3.3.21-LRFD Splice Design PDF

Design Guides 3.3.
21 - LRFD Bolted Splice Design
3.3.21 LRFD Bolted Splice Design
This design guide contains a procedural outline for the design of bolted field splices in main
flexural members near points of dead load contraflexure using the LRFD Code. A worked
example is also included. The focus is on splices for straight bridges which are non-composite
in negative moment regions. The differences in the provisions between the LRFD and LFD
Codes are minor.
According to Article 6.13.1, splices should be designed for the factored forces at the location of
the splice, but shall not be designed for less than 75 percent of the factored resistance of the
member.
The primary articles for bolted splice design of flexural members in the LRFD Code are
1. General (6.13.6.1.4a)
2. Flange Splices (6.13.6.1.4c)
3. Web Splices (6.13.6.1.4b)
Article C6.13.6.1.4a stipulates that bolted splices located in regions of stress reversal near
points of dead load contraflexure shall be checked for both positive and negative flexure to
determine the controlling case. For the purpose of the included example design, compression
stresses are positive and tension stresses are negative.
LRFD Splice Design Procedure, Equations, and Outline
Determine Flange Stresses
If the splice connects different beam or girder sizes, the side of the splice that has the flange
with the smallest flexural resistance shall be used for stress calculations (C6.13.6.1.4a).
Stresses shall be calculated at the mid-thickness of the each flange (C6.13.6.1.4c).
May 2008 Page 3.3.21-1

Design Guides 3.3.21 - LRFD Bolted Splice Design
Stresses shall be determined using the gross section properties (6.13.6.1.4a).
⎛ Mc ⎞
f= ⎜ ⎟
⎝ I ⎠
Where:
f = flange stress (ksi)
M = moment from the load (k-in.)
c = distance from the neutral axis to the mid-thickness of the flange for which the
stress is calculated (in.)
I = moment of inertia of the beam or girder (in.4)
Strength I Stresses
Use the dead load and controlling live load plus impact stresses to calculate the Strength
I load case flange stresses. Controlling positive and negative live loads, as defined in
Article 3.6.1.2, shall be investigated in stress calculations. Stresses shall be factored
according to Article 3.4.1, using the maximum and minimum factors. To obtain critical
stresses, use the appropriate factors and exclude fDW if a more conservative result is
obtained.
fu = γDC1(fDC1) + γDC2(fDC2) + γDW(fDW) + 1.75(fLL+IM)
Where:
γDC1 = 1.25 or 0.90
γDC2 = 1.25 or 0.90
γDW = 1.50 or 0.65
fDC1 = unfactored stress calculated from DC1 moment (ksi)
fDC2 = unfactored stress calculated from DC2 moment (ksi)
fDW = unfactored stress calculated from DW moment (ksi)
fLL+IM = unfactored stress calculated from LL+IM moment (ksi)
Service II Stresses
Use the dead load and controlling live load plus impact stresses to calculate Service II
flange stresses. Controlling positive and negative live loads, as defined in Article
Page 3.3.21-2 May 2008

3.6.1.2, shall be investigated in stress calculations. Stresses shall be factored according
to Article 3.4.1. To obtain critical Service II stresses, fDW may be excluded if a more
conservative result is obtained.
fo = 1.0(fDC1) + 1.0(fDC2) + 1.0(fDW) + 1.3(fLL+IM)
Fatigue Stresses
Use the fatigue truck plus impact stresses to calculate Fatigue flange stresses (3.6.1.4).
Stresses shall be factored according to Article 3.4.1. Positive and negative fatigue
forces shall be investigated.
γ(fr) = 0.75(fLL+IM)
Determine Trial Flange Splice Plates
To begin a design, trial flange splice plates are chosen. Each plate shall be a minimum ½
in. thick and shall extend as near to the beam or girder width as possible. If flange widths
transition at the splice location, size the flange splice plate to the smaller width. See also
Section 3.3.21 of the Bridge Manual.
Determine Trial Flange Splice Plate Bolt Layout
Choose a trial flange splice bolt layout using spacing requirements detailed in Article
6.13.2.6 and Section 3.3.21 of the Bridge Manual. Splice bolts shall be ⅞ in. diameter High
Strength (H.S.) A325 bolts with standard holes. A minimum of two bolt rows shall be used
on each side of the splice connection element (6.13.6.1.4a).
Calculate Flange Effective Area, Ae (6.13.6.1.4c)
Positive Flexure
The bottom flange is in tension and the top flange is in compression.
May 2008 Page 3.3.21-3

Bottom Flange
⎛φ F ⎞
Ae = ⎜ u u ⎟A n ≤ A g (Eq. 6.13.6.1.4c-2)
⎜ φ y Fyt ⎟
⎝ ⎠
Top Flange
Ae = Ag (6.13.6.1.4c)
Where:
φu = 0.80 (6.5.4.2)
φy = 0.95 (6.5.4.2)
Fu = specified minimum tensile strength of tension flange (ksi) (Table 6.4.1-1)
Fyt = specified minimum yield strength of tension flange (ksi)
Ag = gross area of the applicable flange (in.2)
An = net area of the applicable flange = Wn × t (in.2)
Wn = net width of the applicable flange (in.)
t = thickness of the applicable flange (in.)
Negative Flexure
The bottom flange is in compression and the top flange is in tension.
Bottom Flange
Ae = Ag
Top Flange
⎛φ F ⎞
Ae = ⎜ u u ⎟A n ≤ A g (Eq. 6.13.6.1.4c-2)
⎜ φ y Fyt ⎟
⎝ ⎠
Determine Strength I Controlling and Non-controlling Flange Stresses
Positive Flexure
Compare Strength I flange stresses. The largest absolute value flange stress is the
controlling flange stress, fcf, and the corresponding stress is the non-controlling flange
stress, fncf.
Page 3.3.21-4 May 2008

Negative Flexure
Compare Strength I flange stresses. The largest absolute value flange stress is the
controlling flange stress, fcf, and the corresponding stress is the non-controlling flange
stress, fncf.
Calculate Strength I Flange Design Forces (6.13.6.1.4c)
Positive Flexure
Controlling Flange Design Force, Pcf
Pcf = Fcf × Ae
Where:
⎛ f cf ⎞
⎜ + αφ f Fyf ⎟
⎜ Rh ⎟
Fcf = ⎜ ⎟ ≥ 0.75αφ f Fyf (ksi) (Eq. 6.13.6.1.4c-1)
⎜ 2 ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
fcf = controlling flange stress (ksi)
Rh = 1.0 (if Fcf ≤ Fyw)
α = 1.0
φf = 1.0 (6.5.4.2)
Fyf = specified minimum yield of the flange (ksi)
Fyw = specified minimum yield of the web (ksi)
Ae = effective area of the controlling flange (in.2)
Non-controlling Flange Design Force, Pncf

Pncf = Fncf × Ae
Where:
fncf
Fncf = R cf ≥ 0.75αφ f Fyf (ksi) (Eq. 6.13.6.1.4c-3)
Rh
Fcf
Rcf =
fcf
May 2008 Page 3.3.21-5

fncf = non-controlling flange stress (ksi)
Ae = effective area of the non-controlling flange (in.2)
Negative Flexure
Pcf = Fcf × Ae

Pncf = Fncf × Ae
Flange Splice Plate Strength I Design
Check Tension in Splice Plates (6.13.6.1.4c & 6.13.5.2)

Positive Flexure
The bottom plate is in tension in positive flexure.
Calculate Factored Tensile Resistance

Factored Tensile Resistance, Pr, shall be lesser of:
1. Pr = φyPny = φyFyAg (Eq. 6.8.2.1-1)
Where:
φy = 0.95 (6.5.4.2)
Pny = nominal tensile resistance for yielding in gross section (kips)
Fy = minimum specified yield strength (ksi)
Ag = gross cross-sectional area of the member (in.2)
2. Pr = φuPnu = φuFuAnU (Eq. 6.8.2.1-2)
Where:
φu = 0.80 (6.5.4.2)
Pnu = nominal tensile resistance for fracture in net section (kips)
Fu = tensile strength (ksi)
An = net area of the connection element (in.2) ≤ 0.85Ag (6.8.3)
Ag = gross area of the connection element (in.2)
Page 3.3.21-6 May 2008

U = 1.00 (if force effects are transmitted to all elements)
(6.13.5.2)
Compare Factored Tensile Resistance, Pr, to Factored Design Force, Pcf or Pncf
Pr ≥ Pcf or Pncf (bottom flange)
Note: The Department does not require block shear to be checked according to
LRFD Article 6.13.4
Negative Flexure
The top plate is in tension in negative flexure.

