Integrated Reservoir Management
Abdus Satter, SPE, James E. Varnon, SPE, and Muu T. Hoang, SPE, Texaco Inc.
Summary
The modem reservoir management process involves goal setting,
planning, implementing, monitoring, evaluating, and revising
plans. Setting a reservoir management strategy requires knowl-
edge of the reservoir, technology, and an understanding of the
business, political, and environmental climates. Formulating a
comprehensive management plan involves depletion and devel-
opment strategies, data acquisition and analyses, geological and
numerical model studies, production and reserves forecasts,
knowledge of facilities requirements, economic optimization, and
management approval. Implementing the plan requires manage-
ment support; field personnel commitment; and multidisciplinary,
integrated teamwork. Project success depends on careful monitor-
ing/surveillance and thorough ongoing evaluation of its perfor-
mance. If the actual performance of the project does not agree with
the expected performance, the original plan should be revised and
the c~cle (implementing, monitoring, and evaluating) reactivated.
This paper presents sound reservoir management concepts and
methods including a team approach based on integration of geosci-
ence and engineering professionals, tools, technology, and data.
Introduction
The newest industry buzz word, reservoir management, has re-
ceived significant attention in recent years. Various panel, forum,
seminar, and technical sessions l -6 provided the framework for in-
formation sharing and exchanging ideas on many practical aspects
of integrated, sound reservoir management. The needs to enhance
recovery from the vast amount of remaining oil and gas in place
around the world and to compete globally require better reservoir
management practices.
A reservoir's life begins with exploration, which leads to dis-
covery; reservoir delineation; field development; production by
primary, secondary and tertiary means; and abandonment (Fig. 1).
Sound reservoir management is the key to successful operation of
the reservoir throughout its entire life. It is a continuous process,
unli~e h?w the baton is passed in traditional E&P organizations.
Hlstoncally, some form of reservoir management has been prac-
ticed only when a major expenditure is planned, such as original
field development or waterflood installation. The reservoir manage-
ment studies at these specific times were not integrated; i.e., differ-
ent disciplines did their part separately. During the last 20 years,
however, greater emphasis has been put on synergism between en-
gineering and geosciences.7- 11 Halbouty7 stated in 1977: "It is the
duty and responsibility of industry managers to encourage full coor-
dination of geologists, geophysicists, and petroleum engineers to
advance petroleum exploration, development, and production." De-
spite the emphasis, progress in integration has been slow.
Many leading-edge technological advances have been achieved
in geophysics, geology, petrophysics, production, and reservoir
engineering. Mainframe supercomputers, more powerful personal
computers, and workstations are providing ever-increasing com-
puting power and more efficient database management systems.
The technological advances and computer tools (i.e., 3D seismic
surveys, cross-well seismology, horizontal wells, geostatistics,
EOR processes, and facilities automation) can facilitate better res-
ervoir management, enhancing economic recovery of hydrocar-
bons (Fig. 2). Even a small percent increase in recovery efficiency
could amount to significant additional recovery and profit. These
Copyright 1992. Society of Petroleum Engineers. Inc.
Original SPE manuscript. Reservoir Management: A Technical Perspective, received
for review Oct. 19. 1992. Revised manuscript received Aug. 1. 1994. Paper accepted for
publicatIon Aug. 16. 1994. Paper (SPE 22350) first presented atthe 1992 SPE IntI. Meeting
on Petroleum Engineering held in Beijing. China. March 24-27.
JPT • December 1994
incentives and challenges should provide the motivation to prac-
tice sound reservoir management.
This paper provides management, engineers, geologists, geo-
physicists, and field operations staff a better understanding of the
practical approach to reservoir management involving multidisci-
plinary, integrated team efforts.
Reservoir Management Concepts
Sound reservoir management requires use of both human and
technological resources for maximizing profits. Reservoirs have
been managed every day for more than 100 years; the task of man-
agement is not in question. However, the quality of management
is at stake. A number of windows of opportunity for improving
reservoir management practices exist.
The Crisman Inst. for Petroleum Reservoir Management at Tex-
as A&M U. published a manual for petroleum reservoir manage-
ment proposing an integrated approach to reservoir manage-
ment. 12 This manual, which is the first of its kind, tried to present
from a nontechnical standpoint a thorough understanding of the
various aspects of reservoir management.
The first treatment of integrated reservoir management in book
form was recently published.13 It focuses on reservoir manage-
ment as a whole by integrating the technologies and activities of
the many disciplines involved.
Haldorsen and Van Golf-Raacht l4 presented a philosophy of
managing reservoirs from exploration to abandonment. The pro-
cess of designing economically optimum field developments was
discussed at great length, with emphasis on reservoir description
and the interaction of disciplines.
The panel talks given by Wiggins and Startzman,15 Joumel,16
Raza,17 Thakur,18 Stiles,19 and Satter20 provide in-depth discus-
sions of many aspects of reservoir management.
Definition of Reservoir Management. A number of authors
have defined reservoir management recently. 10,12.14.20,21 Basical-
ly, sound reservoir management practice relies on the use of avail-
able resources (human, technological, and financial) to maximize
profits from a reservoir by optimizing recovery while minimizing
capital investments and operating expenses (Fig. 3).
Reservoir management involves making certain choices: let it
happen or make it happen. We can leave it to chance to generate
some profit from a reservoir operation without ongoing deliberate
planning, or we can enhance recovery and maximize profit from
the same reservoir through sound management practices.
Reservoir Management Approach. Timing. The ideal time to
start managing a reservoir is at discovery. 10 However, it is never
too late to initiate a well-thought-out, coordinated reservoir man-
agement program. An early start not only provides better overall
project planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation but
also saves money in the long run, maximizing the profits.
Integration of Geoscience and Engineering. Synergy and
team concepts are the essential elements for integration of geosci-
ence and engineering. Integration involves people, technology,
tools, and data (Fig. 4). Its success depends on the following.
I. An overall understanding of the reservoir management pro-
cess, technology, and tools through integrated training 20 and inte-
grated job assignments.
2. Openness, flexibility, communication, and coordination.
3. Working as a team.
4. Persistence.
It is becoming more recognized that reservoir management is not
synonymous with reservoir engineering and/or reservoir geology.
Success requires multidisciplinary, integrated team efforts. The
players are everyone who has anything to do with the reservoir
1057
 Data
.Geological
Discovery .Geophysical Tools
.Engineering .Seismic Interpretation
Basin " - .Financial • Tomography
Technology
Play~

