BAUM-BOTT RESIDUES OF LOGARITHMIC FOLIATIONS ALONG FREE DIVISORS BELO HORIZONTE - 11/03/2020We prove a type Baum-Bott residual formula for one-dimensional holomorphic foliations, logarithmic along a free divisor. We get an expression for this residue in terms of the Grothendieck residue, when the logarithmic foliation have isolated singularities. If the invariant divisor by foliation is an analytic hypersurface with nor- mal crossing singularities, then we obtain a more explicity formula for this Baum-Bott residue and as an application we show that its coincides with logarithmic-index of foliation. In particular, we get a residual formula for logarithmic-index. This is joint work with: . Mauricio Corréa (UFMG) . Fernando Lourenco (UFLA) . Anténio M. Ferreira (UFLA).P. Baum and R. Bott developed a work about residues of singularities of holomorphic foliations on complex manifolds. Theorem (Baum-Bott). Let F be an one dimensional foliation on a complex ma- nifold X of dimension n, 9 a homogencous symmetric polynomial of degree n and S @ compact connected component of the singular set of F. Denote by T the tangent bundle of F (i) There exists a homology class Res,(¥,Tx —Tx:S) € Ho(S:C), which is a compler number that depends only on g and on the local behavior of the leaves of F near S. (ii) If X is compact, then [ o(Tx - Te) =) Resy(F,Tx — Tx; 5s), * x where the sum is taken over all the connected components Sx of singular tof FWe observed that, in general, the computation and determination of the residues is difficult. + F. Bracci and T. Suwa(2015) study the behaviorof the Baum-Bott resi- dues under smooth deformations, providing an effective way of computing residues + M. Corréa, F, Lourenco (2019) considering high dimension foliation have proved that the residues can be expressed in terms of the Grothendieck residue of an one-dimensional foliation defined on appropriate domain.If the foliation has isolated singulariti , the residy can be expressed in terms of a Grothendieck residue more precisely, in this case, for each p € Sing(F) isolated singularity of #, we have (P. Baum, R. Bott, 1970) Resg(F,Tx — Ts; {p}) = Resp U1 go (Jv)Logarithmics forms and logarithmics vector fields > Considering D a divisor on X (a n-dimensional complex manifold, compact). Given h = 0 a (reduced) equation for ‘D, locally at p € X;Logarithmics forms and logarithmics vector fields > Considering D a divisor on X (a n-dimensional complex manifold, compact). Given h = 0 a (reduced) equation for D, locally at p € X; A meromorphic q-form w on X is logarithmic along D at p if hw and hdw are holomorphics.Logarithmics forms and logarithmics vector fields > Considering D a divisor on X (a n-dimensional complex manifold, compact). Given h = 0 a (reduced) equation for ‘D, locally at p € X; ‘A meromorphic q-form w on X is logarithmic along D at p if hw and hd are holomorphics. . Denoting by 0%, , (log D) = {germs of logarithmics q-forms at p} we define the following coherent sheaf of Ox-modules MX (logD) = J %,,(logD) vex called sheaf of logarithmies g-forms along D.Logarithmics forms and logarithmics vector fields > Considering D a divisor on X (a n-dimensional complex manifold, compact). Given h = 0 a (reduced) equation for ‘D, locally at p € X; ‘A meromorphic q-form w on X is logarithmic along D at p if hw and hd are holomorphics. - Denoting by 2% ,(logD) = {germs of logarithmics q-forms at p} we define the following coherent sheaf of Ox-modules MX (logD) = J %,,(logD) vex called sheaf of logarithmies g-forms along D. . Now, denoting by Tx,p(—log D) = {v € Tx,p : v(h) € (h)} we define the following coherent sheaf of Ox-modules Tx(-logD) := J Tx,»(—logD), pex called sheaf of logarithmics vector fields along D.Logarithmics forms and logarithmics vector fields > K, Saito (1980) developed a general theory for these sheaves: 4(logD) and Tx (—logD) are dual to each other > Definition: D is called a free divisor if 9, (logD) is free ( 4 Txx(—logD) is free). > Examples: plane curves and normal crossing divisors.THE LOGARITHMIC INDEX © F a foliation on X of dimension one, with isolated singularities and logarithmic along D.THE LOGARITHMIC INDEX > F a foliation on X of dimension one, with isolated singularities and logarithmic along D. For each p € X, the logarithmic index of the F in p is defined by (A. G. Aleksandrov, 2005): IndyoyD,y(F) = D0(-1)'dim Hi(QX,, (log D)). 