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Chapter 9 Total PDF
Chapter 9 Total PDF
Phase Diagrams
University of Tennessee, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering 1
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Introduction to Materials Science, Chapter 9, Phase Diagrams
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Introduction to Materials Science, Chapter 9, Phase Diagrams
Microstructure
The properties of an alloy depend not only on proportions
of the phases but also on how they are arranged structurally
at the microscopic level. Thus, the microstructure is
specified by the number of phases, their proportions, and
their arrangement in space.
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Introduction to Materials Science, Chapter 9, Phase Diagrams
Phase diagram
A phase diagram - graphical representation of the
combinations of temperature, pressure, composition, or
other variables for which specific phases exist at
equilibrium.
Phase diagram
A phase diagrams show what phases exist at equilibrium
and what phase transformations we can expect when we
change one of the parameters of the system (T, P,
composition).
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Introduction to Materials Science, Chapter 9, Phase Diagrams
α+L
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Introduction to Materials Science, Chapter 9, Phase Diagrams
L Liquid solution
α+L
Liquid solution
α +
Crystallites of
Solid solution
Polycrystal
Solid solution
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Introduction to Materials Science, Chapter 9, Phase Diagrams
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Introduction to Materials Science, Chapter 9, Phase Diagrams
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Introduction to Materials Science, Chapter 9, Phase Diagrams
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Introduction to Materials Science, Chapter 9, Phase Diagrams
E
TE
Invariant or eutectic point
Eutectic isotherm
CE
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Introduction to Materials Science, Chapter 9, Phase Diagrams
The melting point of the eutectic alloy is lower than that of the
components (eutectic = easy to melt in Greek).
•A
•B
•C
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Introduction to Materials Science, Chapter 9, Phase Diagrams
L → α +L→ α
α +L
α +β
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Introduction to Materials Science, Chapter 9, Phase Diagrams
L → α +β
University of Tennessee, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering 29
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Introduction to Materials Science, Chapter 9, Phase Diagrams
Wβ = P / (P+Q+R) (β phase)
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Introduction to Materials Science, Chapter 9, Phase Diagrams
intermetallic
compound
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Introduction to Materials Science, Chapter 9, Phase Diagrams
Peritectic Reactions
A peritectic reaction - solid phase and liquid phase will
together form a second solid phase at a particular
temperature and composition upon cooling - e.g. L + α ↔ β
These reactions are rather slow as the product phase will
form at the boundary between the two reacting phases thus
separating them, and slowing down any further reaction.
Peritectic Reactions
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Introduction to Materials Science, Chapter 9, Phase Diagrams
Congruent Ni-Ti
melting of γ
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Introduction to Materials Science, Chapter 9, Phase Diagrams
γ → α + γ → α + Fe3C
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Introduction to Materials Science, Chapter 9, Phase Diagrams
γ → γ + Fe3C → α + Fe3C
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Introduction to Materials Science, Chapter 9, Phase Diagrams
Fraction of pearlite:
Summary
Make sure you understand language and concepts:
¾ Austenite ¾ Microconstituent
¾ Cementite ¾ Pearlite
¾ Component ¾ Peritectic reaction
¾ Congruent transformation ¾ Phase
¾ Equilibrium ¾ Phase diagram
¾ Eutectic phase ¾ Phase equilibrium
¾ Eutectic reaction ¾ Primary phase
¾ Eutectic structure ¾ Proeutectoid cementite
¾ Eutectoid reaction ¾ Proeutectoid ferrite
¾ Ferrite ¾ Solidus line
¾ Hypereutectoid alloy ¾ Solubility limit
¾ Hypoeutectoid alloy ¾ Solvus line
¾ Intermediate solid solution ¾ System
¾ Intermetallic compound ¾ Terminal solid solution
¾ Invariant point ¾ Tie line
¾ Isomorphous
¾ Lever rule
¾ Liquidus line
¾ Metastable
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Introduction to Materials Science, Chapter 9, Phase Diagrams
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