2018~ WOFKDOOK @| Detailed Explanations of a Try Yourself Questions Electronics Engineering Communication SystemsAmplitude Modulation @ Detalled Explanation wt Try Yourself Questions Es thus (0) = x(0) = m(t) cos2400nt ox(t) +20) Kl) = 10m(t) cos(2400nt) + m?() cos%(2400nt) = 10m(t) cos(2aoont) + Lm?(t).cos(4800nt) Drawing the spectrum set spectrum of x(t) be 2) {\ LN —ia00-W } —200+ Ww GaDO= Wf 4200 we to aK 40 =i70 7000700 700TH) Wt) = 10x(t) +22(2) w oh ‘omiese240%t yan 7200 300 rz00-w'™ oo+w 2400-218" zeta +20 For 2(t) = 10x(t), maximum value of W must be less than 350 Hz. wwwmadeeasypublications.org MADE ERSY © CopyrightMADE EASY Workbook 3 EA so. The signal s() = Apt +po0s(w,,()] cos (0,0) SU emaee = (Aco! + AEH eftavont gfer-nt)] Sle = [stthae™] (where, s(Q)|, = the complex signal (2) and s(t)|,. = the complex low pass equal of the signal s()) Sllgg = Ac +Att[cosw, + sino yf]+ “2 [c08 0, = jsinogt] Putting the conditions given in the questions we get Oleg = 1 Zle080, + sin nt] 1[e0s6, -jsingt] 3 1 = 1+ Scostnt—jAsin(ogt SiQNog = 1+ Goosen jzsin(ent) % 2 ype Acnvelop = [(1+Seeson9} +(dsnvo,t) | LE3 sol. Expression for AM signal Vayll) = Ap cosact + Acm, cOS(; +O) + Acm, Costa, ~ O,)t Also 14. Eo Conn MADE EASY woramadeeasypubliations.org)4 Electronics Engineering © Communication Systems MADE EASY Publieatone RC c ce 1 h-057 * 10" 2nx 25x10 05 Cs 1AnF 75. Eo We have Spea() = m(t) cos @,t = (acos (w,t) + bcos (w,!) cos (o,0) o Spse = Facos(o w+ Lacosto, +0) 1 1 zooos(o-a,}t+ 5 beos(a, + ,) ‘These sinusoidal are transmitted through H(w) which has a gain of 0, a, 1 —aand 1 at frequency ( (o,-©,), (o, + 0,) and (@, + @,) respectively, Thus VSB filter output Sys9(t) is S\sa(l) Faacos(o, ~ 0) +2alt-a)eos(a, + ot J beos(o, =o) Atdemodulator Scer4) Syeq(l) 608 0,f = lacoste.) + beos(e,t)) + Fla ccc0s(20, -0,)t + a(1-a)cos(2u, +0,)t +beos(2w, + 0,)t] Using low pass fiter to eliminate the double frequeriéy term M0 = Hacos(o,) + beos(o.0) = jm) Faso. 3. dixg lezen wi) = [fxoeg sao Y= [Sends [-isanin] x]enr-m) 3 4 = GU) + Pega) XW) — | wonumadeeasypublcations.org MADE EASY PublicationsMADE EASY Workbook 5 [34 yn = [S+tsan¢—iny]-x1r ny Sontt—W. 4 samt— sari samt W) 4 Santt—W 1 ato 7 ' 7 ‘ 4 4 {Sanit W) 1 4 —T— a w wt) e copyright MADE ERSY wonumadeeasypublications.org )Angle Modulation 2 Detalled Explanation 9 of Try Yourself Questions Eid sol. Maximum instantenious frequency f= 4+ Sem 10° (Kp) 95x10? = 4/2} x104 115.95 x10 on * oa)” K, 5 = (Ke) cot 10° = (2) (KY (2x) k, = 2nx 10Hrtz/Volt K, = 10rad/volt Kymit) _ Si) = 10 cos [2m x 10° + 20nL4r()— Gt 1) + 2r(t- 291] www.madeeasypublications.org MADE EASY © CopyrightMADE EASY Workbook 7 Publications Standard FM expression is given by: s(t) A, cos| 2nfot + 2nk,| mit)at] 2rk | mie = 20m (411) ~6r(t~ 1) + 2nt-2)) Kym(t) = 10[4 Wt) 6u(t-1) + 2r(t-2)] Af = max|Ayn(t)| = 40 Hz Beg sot. Maximum frequency deviation Mae Ezy sol. Compairing the equation with the