİ—¾a@†‹/ß
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Pellets 3
Rhizoglyphus robini F53 B1 ;C
Bryobia praetiosa <c B1 ;C
Cenopalpus pulcher ! " B1 ;C
Cenopalpus lanceolatisetae ! B1 ;C
Brevipalpus californicus ]R & B1 ;C
Colomerus vitis / ! :K B1 ;C
Tenuipalpus granati ! :K B1 ;C
Panonychus ulmi 113 °3 K B1 ;C
Petrobia latens / B1 ;C
Eutetranychus orientalis / B1 ;C
Phytoptus pyri 4db <5 B1 ;C) db k1C b5 B1 ;C
Aceria ficus W" <5 B1 ;C
Aceria mangiferae 7 <5 B1 ;C
Aceria sheldoni <5 B1 ;C
Aceria lycopersici <O! k1C 9 5 B1 ;C
Aculops lycopersici <O! C+ B1 ;C
Tegonotus mangiferae 7 C+ B1 ;C
Phyllocoptruta oleivora 4¦ B1 ;C) C+ B1 ;C
Acari < 1C c1 ;3
Aerosols Ac13
Aspergillus =cA
Sternum tcA
Aerosols Ac1A
Penicillium f. 5
Anopheles arabiensis @ * 9K
lcerya purchasi £tcA /
-148-
-D P u-G -> G7: u-G ->
Cimex lectularius u 5
Oxycarenus hyalinipennis G! %Q5 5
Nezara viridula [0
Pleura
Natural Synthetic Media ;$ KO m5
Potato Dextrose Agra D1t.;1 O ! = m5
Corn Meal Agar %Q _ = m5
Nutrient Agar PQa = m5
Physical Poisons K! -+o5 X$
Fumigation o"
Thrips tabaci G! 5$
Tergum =t
Czapek Dox Agra ;1_ 5 ($
Metamorphosis > !"
Reproduction MM( > X M"
Cuticle I
Granules V
Mode of action
<.= l #Xs$ O :.V
Mode of Entry
<.= He_ O :.V
Carduelis yemenensis / r.
Apis mellifira *.K *,1 * V
Lepisma cincata ¦ . %V
Aonidiella aurantii [ %
Microtermes yemenensis 43) p53 * %V
Sminthurus viridis <c k1C %
%V
Snails 4N ) 1
Tenuipalpus punicae ]R r 8 <V
Tetranychus urticae W"K PR K <V
Treron waalia [0 8
-149-
-D P u-G -> G7: u-G ->
Columba livia 4*K) oF 8 °
Streptopelia senegalensis 4 ! , I) *o 8 °
Henosplachna platevii [ b [ . e
Emberiza tahapisi
i oF c_
Bombyx mori L %_1_
Agrotis ipsilon %_1
Heliothis armigera <O! X %_1_
Spodoptera littoralis G! k1 %_1_
Bemisia tabaci [ & 5 5Q
Syrphus aegyptius ct
. 5 5R
Ceratitis capitata -; 5 5R
Bactrocera zonata ?0 X 5 5R
Order Lepidoptera M,=3 M UV M( M$
Order Diptera 4,=3 X) WV MI R $
Order Hymenoptera ,=3 M( M( M$
Order Coleoptera MM,=3 M M( M$
Order Isoptera ,=3 1 M."8 M( M$
Order Homoptera M,=3 T ("8 M( M$
Order Orthoptera M,=3 M".8 M( $
Order Hemiptera M,=3 M F M( M$
Order Thysanoptera ,=3 5# M( M$
Order Odonata U $
Order Dictyoptera / B
1 +S $
Order Dectyoptera ¡ B
1 +S $
Order Mallophage 9 * $
Order Dermaptera ,=3 = $
Order Lepidoptera ,=3 UV $
Order Siphonaptera ,=3
e $
Order Diptera /V I R $
-150-
-D P u-G -> G7: u-G ->
Order Thysanura PK( :Q R $
Order Collembola
:Q R $
Order Collembola M
:MQ R M$
Order Ephemeroptera 8 5 5R $
Order Neuroptera ,=3 U $
Order Trichoptera ,=3 KU $
Order Hymenoptera ,=3 ( $
Order Coleoptera ,=3 $
Order Isoptera ,=3 1 ."8 $
Order Homoptera ,=3 T ("8 $
Order Orthoptera ,=3 ".8 $
Order Strepsiptera ,=3 "8 $
Order Hemiptera ,=3 F $
Order Thysanoptera ,=3 5# $
Low volume spray aF <7 5 u
High volume spray <7 5 u
Ultra Low Volume aF /# " <7 5 u
Vespa orientalis 4°3 ) D
Cephus tabidus P ( ! D
Turdusmenachensis .
Protoplasmic Poisons fD@5$1 l X$ fc
Flagellum ?(
Estrilda rufibarba K /KU
Blatella geemanica ¤ 3 +S
Periplaneta americana /83 +S
Blatha orientalis / +S
Gas formulations D a F
Dusting K" O
Poison baits 8 . fK!
-151-
-D P u-G -> G7: u-G ->
Subclass Pterygota ,7 M( M mO
Apterygota Subclass ,M=3 M mO
Pedicel kQK
Passer domesticus P1 FK
Passer euchlorus K /#Q FK
Arachnida $K
Safety Period r 83 %t
Pergularia tomentosa M / B
Antennae K("cA r1