/
·Seismic
• Geologic _
t
Integration_
• Data Acquisition
.logging/Coring
.Completions &
Prospect • Geostatistics
• Engineering
.Drilling & Completions
t
People
Facilities
.Geologic Modeling

.Management • Pressure Transient

.Enhanced Oil Recovery
.Geoscientists .Fracturing
• Environmental
.Engineers .Reservoir Simulators
.Computer
.landILegal .Enhanced Oil Recovery

.Field .• Computer Software &

Secondary .Financial Hardware

Fig. 4-Reservoir management.

Fig. 1-Reservoir life process.

Sound Management
~
- -
Technological Advances
Recovery
Efficiency
~

'" --- Secondary

rimary

Reservoir Life Computing Power

Fig. 2-Why sound reservoir management?

Profits
• Maximize Profits
Fig. 5-Reservoir management team.

(Fig. 5). The team members must work together as a well-coordi-

ft , nated "basketball team" rather than a "relay team" I 8 to ensure de-

velopment and execution of the reservoir management plan. By
crossing traditional boundaries and integrating functions, corpo-

~ rate resources are utilized better to achieve the common goal.

Nowadays, it is becoming common for large reservoir studies
to be integrated through a team approach. However, reservoir
management teams are being set up only at key investment times
Capital Investments of major expenditure!>. Although this is a step in the right direction,
what is missing today is ongoing multidisciplinary reservoir man-
agement efforts for all significant reservoirs.
Mere creation of a team does not guarantee integration and thus
• Make Choices success. Team skills, team authority, team compatibility with the
line management structure, and overall understanding of the reser-
Production - Let It Happen voir management process by all team members are essential for
Rate project success. In reality, the solution to our reservoir manage-
- Make It Happen ment problem is not just forming a team. It is not that easy. The
team members face many questions and concerns.
I. Who should set goals and make reservoir management deci-
sions? Is it still the division production manager? Does the team
have that authority?
2. Who is the team's boss? Who is responsible for allocation of
time and career development?
Teams need a company organization and culture to be effective.
A key question arises as to the management of the integrated
teams that usually consist of geoscientists and engineers. Accord-
ing to the prevalent old system, team members are still responsible
to their own functional heads. New systems are now evolving to
Time provide better working environments for teams through organiza-
tion by assets, wherein a given department is responsible for all
Fig. 3-What is Reservoir Management? E&P activities of specific company properties. This organization

