PROSTATE CANCER Stage 3: the cancer is in tissues near the
prostate. It also may have reached the
PROSTATE
 Walnut-sized gland located between
the bladder and the penis
 Secretes fluid that nourishes and
protects the sperm
- during ejaculation, it squeezes
this fluid into the prostatic
urethra, and it’s expelled with the
sperm
PROSTATE CANCER
 most common form of cancer in men
(after skin cancer)
 1 man in 9 will be diagnosed with
prostate cancer during his lifetime.
 Almost all prostate cancers
are adenocarcinomas. These
cancers develop from the gland cells
(the cells that make the prostate fluid
that is added to the semen)
 Other types of cancer that can start
in the prostate include:
o Small cell carcinoma
o Neuroendocrine tumors
(other than small cell
carcinomas)
o Transitional cell carcinomas
o Sarcomas
STAGES
Stage 1: the cancer is confined to the
prostate. Stage I can’t be detected during a
digital rectal exam. It is usually expected to
be slow growing.
Stage 2: the cancer may be detected during
a digital rectal exam. The disease is still
confined to the prostate, but the cells may
be abnormal and may grow faster.
seminal vesicles.
Stage 4: the cancer has invaded other parts
of the body, such as the rectum,
nearby lymph nodes or bone.
ETIOLOGY
 Old Age
 Genes
 Black men
Get tested if you’re:
 Age 50 for average low risk men
 Age 45 for men at high risk
 Age 40 for men with more that one
1st degree family members at an
early age
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
 Most are asymptomatic
 Frequent urination
 Difficulty/stopping of urination
 Weak or interrupted urinary stream
 Painful or burning sensation during
urination or ejaculation
 Blood in urine or semen
Advanced:
 Deep pain in lower back, hips, and
upper thighs
Because of treatment:
 Erectile Dysfunction
DIAGNOSIS:
 Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)
 Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)
 Prostate Ultrasound (Transrectal
Ultrasound)
 MRI
 Prostate Biopsy
 TNM System (Tumor, Nodes,
Metastasized)
 Gleason Grade Group
 Grade 1: The cancerous prostate
closely resembles normal prostate
tissues. The glands are small, well-
formed and closely packed.
Grade 2: The tissue still has well-
formed glands, but they are larger
and have more tissue between
them.
Grade 3: The tissue still has
recognizable glands, but the cells
are darker. At high magnification,
some of the cells have left the
glands and are beginning to invade
surrounding tissue.
Grade 4: The tissue has few
recognizable glands. Many cells are
invading the surrounding tissue.
Grade 5: The tissue does not have
recognizable glands. There are often
just sheets of cells throughout the
surrounding tissue.

TREATMENT:
 Prostatectomy
 Radiation Therapy
 Radioactive Seed Implants
 Cryotherapy
 Hormone therapy
 Chemotherapy
 Watchful waiting

Thank you!