——————__ BIBLIOGRAPHY Born the subject and the literature are so vast that select bibliography would run into many pages, To = even 4 high which might interest the reader is impossible. Guides tor to ally iy on most subjects have been compiled by the hee further p, ae Association (A Guide to Historical Literature, periodical isto for the use of students by some Oxford teachers; 4 Y Teviseq: al HS Europe and Europe overseas 1715-1815, edited by J. 5. Bread Works on any Goodwin (Oxford 1956) and A select list of books on Ey id A, 1815-1914, edited by Alan Bullock and A. J, P, aylor ¢ ‘an history former is better. Books marked * below also contai, (1953) The which are recommended. a bibliographie There are several series of general histories covering th . part of it. The most important is Peuples et Civilisations, Pr°4 or includes two volumes by George Lefebvre which are historic aitatse it pieces: *La Revolution Frangaise (vol. 1, 1789-93 is avail able in ne 1962) and *Napoléon (1953). F. Ponteil*, L’eveil des nationalité mt, (1960) replaces an earlier volume under the same title by Get which is still worth consulting. The equivalent American seri al, Rise of Modern Europe is more discursive and geographically hee The available volumes are Crane Brinton’s *A decade of rua 1789-99 (1934), G. Bruun, *Europe and the French Imperium (1938) aa F. B. Artz, *Reaction and Revolution 1814-32 (1934). Bibliographically the most useful of the series is Clio, which is aimed at students and periodically brought up-to-date; note especially the sections sum- marizing current historical debate. The relevant volumes are: E. Préclin and V. L. Tapié, *Le xoviite siécle (2 vols.); L. Villat, La révolution et Empire (2 vols.), J. Droz, L. Genet and J. Vidalenc, *L’époqu contemporaine, vol. 1, 1815-71. Though old, J. Kulischer, Allgemeine Wirtschaftsgeschichte, vol. I, Neuzet (republished 1954) is still a good factual summary of economic history, but there are also numerous American college textbooks approximately equal value, e.g. W. Bowden, M. Karpovitch and AP. 332pipLJOORAPHY of Europe since 1750 (1937). J. Schumpeter, i ws? ig broader than its title suggests, Of general (1 at from histories, M. H. Dobb, Studies in the we (1g46) and K, Polanyi, The great transformation ‘ one ur Time in England, 1945), a8 well as Werner yay ys moderne Kapitalismus 11: Das Wirtschaftsleben im a map (1928) are recommended, For population, oy a tie (0 population mondiale de 1700 a 1948 (1949), but * gait "ef and quite excellent introductory C, Cipolla’s The \ he of world population (1962). For technology, Singer, 4 Hall and Williams A history of technology, IV: the Industrial yr 450-1850 (1958) is myopic but useful for reference, W. H. yt 7 A social history of engineering (1961) is a better introduction et O'Dea, The stcal history of lighting (1958) is both enter- vi and suggestive, See also the books on the history of science. 0 : culture the obsolescent but convenient H. Sée, * Esquisse d’une wt OL régime agraire en Europe au 18¢ et rge siécles (1921) has not yet ei replaced by anything as handy. There is as yet no good synthesis (the modern research work on farming. For money, Mare Bloch’s very brief Bsquasse d'une histoire monétaire de I’ Europe (1954) is useful as is , Mackenzie, The banking systems of Great Britain, France, Germany and iu USA (1945). For want of a general synthesis R. E. Cameron, Frawe and the economic development of Europe 1800-1914 (1961), one of the most solid pieces of research to have appeared in recent years, can gene as an introduction to problems of credit and investment, together vith the still unsurpassed L, H. Jenks, The migration of British capital to ips (1927). There is no good general treatment of the industrial revolution, in spite of much recent work on economic growth, not often of great interest to the historian. The best comparative conspectus is in the special number of Studi Storici 11, 3-4 (Rome 1961) and the more specialised First international conference of economic history, Stockholm 1960 (Paris-Hague 1961). P. Mantoux, The industrial revolution, of the 18th century (106), in spite of its age, remains basic for Britain, There is nothing as good for the period since 1800. W, O. Henderson, * Britain and industrial Europe 1750-1870 (1954) describes British influence and J. Purs, *The industrial revolution in the Czech lands (Historica I Prague 1960) contains @ convenient bibliography for seven countries; W. 0. Henderson, * The industrial revolution on the continent: Germany, France, Russia 1800-1914 (1961) is aimed at the undergraduate, Among 1 ‘ons Karl Marx, Capital J remains a marvellous, discussi mas ae mers exe porary, treatment and S, Giedion, Mechanisaton taker 333 LsBIBLIOGRAPHY f command (1948) is among other things a Profusely il highly suggestive pioneer work on mass production, Ustrateg Z A, Goodwin ed., The European nobility in the 18th centus nd comparative study of aristocracies. There is nothing s, (1953) is bourgeoisie. Luckily the best source of all, the works ilar on fia novelists, notably Balzac, are easily accessible. For the w of ‘the ite. ie J. Kuczynski, Geschichte der Lage der Arbeiter unter den king cast (Berlin, to be completed in 38 volumes) is encyclopedi Kapitalisn contemporary analysis remains F, Engels, Condition of the Works © be England in 1844. For the urban sub-proletariat, L, Chevalier cae Class in ieuses et classes dangereuses a Paris dans le premiére moitié dy 19¢ sibel 28865 labo, brilliant synthesis of economic and literary evidence. B (1958) eg capitalismo nelle campagne (1946), though confined to Ttaly Ee Serenj, nN period, is the most useful introduction to the study of the ind a later The same author’s Storia del paesaggio agrario italiano (a 961) Peasantry, changes in landscape made by man’s productive activities = - most imaginatively on the arts. R. N. Salaman, The history’ drawing influence of the potato (1949) is admirable on the historical ino “tial one type of foodstuff, but in spite of recent research the heatce of material life remains little known, though J. Drummond tory of Wilbraham, The Englishman’s food (1939) is a pioneer work, i ‘ A Lofficier francais 1815-1871 (1957), Georges Duveau, Linstitutear ‘almin, and Asher Tropp, The school teachers (1957) are among the m 957) tories of professions. The novelists still provide by far the best ae o Paar changes of capitalism; e.g. John Galt, Annals Of the Parish for The most stimulating history of science is J. D. Bernal, *Science ii history (1954) and S. F. Mason, *A history of the sciences (1953) is aond es natural philosophy, For reference M. Daumas ed., * Histoire de la Science (Encyclopédie de la Pleiade 1957). J. D. Bernal, Science and industry in the 19th century (1953) analyses some examples of their interaction, R, Taton, The French Revolution and tie progress of science (in S, Lilley ed., Essays in the social history of science Copenhagen 1953) may be the least inaccessible of several monographs. C. C. Gillispie, Genesis and geology (1951) is entertaining and illustrates the difficulties between science and religion. On education G. Duveau, op. cit. and Brian Simon, Studies in the history of education 1780-1870 (1960) will help to compensate for the absence of a good modern comparative study. On the press there is G. Weill, Le journal (1934). A There are numerous histories of economic thought, for the subject much taught. E. Roll, A history of economic thought (various edition) is a good introduction. J. B, Bury, The idea of progress (1920) § 334 siiBIBLIOGRAPHY |. The growth of philosophic radical. :, ’ icalis , fil woken Monument, L. Marcuse, Reason and (1998) is an ancient st ors theory (1941) is excellent and G, D revolution: Hegel and on mt 1, 1789-1850, @ judicious sittve Pw Cole, A history of eal of Henri Saint-Simon (1956) is the ion tank Manuel, The 7 sue bot important figure. Auguste Cornu’s XK, recent study of that ws eben uw. Werk 1, 1918-44 (Berlin 19 ‘arl Marx und Friedrich oe ve, Hans Kohn, The idea of netlomation ( in progress), appears rere 8 00 general account of religion pa) is useful. conutionily 1” a revolutionary age, 1-II1 (1959-61) K. 8, Latourette, oma. W Cantwell Smith, Islam in modern oe) surveys the entire ‘ebb, The social sources of denominationalism tt ry (1957) and H. R. wo nding religions of the period, V *929) may introduce the ligiost di libertad € dt salvezza (1960), what has i. ternari, *Movimenti presi Ss. Dubnow, Weltgeschichte des juedis hen V called the ‘colonial (3929) deals with the Jews. chen Volkes, VIII and IX The best introductions to the histo N.L.B. Pevsner, Outline of European seiaies lie arts are probably i. Gombrich, The story of art (1950) and en gry) 1960), western civilisation (1942). There is unfortunatel, naeaas ang, Music jiterature, though Arnold Hauser, The vocal i hepa es covers this field also. F. Novotn' *P intir ie of ar, IL (195!) ry, * Painting and sculpture in Europe 1780- 1870 (1960) and H. R. Hitchcock, * Architecture in the 19th ad th endures (1958), both in the Penguin