IT700 Network Layer Presentation

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 Network Layer
3rd Layer (on top of DLL) in OSI reference model

APPLICATION

PRESENTATION

SESSION

TRANSPORT

NETWORK

DLL
PHYSICAL

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 IT700 Network Layer Features
• Automatic Creation and Maintenance of Optimized Tree type
network

• Smart Repeating – every Remote serves also an Repeater

• Automatic Addressing - selecting a network

address via the concentrator and associating
nodes with the concentrator by assigning
logical addresses to nodes in the network.

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 IT700 Network Layer Features
(cont.)
• Adaptive Routing Mechanism - responsible for identifying, creating
and maintaining a route between every node in the network and the
concentrator node
– Automatic Detection and Recovery from Link Failure
– Automatic Link Optimization

• Data Services –
– Intranetworking Unicast/Broadcast
– Internetworking Unicast/Broadcast

• Fast Recovery from Power Down

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 Addressing - Background
• When nodes in the network are first on-line, every node has a
factory assigned serial number.

• The serial number is a 16 byte identification address that can be

used in the early stages of communications, but is inefficient for
normal communication.

• In Intranetworking communication the network uses logical

addresses that are a combination of a network address (10 bits) and
a node address (11 bits).

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 Addressing – Background
(cont.)
• The Addressing module has two main functions:
– Select network address and resolve conflicts with other
networks.
– Associate nodes in the network with the created network, by
assigning nodes addresses.

• The process of assigning a node address is, in effect, the admission

of a node to the network that is managed by the Concentrator.

• The admission phase can be automatic or in conjunction with the

upper layer that may contain a list of nodes that are allowed to join
the network, thus preventing unwanted nodes from receiving
service.

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 Addressing Services
• Network Address Management:
– Network address selection
– Network address announcements
– Network address conflict resolution

• Nodes Admission:
– Admission of nodes to the network automatically by a serial ID
range
– Communication with the upper layer for admission information.

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 Addressing Services
(cont.)
• Node Address Assignment
– Assign node address to nodes in the network
– Maintain nodes address data base
– Resolve node address conflicts

• Node address acceptance

– Node is configured with a node key.
– Node accepts address assignment only if contains the node key.

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 Routing - Background
• The DLL assumes a physical connection between the transmitter
and receiver.

• When there is no physical connection between the original

transmitter and final receiver, communication must be performed
via repeaters.

• Many applications (for example AMR) define a tree topology wherein

there is communication between a single node (network
concentrator or base station) and multiple nodes (remote stations).

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 Routing Services
• Route Discovery – each node discovers a route to the concentrator.

• Route Maintenance and Self Recovery:

– Direct parent link maintenance – the link to the direct parent is
continuously maintained.
– Concentrator route maintenance – the entire route to the
concentrator is maintained.

• Route Optimization – the route to the concentrator is optimized.

• Routing – provides a route for the uplink and downlink direction and
supports intermediate packet header updates.

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 Routing Services (Cont.)
• Concentrator Recovery –
– Reset: after reset the concentrator retrieves network data from
a non-volatile memory
– Replacement: when the concentrator is replaced, it resets the
network data and re-establishes the network.

• Interface to Upper layer – the network layer provides various

functions to manage, monitor and configure the network layer.

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 Target Applications

• Automatic Meter Reading

• Energy Management Systems

• Industrial Automation Systems

• Street Light Control

• Home Control / Automation Systems

• And many more

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Thank You

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