Indonesia (/ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ (About this soundlisten) IN-də-NEE-zhə), officially the Republic of Indonesia Indonesia consists of hundreds of distinct native

tinct native ethnic and linguistic groups, with the largest one being the
(Indonesian: Republik Indonesia [reˈpublik ɪndoˈnesia] (About this soundlisten)),[a] is a transcontinental
country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It is the world's largest
island country, with more than seventeen thousand islands, and at 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358
square miles), the 14th largest by land area and 7th in the combined sea and land area.[12] With over 267
million people, it is the world's 4th most populous country, and the world's 7th largest economy by GDP
(PPP) and 16th by nominal GDP. It is the most populous Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's most
populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population. The country's capital, Jakarta, is the
second-most populous urban area in the world.
Javanese. A shared identity has developed with the motto "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" ("Unity in Diversity"
literally, "many, yet one"), defined by a national language, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a
Muslim-majority population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it. The economy of Indonesia
is growing rapidly. The country is a member of several multilateral organisations, including the UN, WTO,
IMF, G20, and a founding member of Non-Aligned Movement, Association of Southeast Asian Nations,
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, East Asia Summit, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.

The sovereign state is a presidential, constitutional republic with an elected legislature. It has 34 provinces,
of which five have special status. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and
the eastern part of Malaysia. Other neighbouring countries include Singapore, Vietnam, the Philippines,
Australia, Palau, and India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Despite its large population and densely
populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support a high level of biodiversity. The
country has abundant natural resources like oil and natural gas, coal, tin, copper, gold, and nickel, while
agriculture mainly produces rice, palm oil, tea, coffee, cacao, medicinal plants, spices, and rubber. China,
the United States, Japan, Singapore, and India are Indonesia's major trading partners.

The Indonesian archipelago has been a valuable region for trade since at least the 7th century when
Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with entities from mainland China and the Indian subcontinent.
Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign influences from the early centuries and Hindu and Buddhist
kingdoms flourished. Sunni traders and Sufi scholars brought Islam, while Europeans introduced Christianity
through colonisation. Although sometimes interrupted by the Portuguese, French and British, the Dutch
were the foremost colonial power for much of their 350-year presence in the archipelago. The concept of
"Indonesia" as a nation-state emerged in the early 20th century[13] and the country proclaimed its
independence in 1945. However, it was not until 1949 that the Dutch recognised Indonesia's sovereignty
following an armed and diplomatic conflict between the two.