History of Art, contain both illustrations and bibliographies. Among more specialised works mainly on the visual arts one might mention F. D. Klingender, *Art and the industrial revolution (1947) ‘and Goya and the democratic tradition (1948), K. Clark, The gothic revival (1944)» P, Francastel, Le style Empire (1944) and F. Antal’s prilliant but capricious ‘Reflections on Classicism and Romanticism’ (Burlington Magazine 1935» 1936, 1940, 1941). For music, A. Einstein, Music in the romantic era (1947) and Schubert (1951) may be read; for literatures G. Lukacs’ profound Goethe und seine Zeit (1955)» The historical novel (1962) and the chapters on Balzac and Stendhal in Studies in European realism (1950)3 # the eee J. Bronowski, William Blake—a man =e (1954 & .)- ye a eee . e! jticism 1950, I R themes, eda bn soa (1946), H. T. Parker, The = . fy revolutionaries (0987) Pe dan Is sensibilité . Jo 7 i révolutionnaire 1794 Picard ‘Le romantisme social (1944). theca frangaise (1938) CF «i be singled out from the history of events in Only 2 ee Pol usions 4 d revolutionary movements the bibli- this perso’ 335BIBLIOGRAPHY ography is gigantic for 1789, rather less so for 181¢_ 8. two works mentioned above and his The coming of the S. Lefeby, (1949) are standard for the 1789 revolution; A. Soboul Pas evolu de la Révolution Frangais (1962) is a lucid textbook and A G ecis P hist French Revolution (1956) an English conspectus. The noctwin, ep vast for summary. Bromley and Goodwin provide a €rature jg the works mentioned there A. Soboul, Les sansculottes ere Buide. ¢ an encyclopedic work, G. Rudé, The crowd in the French Re an I 1960) and J, Godechot, La contre-revolution (1961) ought to be adaion (gga; James, The black Jacobins (1938) describes the Haitian y, ed. o. 9) the insurrectionaries of 1815-48, C. Francovich, Idee ieee 7 zione operaia nella prima metd dell’ 800 (1959) is a good and e TBanizeg, of a significant country, which can serve as introduction E brier stud, “Filippo Michele Buonarroti (1959) leads us into the work id “ Pisensten societies. A. Mazour, The first Russian revolution ( 1937) deal © Secret Decembrists, R. F. Leslie, Polish politics and the revolution yy With the 1830 (1956) is in effect a much broader book than its eh Noveriey On labour movements there is no general study, for B, pekeets Histoire du mouvement ouvrier 1 (1936) deals only with Britain a fi olléa, ; See also A. B. Spitzer, The revolutionary theories of Auguste Blany France. D. O. Evans, Le socialisme romantique (1948), and O, Festy, Ln (1959), ouvrier au début de la monarchie de Juillet (1908). 24 Mouvement On the origins of 1848, F. Fejté ed., The opening of an era 18, contains essays, mostly excellent, on numerous countries; J a (1948) revolutions allemandes de 1848 (1957) is invaluable and E, Labra TOZ, Les Aspects de la crise... . 1846-51 (1956) is a collection of detailed — ed, studies for France. A. Briggs ed., Chartist studies (1959) is ie up-to-date work on its subject. E. Labrousse, ‘Comment naissent i révolutions? (Actes du centenaire de 1848, Paris 1948) attempts a gen =| answer to this question for our period. Beneral On international affairs A. Sorel, L’Europe et la Revolution Francaise | (1895) still provides a good background and J. Godechot, La Grande Nation, 2 vols. (1956) describes the expansion of the revolution abroad, Vols. IV and V of the * Histoire des Relations Internationales (by A. Fugier up to 1815 and P. Renouvin 1815-71, both 1954) are lucid and intelligent guides. On the process of war, B, H. Liddell Hart, The ghost of Napoleon (1933) remains a fine introduction to land strategy and E. Tarlé, Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812 (1942) a convenient study of a particular campaign. G. Lefebvre, *Vapoléon contains by far the best concise sketch of the nature of the French armies, and M Lewis, A social history of the navy 1789-1815 (1960) is most instructive, E, F. Heckscher, The Continental System (1922) should be supplemented 336 tion, p,prpisiogr Ary tocws continental ef P tconomie britannique (1958) ve 4b eglich, De prasda militari; looting and booty ne cot F Ree sidelights. J. N. 1. Baker, A histary ic wes inte ety (1937) and the admirable Bussian ) raion full dovanit (1959) provide the background igh obkeyttt ‘conquest; K. Panikkar, Asia and Western an world Hive account of it from an Asian point of (pf put an instr ux Indes de Castille, 2 vols. (1995) and Pie (1958) erate negriare am hd ( re de U Esclavage dans les colonies frangaises (1942) AG 3s Histoire