DESIGN OF CIRCULAR WATER TANK (Domical top and base)

Name of work:- pkn

1 Tank capacity 400000 ltr Depth of water 4.00 m
2 Live load 1400 N/mm2 wt of water 9800 N/m3
3 Free board 0.20 m 200 mm
4 Conrete M 20 unit weight 25000 N/m3
scbc 7 N/mm2 m 13
5 Steel fy 415 Tensile stress 115 N/mm2
6 Nominal Cover 25 mm Effective Cover 35 mm
7 Reinforcement
Top Dome (main / distri. ) 8 mm F 160 mm c/c both way

Top Ring Beam Main 20 mm F 4 Nos.

two ldge srirrups 8 mm F 300 mm c/c

Vertivcal (Water side ) 12 mm F 110 mm c/c

Ring bars (both direction) 12 110 mm c/c

Distribution steel 8 mm F 210 mm c/c

Bottom Dom slab 8

(both direction) mm F 90 mm c/c

Bottom Ring Beam 30 mm F 8 Nos

8 mm f
160 mm c/c
350 2000
11600

230 20 mm f Ring 4 Nos

12 mm f Bars 220 mm c/c

4000
8 mm f 210 mm c/c

12 mm f Bars 110 mm c/c

12 mm f
110 mm c/c

8 mm f Bars
90 mm c/c Both side

850
8 Nos. Bars 30 mm f
8 mm f strirup 200 mm c/c
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in 550
 DESIGN OF CIRCULAR WATER TANK (Domical top and base)

Tank capacity 400000 ltr Depth of water = 4.00 m

Live load 1400 N/mm2 wt of water = 9800 N/mm3
Free board 0.20 m = 200 mm
Conrete M- 20 wt. of concrete = ### N/mm3
scbc 7 N/mm2 m = 13
Steel fy 415 N/mm2 Tensile stess = 115 N/mm2
Nominal cover 25 mm Effective cover = 35 mm

### Design Constants:- For HYSD Bars Cocrete M - = 20

sst = 115 N/mm2 wt. of concrete = ### N/mm3
scbc = 7 N/mm2 m = 13
k = 0.442 J = 0.853 R = 1.318

### Dimention of tank:- Effective depth of tank = 4.00 - 0.20 = 3.80 m

ÕxD 2 400000 x 1000
If D is the inside diameter of tank, we have = x 3.80 =
4 1000 x 1000

Ö
400 x 4
\ from which D = 11.57 m say = 11.60 m
3.143 x 3.80
Provide a diameter of = 11.60 m

### Design of roof dome:- Membrane analysis:

We shall design the top dome and ring beam on membrane analysis, analysis
considring these to be independednt of tankwall which is assumed to be freee at top, Let the rise of the
dome be = 2.00 m and its thickness = 100 mm R = 11.60 / 2 = 5.80 m
33.64 + 4
the radius r is given by = R2 = (2r - rise) rise = 5.80 2= (2r-2)2 = = 9.41 m
4
Self load of dome = 0.1 x 1 x 1 x ### = 2500 N/m2
Live load = 1400 N/m2
Total load = 3900 N/m2
5.8 7.41
sin f = = 0.616 and cos f = = 0.787 or f '= 38 degree
9.41 9.41
wr cos2 f + cos f -1 wr 1- cos f
Hoop stress = Maridian stress =
t 1+cos f t sin 2 f
Maximum hoop stress oqurs at f = 0
3900 x 9.41 1+1-1
and its magnitude = = 183495 N/m2 = 0.1835 N/mm2 Safe
0.1 1+1
Maximum meridian stress will be at F = f = 38 degree
3900 x 9.41 1- 0.787
and its magnitude = = 206002 N/m2 = 0.206 N/mm2 Safe
0.1 0.379
The stress are with in safe limit. However provide minimum reinforcement @ 0.3 % of area in each direction.
0.3
\ As = x 1000 x 100 = 300 mm2
100
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 8 x 8
using 8 mm bars A = = = 50 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of hoop Bars = 1000 x 50 / 300 = 167 say = 160 mm
Hence Provided 8 mm F bar, @ 160 mm c/c in both direction.