standard equation. s(t) = Acosfw,t+ k, m(0)] K,m(t) = 0.1 sin 10%) mi = 2Atsin(ro%nty ky = 0.01 sin (10° nt) Similarly s(t) = Acos| wat + K;f mit)at] KJm{t) dt = 0.1 sin(10%x9 04 Sot Jmtoat Faq sinctoat) 0.1% 10% St = cos(tO°xt) = 10c0s(10% x) Li sol. Ay = 5 fy = 10012} AP= KAg= 1 HE Ay = 1OV, fy = 50 Hz} Af = 2 KHZ Toget Af = 30kHz frequency multiplication factor should be 15 — pupae © Copyright MADE EASY won madeessypublcations org Publlaations8 | Electronics Engineering ® Communication Systems MADE EASY ications OW = 20--My poe A,,i8 doubled => B = 10; BW = moran kHz MADE EASY Publications MADE ERSY ub4 sot Given 88.5 MHz < f, < 108 MHz Radio Receivers Detailed Explanation f Try Yourself Questions Also, fom f = 108MHe or fo = 10.8 MHz + f, fig = 108 + 885=993MHz flo, = 10.8 + 108 = 118.8 MHz range = 99.9MH2~118.8MHz G, fae) 5 Ee of fae)” 2 1 05 o- Sela) Where fax = met LPR frin= ty HIF A105 1F SSE = 14 =1204 HOS +1F = 90x 1,204 + Fx 1,204, 2.126 = 0.2041F or IF = 10.42 MHz Also Image frequency f+20F 125 = f+2x 1042 f, = 104.16MHiz oo e copyright MADE ERSY wwwmadeeasypublications.org |Sampling and Pulse Code Modulation @ Detalled Explanation of Try Yourself Questions Es Maximum peak of m(t) is = Yoo “Vrn m(t) = sin100nt+ cost wwwmadeeasypublications.org MADE ERSY © CopyrightMADE EASY Workbook | 44 Publiestions fea set. 2A Step side A = = (where A= number of bits) wR signal power = A aha 2 - EP Sen (owe, = AP =A) (MA, = s0109($ 28) =1.8+6.008 zy soi. — pupae ‘© copyright MADE ERSY vvavmadeeasypubeatonsorg)Digital Data Transmission Detalled Explanation 9 of Try Yourself Questions sol. ‘Average eneray = splav2at + 8(T0a)? + 4(V18a)?] = flea? + 200° + 18a") = 10a ea soi. Let signal | be represented as (4 sin Hosts oqo = Yen OstsT | 0 ; ostst and signal Il be represented as xt Assine | OstsT SA) passin’, oster The average energy of signal will be (2), t.4 Paes = aha |t2Om a Average energy of signal (i) p, - UA) A) 4 we 22)" 2)> 2 wwwmadeeasypublications.org MADE ERSY © CopyrightMADE EASY Workbook | 43 Sables $$ $$$ $_$____SPpubvos a& 2 I> aie = Ay L= 16 n= log, b=4 A, = nf,= 4% 40K = 160 kbps For Movel PSK; Bo = Bec *) 10K 4 9-2 MADE EASY Publications MADE ERSY ubllaationsBasic Information Theory Detailed Explanation of Try Yourself Questions Ga soi. , 08 02 0 = [04 02 o4] = Ws Ya vs} [ro-ne2 Bs. (We know that o{ }rimy>e{2)ptmioe{ etm) J => (0.6) (0.3) > (0.1) (0.8) > (0.1) (0.2) Hence, we select m, wherever /, is received. We also find that P| (Ejetem = of | ptm) a P{.