0THE LOGARITHMIC INDEX > F a foliation on X of dimension one, with isolated singularities and logarithmic along D. For each p € X, the logarithmic index of the F in p is defined by (A. G. Aleksandrov, 2005): IndyoyD,y(F) = D0(-1)'dim Hi(QX,, (log D)). 0 Given p € D, if p € Sing(F), then (A. G. Aleksandrov, 2005) Indyog D,p(F) = bp (F) — GSV(F,D,p).THE LOGARITHMIC INDEX > F a foliation on X of dimension one, with isolated singularities and logarithmic along D. For each p € X, the logarithmic index of the F in p is defined by (A. G. Aleksandrov, 2005): IndjggDp(F) = YO(-1)'dim Hi(O%p(log D)). S Given p € D, if p € Sing(F), then (A. G. Aleksandrov, 2005) Indiog D p(F) = Up(F) — GSV(F,D,p)- In particular, if p € Dreg, then IndjogD,p(F) = te (F) — Hp (F lp) and if p is a non-degenerates singularity of F, then Indyog D,y(F) = 0-Correa and Machado (2016) obtained a Baum-Bott type formula for non- compact complex manifold of the form X = X —D, where X is a complex compact manifold and D is a normal crossing divisor on X. As applications, demonstrated an optimal description for a smooth hypersurface D invariant by an one-dimensional foliation F on P" satisfying (F) ¢ D.Correa and Machado (2016) obtained a Baum-Bott type formula for non- compact complex manifold of the form X = X —D, where X is a complex compact manifold and D is a normal crossing divisor on X. As applications, demonstrated an optimal description for a smooth hypersurface D invariant by an one-dimensional foliation F on P" satisfying (F) ¢ D. ‘Theorem (Corréa and Machado, 2016). Let X be a complex manifold such that X = X—D, where X is a n-dimensional complex manifold, compact and D CX a normally crossing hypersurface. If F is an one-dimensional foliation on X, with isolated singularities (non- degenerates) and logarithmic along D, then [ en(Fx(-logD)—Tr) = Yo Rese FT — Tes (0h) 2 peSing(FIn(X—D)Theorem (Corréa and Machado, 2016). On P", let D be a smooth and irreducible hypersurface and let F be a foliation of dimension one, with isolated singularities (non-degenerates) and logarithmic along D. Denotes by #SingonD(F) the number of singularities of F in P" \ D. (1) If n is odd, then: (a) #Singen pF) >0 <=> deg(D) < deg(F) +1; (b) #Singenyp(F) =0 => deg(D) = deg(F) +1 (2) Ifn és even, then: deg(D) # deg(F) +1 (a) #Singon D(F)>0 => ¢ or deg(D) = deg(F) +1, with deg(F) #0 (b) #Singoayp(F) =0 <=> deg(D) =1 and deg(F) =0. (8) If deg(D) = k and deg(F) = d, then #Singem DF) = Y(-1'(e= Dla, &More recently, Correa and Machado (2019) obtained more general ve ons of these results. Theorem (Corréa and Machado, 2019). Let F be an one-dimensional foliation with isolated singularities and logarithmic along a normal crossing divisor D on a complex compact manifold X. Then [ en(Tx(— log D) — Tr) = x = SD Res,,,(F,Tx — Tr; {p}) + B Indtogp.p(F)- pe Sing FIN(X\D) peSingFINDTheorem (Corréa and Machado, 2019). - Let F be an one-dimensional foliation on P”, of degree d > 1, with isolated singularities and logarithmic along a normal crossing divisor D = USD; Denote dj := deg(D;). () If Indpogo.x(F) =0, for all x € Sing(F) OD, then Sl Rese, (F,Tx-Teite =o (‘ ; 2) On-i(di—l,...,dy—1,d-2) reSingFX\D) 0 where oni is the complete symmetric function of degree (n — i) in the variables (dy = 1,...,de — 1d 2) In this case, we can also conclude that if d= 2, n > k and d, = 1 for all i, then Sing(F)0(X \ D) =0. Otherwise, we have Sing(¥)N (X \ D) # 0. (ii) If Sing(F) CD, then YS Indiogo(F) => (Cs "Jeni = Tyas, 1d 2). reSing(F)D =0BAUM-BOTT RESIDUES OF LOGARITHMIC FOLIATIONS Theorem (Corréa, Lourengo, Machado and Ferreira, 2020). Let F be an one-dimensional holomorphic foliation on a complex manifold X., logarithmic along an analytic free divisor D C X and y a homogeneous symmetric polynomial of degree n. Then (i) For each compact connected component $y C Sing(F) of the singular set of F, there exists the residue Res!29 (F.7x(-log DY) Ss); which is a complex number that depends only on g and on the local behavior of the leaves of F near Sy. (ii) If X is compact, then [ o(Tx(- log D) - Tr) = Res? (F,Tx(—log D) — Tr,Ss). x » where the sum is taken over all the connected components Sy of singular set of F.BAUM-BOTT RESIDUES OF LOGARITHMIC FOLIATIONS: ISOLATED SINGULARITIES Given p € D, if D is a free divisor, by Saito’s criterion _, there exist n vector fields germs 61,...6, € Tx,p(—log D) such that {61,...5,,} is a system of Ox.p—free basis for Tx.»