### Design of ring beam :- The thickness of dome = 120 mm assumed

Meridional thrust per metre length of dome at its base.= 206002 x 1 x 0.12 = 24720 N/m
Horizontal component T per metre length .= 24720 cos 38 = 24720 x 0.787 = 19466 N/m
11.60
\ hoop tension = 19466 x = 112903 steel required = 112903 / 115 = 982 mm2
 \ hoop tension = 19466 x = 112903 steel required = 112903 / 115 = 982 mm2
2
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 20 x 20
using ### mm bars A = = = 314 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
No.of hoop Bars = 982 / 314 = 4 No. say 4.0 No.
Hence Provided 4 No. 20 mm F Ring bar, for symetry.
Actual , Ast = 4 x 314 = 1256 mm2 Equivelent area of composite section of beam
of area of cross section A is =A+(m-1)Ash= A +( 13 - 1 )x 1256 = A+ 15072
112903
Allowing a stress of 1.2 N/mm2 in composite section we have = = 1.2
A
+ ###
From which A + 15072 = 112903 / 1.2 or = 79014 mm2
A
Hence provide a Ring beam size 350 x 230 mm actual area = 80500 mm2
Provide 8 mm f strirrups @ 300 mm c/c to tie ring beam.
These ring are lapped with dome reinforcement as shown in fig.

### Design of tank wall:-

Since dome roof has been design on membrane the analysis, the tank wall may be
assumed to be free on top and bottom, and the tank wall will be subjected to purely hoop stress.
wHD 9800 x 4.00 x 11.60
Maximum hoop tension at base= = = 227360 N/m
2 2
Area of ring = 227360 / 115 = 1977 mm2 or 989 mm2 both side
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 12 x 12
using ### mm bars A = = = 113 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of hoop Bars = 1000 x 113 / 989 = 114 say = 110 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 110 mm c/c in both direction.
1000 x 113
Actual , Ast = 2 x = 2055 mm2
110
The spacing of ring may be increased towards the top, since pressure varies lineearly
Using a tensile stress of 1.2N/mm2 for the the combined section ,
227360
thickness T is given by= = 1.2
1000 T +( 13 - 1 )x 2055
From which T = 169 mm
Minimum thickness 3xD +5 = 3 x 4 + 5 = 17 cm = 170 mm
Hence provided = 170 mm thickness throughout the height, through the thickness at the top can be reuced.
Distribution reinforcement
170 - 100
Asd = 0.3 - 0.1 x = 0.28 %
450 - 100
0.28
Distribution reinforcement area = x 170 x 1000 = 476 mm2
100
Provide half the reinfocement near each face, Asd = 238 mm2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 8 x 8
using 8 mm bars A = = = 50 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
The spacing of 8 mm f bars = 1000 x 50 / 238 = 210 mm c/c
Hence Provided 8 mm F bar, @ 210 mm c/c

### Design of Bottom dome:-

for bottom dome h2 = 2.20 m and its thickness = 200 mm R = 11.60 / 2 = 5.80 m
the radius r is given by = R2 = (2r - rise) rise
5.80 2=( 2 x 2.20 - 2.20 x 2.20 )= 33.64 + 4.84 )/ 4.40 = 8.75 m
Weight of water over the surface of dome is given by eq.
D2H h22
Ww = P x w x - x (3R2 - h2)
4 3
11.60 2 x 4.00 2.20 2x( 3.00 x 8.75 - 2.20 )
= 3.14 x 9800 x -
4 3
 = 2946706 N
Total surface of Dome =2 p R2h2= 2.00 x 3.14 x 8.75 x 2.20 = 120.9 m2
Self load of dome = 120.9 x 0.2 x 25000 = 604500 N/m2
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in Weight of water = 2946706 N/m2
Total load = 3551206 N/m2
Load p2 per unit area = 3551206 / 120.9 = 29373 N/m2
5.8 6.55
sin f = = 0.663 and cos f = = 0.749 or f '= 41 degree
8.75 8.75
p2R2 29373 x 8.75
Maximum hoop stress at center = = = 642534 N/m2 = 0.643 N/mm2 Safe
2xt2 2 x 0.2
p2.R2 1- cos f
Maximum Maridian stress =
t2 sin 2 f
29373 x 8.75 1 - 0.749 Safe
= x = 735362 N/mm2
0.2 0.663 x 0.663
W2 3551206
Alternatively shear force F2 = = = 97496 N/m
pD 3.14 x 11.60
F2 97496
Meriditional thrust T2 = = = 147084 N/m
sinf2 0.663
147084
Meriditional stress = = 0.735 N/mm2 Safe
1000 x 200
The stress are with in safe limit. However provide minimum reinforcement
200 - 100
Ast = 0.3 - 0.1 x = 0.27 %
450 - 100
0.27
Distribution reinforcement area = x 200 x 1000 = 540 mm2
100
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 8 x 8
using 8 mm bars A = = = 50 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of hoop Bars = 1000 x 50 / 540 = 93 say = 90 mm
Hence Provided 8 mm F bar, @ 90 mm c/c in both direction.

