Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.

com/abstract=1874778
Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1874778
Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1874778
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 1

Transformative Use
Concept
.8
Proportion of Opinions

.6

.4

Expressly
'Transformative'
.2

0
1995 2001 2006
Year

≤
 1

.8
Not Fair Use
Proportion of Opinions

.6

.4

.2

Market Harm

0
1978 1985 1990 1995 2001 2006
Year
 1

.8
Proportion of Opinions

.6

.4

.2

0
1978 1985 1990 1995 2001 2006
Year
 1

.8
Proportion of Opinions

.6

.4

.2

0
1978 1985 1990 1995 2001 2006
Year