1058 December 1994 • JPT

brings mUltidisciplinary professionals together to work on proj- Geology Recovery Mechanisms
ects in the department. However, asset-based organization is not
a cure-all for integration. Professional development and adminis-
trative management of team members are key issues that must be
solved. Engineers and geoscientists on the same organizational
team can segregate and do their parts separately.
Sessions and Lehman22 advocated increased interaction be-
tween geologists and reservoir engineers through multifunctional
teams and cross-training between the disciplines. Texaco's inte-
grated reservoir management training for !eoscientists and engi-
neers is designed to address exactly this. 2
Persistence will be required for true integration. Geoscientists Rock Fluid
and engineers do not communicate well with each other. Recog-
nizing that integration is beneficial is not sufficient. True integra-
tion will require persistent boosting by cross-training, mission
statements, organizational changes, team skill training, etc. Even
with all this, integration will still be difficult.

Reservoir Management Process

The modern reservoir management process involves establishing
a purpose or strategy; developing, implementing, and monitoring
the plan, and evaluating the results (Fig. 6). No component of res-
ervoir management is independent of the others. Integration of all
is essential for successful reservoir management. It is dynamic and
ongoing. As additional data become available, the reservoir man- Fluid Flow Past Performance
agement plan is refined and implemented with appropriate
changes. Evaluation or revision is often ignored today. Reservoir
management strategies should be written and updated periodical-
ly. Through persistency, we can ensure ongoing attention to all the
steps of the reservoir management process.
While a comprehensive program for reservoir management is
highly desirable, every reservoir may not warrant such a detailed

Reservoir Management
Fig. 7-Reservoir knowledge.
Process
program because of cost-effectiveness. However, the keys to suc-
cess are to have a management program (comprehensive or not)
and implement it from the start.

Establishing Purpose or Strategy

Recognizing the specific need and setting a realistic and achiev-
able purpose are the first steps in reservoir management. The key
elements for setting reservoir management strategy are reservoir
characteristics, the total environment, and available technology.
Understanding these elements is a prerequisite to establishing
short- and long-term strategies for managing reservoirs.

Reservoir Characteristics. The nature of the reservoir being

managed is of vital importance in setting its management strategy.
Understanding the nature of the reservoir requires knowledge of
the geology, rock and fluid properties, fluid flow and recovery
Revising mechanisms, drilling and well completions, and past production
performance (Fig. 7).

Total Environment. Understanding the following environments

is essential in developing management strategy and effectiveness.
1. Corporate-goals, financial strength, culture, and attitude.
2. Political-stability, legal, and regulatory environment.
3. Economic-business climate, oiVgas prices, inflation, capi-
tal, and personnel availability.
4. Social--conservation, safety, and environmental regula-
tions.
5. Political--climate.
Completing ] Technology and Technological Toolbox. The success of reser-
voir management depends on the reliability and proper use of the
technology being applied in exploration, drilling and completions,
Fig. 6-Reservoir management process. recovery processes, and production. Many technological ad-

JPT • December 1994 1059

 TABLE 1-TECHNOLOGICAL TOOLBOX

Geophysics Geology Production Engineering Reservoir Engineering

20 seismic Core description Economics Portfolio management
3D seismic Thin-sections Data acquisition and Log analysis
Cross-hole tomography Microscopes management Transient well tests
Vertical seismic profile Image analysis Well simulation Log analysis
Multicomponent seismic X-ray Pipeflow simulation Conventional core analysis
Shear-wave logging Stable isotope analysis Wellbore simulation Computed tomography scan,
Depositional models Nodal analysis nuclear magnetic
Geochemistry Diagenetic models Subsea pumping and resonance
Fingerprinting Structural modeling metering Fluid analysis
Maps, cross sections Decline-curve analysis
Database Management Remote sensing Drilling/Completion Material balance
Horizontal drilling Waterflood
Industry standard Streamtube Models
Petrotechnical open software Subsea completion
Reservoir simulation
system Geostatistics
EOR screening
EOR technology
Expert systems
Neural networks