1. Pr = φyPny = φyFyAg (Eq. 6.8.2.1-1)
2. Pr = φuPnu = φuFuAnU (Eq. 6.8.2.1-2)
Pr ≥ Pcf or Pncf (top flange)
Note: The Department does not require block shear to be checked according to
LRFD Article 6.13.4
Check Compression in Splice Plates

Positive Flexure
The top plate is in compression in positive flexure.
Calculate Factored Resistance in Compression, Rr

Rr = φcFyAs (Eq. 6.13.6.1.4c-4)
Where:
φc = 0.90 (6.5.4.2)
Fy = specified minimum yield strength of the splice plate (ksi)
As = gross area of the splice plate (in.2)
May 2008 Page 3.3.21-7

Compare Resistance in Compression, Rr, to Factored Design Force, Pcf or Pncf
Rr ≥ Pcf or Pncf (top flange)
Negative Flexure
The bottom plate is in compression in negative flexure.

Rr = φcFyAs (Eq. 6.13.6.1.4c-4)

Rr ≥ Pcf or Pncf (bottom flange)
Calculate Reduction Factor for Fillers (6.13.6.1.5)
When flange thickness transitions at splice locations, fillers shall be used. Fill plates shall
not extend beyond the flange splice plate. If fillers are greater than or equal to ¼ in. thick,
then a reduction factor, R, shall be applied to the Strength I bolt shear resistance. Note that
this reduction is not applicable when checking slip resistance using the Service II load case.
(1 + γ )
R= (Eq. 6.13.6.1.5-1)
(1 + 2γ )
Where:
Af
γ =
Ap
Af = sum of filler areas on top and bottom of the connected plate (in.2)
Ap = smaller of either the connected plate area or the sum of the splice plate areas
on top and bottom of the connected plate (in.2)
Page 3.3.21-8 May 2008

Check Flange Splice Bolt Shear Strength
Calculate Factored Shear Resistance for Bolts, Rr, (6.13.2.7)

For the purpose of this design guide, it is assumed that the force line of action between
extreme bolts is less than 50 in. and threads are included in the shear plane. If a
different situation is present, refer to Article 6.13.2.7.
Rr = φsRnR
Where:
φs = 0.80 (6.5.4.2)
Rn = 0.38AbFubNs (kips) (Eq. 6.13.2.7-2)
R = reduction factor for filler, if applicable (6.13.6.1.5)
⎡ π( 7 in.) 2 ⎤ 2
Ab = area of bolt = ⎢ 8 ⎥ = 0.6013 in.
⎢⎣ 4 ⎥⎦
Fub = specified minimum tensile strength of the bolt (ksi) (6.4.3)
Ns = number of slip planes
Compare Factored Bolt Shear, Pr, with Factored Resistance, Rr

Verify Pr ≤ Rr for both flanges in positive and negative flexure.
Where:
Pcf or Pncf
Pr =
Nb
Nb = number of flange splice bolts
Check Flange Splice Bolt Slip Resistance
Calculate Factored Slip Resistance for Bolts, Rr (6.13.2.8)

Rr = Rn (Note: φ is unspecified) (Eq. 6.13.2.2-1)
Where:
Rn = KhKsNsPt (kips) (Eq. 6.13.2.8-1)
May 2008 Page 3.3.21-9

Kh = hole size factor (Table 6.13.2.8-2)
Ks = 0.33 Use Class A surface (Table 6.13.2.8-3)
Ns = number of slip planes
Pt = minimum required bolt tension (kips) (Table 6.13.2.8-1)
Calculate Service II Flange Slip Design Force per Bolt, Pslip (6.13.6.1.4c)
Ptot −slip
Pslip =
Nb
Where:
Ptot-slip = FsAg (kips)
fs
Fs = (ksi) (Eq. 6.13.6.1.4c-5)
Rh
fs = maximum Service II flexural stress (ksi)

Rh = hybrid factor (6.10.1.10.1)
2
Ag = gross area of the flange corresponding to fs (in. )
Nb = number of flange splice bolts
Compare Service II Design Force per Bolt, Pslip, with Factored Slip Resistance, Rr
Verify Pslip ≤ Rr for top and bottom flange for both positive and negative flexure.
Check Flange Splice Bearing Resistance:
Calculate the Nominal Resistance, Rn, of Bolt Holes

If xclear ≥ 2.0d and xend ≥ 2.0d:
Rn = 2.4dtFu (Eq. 6.13.2.9-1)
If xclear < 2.0d or xend < 2.0d:
Rn = 1.2LctFu (Eq. 6.13.2.9-2)
Where:
xclear = clear distance between bolt holes (in.)
xend = bolt clear end distance (in.)
d = nominal diameter of the bolt (in.)
t = thickness of the connected material (in.)
Page 3.3.21-10 May 2008

Fu = tensile strength of the connected material (ksi) (Table 6.4.1-1)
Lc = clear distance between holes or between the hole and the end of the
member in the direction of the applied bearing force (in.)
Calculate the Factored Bearing Resistance, Rr, of the Connected Material

Rr = φbbRn
Where:
φbb = 0.80 (6.5.4.2)
Rn = nominal resistance of interior and end bolt holes (kips)
Compare Strength I Bearing Design Force , Pbrg, with Factored Shear Resistance, Rr
Verify Pbrg ≤ Rr for both flange splices for positive and negative flexure.
Where:
Pcf or Pncf
Pbrg =
Nb
Nb = number flange splice bolts
Flange Splice Plate Fatigue Check
Check Fatigue Detail Design Criteria (6.6.1.2.2)

Bolted splices are detail category B. (Table 6.6.1.2.3-1)
The following design criteria shall be met:
γ( Δfr ) ≤ ( ΔF) n (Eq. 6.6.1.2.2-1)
Where:
γ( Δfr ) = factored fatigue live load stress range on plate (ksi) (3.6.1.4)
γ( fr −positive ) × A e − γ( fr −negative ) × A e
=
A PL
Note that this method is modified from that recommended in LRFD

C6.13.6.1.4a.
(ΔF)n = nominal fatigue resistance (ksi)
May 2008 Page 3.3.21-11

1
⎛ A ⎞3 1
= ⎜ ⎟ ≥ ( ΔF) TH (Eq. 6.6.1.2.5-1)
⎝N⎠ 2
Ae = effective flange area corresponding to the fatigue stress (in.2)

APL = gross area of the flange splice plate (in.2)
N = (365)(75)n(ADTT)SL (Eq. 6.6.1.2.5-2)
A = 120.0 x 108 ksi3 (Table 6.6.1.2.5-1)
(ΔF) TH = 16.0 ksi (Table 6.6.1.2.5-3)
n = no. of stress range cycles per truck passage (Table 6.6.1.2.5-2)
(ADTT)SL = single-lane ADTT (3.6.1.4)
= p x ADTT (Eq. 3.6.1.4.2-1)
p = fraction of truck traffic in a single lane (Table 3.6.1.4.2-1)
ADTT = the number of trucks per day in one direction
Check Flange Splice Bolt Spacing
See Figures 3.3.21-1 to 3.3.21-3 in the Bridge Manual and LRFD Article 6.13.2.6 for
guidance.
Determine Trial Web Splice Plate
To begin a design, trial web splice plates are chosen. Each plate shall be a minimum ⅜ in.
thick and shall extend as near to the beam or girder web depth as possible, leaving room for
the girder web welds or rolled beam fillets. See also Section 3.3.21 of the Bridge Manual.
Determine Trial Web Splice Bolt Layout
Choose a trial web splice bolt layout using spacing requirements detailed in LRFD Article
6.13.2.6 and Section 3.3.21 of the Bridge Manual. Splice bolts shall be ⅞ in. diameter High
Strength (H.S.) A325 bolts with standard holes. A minimum of two vertical bolt rows shall be
used on each side of the splice connection element (6.13.6.1.4a). Bolt interference between
the web splice and the flange splice shall be taken into consideration when determining the
bolt layout.
Page 3.3.21-12 May 2008

Determine Strength I Forces
Web splice plates and bolts shall be designed for shear, the moment due to the eccentricity
of the shear at the point of the splice, and the portion of the flexural moment assumed to be
resisted by the web at the point of the splice (Article 6.13.6.1.4b).
Calculate Strength I Shear Forces,Vu