Exopterygota ,=3 = 0 <.
Endopteregota ,=3 e_ <.
Galerida cristata =" %
Seeds dressing 1Q c ;
Active Ingredient KÁ %_
Pesticide
Bactericides t 8
Herbicides ' ( 8
Acaricides < 8
Algaecides : ,! 8
Avicides ! 8
Rodenticides 9 8
Molluscides N 8
Nematocides _$ 8
Insecticides V 8
Fungicides !
8
Vnessa cardui _ C `
Oil Solutions " * ,
Dispersible Granules ("@ 5 ,
Anguina tritici 4 *sX) P_$ 98
-152-
-D P u-G -> G7: u-G ->
Emulsifiable Concentration ]@,"c@ *5 ;8
Oil Concentrates " ;
Emulsifable Concentrates (E.C) ]@,"c@ 5 ;
Invert-emulsifiable cK ]@,"c@ 5 ;
Aqueous Concentrate ;
Dust bases or Concentrates 4c c3) %; V .
Emulsion Oil in Water [ > :,".8
Emulsion Water in Oil > [ :,".8
Malt Extract Agra ¢o".8
Wetable Powder * *5 k,.8
Dustable Powder K" *5 k,.8
Soluble Powder r 51Q *5 k,.8
Seed Dressing
= %F5 1Q @8 K k,.8
Soil treatment 5t 8 K8
Seed Treatment P1 " 8 K8
Trunk Treatment Y1QI 8 K8
Flowables
" 5 K
Aphis gossypii G! G8
Adjuvants
i _
Aedes aegypti & ¡ *
Meloidogyne spp 1QI K$ _$
-153-
Š†b—¾aë@Éua‹¾a@òàöbÓ
5K – G j <#5 ¿ _ {C¿ j$ – 51 M_ ¿LMs$ – M 9M8C Mc cC −1
{%# – ND"1
; – <V } ¿_ – * o8 Mc ¿_ – ³1MK W.MV ¿_ – MK M 9M8C −2
{ci K8 = –
– <c ° /n G5 } ¿_ ,KU } /V ¿_ – K c kO −K M 9M8C −3
{_Kc K8 =
/ <K" 8 K .c – b # K 8 – ^ | "i <. – 98C c cC −4
{_K. 5K – /- :"1
_ M ¿ jM$ − _ M@51 M51 ¿LMs$ – 7MU3 9M8C <MK *MK1 *M *M_ −5
{ "o K8 = – 1
{$ K8 = (8 − %( (5 ¿_ – w 5C } / ¿_ – K 98C −6
K8 = (8 – /O c ¡ !F8 ¿ j$ – _ { | { _ ; ¿ Ls$ {P-" < −7
{ PD a5
{_3 K8 I – ; – r1e1 v <K ¿_ − K 8 K −8
K8 = (8 ,E; } w8V ¿C ,§ w= ¿C LMs$ – MK [MI – f MK M <M −9
{$
<K" 8 K .c b # K 8 − ^ | "i <. −¤ b LF _ F" MV −10
_K. 5K − /- :"1 /
5t %D1 – c / ! PMU ,_ FM LM! M LMc ¿LMs$ – -"M,
81 M −11
{5K S8 -j – <K"1
{r_3 – /- <K" -8 1 −12
-154-
K8 = – K B W.V ¿_ − k1F P-8 & ¿c – Ls$ – K f K < −13
{_a5
{(8_ – w; K wK8 = (8 4K [I )

,
8 42001) <U # 8_ −14
G8 ¤ b LF 4 1 ) ^ | "i # 8 4 2005) # M M!$1 <FM" M8 K %_i −15
{_K. 5K – /- :"1 / <K" 8 K .c – P b / <K"
4 1 ¤ b LF ] ";) /M <MK" # M8,K" * Mc1 # M M8 K M −16
{U H _3 – <K"1 5t %D1 – 4 – P) b b %V
(8 – K5 K! 4K [I) ,

8 41999) 8 ( 5C r18 } {_ – %c PD
{_ −17
{(8_ K8 =
-155-

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:-$ Jw Q R7S

:R7S- G( J : −

¡1 :| 15−1 J=E ¡1 : 15−1 J=E

{ -; 8C > We" 5 1C 8 . fK! fo"c 5 <""

:&  mB 1−9−1

cC+-  -$ ,CC% ./

!#$ -( !#$ %&

#$ ' §^% U :2−2 J=E

:‫ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺸﺮﺓ‬3H1

-/K %( )*+ z  L7( !#$ !