vances have been made in these areas (Table I), offering opportu-
nitie)l that mayor may not be appropriate for every reservoir.
[ Developing Plan 1
Developing a Plan
Fonnulating a comprehensive plan, the next step in reservoir man-
agement, is essential for project success. A multidisciplinary, inte-
grated team consisting of the following professionals can be in
charge of developing an economically viable plan for the reser- Development & Depletion Strategies
voir.
1. Geologists responsible for geological and petrophysical
work.
2. Reservoir engineers responsible for providing production
and reserves forecasts and economic evaluations.
3. Drilling and completion engineers responsible for drilling,
( Environmental Considerations )
and completing wells.
4. Equipment engineers responsible for designing surface, sub-
sea, and subsurface facilities.
5. Structural engineers responsible for designing platfonns and
~
production decks for offshore projects. Data Acquisition & Analyses
6. Other professionals, if needed (production and pipeline engi-
neers, land managers, etc.).
The makeup of the team and the number of professionals on it
will depend on the size ofthe project. The professional with over-
all knowledge of reservoir management would be the logical team Geological & Numerical
leader. Model Studies
The plan should be carefully worked out, which involves many
time-consuming development steps (Fig. 8).

Development and Depletion Strategy. The most important as-

+
pect of reservoir management deals with the operational strategies ( Production & Reserves Forecasts )
for depleting the reservoir to recover petroleum by primary and

~
applicable secondary and tertiary methods.
Development and depletion strategies depend on the lifecycle
stage of the reservoir. In a new discovery, we need to address the
question of how best to develop the field-well spacing, well con-
figuration, and recovery schemes. If the reservoir has been de-
( Facilities ReqUirements)
pleted by primary means, secondary and even tertiary recovery
schemes need to be investigated.

Environmental Considerations. In developing and subsequent-

ly operating a field, environmental and ecological considerations
Economic Optimization
have to be included. Regulatory agency constraints must be also
satisfied. These are very sensitive and important aspects ofthe res-
ervoir management process.

Data Acquisition and Analysis. An enonnous amount of data is

( Management Approval )
collected and analyzed during the life of a reservoir. Fig. 9 shows
the data needed before and during production. Reservoir manage-
Fig. 8-Developing plan.
ment requires a thorough knowledge of the reservoir, which can be

1060 December 1994 • JPI'

 Plan, Justify
Time, Prioritize
Before During
Production Production
Collect and
Analyze
Validate/Store
Data Base
Geologic
Seismic
Logging Well Pressure
Coring Production
RFT,DST Injection
Fluid Special
Fig. 9-Data acquisition & analysis.
gained through an integrated, efficient data management program
involving all functions from the beginning. The program should es-
tablish the need for the data requirement with a costibenefit analy-
sis. Raza 17 suggests a data acquisition program consisting of plan-
ning, collection/methodology, timeliness, and flexibility. Data
analysis requires a great deal of effort, scrutiny, and innovation. The
key steps are (I) to plan, justify, time, and prioritize; (2) to collect
and analyze; and (3) to validate/store the information. The data
should be stored in a common computer database for future use
and should be accessible to all interdisciplinary end users.
Geological and Numerical Model Studies. The reservoir model
is an integrated geoscience and engineering model to be built
jointly by geoscientists and engineers. The accuracy of the reser-
voir production performance analysis is dictated by the quality of
the reservoir model. The geological model is derived by extending
localized core and log measurements to the full reservoir using
such technologies as geophysics, mineralogy, depositional envi-
ronment, and diagenesis. The geological model, particularly the
definition of geological units and their continuity and compart-
mentalization, is an integral part of geostatistical and thus reser-
voir simulation models. The engineering model is concerned with
rock and fluid properties, fluid flow and recovery mechanisms,
drilling, completions, production, and injection.
Production and Reserves Forecasts. The economic viability of a
petroleum recovery project is greatly influenced by the reservoir
production performance under the current and future operating
conditions. Therefore, evaluation of the past and present reservoir
performance and forecast of its future behavior are essential in the
reservoir management process (Fig. 10). Classical volumetric, ma-
terial-balance, and decline-curve analysis methods and high-
technology black-oil, compositional, and EOR numerical simula-
tors are used for analyzing reservoir performance and estimating
reserves.
JPI' • December 1994
FIg.1O-Production & reserves forecasts.
Reservoir simulators play a very important role in providing
production and reserves forecasts needed for developing a reser-
voir management plan and monitoring, evaluating, and operating
the reservoir. The simulators can simulate many lives for the reser-
voir under different scenarios and thus provide a very powerful
tool to optimize reservoir operations. 23
Historically, reservoir simulators have been used for studying
large fields and fields undergoing complex recovery processes.
They have not been suitable for small reservoirs because the simula-
tion studies are costly, require highly trained professionals, and are
too time-consuming for an operating department environment. This
is changing. Satter et at. 24 discuss the role of a minisimulation tech-
nique using personal computers in managing small reservoirs.
Facilities Requirements. Production performance results are
used to estimate facilities requirements. Facilities are the actual
physical link to the reservoir. Everything we do to the reservoir, we
do through the facilities including drilling, completion, pumping,
injecting, processing, and storing. Proper design and maintenance
of facilities has a profound effect on profitability. The facilities
must be capable of carrying out the reservoir management plan,
but they cannot be wastefully designed. Estimates of the capital
and operating costs based on the facilities requirements are used
for economic analyses.
Economic Optimization. Economic optimization is the ultimate
goal of reservoir management. With estimated production, capital,
operating expenses, and financial data, project economics are eva-
luated. Fig. 11 presents key steps involved in economic optimiza-
tion.
Management Approval. The final step in developing a reservoir
management plan requires management approval and support.
Example Development Plan. To illustrate how to develop a res-
ervoir management plan, the original version of this paper25 gives
an example of an optimum development plan for a newly discov-
ered offshore field, analogous to U.S. gulf coast reservoirs. Well
spacing (the number of wells and platforms) and recovery scheme
(primary depletion or primary augmented waterflood) were con-
sidered. A full-field reservoir simulator was constructed to predict
reservoir performance under both primary and waterflood opera-
tions. Also, economic analyses of primary and waterflood opera-
tions under various scenarios were made. Table 2 shows the evalu-
ation results for the cases considered. The 160-acre-spacing case
with the lowest capital investment, development cost, and payout
1061
 TABLE 2-ECONOMIC EVALUATION
Primary Followed
Parameters Primary Development by Waterflood