Use dead loads and the controlling live load plus impact to calculate shear forces at the
splice. Controlling positive and negative live loads shall be investigated in shear force
calculations. Forces shall be factored according to Article 3.4.1, using the maximum and
minimum factors. To obtain the critical shears, use the appropriate factors and exclude
VDW if a more conservative result is obtained.
Vu = γDC1(VDC1) + γDC2(VDC2) + γDW(VDW) + 1.75(VLL+IM)
Where:
γDC1 = 1.25 or 0.90
γDC2 = 1.25 or 0.90
γDW = 1.50 or 0.65
Calculate Nominal Shear Resistance, Vn

Unstiffened Webs
Vn = Vcr = CVp (Eq. 6.10.9.2-1)
Where:
Vp = plastic shear force (kips)
= 0.58FywDtw (Eq. 6.10.9.2-2)
Vcr = shear-buckling resistance (kips)
Fyw = specified minimum yield strength of the web (ksi)
D = depth of web (in.)
tw = thickness of web (in.). If different web thicknesses are used on either
side of the splice, use the smaller of the two web thicknesses
(C6.13.6.1.4b).
C = ratio of shear-buckling resistance to shear yield strength
May 2008 Page 3.3.21-13

determined by:
D Ek
If ≤ 1.12 , then:
tw Fyw
C = 1.0 (Eq. 6.10.9.3.2-4)
Ek D Ek
If 1.12 < ≤ 1.40 , then:
Fyw tw Fyw
1.12 Ek
C= (Eq. 6.10.9.3.2-5)
D Fyw
tw
D Ek
If > 1.40 , then:
tw Fyw
1.57 ⎛⎜ Ek ⎞⎟
C= 2 ⎜
(Eq. 6.10.9.3.2-6)
⎟
⎛ D ⎞ ⎝ Fyw ⎠
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ tw ⎠
Where:
k = 5.0 (6.10.9.2)
E = 29000 ksi
Stiffened Webs (Beyond the Scope of Design Guide) (6.10.9.3)
Calculate Strength I Design Shear, Vuw (6.13.6.1.4b)

The design shear, Vuw, shall be taken as follows:
If Vu < 0.5φvVn, then:
Vuw = 1.5 Vu (Eq. 6.13.6.1.4b-1)
Otherwise:
Vuw =
(Vu + φ v Vn ) (Eq. 6.13.6.1.4b-2)
2
Where:
Vu = shear due to the factored loading at the point of the splice (kips)
φv = 1.0 (6.5.4.2)
Page 3.3.21-14 May 2008

Vn = nominal shear resistance (kips) (6.10.9.2)
Calculate the Strength I Moment Due to Shear Eccentricity (C6.13.6.1.4b)

The design shear eccentricity shall be taken as the distance from the centerline of the
splice to the centroid of the web splice bolt group. The moment due to the design shear
eccentricity is computed as shown below.
Muv = Vuwe
Where:
Vuw = design shear (kips)
e = design shear eccentricity (in.)
Calculate Strength I Flexural Moment

A portion of the flexural moment is assumed to be resisted by the web at the splice. This
flexural moment portion, Muw, shall be calculated for both positive and negative flexure.
t wD2
Muw = R hFcf − R cf fncf (C6.13.6.1.4b-1)
12
Where:
tw = web thickness (in.)
D = web depth (in.)
Rh = hybrid factor (6.10.1.10.1)
Fcf = design stress for the controlling flange at the point of splice specified in
Article 6.13.6.1.4c; positive for tension, negative for compression (ksi)
Fcf
Rcf =
fcf
fncf = Strength I flexural stress at mid-thickness of the non-controlling flange at

the splice location (ksi)
fcf = Strength I flexural stress at mid-thickness of the controlling flange at the
splice location (ksi)
Calculate Strength I Total Moment
May 2008 Page 3.3.21-15

The total moment, Mu-total, shall be calculated for both positive and negative flexure.
Mu-total = Muv + Muw
Calculate the Strength I Design Horizontal Force Resultant

The horizontal force resultant, Huw, shall be calculated for both positive and negative
flexure.
t wD
Huw = (R hFcf + R cf fncf ) (C6.13.6.1.4b-2)
2
Check Web Splice Bolt Shear Strength
Shear strength of web splice bolts shall be checked for both positive and negative flexure.
Calculate the Polar Moment of Inertia

The polar moment of inertia of the bolts, Ip, shall be calculated with respect to the
centroid of the splice bolt group. For the purpose of this design guide, the x-axis and y-
axis are located at the center of the web splice bolt group.
Ip = ∑x + ∑y
2 2
Where:
x = distance from y-axis to bolt (in.)
y = distance from x-axis to bolt (in.)
Calculate Strength I Resultant Shear for Bolts, Pr

Vuw
PS =
Nb
Huw
PH =
Nb
M total y
PMH =
Ip
Page 3.3.21-16 May 2008

M total x
PMV =
Ip
Pr = (PS + PMV )2 + (PH + PMH )2
Where:
PS = vertical Strength I shear per bolt (kips)
PH = horizontal shear per bolt due to Strength I horizontal force resultant (kips)
PMH = horizontal shear per bolt due to Strength I total moment (kips)
PMV = vertical shear per bolt due to Strength I total moment (kips)
Pr = Strength I resultant shear per bolt (kips)
Nb = number of web splice bolts
y = distance from x-axis to the extreme bolt (in.)
x = distance from y-axis to the extreme bolt (in.)
Calculate Factored Shear Resistance for Bolts, Rr (6.13.2.7)

See Check Flange Splice Bolt Shear Strength
Compare Resultant Shear, Pr, with Factored Shear Resistance, Rr

Verify Pr ≤ Rr for both positive and negative flexure.
Determine Service II Forces
Calculate Service II Shear Forces,Vow

Use dead loads and the controlling live load plus impact to calculate shear forces at the
splice. Controlling positive and negative live loads shall be investigated in shear force
calculations. If a more conservative result is obtained, VDW should be excluded.
Vow = 1.0(VDC1) + 1.0(VDC2) + 1.0(VDW) + 1.3(VLL+IM)
Calculate Service II Moment Due to Shear Eccentricity, Mov (C6.13.6.1.4b)

Mov = Vow e
May 2008 Page 3.3.21-17

Calculate Service II Flexural Moment, Mow

A portion of the flexural moment is assumed to be resisted by the web at the point of the
splice. This flexural moment portion, Mow, shall be calculated for both positive and
negative flexure.
t wD2
Mow = fs − fos (Modified Eq. C6.13.6.1.4b-1)
12
Where:
fs = maximum flexural stress due to Service II loads at mid-thickness of the
flange (ksi)
fos = Service II stress at mid-thickness of the other flange concurrent with fs (ksi)
Calculate Service II Total Moment

The total Service II moment, Mo-total, shall be calculated for both positive and negative
flexure.
Mo-total = Mov+ Mow
Calculate Service II Design Horizontal Force Resultant

The horizontal force resultant, How, shall be calculated for both positive and negative
flexure.
t wD
How = ( fs + fos ) (Modified Eq. C6.13.6.1.4b-2)
2
Check Web Splice Bolt Slip Resistance
Slip resistance shall be checked for both positive and negative flexure.

