Resistance comparison

Case 1: shotcrete tk 10cm + wire mesh f10/15cm

Max bending moment: 17 kNm/m

Tensile resistance 200 kN/m

20 campo 1

campo 2
15
campo 3

10
campo 4
BENDING MOMENT[kN*m]

5 campo 5

Limite1-2

0
Limite2-3

-5 Limite3-4

Limite4-4a
-10
Limite4a-5

-15
Verifica

-20
300 200 100 0 -100 -200
AXIAL STRESS [kN]
Case 2: fiber reinforced shotcrete tk 10cm

Residual flextural strength at CMOD=2.5mm F R3k=~2 MPa (assumed as fctk). This need tests according
EN14651)

Max bending moment: 21 kNm/m

Tensile resistance 45 kN/m

25 campo 1

20 campo 2

15 campo 3

campo 4
10
BENDING MOMENT[kN*m]

campo 5
5
Limite1-2

0
Limite2-3

-5
Limite3-4

-10
Limite4-4a

-15 Limite4a-5

-20 Verifica

-25
500 0 -500 -1000 -1500 -2000
AXIAL STRESS [kN]

Case 3: fiber reinforced shotcrete tk 15cm

60 campo 1

campo 2

40 campo 3

campo 4
BENDING MOMENT[kN*m]

20
campo 5

Limite1-2

0
Limite2-3

Limite3-4
-20
Limite4-4a

Limite4a-5
-40
Verifica

-60
500 0 -500 -1000 -1500 -2000 -2500 -3000
AXIAL STRESS [kN]

Max bending moment: 47 kNm/m

Tensile resistance 68 kN/m

Case 4: fiber reinforced shotcrete tk 20cm

Max bending moment: 84 kNm/m

Tensile resistance 90 kN/m

100 campo 1

80 campo 2

60 campo 3

campo 4
40
BENDING MOMENT[kN*m]

campo 5
20
Limite1-2

0
Limite2-3

-20
Limite3-4

-40
Limite4-4a

-60 Limite4a-5

-80 Verifica

-100
1000 0 -1000 -2000 -3000 -4000
AXIAL STRESS [kN]

Conclusions

The above evaluations show that it is not possible to obtain an equivalence between the two solutions.

Usually, on the external slope at portals the movement of the blocks can create tensile stresses in the
lining, while in the tunnel in general the problems are related to bending moment.

At tunnel’s portal, the adoption of a wire mesh into the shotcrete is recommended.