Design of ring beam :- The thickness of dome = 200 mm assumed

Meridional thrust per metre length of dome at its base.= 735362 x1 x 0.2 = 147072 N/m
Horizontal component T per metre length .= 147072 cos 41 = 147072 x 0.749 = 110094 N/m
Alternatively, p2 = F2 Cot f2 = ### x 1.129 = 110103

11.60
\ hoop tension = 110094 x = 638545 steel required = 638545 / 115 = 5553 mm2
2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 30 x 30
using ### mm bars A = = = 707 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
No.of hoop Bars = 5553 / 707 = 8 No. say 8 No.
Hence Provided 8 No. 30 mm F Ring bar, for symetry.
Actual , Ast = 8 x 707 = 5652 mm2 Equivelent area of composite section of beam
of area of cross section A is =A+(m-1)Ash= A +( 13 - 1 )x 5652 = A+ 67824
638545
Allowing a stress of 1.2 N/mm2 in composite section we have = = 1.2
A + ###
From which A + 67824 = 638545 / 1.2 or A = 464297 mm2
Beam width = 550 Beam depth = 850

Hence provide a Ring beam size 550 x 850 mm actual area = 467500 mm2
Provide 8 mm f strirrups @ 200 mm c/c to tie ring beam.
Alternatively, the above f bar verticaly provided @ above spacing on the inner
face of the tank wall may betaken around the rings.

Reinforcement shown in drawing

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
 DESIGN OF CIRCULAR WATER TANK (Domical top and base)

8 mm f
230 160 mm c/c
2000
11600

350 20 mm f Ring 4 Nos

12 mm f Bars 220 mm c/c

4000
8 mm f 210 mm c/c

12 mm f Bars 110 mm c/c

30 mm f Bars 8 mm c/c
12 mm f 0 mm f Ring
110 mm c/c 0 mm c/c
0 0
850

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

30 mm f Bars 8 mm c/c
0 mm f Ring 0 mm c/c both side

2.00
R= 5.80

F
f f

Fig 1
 VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS
Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 Grade of concrete
Modular Ratio 18.67 13.33 10.98 9.33 8.11 7.18 tbd (N / mm2
scbc N/mm2 5 7 8.5 10 11.5 13
m scbc 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33
kc 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
(a) sst =
jc 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867
140
N/mm2 Rc 0.867 1.214 1.474 1.734 1.994 2.254 Grade of
(Fe 250) Pc (%) concrete
0.714 1 1.214 1.429 1.643 1.857
kc 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 M 15
(b) sst = jc 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 M 20
190
Rc 0.732 1.025 1.244 1.464 1.684 1.903 M 25
N/mm2
Pc (%) 0.433 0.606 0.736 0.866 0.997 1.127 M 30
kc 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 M 35
(c ) sst =
jc 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 M 40
230
N/mm2 Rc 0.653 0.914 1.11 1.306 1.502 1.698 M 45
(Fe 415) Pc (%) 0.314 0.44 0.534 0.628 0.722 0.816 M 50
kc 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253
(d) sst =
jc 0.916 0.916 0.916 0.914 0.916 0.916
275
N/mm2 Rc 0.579 0.811 0.985 1.159 1.332 1.506
(Fe 500) Pc (%) 0.23 0.322 0.391 0.46 0.53 0.599

Permissible shear stress Table tv in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