40-Acre SO-Acre 120-Acre 160-Acre SO-Acre

Investment, $ million 325 222 202 162 220

Oil reserves, MMSTB 40.3 40.3 3S.7 3S.0 81.3
Economic life, years 9 11 15 15 22
Payout, years 5.1 4.S 4.7 4.7 4.9
DCFROI,% 29.0 3S.S 35.S 40.4 42.7
NPV, $ million 112 161 144 157 309
PWI 1.63 2.31 2.15 2.49 3.64
Development costs, $/bbl oil 5.95 3.91 3.62 2.S7 2.1S

time and the highest present worth index (PWI), discounted-cash-
flow return on investment (DCFROI), and next-highest net pre-
sent value (NPV) offered the economically optimum primary de-
velopment plan. Even though the 80-acre case yielded the highest
NPV ($161 million), the additional capital investment of $65 mil-
lion over the 160-acre case only gave an incremental NPV return
of $4 million.
A case with an initial 160-acre primary development followed
by 80-acre, five-spot infill waterflooding after 2 years was consid-
ered. Results of the economic analysis of the waterflood case show
the highest oil reserves, DCFROI, NPV, and PWI and the lowest
development costs per barrel of oil. Therefore, the early water-
flood offers the most profitable means to exploit this field.
Implementation
After management approval of the project development plan, the
next major assignment is to implement it to get production on
stream as soon as possible (Fig. 6). A project manager with full au-
thority is needed to manage the various activities as follows.
1. Design, fabricate, and install surface and subsurface facili-
ties. This critical path for the whole project requires tremendous
efforts and experience to preplan, monitor, and complete the proj-
ect on time.
2. Develop a drilling/completion program.
3. Acquire and analyze necessary logging, coring, and initial
well-test data from the development wells to define reservoir char-
acterization better.
4. Upgrade the reservoir database and revise production and re-
serves forecasts.
Thakur 18 suggests some key ingredients for successfully imple-
menting a plan: (1) make a flexible plan of action, (2) have man-
agement support, (3) get field personnel commitment, and finally
(4) start the plan of action involving all functions. It is critical to
have periodic review meetings with all team members, mostly in
the field offices.
The important reasons for unsuccessfully implementing a plan
are (1) lack of overall knowledge of the project on the part of all
team members, (2) failure to interact and coordinate the various
functional groups, and (3) a delay in initiating the management
process.
Monitoring and Surveillance
Sound reservoir management requires constant monitoring and
surveillance of reservoir performance as a whole to determine
whether the performance is conforming to the management plan.
For the monitoring and surveillance program to be successful,
coordinated efforts of the various functional groups are needed at
the start of production from the field. The engineers, geologists,
and operations personnel should work together on the program
with management support and field personnel commitment. Dedi-
cated and coordinated efforts of the various functional groups are
essential. How extensive the program is will depend on the nature
of the project. Ordinarily, the major areas of monitoring and sur-
veillance involving data acquisition and management include oil,
water, and gas production by wells; gas and water injection by
wells; systematic and periodic static and flowing bottomhole pres-
sure testing of selected wells; production and injection tests; injec-
tion and production profiles; recording of workovers and results;
and anything else that aids surveillance.
For EOR projects, the monitoring and surveillance program is
particularly critical because of the inherent uncertainties.
Evaluating
The plan must be reviewed periodically to ensure that it is being
followed, that it is working, and that it is still the best possible plan.
Its success should be evaluated by comparing actual and antici-
pated reservoir performance.
It would be unrealistic to expect the actual project performance
to match the planned behavior exactly. Therefore, the functional
groups should establish certain technical and economic criteria to
determine project success. The criteria will depend on the nature
ofthe project. A project may be a technical success but an econom-
ic failure.
How is the reservoir management plan working? The answer
lies in a careful evaluation of project performance. Using the crite-
ria set, the functional groups should routinely compare the actual
performance (e.g., reservoir pressure, GOR, WOR, and produc-
tion) with the expected (Fig. 12). In the final analysis, the econom-
ic yardsticks will determine the success or failure of the project.
Revision of Plans and Strategies
Plans and strategies should be revised when reservoir perfor-
mance does not conform to the management plan or when condi-
tions change. Questions that evaluate performance must be asked
and answered on an ongoing basis for sound reservoir manage-
ment.
Abandonment
The reservoir management plan should include the final task of
reservoir abandonment when all the depletion plans have been im-
plemented.
Conclusions
1. Technological advances and computer power are providing
the tools to manage reservoirs better to maximize economic hy-
drocarbon recovery.
2. A team approach based on integration of geoscience and en-
gineering personnel, tools, technology, and data is essential for
sound reservoir management practice.
3. The reservoir management practice involving goal setting,
planning, implementing, monitoring, evaluating, and revising ini-
tial plans holds the key to successful operation of the reservoir
throughout its entire life-from exploration to abandonment.
4. A better understanding of sound reservoir management prac-
tices can be beneficial to geoscientists, engineers, field operations
staff, and managers.

