Pre task - Introduction

Individual work

Andres Felipe Quintero

Group 203058_45

1214731804

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD

Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnología e Ingeniería

Teoría Electromagnética y Ondas

2020 16-01
 Introduction

Solution of the 5 questions

1. What is an electromagnetic wave?

Electricity can be static, like the energy that can make your hair stand on end. Magnetism can also be
static, as it is in a refrigerator magnet. A changing magnetic field will induce a changing electric field and
vice-versa—the two are linked. These changing fields form electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves
differ from mechanical waves in that they do not require a medium to propagate. This means that
electromagnetic waves can travel not only through air and solid materials, but also through the vacuum of
space.

In the 1860's and 1870's, a Scottish scientist named James Clerk Maxwell developed a scientific theory to
explain electromagnetic waves. He noticed that electrical fields and magnetic fields can couple together to
form electromagnetic waves. He summarized this relationship between electricity and magnetism into what
are now referred to as "Maxwell's Equations."

2. What is electrical permittivity 𝜺 and magnetic permeability 𝝁 of a medium?

Difference Between Permittivity & Permeability

One of the major difference between the permittivity and the permeability is that the permittivity measures
the obstruction generates by the material in the formation of an electric field. Whereas, the permeability
measures the ability of the material to allow the magnetic lines of force to pass through it. The other
differences between the permittivity and permeability are explained below in the comparison chart.

The permittivity of the material depends on their property of polarisation, and the permeability depends on
magnetism.
 3. In a vacuum, what is the value of the electric permittivity 𝜺𝒐 and the magnetic permeability
𝝁𝒐?

We first examine the equation that allows us to calculate the speed of light ([1], p.689), and that was given
to us by Maxwell when he discovered more than 150 years ago that the reciprocal of the product of the
constants of permittivity and of the permeability of the vacuum equivalent to the square of the speed of light:

where 𝜺𝒐 is the vacuum permittivity constant, whose value is:

faradio by meter.
The constant 𝝁𝒐 on the other hand is the magnetic permeability constant of the vacuum and was calculated
very precisely as being:

It is very interesting to note here that the vacuum permittivity constant 𝜺𝒐 is really a measure of transverse
capacitance per meter (usually symbolized by "C"), linked to the "presence of electrical energy" in
electromagnetism, and that the vacuum permeability constant 𝝁𝒐 is actually a measure of transverse
inductance per meter (usually symbolized by "L" ), linked to the "presence of magnetic energy" in
electrodynamics.
4. From the following wave equation:

where 𝑪𝟏,𝑪𝟐 and 𝑪𝟑 correspond to the last 3 digits of your identification, calculate:
a. Amplitude 𝑨.
b. Frequency 𝒇.
c. Wavelength 𝝀.
d. Propagation speed 𝑽𝒑=𝒇 𝝀.
e. Wave number 𝒌.
f. Angular frequency 𝒘.
g. Direction of travel.
h. Polarization direction.

Conclusions

Bibliography