e-trade. E. O. v. Lippmann, Geschichte ds Mie for the Se vGplemented with N. Deerr, The Histay of (1929 3 ). Bric Williams, Capitalism and slavery (1944) is io vals: (1940 on though sometimes schernatic. For the charac- Bh aah int TP olonisation of the world by trade and gunboat, wc §pformn: British trade and the opening of China (1949) and H. S. 1 Greenbere cd Argentina in the 19th century (1960) are case-studies. ferns he ee areas under direct European exploitation, w. F.. or the, Indonesian sociely in transition (Hague-Bandung 1959) is 2 wether roduction (see also J. S. Furnivall, Colonial policy and practice, peliant i compares Indonesia and Burma), and out of a large but 1950 vi eappointing literature on India the following may be selected: ahaa and G. T. Garratt, Rise and fulfilment of British riz in E (1934), Eric Stokes, The English utilitarians and India (1959)— bat illuminating work—and A. R, Desai, The social background of dian nationalism (Bombay 1948). There is no adequate account of Egypt under Mehemet Ali, but H. Dodwell, The Founder of Modern Egypt (1931) may be consulted. It is impossible to do more than point to one or two histories of some countries or regions. For Britain, E. Halévy, History of the English people in the 19th century remains fundamental, especially the great survey of England in 1815 in vol. 1; to be supplemented by A. Briggs, The age of improvement 1780-1867 (1959). For France a classic of social history gives the eighteenth century background, P. Sagnac, La formation de la société francaise moderne, 11 (1946), and Gordon Wright, France in modern times (1962) a good introductory history-since then. F. Ponteil, La monarchie parlementaire 1815-48 (1949) and F. Artz, France under the Bourbon restoration (1931) are recommended. For Russia M. Florinsky, Russia, IL (1953) covers the period since 1800 fully and M. N. Pokrovsky, Brief history of Russia, I (1933) and P. Lyashchenko, History of the Russian national economy (1947) include it. R. Pascal, The growth of modern Germany (1946) is brief and good, K. S. Pinson, Modern Germany (1954) is also introductory. T. S. Hamerow, Restoration, revo- 337 Lflution, reaction: economics and politics in Germany 1815-91 (4 op. cit. and Gordon Craig, The politics of the Prussian ve Ge Dice read with profit, On Italy G. Candeloro, Storia dell’ Italia 35) Can be 1815-46 (1958) is by far the best, on Spain P. Vilar, Histoing aera IL (1949) is a superb brief guide and J. Vicens Vives ed, Histon: Espap, Espaita y America Latina, 1V/a (1959) is, among its other Merits 3 fully illustrated. A. J. P, Taylor, The Habsburg monarchy tq40\ ? introduction. See also E. Wangermann, From Joseph 11 1 t Trials (1959). On the Balkans, L. S. Stavrianos, The Balkans si (1953) and the excellent B, Lewis, The emergence of modern Turkey ce 453 on the North, B. J. Hovde, The Scandinavian countries T (1943), will be found helpful. On Ireland, E. Stray BIBLIOGRAPHY 961) 1720~186, , Strauss, Trish natin and British democracy (1951) and The great famine, studies in recog history (1957). On the Low Countries, H. Pirenne, Histoire de Bel al v-vi (1926, 1932), R. Demoulin, La révolution de 1830 (1950) andH Re Wright, Free Trade and Protection in the Netherlands 1816-99 (1955) 7 A few final notes on general works of reference. W. Langer’s Ene f pedia of World History (1948) or Ploetz’ Hauptdaten der Weltgessh a (1957) give the main dates, the admirable Alfred Mayer, 4 European civilisation 1501-1900 (1949) deals specially with culture, scieng and the like. M. Mulhall, Dictionary of Statistics (1892) remai tee i compendium of figures. Among historical encyclopedias the 2 = Sovietskaya Istoricheskaya Entsiklopediya in 12 volumes covers the world: the Encyclopedie de la Pleiade has special volumes on Universal History (3) the History of Literatures (2) Historical Research—very valuable and the History of Science; but these are organised Narratively ang not under dictionary-headings. Cassell’s Encyclopedia of Literature (2Vvols.) is useful and E. Blom ed., Grove’s Dictionary of Music and Musicians (9 vols.) (1954), though a little British, standard. The Encyclopedia of World Art (to be completed in 15 vols., I-V published) 1s outstanding, The Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences (1931), though getting old, remains very useful. The following atlases, not so far mentioned, may also be consulted with profit: Atlas Istorit SSSR (1950), J. D. Fage, An atlas of African history (1958), H. W. Hazard and H. L. Cooke, Atlas of Islamic