/!(8  K("cA r r ;Q /

: b& 2−1−2

J%: J uE '  b& :8−2 J=E

+ GGA '  b& :9−2 J=E

) L  '   b& :10−2 J=E

I :C x3  '  9 3  b& :11−2 J=E

{ > r K G8 r   # :#$ ' R : 3−1−2

8 83 *=3 > ; ¢  %,"M8 *M=C -

_7 M 0 *M=3 > M; − M *M=C -

{416−2) *U ,

 a( 0 *=3 > ; [Qa Nj *M=C -

%MM MM 0 *MM=3 > MM; fMM *MM=C -

%C% !#" ' N :- !: J&

 V ,r .i * %V > ; MK$ *M=C -

L7( ' `-( +( :22−2 J=E

5+k ' MB `;u +( :23−2 J=E

.E7$ +( :24−2 J=E

MM MM$ > MM; :.08  + & -

.08u +( :25−2 J=E

F  $ > ; :. +& -

.+ +( :26−2 J=E

MM MM$ > MM; :  + & -

5G '  +( :27−2 J=E

:m>C 0e 2−3−2

:7BA ' L%  •

:2 ;H !+ 1-1-3

:G:- Lu 4-1-3

:`B7 .C: e,( 1-3-3

#$ ' .C: e,( :35−2 J=E

:.>% .C: e,( 3-3-3

?#$ ' %(

‫‪70‬‬ ‫ ‪!" YC‬‬

108 C+ I7 J;: ' K/% L2

132 CG 7<F/ + 2 :6P

148 + -> LV

`7D" 7; 7G\ Lc

:w C 3 #$ 2−1−1

O 2 : G Gw\ I7 2−1 J=E

:72 C < R%

: K L 4- 7−1−1

:> ,C( JK+ −

Emberiza tahapisi :7P

Turdusmenachensis :+; +;% −

Passer euchlorus :7: .CA

Treron waalia :bk M$ −Y

Estrilda rufibarba :7:

:, -$ 47: 1−7−1

{ .".8 1C 8 -", *K1 , - $ O D

:-$ Jw Q R7S

:R7S- G( J: −

¡1 :| 15−1 J=E ¡1 : 15−1 J=E

{ -; 8C > We" 5 1C 8 . fK! fo"c 5 <""

:& mB 1−9−1

cC+- -$ ,CC% ./

!#$ -( !#$ %&

#$ ' §^% U :2−2 J=E

-/K %( )*+ z L7( !#$ !

/!(8 K("cA r r ;Q /

: b& 2−1−2

J%: J uE ' b& :8−2 J=E

+ GGA ' b& :9−2 J=E

) L ' b& :10−2 J=E

I:C x3 ' 9 3 b& :11−2 J=E

{ > rK G8 r # :#$ ' R: 3−1−2

8 83 =3 > ; ¢ %,"M8 M=C -

_7 M 0 M=3 > M; − M M=C -

{416−2) *U ,

a( 0 =3 > ; [Qa Nj M=C -

%MM MM 0 MM=3 > MM; fMM MM=C -

%C% !#" ' N:- !: J&

V ,r .i %V > ; MK$ M=C -

L7( ' `-( +( :22−2 J=E

5+k ' MB `;u +( :23−2 J=E

.E7$ +( :24−2 J=E

MM MM$ > MM; :.08 + & -

.08u +( :25−2 J=E

F $ > ; :. +& -

.+ +( :26−2 J=E

MM MM$ > MM; : + & -

5G ' +( :27−2 J=E

:m>C 0e 2−3−2

:7BA ' L% •

:2 ;H !+ 1-1-3

:G:- Lu 4-1-3

:`B7 .C: e,( 1-3-3

#$ ' .C: e,( :35−2 J=E

:.>% .C: e,( 3-3-3

?#$ ' %(

c#$ ' §^% U {7 −2

W -/K =E 7B ,,0f m -= cc#$ ' %$ 0 m

c,+ J= -3 7B W ,#$ ' J&

:‫ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬1H1

:‫ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﻴﺔ‬2H1

:‫ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﺍﺕ‬3H1

Subclass Apterygota : +&2 ; #$ S* 1−4−1

Subclass Pterygota :+D 7 8$ S* 2−4−1

: h − ,=3 [( :.V − W. W. ,7 mO <.$1

Division-II: Endopteregota :+&2 -1L #$ % : 3 % •

¯ o;% !#" :1−3 J=E

Order Collembola :‫ ﺭﺗﺒﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻓﺰ‬2H2

L7( !#" :3−3 J=E

.C+ i7 :4−3 J=E

Order Isoptera :‫ ﺭﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﺴﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺤﺔ‬5H2

G2 J;+ #" :5−3 J=E

bk C :6−3 J=E

Order Homoptera :‫ﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺤﺔ‬‫ ﺭﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﺸﺎ‬7H2

Order Thysanoptera :‫ ﺭﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻫﺪﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺤﺔ‬8H2

5G !#" :10−3 J=E

Order Diptera :(‫ ﺭﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﲔ )ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺤﺔ‬10H2

,B GG :13−3 J=E

Order Hymenoptera :‫ ﺭﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻏﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺤﺔ‬11H2