See method from above.
Page 3.3.21-18 May 2008

Calculate Service II Resultant Shear for Bolts, Por

Vow
Pos =
Nb
How
PoH =
Nb
Mo − total y
PoMH =
Ip
Mo − total x
PoMV =
Ip
Por = (Pos + PoMV )2 + (PoH + PoMH )2
Where:
Pos = vertical shear per bolt due to Service II shear (kips)
PoH = horizontal shear per bolt due to Service II horizontal force resultant (kips)
PoMH = horizontal shear per bolt due to Service II total moment (kips)
PoMV = vertical shear per bolt due to Service II total moment (kips)
Por = Service II resultant shear per bolt (kips)

See Check Flange Splice Bolt Slip Resistance
Compare Service II Resultant Design Force, Por, with Factored Slip Resistance, Rr
Verify Por ≤ Rr for both positive and negative flexure.
Check Web Splice Plate Shear Yielding
Calculate Factored Shear Resistance for Web Splice Plates, Rr (6.13.5.3)

Rr = φvRn (Eq. 6.13.5.3-1)
Where:
Rn = 0.58AgFy (kips) (Eq. 6.13.5.3-2)
May 2008 Page 3.3.21-19

Ag = gross area of web splice plates (in.2)
Fy = specified minimum yield strength of the connection element (ksi)
φv = 1.0 (6.5.4.2)
Compare Strength I Design Shear, Vuw, with Factored Shear Resistance, Rr

Vuw ≤ Rr
Check Web Splice Plate Block Shear
Calculate Factored Block Shear Resistance for Web Splice Plates, Rr (6.13.4)
Rr = φbs(0.58FuAvn) (Modified Eq. 6.13.4-2)
Where:
Avn = net area along the plane resisting shear stress (in.2)
Fy = specified minimum yield strength of the web (ksi)
Fu = specified minimum tensile strength of the web specified in
Table 6.4.1-1 (ksi)
φbs = 0.80 (6.5.4.2)
The Department only requires checking Block Shear on the web splice plates along the
vertical path which has the least net area in pure shear. The check is analogous to that
for fracture on the net section in pure tension for flange splice plates.
Compare Strength I Design Shear, Vuw, with Factored Block Shear Resistance, Rr
Vuw ≤ Rr
Check Web Splice Plate Flexural Yielding
Calculate Strength I Flexural Stress, f, in ksi for Web Splice Plates
Muw + Muv Huw

f = +
S PL A PL
Where:
Page 3.3.21-20 May 2008

2
2( t PL × h PL )
SPL = (in.3)
6
APL = 2(hPL × tPL) (in.2)
tPL = thickness of web splice plate (in.)
hPL = height of web splice plate (in.)
Compare Strength I Flexural Stress, f, with φfFy (6.13.6.1.4b)

f ≤ φfFy
Where:
φf = 1.0 (6.5.4.2)
Fy = specified minimum yield strength of the splice plates (ksi)
Check Extreme Bolt Bearing
Calculate Nominal Resistance, Rn, of Bolt Holes

See Check Flange Splice Bearing Resistance and LRFD C6.13.6.1.4b
Calculate Factored Bearing Resistance, Rr, of the Connected Material

See Check Flange Splice Bearing Resistance
Compare Strength I Resultant Shear, Pr, with Factored Shear Resistance, Rr

Verify Pr ≤ Rr for both positive and negative flexure.
Determine Fatigue Forces
Calculate Fatigue Shear Forces,Vrw

Use the fatigue truck plus impact to calculate shear forces at the splice. Positive and
negative fatigue forces shall be investigated.
Vrw = 0.75V(LL+IM)
Calculate Fatigue Moment Due to Shear Eccentricity, Mrv (C6.13.6.1.4b)
May 2008 Page 3.3.21-21

Mrv = [(Vrw-positive)-( Vrw-negative)]e
Calculate Fatigue Flexural Moment, Mrw

A portion of the flexural moment is assumed to be resisted by the web at the point of the
splice. This flexural moment portion, Mrw, shall be calculated for both positive and
negative flexure. The absolute values are eliminated from the equation in order to keep
track of the signs.
t wD2
Mrw = [ f tw − fbw ] (Modified Eq. C6.13.6.1.4b-1)
12
Where:
fbw = flexural stress due to Fatigue loads at the bottom of the flange (ksi)
ftw = flexural stress due to Fatigue loads at the top of the flange (ksi)
Calculate Fatigue Total Moment Range, Mr-total range

Mr-total range = Mrv + (Mrw-positive - Mrw-negative)
Calculate Fatigue Design Horizontal Force Resultant

The horizontal force resultant, Hrw, shall be calculated for both positive and negative
flexure.
t wD
Hrw = ( f tw + fbw ) (Modified Eq. C6.13.6.1.4b-2)
2
Calculate Horizontal Force Resultant Range, Hrw-range

Hrw-range = Hrw-positive – Hrw-negative
Web Splice Plate Fatigue Check
Calculate Factored Fatigue Stress Range, γ( Δf ) , for Web Splice Plates
Mr − totalrange Hrw −range

γ(Δf ) = +
S PL A PL
Page 3.3.21-22 May 2008

Where:
2
2( t PL × h PL )
SPL = (in.3)
6
APL = 2(hPL × tPL) (in.2)
tPL = thickness of web splice plate (in.)
hPL = height of web splice plate (in.)

See Flange Splice Plate Fatigue Check
Check Web Splice Bolt Spacing
See Figures 3.3.21-1 to 3.3.21-3 in the Bridge Manual and LRFD Article 6.13.2.6 for
guidance.
LRFD Bolted Splice Design Example
Materials
Flanges: AASHTO M270 Grade 50

Webs: AASHTO M270 Grade 50
Flange Splice Plates: AASHTO M270 Grade 50
Web Splice Plates: AASHTO M270 Grade 50
Design Stresses
Fy = Fyw = Fyt = Fyf = 50 ksi

Fu = 65 ksi
Fub = 120 ksi
May 2008 Page 3.3.21-23

Bridge Data
Beam Type: Plate Girder

Web: Unstiffened
Section Type: Design for Non-composite at Splice
Structure Type: Continuous
Span Length: 140 ft.
Splice Location: 25’-9” from Pier
ADTTSL: 540 trucks per day per lane, 2 lane bridge, 2 directional travel
Plate Girder Dimensions
Section 1
Bottom Flange: 1 ¾ in. x 14 in.

Top Flange: 1 ¾ in. x 14 in.
Web: ½ in. x 48 in.
Section 2:
Bottom Flange: ⅞ in. x 14 in.

Top Flange: ¾ in. x 14 in.
Web: ½ in. x 48 in.
Non-Composite Section Properties
Section 1:
Ix = 34940 in.4
Sb = 1357 in.3
St = 1357 in. 3
Page 3.3.21-24 May 2008

yb = 25.75 in.3
yt = 25.75 in.3
May 2008 Page 3.3.21-25

Figure 1
Section 2:
Page 3.3.21-26 May 2008

Ix = 18123 in.4
Sb = 757 in.3
St = 706 in. 3
yb = 23.9462 in.3
yt = 25.6788 in.3
Section 2 properties will be used for the splice design (6.13.6.1.1).
Calculate Distance from Neutral Axis to Mid-thickness of the Flanges (Top and Bottom)
cfb = (23.9462 in.) – 0.5 (⅞ in.) = 23.509 in.

cft = (25.6788 in.) – 0.5 (¾ in.) = 25.3038 in.
Unfactored Distributed Forces at Splice
Moment (k-ft.) Shear (k)

DC1 -180.0 34.5
DC2 4.6 5.9
DW 12.0 15.4
Truck (+Trk+Ln) 634.0 84.5
Truck (-Trk+Ln) -460.5 -12.9
Tandem (+Tan+Ln) 566.1 69.4
Tandem (-Tan+Ln) -374.5 -11.5
2 Trucks -.9(2Trk+Ln) -455.7 N/A
Fatigue (+FATLL+IM) 190.5 32.8
Fatigue (-FATLL+IM) -139.3 -4.4
Calculate Unfactored Stresses
For positive flexure, the bottom flange is in tension and the top flange is in compression.
For negative flexure, the bottom flange is in compression and the top flange is in tension.
Use (+) for compression and (-) for tension.
May 2008 Page 3.3.21-27

Bottom Flange
⎛ in. ⎞
( −180.0 k − ft.)⎜12 ⎟(23.509 in.)
⎝ ft. ⎠
fDC1 = = 2.80 ksi (+)
18123 in 4
fDC2 = 0.07 ksi (-)

fDW = 0.19 ksi (-)
f(+TRK+LN) = 9.87 ksi (-)
f(-TRK+LN) = 7.17 ksi (+)
f(+TAN+LN) = 8.81 ksi (-)
f(-TAN+LN) = 5.82 ksi (+)
f-0.9(2TRK+LN) = 7.09 ksi (+)
f(+FATLL+IM) = 2.97 ksi (-)
f(-FATLL+IM) = 2.18 ksi (+)
Top Flange
⎛ in. ⎞
( −180.0 k − ft.)⎜12 ⎟(25.304 in.)
⎝ ft. ⎠
fDC1 = = 3.02 ksi (-)
18123 in 4
fDC2 = 0.08 ksi (+)

fDW = 0.20 ksi (+)
f(+TRK+LN) = 10.62 ksi (+)
f(-TRK+LN) = 7.72 ksi (-)
f(+TAN+LN) = 9.48 ksi (+)
f(-TAN+LN) = 6.27 ksi (-)
f-0.9(2TRK+LN) = 7.64 ksi (-)
f(+FATLL+IM) = 3.19 ksi (+)
f(-FATLL+IM) = 2.33 ksi (-)
Strength I Stresses
Page 3.3.21-28 May 2008