\r¢on) = (0.5) (0.5) > (0.3) (0.3) > (0.1) (0.2) Hence, we select m, wherever r, is received We also find that P (om) > Pf) PU)» 2 Pt) wwwmadeeasypublications.org MADE ERSY © CopyrightMADE EASY Publications Workbook 15 > (0.4)(0.5) > (0.8) (0.2) > (0.1) (0.3) Hence, we select m, whenever r, is received. Pin) A( (0.6) (0.3) + (0.5) (0.5) + (0.5) (0.4) = 0.63 PC) oar For a binary symmantric channel for wrong transmission let the probability be p (i) The probability of being correct is Pte) Hence probability oferror, P(e) P(e) 73. on Thus mutual information and HYX) = “ XY) rue 14, Fo 75. Eo (© copyright A(X, Y) = ALY) = HUY) ~plog,p (1 ~ p) log, (1~ p) HY) + plog,p + (1-p) log, (1 UX Nina 1+ plog,p + (1 ~p) log, (1-p) P) 8C, P24 °C, PEW =P) P23 +3P2(1—P,) 3P2-2P3 Cm (Cy, Gye 0y yey, Ce 6,80,=x,8%, 6 05=%, 8%, G= 0,8 =x Ox, (45 p%gs Cas 5s Op) 107 [ey % ol = [x2 a]/1 10 o1t tot =|110 O14 ubllaations — worwmadecasypublcationsorg16 | Electronics Engineering © Communication Systems MADE EASY Pusllestions ira sot. Itis given that “1001 100" is a valid code word. = = 1001100 1b4 104 110 ai 100 o10 001 1b 4 104 110 CH =0 = [tootiog]|@ 1 1) =0 100 o 10 001 cH = [a bot tence on comparing, a= 0, b= 1 [@ > modulo-2 addition) Eas rr EE} 1 0.8 0.2) (Pylol = [38 | PU) = Pl Pyle 08 02) = [04 06} [33 oa [038 0.62] Py{0) = 0.38 Pt) = 062 — www.madeeasypublications.org MADE ERSY © copyriaht) PublicationsRandom Variables @ Detalled Explanation of Try Yourself Questions The A.C power of the signal is given as 6,2 where o,2is the standard deviation of = 61X7|-(E1X)? where ELX?] = second moment [EVO = (mean)? now, (AX? = lim Ry) = 6 and EX] = imRyg(s) = 10 0-6 Ww. Bey sol. gy = J irae = Jerar=ferae = {1 -e)=(e-1) © copyright MADE EASY wowmadeeasypublications org1g | Electronics Engineering © Communication Systems MADE EASY io otherwise SM) 3x10" 4 73 rite) i x Po 5.9 Then Sl 8) +S (+4) s(toos2rit A82_y Sal Nelo PSD of x(t) cos2nx8000t arbre) Now, BPF is given by Hn) ° 8 7 7 8 8 Fie) We know that sah 4) L-—> Mint? 0 ©. PSD of BPF output 2 8 7 ° 7 8 9 fiKti2) www.madeeasypublications.org MADE ERSY © CopyrightMADE EASY Workbook | 49 ‘Output power = area of output PSD (2x10) 1 10° = [eo 7 1000 - af1+t]-2swers AZ3 Sol. Ry(t) = 8 +5 =30. fea sol i) [like = 1 aoae™ds = 1 2a nf _ - aagal o > 2a = b (ii) edt = [St(d)de for x2 0 and J" G(x)de for x < 0 f(x) x<0 RB x ica sol. Y(t) = X(theos(2nt,t+ 8) power of Y(t) = E[¥%(}} = E[X%)-cos*(2nf,t+ 0}] = E[X%)} E[cos%{2nf.t+ 8)) EIX*(0] = Proc (l-o fear MADE EASY woramadeeasypubliations.org)Electronics Engineering © Communication Systems MADE EASY 20 Publications 13 Elcos?(2nt.t +6)] = = J cos’(2af.t + 8)ab = ° Power ot (9 = Rre(haof 14 = sinc(0)-3 = 4 LEA Sol. ‘To maximize the entropy, all the decision boundaries should be equiprobable 5 ¢ 1 1 1 ids = 2 bd = 1 ap=2 Joscoan 3 } 3 blsk = 3 1 4 ois— i= 5 4b=5 1 Pap : 1 1 (xJdx = — : dx = = : Jee 7 ue = 1 = ai-Cl]= 3 5 Bans a-i 6 —EE www.madeeasypublications.org MADE ERSY © Copyright Publications@ Detalled Explanation of Try Yourself Questions fa >>. pore Fi) 40)? x 100 10° = 102 x 10+ 1,,( (42 “2 = dent Fe= 90 “| =] Sol. © copyright MADE EASY wowmadeeasypublications org22 Electronics Engineering Communication Systems MADE EASY ———Purlleations Ep Ny 228 > = > 676 No £, > 1.852 x 10° Joule E,= Px, P > (1,362 x 10°) (108) Pz 1352mW MADE EASY Publications MADE ERSY ub