(— log D). The relations 6 aya +..-+ Gin da define the n x n matrix {a;;] with holomorphic coefficients 2. enBAUM-BOTT RESIDUES OF LOGARITHMIC FOLIATIONS: ISOLATED SINGULARITIES Given p € D, if D is a free divisor, by Saito’s criterion _, there exist n vector fields germs 61,...6 € Tx,p(—log D) such that {41,...5,} is a system of Ox.p—free basis for Tx.»(— log D). The relations define the n x n matrix [aij] with holomorphic coefficients and we will denotes by [J(61,---5n,0)] the transpose of the n x n matrix whose i-th column is defined by (J6,)v — (Jv)6;, where ays Aa, av, au, On Oem u Ba Bam (Jé,)v—(Jo)6i = a pou ani ans en vy vn On 7 Btn Inxn ot LG "Btn Jaen in medBAUM-BOTT RESIDUES OF LOGARITHMIC FOLIATIONS: ISOLATED SINGULARITIES Theorem (Corréa, Lourengo, Machado and Ferreira, 2020). Let F be an one-dimensional holomorphic foliation on a complex manifold X, with isolated singularities and logarithmic along an analytic free divisor D CX and a homogeneous symmetric polynomial of degree n. Then for each p € Sing(F)ND, we have that Reslo9 (F,Tx(—log D) ~ Tx, {9}) = @eV=" Resp | (Wa, iy see5Un +18 ®)Hag]) |.THE NORMAL CROSSING CASE Now, in the case where D is a normal crossing divisor, we can assume that in the neighborhood U of point p € D , the hypersurface D is defined by {21 ... = = 0}THE NORMAL CROSSING CASE Now, in the case where D is a normal crossing divisor, we can assume that in the neighborhood U of point p € D , the hypersurface D is defined by {21 ... =. = 0} In this case, a system of Ox,»—free basis for Tx, (—log D) is given by a on Fag aa Bay mayTHE NORMAL CROSSING CASE Now, in the case where D is a normal crossing divisor, we can assume that in the neighborhood U of point p € D , the hypersurface D is defined by {21 ... 2. = 0} In this case, a system of Ox ,.—free basis for Tx,»(— log D) is given by a 2. -f. 217°" 85, Bey’? Oem a a On + +R +e a a Dexa +... tOn dn where the germs of holomorphic functions ),...,0n € Ox.» ate the coordinates of v in relation to above free basis. and we can write v = 012THE NORMAL CROSSING CASE Now, in the case where D is a normal crossing divisor, we can assume that in the neighborhood U of point p € D , the hypersurface D is defined by {21 ... 2. = 0} In this case, a system of Ox ,.—free basis for Tx,»(— log D) is given by a 2. -f. 217°" 85, Bey’? Oem a Oo oO a and we can write vathage t+ tne a + Penge t t+ Ona where the germs of holomorphic functions ¥1,..., Jn € Ox-p are the coordinates of v in relation to above free basis. We define the n x n matrix M(p) given by matte gO _ a Om, Deer Oe 2 _ 002 __ ads _ ads M(p) = |, "On Ore Ben Bn Bn nn 8 Dae OmTheorem (Corréa, Lourengo, Machado and Ferreira, 2020). Let F be an one-dimensional holomorphic foliation on a complex manifold X, logarithmic along a normally crossing hypersurface D and g a homo- gencous symmetric polynomial of degree n. Then for each isolated singular point p& Sing(F) OD, we have that Resles (F,Tx( log D) — 7 >{P)) = (2n/=1)" Res,Theorem (Corréa, Lourengo, Machado and Ferreira, 2020). Let F be an one-dimensional holomorphic foliation on a complex manifold X, logarithmic along a normally crossing hypersurface D and g a homo- geneous symmetric polynomial of degree n. Then for each isolated singular point pe Sing. F) ND, we have that Upper Resles (%,Tx(—log D)— Ts.{p}) = (2rV¥=1)" Resp e(M@)) |. Corollary Let # be an one-dimensional holomorphic foliation. on a complex manifold X, logarithmic along a normally crossing hypersurface D. Considering y the homogeneous symmetric polynomial of degree n as the determinant function det, then for each p € Sing(F)ND, we have that Resi (#,Tx(—log D) - Ts, {p}) = (-1)"@rV=1)" Indogo oF). In particular, we have the following residual formula for logarithmic-index e(M(p)) Ind og. F a ovo - ULyee+ Un (-1)"Res,