Bottom Flange
Maximum Tension Stress
fu = 0.90(2.80 ksi)+1.25(-0.07ksi)+1.50(-0.19 ksi)+1.75(-9.87 ksi) = -15.13 ksi
Maximum Compression Stress

fu = 1.25(2.80 ksi)+0.90(-0.07 ksi)+1.75(7.17 ksi) = 15.98 ksi
Top Flange
fu = 1.25(-3.02 ksi)+0.90(0.08 ksi)+1.75(-7.72 ksi) = -17.21 ksi

fu = 0.90(-3.02 ksi)+1.25(0.08 ksi)+1.50(0.20 ksi)+1.75(10.62 ksi) = 16.27 ksi
Service II Stresses
Bottom Flange
fo = 1.00(2.80 ksi)+1.00(-0.07 ksi)+1.00(-0.19 ksi)+1.30(-9.87 ksi) = -10.29 ksi

fo = 1.00(2.80 ksi)+1.00(-0.07 ksi)+1.30(7.17 ksi) = 12.05 ksi
Top Flange
fo = 1.00(-3.02 ksi)+1.00(0.08 ksi)+1.30(-7.72 ksi) = -12.98 ksi

fo = 1.00(-3.02 ksi)+1.00(0.08 ksi)+1.00(0.20 ksi)+1.30(10.62 ksi) = 11.07 ksi
Fatigue Stresses
May 2008 Page 3.3.21-29

Bottom Flange
γ(fr) = 0.75(-2.97 ksi) = -2.23 ksi

γ(fr) = 0.75(2.18 ksi) = 1.64 ksi
Top Flange
γ(fr) = 0.75(-2.33 ksi) = -1.75 ksi

γ(fr) = 0.75(3.19 ksi) = 2.39 ksi
Determine Trial Flange Splice Plates
Bottom Flange Splice Plate

Try a ¾ in. x 14 in. Plate
Top Flange Splice Plate

Try a ⅝ in. x 14 in. Plate
Determine Trial Flange Splice Plate Bolt Layout
Bottom Flange Splice Plate

Try four rows of bolts spaced as shown in Figure 1.
Top Flange Splice Plate

Try four rows of bolts spaced as shown in Figure 1.
Calculate Flange Effective Area, Ae (6.13.6.1.4c)
Page 3.3.21-30 May 2008

Positive Flexure
The bottom flange is in tension and the top flange is in compression.
Bottom Flange
An = [14 in. – 4(⅞ in. + ⅛ in.)]( ⅞ in.) = 8.75 in.2
Ag = (14 in.)(⅞ in.) = 12.25 in.2
⎛ (0.80 )(65 ksi) ⎞
Ae = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟(8.75in.2 ) = 9.58 in.2 ≤ Ag = 12.25 in.2 (Eq. 6.13.6.1.4c-2)
⎝ (0.95 )(50 ksi) ⎠
∴ Ae = 9.58 in.2
Top Flange
Ae = Ag = (14 in.)(¾ in.) = 10.5 in.2
Negative Flexure
The bottom flange is in compression and the top flange is in tension.
Bottom Flange
Ae = Ag = 12.25 in.2
Top Flange
An = [14 in. – 4(⅞ in. + ⅛ in.)](¾ in.) = 7.5 in.2
⎛ (0.80 )(65 ksi) ⎞
Ae = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟(7.5in.2 ) = 8.21 in.2 ≤ Ag = 10.5 in.2 (Eq. 6.13.6.1.4c-2)
⎝ (0.95 )(50 ksi) ⎠
∴ Ae = 8.21 in.2
Determine Strength I Controlling and Non-controlling Flange Stresses
Positive Flexure
fcf = 16.27 ksi
fncf = -15.13 ksi
Negative Flexure:
fcf = -17.21 ksi
May 2008 Page 3.3.21-31

fncf = 15.98 ksi
Calculate Strength I Flange Design Forces (6.13.6.1.4c)
Positive Flexure
⎛ 16.27 ksi ⎞
⎜ + (1.00 )(1.00 )(50 ksi) ⎟
⎜ 1.0 ⎟
Fcf = ⎜ ⎟ = 33.14 ksi ≥ 0.75(1.00)(1.00)(50 ksi)
2
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎠
= 37.5 ksi ∴ Fcf = 37.5 ksi (+) (Eq. 6.13.6.1.4c-1)
Pcf = (37.5 ksi)(10.5 in.2) = 393.75 kips (+)

37.5 ksi
Rcf = = 2.30
16.27 ksi
− 15.13
Fncf = (2.30) = 34.8 ksi ≥ 0.75(1.00)(1.00)(50 ksi) = 37.5 ksi
1.0
(Eq. 6.13.6.1.4c-3)
∴ Fcf = 37.5 ksi (-)
Pncf = (37.5 ksi)(9.58 in.2) = 359.25 kips(-)
Negative Flexure
⎛ 17.21 ksi ⎞
⎜ + (1.00)(1.00)(50 ksi) ⎟
⎜ 1.0 ⎟
Fcf = ⎜ ⎟ = 33.61 ksi ≥ 0.75(1.00)(1.00)(50 ksi)
2
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎠
= 37.5 ksi ∴ Fcf = 37.5 ksi (-) (Eq. 6.13.6.1.4c-1)
2
Pcf = (37.5 ksi)(8.21 in. ) = 307.88 kips (-)
Page 3.3.21-32 May 2008

− 37.5 ksi
Rcf = = 2.18
− 17.21 ksi
15.98
Fncf = (2.18) = 34.84 ksi ≥ 0.75(1.00)(1.00)(50 ksi) = 37.5 ksi
1.0
(Eq. 6.13.6.1.4c-3)
∴ Fcf = 37.5 ksi (+)
Pncf = (37.5 ksi)(12.25 in.2) = 459.38 kips (+)
Flange Splice Plate Strength I Design
Check Tension in Splice Plates (6.13.6.1.4c & 6.13.5.2)

Positive Flexure
The bottom plate is in tension in positive flexure.

Ag = (14 in.)(¾ in.) = 10.5 in.2
An = [14 in.- 4(⅞ in.+ ⅛ in.)]( ¾ in.) =7.5 in.2 ≤ 0.85 × 10.5 in.2 = 8.925 in.2
∴ An = 7.5 in.2

1. Pr = 0.95(50 ksi)(10.5 in.2) = 498.75 kips (Eq. 6.8.2.1-1)
2. Pr = 0.80(65 ksi)(7.5 in.2)(1.0) = 390 kips (Eq. 6.8.2.1-2)
∴ Pr = 390 kips
Pr = 390 kips ≥ Pncf = 359.25 kips O.K.
Negative Flexure
The top plate is in tension in negative flexure.

Ag = (14 in.)(⅝ in.) = 8.75 in.2
An = [14 in.- 4(⅞ in.+ ⅛ in.)]( ⅝ in.) = 6.25 in.2 ≤ 0.85 × 8.75 in.2 = 7.44 in.2
∴ An = 6.25 in.2
May 2008 Page 3.3.21-33


1. Pr = 0.95(50 ksi)(8.75 in.2) = 415.63 kips (Eq. 6.8.2.1-1)
2
2. Pr = 0.80(65 ksi)(6.25 in. )(1.0) = 325 kips (Eq. 6.8.2.1-2)
∴ Pr = 325 kips
Pr = 325 kips ≥ Pcf = 307.88 kips O.K.
Check Compression in Splice Plates

Positive Flexure
The top plate is in compression in positive flexure.

As = (14 in.)(⅝ in.) = 8.75 in.2
Rr = (0.90)(50 ksi)(8.75 in.2) = 393.75 kips (Eq. 6.13.6.1.4c-4)

Rr = 393.75 kips ≥ Pcf = 393.75 kips O.K.
Negative Flexure
The bottom plate is in compression in negative flexure.