100As Permissible shear stress in concrete tv N/mm2
bd M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40
Grade of
< 0.15 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.2 0.2 0.2
concrete
0.25 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23
0.50 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32 M 10
0.75 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38 M 15
1.00 0.37 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42 M 20
1.25 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.46 M 25
1.50 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.49 M 30
1.75 0.44 0.47 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.52 M 35
2.00 0.44 0.49 0.51 0.53 0.54 0.55 M 40
2.25 0.44 0.51 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.57 M 45
2.50 0.44 0.51 0.55 0.57 0.58 0.60 M 50
2.75 0.44 0.51 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62
3.00 and above 0.44 0.51 0.57 0.6 0.62 0.63

Maximum shear stress tc.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 Grade of concrete
tc.max 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.5 tc.max
Shear stress tc Reiforcement % modification factore Table
100As 100As % fy 200 250 328 415
M-20 M-20
bd bd 0.0
0.14 0.17 0.17 0.14 0.05
0.15 0.18 0.18 0.15 0.10
0.16 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.15 1.90
0.17 0.18 0.2 0.21 0.20 1.80
0.18 0.19 0.21 0.24 0.25 2 1.70
0.19 0.19 0.22 0.27 0.30 1.85 1.60
0.2 0.19 0.23 0.3 0.35 1.75 1.50
0.21 0.2 0.24 0.32 0.4 1.65 1.40
0.22 0.2 0.25 0.35 0.5 2.0 1.5 1.30
0.23 0.2 0.26 0.38 0.6 1.75 1.4 1.20
0.24 0.21 0.27 0.41 0.7 1.90 1.65 1.35 1.15
0.25 0.21 0.28 0.44 0.8 1.80 1.55 1.30 1.05
0.26 0.21 0.29 0.47 0.9 1.70 1.5 1.25 1.02
0.27 0.22 0.30 0.5 1.0 1.60 1.45 1.2 1.20
0.28 0.22 0.31 0.55 1.1 1.55 1.4 1.16 0.98
0.29 0.22 0.32 0.6 1.2 1.50 1.35 1.13 0.96
0.3 0.23 0.33 0.65 1.3 1.50 1.3 1.1 0.94
0.31 0.23 0.34 0.7 1.4 1.45 1.3 1.1 0.92
0.32 0.24 0.35 0.75 1.5 1.40 1.25 1.07 0.91
0.33 0.24 0.36 0.82 1.6 1.35 1.2 1.05 0.90
0.34 0.24 0.37 0.88 1.7 1.35 1.2 1.03 0.89
0.35 0.25 0.38 0.94 1.8 1.30 1.18 1.01 0.86
0.36 0.25 0.39 1.00 1.9 1.30 1.16 1.0 0.86
0.37 0.25 0.4 1.08 2.0 1.25 1.14 0.99 0.85
0.38 0.26 0.41 1.16 2.1 1.25 1.13 0.97 0.84
0.39 0.26 0.42 1.25 2.2 1.20 1.12 0.96 0.83
0.4 0.26 0.43 1.33 2.3 1.18 1.1 0.95 0.83
0.41 0.27 0.44 1.41 2.4 1.17 1.1 0.94 0.82
0.42 0.27 0.45 1.50 2.5 1.16 1.08 0.93 0.82
0.43 0.27 0.46 1.63 2.6 1.15 1.06 0.92 0.81
0.44 0.28 0.46 1.64 2.7 1.14 1.05 0.92 0.81
0.45 0.28 0.47 1.75 2.8 1.13 1.04 0.91 0.81
0.46 0.28 0.48 1.88 2.9 1.12 1.03 0.91 0.81
0.47 0.29 0.49 2.00 3.0 1.11 1.02 0.90 0.81
0.48 0.29 0.50 2.13 3.1 1.11 1.01 0.87 0.81
0.49 0.29 0.51 2.25 3.2 1.11 1.00 0.86 0.81
0.5 0.30
0.51 0.30
0.52 0.30
0.53 0.30
0.54 0.30 Value of angle
0.55 0.31 Degree sin cos tan Degree sin
0.56 0.31 1 0.017 1.000 0.017 1 0.017
0.57 0.31 2 0.035 0.999 0.035 2 0.035
0.58 0.31 3 0.052 0.999 0.052 3 0.052
0.59 0.31 4 0.070 0.998 0.070 4 0.070
0.6 0.32 5 0.087 0.996 0.087 5 0.087
0.61 0.32 6 0.104 0.995 0.105 6 0.104
0.62 0.32 7 0.122 0.993 0.123 7 0.122
0.63 0.32 8 0.139 0.990 0.140 8 0.139
0.64 0.32 9 0.156 0.988 0.158 9 0.156
0.65 0.33 10 0.174 0.985 0.176 10 0.174
0.66 0.33 11 0.191 0.981 0.194 11 0.191
0.67 0.33 12 0.208 0.978 0.213 12 0.208
0.68 0.33 13 0.225 0.974 0.231 13 0.225