1062 December 1994 • JPl'

 PAYOUT
Set Economic PWI
Objective ~

DCFROI
PWNP

Formulate
~
Scenario

Productions
Investments
Collect Data ~ Operating
Expenses
, Oil/Gas Price

Make Economic
Analysis

Make Risk
Analysis

Choose Optimum
Operation

Fig. 11-Economic optimization. Fig. 12-Evaluatlon.

Acknowledgment 4. Application of Reservoir Characterization to Numerical Modeling

We acknowledge the support and pennission of Texaco Inc. to
publish this paper.
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25. Satter, A., Varnon, J.E. and Hoang, M.T.: "Reservoir Management:
Technical Perspective," paper SPE 22350 presented at the 1992 SPE
IntI. Meeting on Petroleum Engineering, Beijing, March 24-27.
1064
51 Metric Conversion Factors
acre X 4.046 873 E-Ol =ha
bbl X 1.589 873 E-Ol =m3
'Conversion factor is exact.
Abdus ScHer is a research consultant at Texaco E&P Technolo-
gy Center in Houston. He previously worked for Amoco, Frank
W. Cole Engineering, the U. of Westem Ontario, and Dacca
Engineering C. His current interests are reservoir studies, reser-
voir management, and technology transfer. He is a coinstruc-
tor of the SPE Short Course on Integrated Reservoir Manage-
ment and a coauthor of a new book on this subject. He has
served on the SPE Editorial Review, Annual Technical Meeting,
Forum Series, and Continuing Education committees. Satter
holds a BS degree in mechanical engineering from the U. of
Dacca, PE and MS degrees in petroleum engineering from the
C~lorado School of Mines, and a PhD degree in engineering
sCience from the U. of Oklahoma. James E. Varnon is the port-
folio manager of reservoir performance modeling at Texaco
E&PTechnology Center in Houston. He is responsible for devel-
oping and coordinating high-technology reservoir engineer-
ing personnel to serve on reservoir management teams and
to provide technical training for operating departments
around the world. He holds a BS degree in chemical engineer-
ing from Lamar U. and a PhD degree in chemical engineering
from Purdue U. Muu T. Hoang is a senior petroleum engineer
with Texaco Angola in Luanda. His expertise is in reservoir
engil")eering, production operations, facility design and instal-
lation, reservoir simulation, reservoir management, and tech-
nical training. He holds a BS degree in chemical engineering
from the U. of Pittsburgh.
Satter Varnon Hoang
December 1994 • JPT