As = (14 in.)(¾ in.) = 10.5 in.2
Rr = (0.90)(50 ksi)(10.5 in.2) = 472.5 kips (Eq. 6.13.6.1.4c-4)

Rr = 472.5 kips ≥ Pncf = 459.38 kips O.K.
Calculate Reduction Factor for Fillers (6.13.6.1.5)
Page 3.3.21-34 May 2008

Bottom Filler Plate Reduction, R

Bottom Filler Plate= ⅞ in. A filler plate reduction is required because ⅞ in. > ¼ in.
Af = (14 in.)(⅞ in.) = 12.25 in.2
Ap = (14 in.)(⅞ in.) = 12.25 in.2 ≤ (14 in.)(¾ in.) = 10.5 in.2
∴ Ap = 10.5 in.2
12.25 in.2
γ = = 1.167
10.5 in.2
⎡ (1 + 1.167 ) ⎤
R = ⎢ (1 + 2 × 1.167 ) ⎥ = 0.650
⎣ ⎦
Top Filler Plate Reduction, R

Top Filler Plate = 1 in. A filler plate reduction is needed because 1 in. > ¼ in.
Af = (14 in.)(1 in.) = 14.0 in.2
Ap = (14 in.)(¾ in.) = 10.5 in.2 ≤ (14 in.)(⅝ in.) = 8.75 in.2
∴ Ap = 8.75 in.2
14.0 in.2
γ = = 1.60
8.75 in.2
⎡ (1 + 1.60 ) ⎤
R = ⎢ (1 + 2 × 1.60 ) ⎥ = 0.619
⎣ ⎦
Note: Fill plate thickness chosen for constructability. Alignment of beam neutral axes, as
recommended in Bridge Manual Figure 3.3.21-3, would be optimal but not practically
feasible for this case.
Check Flange Splice Bolt Shear Strength

Bottom Flange
Rr = (0.80)(0.38)(0.6013 in.2)(120 ksi)(1)(0.650) = 14.26 kips per bolt
Top Flange
May 2008 Page 3.3.21-35

Rr = (0.80)(0.38)(0.6013 in.2)(120 ksi)(1)(0.619) = 13.58 kips per bolt
Compare Factored Bolt Shear, Pr, with Factored Resistance, Rr

Positive Flexure
Bottom Flange
⎡ 359.25 k ⎤
Pr = ⎢ 36 bolts ⎥ = 9.98 kips per bolt < Rr = 14.26 kips per bolt O.K.
⎣ ⎦
Top Flange:
⎡ 393.75 k ⎤
⎣ ⎦
Negative Flexure
Bottom Flange
⎡ 459.38 k ⎤
⎣ ⎦
Top Flange:
⎡ 307.88 k ⎤
⎣ ⎦
Check Flange Splice Bolt Slip Resistance

Rr = (1.0)(0.33)(1)(39 k) = 12.87 kips per bolt
Calculate Service II Flange Slip Design Force per Bolt, Pslip (6.13.6.1.4c)
Positive Flexure
Bottom Flange
− 10.29 ksi
× 12.25 in.2
1.0
Pslip= = 3.50 kips per bolt
36 bolts
Top Flange
Page 3.3.21-36 May 2008

11.07 ksi
× 10.5 in.2
1.0
32 bolts
Negative Flexure
Bottom Flange
12.05 ksi
× 12.25 in.2
1.0
36 bolts
Top Flange
− 12.98 ksi
× 10.5 in.2
1.0
32 bolts
Compare Service II Design Force per Bolt, Pslip, with Factored Slip Resistance, Rr
Positive Flexure
Bottom Flange
Pslip= 3.50 kips per bolt < Rr = 12.87 kips per bolt O.K.
Top Flange
Negative Flexure
Bottom Flange
Top Flange
Check Flange Splice Bearing Resistance
May 2008 Page 3.3.21-37

Calculate the Strength I Nominal Resistance, Rn, of Bolt Holes

Bottom Flange Splice
xclear = (3 in.) – (⅞ in.) – (⅛ in.) = 2 in. ≥ 2.0(⅞ in.) = 1.75 in.
xend(splice)= 1.5 in. – 0.5(1 in.) = 1 in. not ≥ 2.0(⅞ in.) = 1.75 in.
∴ Use (Eq. 6.13.2.9-2)
(Note: xend(flange) > xend(splice) , so flange calculation below is conservative)
Flange
Rn = 1.2(1 in.)( ⅞ in.)(65 ksi) = 68.25 kips (Eq. 6.13.2.9-2)
Splice Plate
Rn = 1.2(1 in.)(¾ in.)(65 ksi) = 58.50 kips ← CONT. (Eq. 6.13.2.9-2)
Top Flange Splice

xclear = (3 in.) – (⅞ in.) – (⅛ in.) = 2 in. ≥ 2.0(⅞ in.) = 1.75 in.
xend(splice)= 1.5 in. – 0.5(1 in.) = 1 in. not ≥ 2.0(⅞ in.) = 1.75 in.
∴ Use (Eq. 6.13.2.9-2)
(Note: xend(flange) > xend(splice) , so flange calculation below is conservative)
Flange
Rn = 1.2(1 in.)(¾ in.)(65 ksi) = 58.50 kips (Eq. 6.13.2.9-2)
Splice Plate
Rn = 1.2(1 in.)(⅝ in.)(65 ksi) = 48.75 kips ← CONT. (Eq. 6.13.2.9-2)
Calculate the Bearing Factored Resistance, Rr, of the Connected Material

Rr = 0.80(58.50 k) = 46.80 kips
Top Flange Splice

Rr = 0.80(48.75 k) = 39.00 kips
Compare Strength I Bearing Design Force , Pbrg, with Factored Shear Resistance, Rr
Page 3.3.21-38 May 2008

Positive Flexure
359.25 k
Pbrg = = 9.98 kips per bolt < Rr = 46.80 kips per bolt O.K.
36 bolts
Top Flange Splice

393.75 k
32 bolts
Negative Flexure
459.38 k
36 bolts
Top Flange Splice

307.88 k
32 bolts
Flange Splice Plate Fatigue Check

N = (365)(75)(1.0)(540) = 14,782,500 (Eq. 6.6.1.2.5-2)
1
⎛ 120.0 x10 8 ksi ⎞ 3
(ΔF)n = ⎜ ⎟
⎜ 14,782,500 ⎟ = 9.33 ksi ≥ 0.5(16.0 ksi) = 8.00 ksi (Eq. 6.6.1.2.5-1)
⎝ ⎠
∴ (ΔF)n = 9.33 ksi
Bottom Flange
(1.64 ksi)(12.25 in. 2 ) − ( −2.23 ksi)(9.58 in.2 )
γ ( Δfr ) = (Eq. 6.6.1.2.2-1)
(14 in.2 )( 3 4 in.)
= 3.95 ksi < (ΔF)n = 9.33 ksi O.K.
Top Flange
May 2008 Page 3.3.21-39

( 2.39 ksi)(10.5 in.2 ) − ( −1.75 ksi)(8.21 in.2 )
γ ( Δfr ) = (Eq. 6.6.1.2.2-1)
(14 in. 2 )( 5 8 in.)
= 4.51 ksi < (ΔF)n = 9.33 ksi O.K.
Check Flange Splice Bolt Spacing
Using Bridge Manual Figures 3.3.21-1 and 3.3.21-3, spacing O.K.
Determine Trial Web Splice Plate
Try two ⅜ in. x 45 ¼ in. web splice plates, one on each side of the web.
Determine Trial Web Splice Bolt Layout
Vertical Bolt Spacing

Try 13 bolt lines spaced as shown in Figure 1.
Horizontal Bolt Spacing

Try two bolt lines spaced as shown in Figure 1.
Determine Strength I Forces
Calculate Strength I Shear Forces,Vu

Maximum Strength I Shear
Vu = 1.25(34.5 k) + 1.25(5.9 k) + 1.50(15.4 k) + 1.75(84.5 k) = 221.5 kips
Minimum Strength I Shear

Vu = 0.90(34.5 k) + 0.90(5.9 k) + 1.75(-12.9 k) = 13.8 kips
Calculate Nominal Shear Resistance, Vn

Vp = 0.58(50 ksi)(48 in.)(0.5 in.) = 696 kips (Eq. 6.10.9.2-2)
Determine C:
Page 3.3.21-40 May 2008

48 in. (29000 ksi) × 5
= 96 not ≤ 1.12 = 60.3
0.5 in. 50 ksi
(29000 ksi) × 5 48 in. (29000 ksi) × 5

1.12 = 60.3 < = 96 not ≤ 1.40 = 75.4
50 ksi 0.5 in. 50 ksi
48 in. (29000 ksi) × 5