0.69 0.33 14 0.242 0.970 0.249 14 0.242
0.7 0.34 15 0.259 0.966 0.268 15 0.259
0.71 0.34 16 0.276 0.961 0.287 16 0.276
0.72 0.34 17 0.292 0.956 0.306 17 0.292
0.73 0.34 18 0.309 0.951 0.325 18 0.309
0.74 0.34 19 0.326 0.946 0.344 19 0.326
0.75 0.35 20 0.342 0.940 0.364 20 0.342
0.76 0.35 21 0.358 0.934 0.384 21 0.358
0.77 0.35 22 0.375 0.927 0.404 22 0.375
0.78 0.35 23 0.391 0.921 0.424 23 0.391
0.79 0.35 24 0.407 0.924 0.440 24 0.407
0.8 0.35 25 0.422 0.906 0.466 25 0.422
0.81 0.35 26 0.438 0.898 0.488 26 0.438
0.82 0.36 27 0.454 0.891 0.510 27 0.454
0.83 0.36 28 0.469 0.883 0.532 28 0.469
0.84 0.36 29 0.485 0.875 0.554 29 0.485
0.85 0.36 30 0.500 0.866 0.577 30 0.500
0.86 0.36 31 0.515 0.857 0.601 31 0.515
0.87 0.36 32 0.530 0.848 0.625 32 0.530
0.88 0.37 33 0.545 0.839 0.649 33 0.545
0.89 0.37 34 0.559 0.829 0.675 34 0.559
0.9 0.37 35 0.573 0.819 0.700 35 0.573
0.91 0.37 36 0.858 0.809 1.060 36 0.588
0.92 0.37 37 0.602 0.799 0.754 37 0.602
0.93 0.37 38 0.616 0.788 0.781 38 0.616
0.94 0.38 39 0.629 0.777 0.810 39 0.629
0.95 0.38 40 0.643 0.766 0.839 40 0.643
0.96 0.38 41 0.656 0.755 0.869 41 0.656
0.97 0.38 42 0.669 0.743 0.900 42 0.669
0.98 0.38 43 0.682 0.731 0.933 43 0.682
0.99 0.38 44 0.695 0.719 0.966 44 0.695
1.00 0.39 45 0.707 0.707 1.000 45 0.707
1.01 0.39 46 0.719 0.695 1.036 46 0.719
1.02 0.39 47 0.731 0.682 1.072 47 0.731
1.03 0.39 48 0.742 0.669 1.109 48 0.742
1.04 0.39 49 0.755 0.656 1.150 49 0.755
1.05 0.39 50 0.766 0.643 1.192 50 0.766
1.06 0.39 51 0.777 0.629 1.235 51 0.777
1.07 0.39 52 0.788 0.616 1.280 52 0.788
1.08 0.4 53 0.799 0.602 1.327 53 0.799
1.09 0.4 54 0.809 0.588 1.376 54 0.809
1.10 0.4 55 0.819 0.574 1.428 55 0.819
1.11 0.4 56 0.829 0.559 1.483 56 0.829
1.12 0.4 57 0.839 0.545 1.540 57 0.839
1.13 0.4 58 0.848 0.530 1.600 58 0.848
1.14 0.4 59 0.857 0.515 1.664 59 0.857
1.15 0.4 60 0.866 0.500 1.732 60 0.866
1.16 0.41 61 0.875 0.485 1.804 61 0.875
1.17 0.41 62 0.883 0.470 1.880 62 0.883
1.18 0.41 63 0.891 0.454 1.963 63 0.891
1.19 0.41 64 0.899 0.438 2.051 64 0.899
1.20 0.41 65 0.906 0.423 2.145 65 0.906
1.21 0.41 66 0.914 0.407 2.246 66 0.914
1.22 0.41 67 0.921 0.391 2.356 67 0.921
1.23 0.41 68 0.927 0.375 2.475 68 0.927
1.24 0.41 69 0.934 0.358 2.605 69 0.934
1.25 0.42 70 0.940 0.342 2.747 70 0.940
1.26 0.42 71 0.946 0.326 2.904 71 0.946
1.27 0.42 72 0.951 0.309 3.078 72 0.951
1.28 0.42 73 0.956 0.292 3.271 73 0.956
1.29 0.42 74 0.961 0.276 3.488 74 0.961
1.30 0.42 75 0.966 0.259 3.732 75 0.966
1.31 0.42 76 0.970 0.242 4.011 76 0.970
1.32 0.42 77 0.974 0.225 4.332 77 0.974
1.33 0.43 78 0.978 0.208 4.705 78 0.978
1.34 0.43 79 0.982 0.191 5.145 79 0.982
1.35 0.43 80 0.985 0.174 5.673 80 0.985
1.36 0.43 81 0.988 0.156 6.315 81 0.988
1.37 0.43 82 0.999 0.139 7.178 82 0.999
1.38 0.43 83 0.993 0.122 8.145 83 0.993
1.39 0.43 84 0.995 0.105 9.517 84 0.995
1.40 0.43 85 0.996 0.087 11.431 85 0.996
1.41 0.44 86 0.998 0.070 14.302 86 0.998
1.42 0.44 87 0.999 0.052 19.083 87 0.999
1.43 0.44 88 0.999 0.035 28.637 88 0.999
1.44 0.44 89 0.9998 0.017 57.295 89 0.9998
1.45 0.44 90 1.000 0.000 1.000 90 1.000
1.46 0.44
1.47 0.44
1.48 0.44
1.49 0.44
1.50 0.45
Table Carpentors's coefficents for cylenlidrical tank
1.51 0.45 Factors F K
1.52 0.45 H+dA 10 20 30 40 10 20
1.53 0.45 0.2 0.046 0.028 0.022 0.015 - 0.5
1.54 0.45 0.3 0.032 0.019 0.014 0.01 0.55 0.43
Value of H/D

1.55 0.45 0.4 0.024 0.014 0.01 0.007 0.5 0.39

1.56 0.45 0.5 0.02 0.02 0.009 0.006 0.45 0.37
1.57 0.45 1.0 0.012 0.006 0.005 0.003 0.37 0.28
1.58 0.45 2.0 0.006 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.3 0.22
1.59 0.45 4.0 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.27 0.2
1.60 0.45
1.61 0.45
1.62 0.45
1.63 0.46
1.64 0.46
1.65 0.46
1.66 0.46
1.67 0.46
1.68 0.46
1.69 0.46
1.70 0.46
1.71 0.46
1.72 0.46
1.73 0.46
1.74 0.46
1.75 0.47
1.76 0.47
1.77 0.47
1.78 0.47
1.79 0.47
1.80 0.47
1.81 0.47
1.82 0.47
1.83 0.47
1.84 0.47
1.85 0.47
1.86 0.47
1.87 0.47
1.88 0.48
1.89 0.48
1.90 0.48
1.91 0.48
1.92 0.48
1.93 0.48
1.94 0.48
1.95 0.48
1.96 0.48
1.97 0.48
1.98 0.48
1.99 0.48
2.00 0.49
2.01 0.49
2.02 0.49
2.03 0.49
2.04 0.49
2.05 0.49
2.06 0.49
2.07 0.49
2.08 0.49
2.09 0.49
2.10 0.49
2.11 0.49
2.12 0.49
2.13 0.50
2.14 0.50
2.15 0.50
2.16 0.50
2.17 0.50
2.18 0.50
2.19 0.50
2.20 0.50
2.21 0.50
2.22 0.50
2.23 0.50
2.24 0.50
2.25 0.51
2.26 0.51
2.27 0.51
2.28 0.51
2.29 0.51
2.30 0.51
2.31 0.51
2.32 0.51
2.33 0.51
2.34 0.51
2.35 0.51
2.36 0.51
2.37 0.51
2.38 0.51
2.39 0.51
2.40 0.51
2.41 0.51
2.42 0.51
2.43 0.51
2.44 0.51
2.45 0.51
2.46 0.51
2.47 0.51
2.48 0.51
2.49 0.51
2.50 0.51
2.51 0.51
2.52 0.51
2.53 0.51
2.54 0.51
2.55 0.51
2.56 0.51
2.57 0.51
2.58 0.51
2.59 0.51
2.60 0.51
2.61 0.51
2.62 0.51
2.63 0.51
2.64 0.51
2.65 0.51
2.66 0.51
2.67 0.51
2.68 0.51
2.69 0.51
2.70 0.51
2.71 0.51
2.72 0.51
2.73 0.51
2.74 0.51
2.75 0.51
2.76 0.51
2.77 0.51
2.78 0.51
2.79 0.51
2.80 0.51
2.81 0.51
2.82 0.51
2.83 0.51
2.84 0.51
2.85 0.51
2.86 0.51
2.87 0.51
2.88 0.51
2.89 0.51
2.90 0.51
2.91 0.51
2.92 0.51
2.93 0.51
2.94 0.51
2.95 0.51
2.96 0.51
2.97 0.51
2.98 0.51
2.99 0.51
3.00 0.51
3.01 0.51
3.02 0.51
3.03 0.51
3.04 0.51
3.05 0.51
3.06 0.51
3.07 0.51
3.08 0.51
3.09 0.51
3.10 0.51
3.11 0.51
3.12 0.51
3.13 0.51
3.14 0.51
3.15 0.51
 Permissible Bond stress Table tbd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)
M-10 M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 M-45 M-50
-- 0.6 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