= 96 > 1.40 = 75.4
0.5 in. 50 ksi
1.57 ⎛ (29000 ksi) × 5 ⎞
∴C = ⎜
2
⎟ =0.494 (Eq. 6.10.9.3.2-6)
⎛ 48 in. ⎞ ⎝ 50ksi ⎠
⎜ ⎟
⎝ 0.5 in. ⎠
Vn = 0.494(696 k) = 343.8 kips (Eq. 6.10.9.2-1)
Calculate Strength I Design Shear, Vuw (6.13.6.1.4b)

Vu = 221.5 k not < 0.5φvVn= 0.5 × 1.00 × 343.8 k = 171.9 kips
∴Vuw =
(221.5 k + 1.00 × 343.8 k ) = 282.7 kips (Eq. 6.13.6.1.4b-2)
2
Calculate the Strength I Moment Due to Shear Eccentricity

1 1
e = (4 in.) + (3 in.) = 3.5 in.
2 2
Muv = (282.7 k)(3 ½ in.) = 989.45 k-in.
Calculate Strength I Flexural Moment

Positive Flexure
37.5 ksi
Rcf = = 2.30
16.27 ksi
(0.5 in.)( 48 in.) 2

Muw = (1.0)(37.5 ksi) − (2.30 )( −15.13 ksi) = 6940.7 k-in.
12
(C6.13.6.1.4b-1)
Negative Flexure
− 37.5 ksi
Rcf = = 2.18
− 17.21 ksi
May 2008 Page 3.3.21-41

(0.5 in.)( 48 in.) 2
Muw = (1.0)( −37.5 ksi) − (2.18)(15.98 ksi) = 6944.29 k-in.
12
(C6.13.6.1.4b-1)
Calculate Strength I Total Moment

Positive Flexure
Mu-total = 989.45 k-in. + 6940.70 k-in. = 7930.15 k-in.
Negative Flexure
Mu-total = 989.45 k-in. + 6944.29 k-in. = 7933.74 k-in.
Calculate the Strength I Design Horizontal Force Resultant

Positive Flexure
(0.5 in.)( 48 in.)
Huw = [(1.0)(37.5 ksi) + (2.30)( −15.13 ksi)] = 32.4 kips
2
(C6.13.6.1.4b-2)
Negative Flexure
(0.5 in.)( 48 in.)
Huw = [(1.0)( −37.5 ksi) + (2.18 )(15.98 ksi)] = -31.96 kips
2
(C6.13.6.1.4b-2)
Check Web Splice Bolt Shear Strength
∑ y2 = 2(2)(1.625 in.)2+2(2)(4.875 in.)2+2(2)(8.125 in.)2+2(2)(11.375 in.)2
+2(2)(14.625 in.)2+2(2)(17.875 in.)2+2(2)(21.125 in.)2 = 4805.94 in.2
∑ x2 = 14(2)(1.5 in.)2 = 63.00 in.2
Ip = 4805.94 in.2+63.00 in.2 = 4868.94 in.2
Calculate Strength I Resultant Shear for Bolts, Pr

Positive Flexure
PS =
282.7 k
28
= 10.10 kips per bolt ↓ ()
Page 3.3.21-42 May 2008

32.4 k
PH = = 1.16 kips per bolt (→)
28
(7930.15 k − in.)(21.125 in.)

PMH = = 34.41 kips per bolt (→)
4868.94 in.2
(7930.15 k − in.)(1.5 in.)
PMV = = 2.44 kips per bolt ↓()
4868.94 in.2
Pr = (10.10 k + 2.44 k )2 + (1.16 k + 34.41k )2 = 37.72 kips per bolt
Negative Flexure
PS =
282.7 k
28
= 10.10 kips per bolt ↓ ()
− 31.96 k
PH = = 1.14 kips per bolt (→)
28
(7933.74 k − in.)(21.125 in.)

PMH = = 34.42 kips per bolt (→)
4868.94 in.2
(7933.74 k − in.)(1.5 in.)
PMV = = 2.44 kips per bolt ↓()
4868.94 in.2
Pr = (10.10 k + 2.44 k )2 + (1.14 k + 34.42 k )2 = 37.71 kips per bolt

Rr = (0.80)(0.38)(0.6013 in.2)(120 ksi)(2) = 43.87 kips
Compare Resultant Shear, Pr, with Factored Shear Resistance, Rr

Positive Flexure
Pr = 37.72 kips ≤ Rr = 43.87 kips O.K.
Negative Flexure
Pr = 37.71 kips ≤ Rr = 43.87 kips O.K.
May 2008 Page 3.3.21-43

Determine Service II Forces
Calculate Service II Shear Forces,Vow

Maximum Service II Shear
Vow = 1.0(34.5 k) + 1.0(5.9 k) + 1.0(15.4 k) + 1.3(84.5 k) = 165.65 kips
Minimum Service II Shear

Vow = 1.0(34.5 k) + 1.0(5.9 k) + 1.3(-12.9 k) = 23.6 kips
Calculate Service II Moment Due to Shear Eccentricity, Mov (C6.13.6.1.4b)

Mov = (165.65 k)(3 ½ in.) = 579.78 k-in.
Calculate Service II Flexural Moment, Mow

Positive Flexure
(0.5 in.)( 48 in.) 2
Mow = (11.07 ksi) − ( −10.29 ksi) = 2050.56 k-in.
12
(Modified C6.13.6.1.4b-1)
Negative Flexure
(0.5 in.)( 48 in.) 2
Mow = ( −12.98 ksi) − (12.05 ksi) = 2402.88 k-in.
12
Calculate Service II Total Moment

Positive Flexure
Mo-total = 2050.56 k-in. + 579.78 k-in. = 2630.34 k-in.
Negative Flexure
Mo-total = 2402.88 k-in. + 579.78 k-in. = 2982.66 k-in.
Page 3.3.21-44 May 2008

Calculate Service II Design Horizontal Force Resultant
Positive Flexure
(0.5 in.)( 48 in.)
How = [(11.07 ksi) + ( −10.29 ksi)] = 9.36 kips
2
Negative Flexure
(0.5 in.)( 48 in.)
How = [( −12.98 ksi) + (12.05 ksi)] = -11.16 kips
2
Check Web Splice Bolt Slip Resistance

Ip = 4868.94 in.2
Calculate Service II Resultant Shear for Bolts, Por

Positive Flexure
Pos =
165.65 k
28
= 5.92 kips ↓ ()
9.36 k
PoH = = 0.33 kips (→)
28
(2630.34 k − in.)(21.125 in.)

PoMH = = 11.41 kips (→)
4868.94 in 2
(2630.34 k − in.)(1.5 in.)
PoMV = = 0.81 kips ↓ ()
4868.94 in.2
Por = (5.92 k + 0.81 k )2 + (0.33 k + 11.41 k )2 = 13.53 kips
Negative Flexure
Pos =
165.65 k
28
= 5.92 kips ↓ ()
− 11.16 k
PoH = = 0.40 kips (→)
28
May 2008 Page 3.3.21-45

(2982.66 k − in.)(21.125 in.)
PoMH = = 12.94 kips (→)
4868.94 in.2
(2982.66 k − in.)(1.5 in.)
PoMV = ()
= 0.92 kips ↓
4868.94 in.2
Por = (5.92 k + 0.92 k )2 + (0.40 k + 12.94 k )2 = 14.99 kips

Rr = (1.0)(0.33)(2)(39 k) = 25.74 kips (Eq. 6.13.2.8-1)
Compare Service II Resultant Design Force, Por, with Factored Slip Resistance, Rr
Positive Flexure
Por = 13.53 kips ≤ Rr =25.74 kips O.K.
Negative Flexure
Por = 14.99 kips ≤ Rr = 25.74 kips O.K.
Check Web Splice Plate Shear Yielding
Calculate Factored Shear Resistance for Web Splice Plates, Rr (6.13.5.3)

2
Ag = 2(⅜ in.)(45.25 in.) = 33.9375 in.
Rr = (1.0)(0.58)(33.9375 in.2)(50 ksi) = 984.2 kips (Eqs.6.13.5.3-1 & 6.13.5.3-2)
Compare Strength I Design Shear, Vuw, with Factored Shear Resistance, Rr

Vuw = 282.7 kips ≤ Rr = 984.2 kips O.K.
Check Web Splice Plate Block Shear
Calculate Factored Block Shear Resistance for Web Splice Plates, Rr (6.13.4)
Rr = 0.8(0.58)(65) [2(⅜ in.)(45.25 in. – 14(⅞ in. + ⅛ in.))] = 706.9 kips
Compare Strength I Design Shear, Vuw, with Factored Block Shear Resistance, Rr
Vuw = 282.7 kips < 706.9 kips O.K.
Page 3.3.21-46 May 2008

Check Web Splice Plate Flexural Yielding
Calculate Strength I Flexural Stress, fu, for Web Splice Plates
2[(3 8 in.)(45.25 in.) ]

2
SPL = = 255.95 in.3
6
APL = 2[(45.25 in.)(⅜ in.)] = 33.9375 in.2
Positive Flexure
(6940.70 k − in.) + (989.45 k − in.) 32.40 k

fu = 3
+ = 31.94 ksi
255.95 in. 33.9375 in.2
Negative Flexure
(6944.29 k − in.) + (989.45 k − in.) − 31.96 k

fu = + = 31.94 ksi
255.95 in.3 33.9375 in.2
Compare Strength I Flexural Stress, fu, with φfFy (6.13.6.1.4b)

Positive Flexure
fu = 31.94 ksi ≤ (1.00)(50 ksi) = 50 ksi O.K.
Negative Flexure
fu = 31.94 ksi ≤ (1.00)(50 ksi) = 50 ksi O.K.
Check Extreme Bolt Bearing
Calculate the Strength I Nominal Resistance, Rn, of Bolt Holes

( 4 in.) − ( 14 in.)
xend(web) = − (0.5)(1 in.) = 1 ⅜ in. not > 2(⅞ in.) = 1 ¾ in.
2
xend(splice)= 1.5 – 0.5(1.0) = 1.0 in. not > 2(⅞ in.) = 1 ¾ in.
∴ Use (Eq. 6.13.2.9-2)
Rn = 1.2(1 ⅜ in.)(½ in.)(65ksi) = 53.63 kips ← CONT. (Eq. 6.13.2.9-2)

Rn = 1.2(1.0 in.)(2)(⅜ in.)(65ksi) = 58.5 kips (Eq. 6.13.2.9-2)
May 2008 Page 3.3.21-47

Calculate the Bearing Factored Resistance, Rr, of the Connected Material
Rr = (0.80)(53.63 k) = 42.9 kips
Compare Strength I Resultant Shear, Pr, with Factored Shear Resistance, Rr

Positive Flexure
Pr = 37.72 kips ≤ Rr = 42.9 kips O.K.
Negative Flexure:
Pr = 37.71 kips ≤ Rr = 42.9 kips O.K.
Determine Fatigue Forces
Calculate Fatigue Shear Forces,Vrw

Maximum Fatigue Shear
Vrw = 0.75(32.8 k) = 24.6 kips
Minimum Fatigue Shear

Vrw = 0.75(-4.4 k) = -3.3 kips
Calculate Fatigue Moment Due to Shear Eccentricity, Mrv (C6.13.6.1.4b)

Mrv = [(24.6 k)-(-3.3 k)](3 ½ in.) = 97.65 k-in.
Calculate Fatigue Flexural Moment, Mrw

Positive Flexure
(0.5 in.)( 48 in.) 2
Mrw = [(2.39 ksi) − ( −2.23 ksi)] = 443.52 k-in.
12
(Modified Eq. C6.13.6.1.4b-1)
Negative Flexure
(0.5 in.)( 48 in.) 2
Mrw = [( −1.75 ksi) − (1.64 ksi)] = -325.44 k-in.
12
(Modified Eq. C6.13.6.1.4b-1)
Calculate Fatigue Total Moment Range, Mr-total range

Mr-total range = 97.65 k-in. + [(443.52 k-in.) - (-325.44 k-in.)] = 866.61 k-in.
Page 3.3.21-48 May 2008

Calculate Fatigue Design Horizontal Force Resultant

Positive Flexure
(0.5 in.)( 48 in.)
Hrw = [( 2.39 ksi) + ( −2.23 ksi)] = 1.92 kips (Modified C6.13.6.1.4b-2)
2
Negative Flexure
(0.5 in.)( 48 in.)
Hrw = [( −1.75 ksi) + (1.64 ksi)] = -1.32 kips (Modified C6.13.6.1.4b-2)
2
Calculate Horizontal Force Resultant Range, Hrw-range

Hrw-range = (1.92 k) - (-1.32 k) = 3.24 kips
Web Splice Plate Fatigue Check
Calculate Factored Fatigue Stress, γ( Δfr ) , for Web Splice Plates
866.61 k − in. 3.24 k

γ( Δfr ) = + = 3.48 ksi
255.95 in.2 33.9375 in.2

The following design criteria shall be met:
γ( Δfr ) = 3.48 ksi ≤ ( ΔF)n = 9.33 ksi O.K. (6.6.1.2.2-1)
Check Web Splice Bolt Spacing
Using Bridge Manual Figures 3.3.21-1 and 3.3.21-3, spacing O.K.
May 2008 Page 3.3.21-49

3.3.21-LRFD Splice Design PDF

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Design Guides 3.3.

21 - LRFD Bolted Splice Design

3.3.21 LRFD Bolted Splice Design

LRFD Splice Design Procedure, Equations, and Outline

Determine Flange Stresses

Stresses shall be calculated at the mid-thickness of the each flange (C6.13.6.1.4c).

May 2008 Page 3.3.21-1

fu = γDC1(fDC1) + γDC2(fDC2) + γDW(fDW) + 1.75(fLL+IM)

Page 3.3.21-2 May 2008

fo = 1.0(fDC1) + 1.0(fDC2) + 1.0(fDW) + 1.3(fLL+IM)

Determine Trial Flange Splice Plates

Determine Trial Flange Splice Plate Bolt Layout

Calculate Flange Effective Area, Ae (6.13.6.1.4c)

May 2008 Page 3.3.21-3

Determine Strength I Controlling and Non-controlling Flange Stresses

Page 3.3.21-4 May 2008

Calculate Strength I Flange Design Forces (6.13.6.1.4c)

Non-controlling Flange Design Force, Pncf

May 2008 Page 3.3.21-5

Non-controlling Flange Design Force, Pncf

Flange Splice Plate Strength I Design

Check Tension in Splice Plates (6.13.6.1.4c & 6.13.5.2)

Calculate Factored Tensile Resistance

2. Pr = φuPnu = φuFuAnU (Eq. 6.8.2.1-2)

Page 3.3.21-6 May 2008

Calculate Factored Tensile Resistance

Check Compression in Splice Plates

Calculate Factored Resistance in Compression, Rr

May 2008 Page 3.3.21-7

Calculate Factored Resistance in Compression, Rr

Compare Resistance in Compression, Rr, to Factored Design Force, Pcf or Pncf

Calculate Reduction Factor for Fillers (6.13.6.1.5)

Page 3.3.21-8 May 2008

Calculate Factored Shear Resistance for Bolts, Rr, (6.13.2.7)

Compare Factored Bolt Shear, Pr, with Factored Resistance, Rr

Check Flange Splice Bolt Slip Resistance

Calculate Factored Slip Resistance for Bolts, Rr (6.13.2.8)

May 2008 Page 3.3.21-9

fs = maximum Service II flexural stress (ksi)

Check Flange Splice Bearing Resistance:

Calculate the Nominal Resistance, Rn, of Bolt Holes

Page 3.3.21-10 May 2008

Calculate the Factored Bearing Resistance, Rr, of the Connected Material

Flange Splice Plate Fatigue Check

Check Fatigue Detail Design Criteria (6.6.1.2.2)

Note that this method is modified from that recommended in LRFD

May 2008 Page 3.3.21-11

Ae = effective flange area corresponding to the fatigue stress (in.2)

Check Flange Splice Bolt Spacing

Determine Trial Web Splice Plate

Determine Trial Web Splice Bolt Layout

Page 3.3.21-12 May 2008

Calculate Strength I Shear Forces,Vu

Vu = γDC1(VDC1) + γDC2(VDC2) + γDW(VDW) + 1.75(VLL+IM)

Calculate Nominal Shear Resistance, Vn

May 2008 Page 3.3.21-13

C = 1.0 (Eq. 6.10.9.3.2-4)

Stiffened Webs (Beyond the Scope of Design Guide) (6.10.9.3)

Calculate Strength I Design Shear, Vuw (6.13.6.1.4b)

Page 3.3.21-14 May 2008

Calculate the Strength I Moment Due to Shear Eccentricity (C6.13.6.1.4b)

Calculate Strength I Flexural Moment

fncf = Strength I flexural stress at mid-thickness of the non-controlling flange at