2.0
Development Length in tension
1.6
Plain M.S. Bars H.Y.S.D. Bars
tbd (N / mm2) kd = L d F tbd (N / mm2) kd = L d F
1.2
0.6 58 0.96 60
0.8 44 1.28 45
0.8
0.9 39 1.44 40
1 35 1.6 36
0.4
1.1 32 1.76 33
1.2 29 1.92 30
1.3 27 2.08 28
1.4 25 2.24 26

for steeel
fy 500
fy 415
Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000) fy 328
Permission stress in compression (N/mm ) Permissible stress in bond (Average) for
2
fy 250
Bending acbc Direct (acc) plain bars in tention (N/mm2) fy 207
(N/mm2) Kg/m2 (N/mm2) Kg/m2 (N/mm2) in kg/m2
3.0 300 2.5 250 -- --
5.0 500 4.0 400 0.6 60
7.0 700 5.0 500 0.8 80
8.5 850 6.0 600 0.9 90
10.0 1000 8.0 800 1.0 100
11.5 1150 9.0 900 1.1 110
13.0 1300 10.0 1000 1.2 120
14.5 1450 11.0 1100 1.3 130
16.0 1600 12.0 1200 1.4 140

Maximum shear stress tc.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40

tc.max 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.5
able
500
2.00
1.80
1.65
1.50
1.40
1.35
1.30
1.20
1.16
1.08
1.00
0.95
0.90
0.86
0.84
0.82
0.81
0.80
0.79
0.78
0.77
0.76
0.75
0.74
0.73
0.72
0.72
0.72
0.71
0.71
0.71
0.70
0.70
0.69
0.69
0.68
0.68

Degree
1
2
3
 4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
 55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90

for cylenlidrical tank (Reyolndhand book)

K1 K2
30 40 10 20 30 40
0.45 0.4 0.32 0.46 0.53 0.5
0.38 0.33 0.35 0.53 0.6 0.66
0.35 0.3 0.44 0.58 0.65 0.7
0.32 0.27 0.48 0.63 0.69 0.73
0.24 0.21 0.62 0.73 0.74 0.83
0.19 0.16 0.73 0.81 0.85 0.88
0.17 0.14 0.8 0.85 0.87 0.9
 fs = 120 =fy200
2.0
fs =145 =fy250
fs =190 =fy328
1.6
fs =240 =fy415
fs = 290 =fy500
1.2

0.8

0.4

0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2

Modification factore
Fig 7.1
Fs= steel stress of service load =0.58fy

= Fs 290 N/mm2
= Fs 240 N/mm2
= Fs 190 N/mm2
= Fs 145 N/mm2
= Fs 120 N/mm2