CC CIA-II (Part A)

By Rohit Singh Saini

BBAH

Discuss the trajectory of any product, plan, process or system over a span of
time depicting changes highlighted in its elements with reason (Answer should
justify 15 marks and is not restricted by word limits).

Product - Evaluation of mobile phones

In today's time, It seems that modern society still has little technology obsession. But no device
in the world has had the same impact as a mobile phone.

The average person touches their phone approx 2500 times per day. Around the world, more
people have access to a mobile phone than to a toilet. On average, we spend less than 800 hours
(over a month!) on our mobile phones. Given the growing number, it is not surprising that the
last ten years have been called "smart phone contracts".

In the beginning era of mobile phones, it was used for only to communicate with others on the
go. Shortly thereafter, the possibility of sending text messages to other mobile phones was
introduced. Today you can literally use mobile phones for everything. There are currently no
restrictions on Smartphone, from paying for another meal to sleep.

ThEse magical portable technology boxes have become an essential part of interpersonal
communication, and their significance will only increase with time. From the rise of SMS to
anywhere, anytime Internet connectivity to mobile photography, cell phones have been the
catalyst for cultural and technological changes over the past 41 years.

It is not the only thing that has changed since the first sale of mobile phones. Do you think
iPhone XS costs $ 1,500? First phones available for $ 4,000! Due to rising demand for mobile
phones, technology has risen and prices have been steadily falling (until prices have risen in
recent years).

However, the development of mobile phones was very exciting. This CIA has been dedicated to
the entire history of mobile phones since our first calls since 1973.

Quick Year wise evolution in mobile phones

 1973
The first ever mobile phone call was made by Dr Martin Cooper, a Motorola employee, in New
York using a prototype Dyna TAC phone. Cooper called his friend who worked at rival AT&T.
The phone weighed over a kilogramme and took 10 hours to charge!
 1979
Japan has always been at the forefront of technology and in 1979 they launched the first ever
commercially available automated cellular network, it was however only available in cars. We
now call this “1G”.
 1981
1G reaches western shores, first in Scandinavia and then the UK and North America.
 1983
The first mobile phone goes on sale in the shape of the Motorola DynaTAC 8000X. It cost an
eye-watering $4000 USD.
 1985
Michael Harrison made the first ever mobile phone call in the UK. He called his father, the then
Chairman of Vodafone, Sir Ernest Harrison.
 1989
The first ever truly portable mobile phone hits the shelves – the Motorola 9800X which features a
flip down to cover the keypad.
 1991
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) phone launched and 2G digital cellular
networks replaced the 1G analogue system.
2G made Text messages, picture messages, and multimedia messages (MMS) possible, creating
a whole new way for people to communicate.
 1992
Neil Papworth sent the first ever text message to Vodafone director Richard Jarvis's Orbitel TPU
901 phone. It read “happy Christmas!”.
 1994
IBM brought out the Simon which had a touchscreen and a very early form of what we all know
today as ‘Apps’. It cost $899 and only worked in 15 states in the US.
Nokia also launched the 2110 in Europe, it was one of the smallest GSM phones available and a
choice of ringtones which brought us the iconic Grande Valse, now known as the Nokia tune.
 1996
The first ever phone with the ‘slider’ form factor came in the shape of the Nokia 8110. It had the
nickname the banana phone due to its shape and even made an appearance on the big screen in
the Matrix. It was also the first device to feature a monochrome LCD screen.
Another first came from the Motorola StarTAC as the first ever flip phone or clamshell device. It
sold over 60 million units worldwide.
 1997
 The iconic game Snake is launched on the Nokia 6110 which marks the start of mobile gaming.
Hagenuk launched the GlobalHandy with no external aerial; Ericcson brought out coloured
keyboard panels and Siemens brought us the first coloured screen phone – the S10.
In the UK Mercury One2One started the first ever pay as you go services called ‘Up 2 You’. It
allowed customers to top up their call credit and later became T-Mobile and then EE.
 1998
Nokia launched the 5110 which was hugely popular with the consumer market and it
incorporated replaceable faceplates (which Nokia branded 'Xpress-on covers') making it the first
truly customisable phone.
 1999
WAP launches on the Nokia 7110 making it the first phone capable of browsing the web albeit a
trimmed down version which didn’t provide the full HTML experience we know today.
 2000
The Sharp J-SH04 becomes the first camera phone on the market but only available in Japan.
BlackBerry launch their 857 which support email and web browsing signifying the start of
BlackBerry’s reign as the business phone kings. Nokia also launched perhaps the most iconic
phone of all time – the Nokia 3310. It sold 126 million units.
 2001
Full-colour displays start to hit the market first with the Mitsubishi Trium Eclipse but the
Ericcson T68i.
Qwerty keyboards also made an appearance in the shape of the Nokia 5510 but It was the 8310
that proved the popular phone due to its slick design and cutting edge features including Infrared,
a fully functional calendar and an FM radio.
 2002
Europe’s first camera phone, the Nokia 7650, was released. T-Mobile also announced the UK's
first picture messaging service available on the Sony Ericsson T68i.
The 7560's 0.3-megapixel sensor gave you 640×480 pixels of colour imaging.
 2003
The Finnish giant’s best-selling phone of all time, the Nokia 1100, hit the shelves and has since
sold over 200 million units.
3G networks begin to be rolled out across the globe, providing data transmission speeds three to
ten times faster than 2G. This enabled users to watch video clips, participate in video
conferencing and utilise location-based services for the first time.
 2004
Motorola launches the Razr V3 – one of the most popular ‘fashion’ orientated phones between
2004 and 2006. It sold over 130 million units and is the best-selling clamshell device of all time
and arguably set the standard for future sleek designs to come.
 2005
Android, the mobile operating system was acquired by Google which sent the message the
Mountain View giant was serious about mobile technology.
The Casio G'zOne became the first waterproof handset sparking a movement towards phones
gaining IP certifications.
 2006
The Nokia N95 launched providing the first real smartphone experience. It ran on Symbian, had
160mb of RAM, the world's first 5-megapixel phone camera, Bluetooth and Wi-FI.
 2007
June 2007 saw the launch of the 1st generation iPhone. Unveiled by Steve Jobs, it featured an
auto-rotate sensor, a capacitative screen that allowed multiple inputs while ignoring minor
touches. Needless to say, it was an instant success.
 2008
The first Android phone is released called the G1. It has a limited touchscreen and a slide out
keyboard. Elsewhere Microsoft decides to bin Windows Mobile citing that it cannot compete
with iOS or Android. It begins work on a brand new OS – Windows Phone. Apple also launches
the App store with 552 apps available to download.
 2009
WhatsApp launches, its co-founder, Jan Koum Koum came up with the idea for the messaging
app during a movie night at a friends place.
In Sweden & Norway TeliaSonera becomes the first operator to offer customers 4G services. In
practical terms, 4G boasts data transfer speeds five times what can be achieved over 3G
networks.
 2010
Apple launched the iPhone 4 but antenna problems plagued it. Google finally released a branded
smartphone - the Nexus One.
 2011
Samsung cements their place as the biggest global smartphone vendor thanks to the Galaxy S II
which packs an 8MP camera and an AMOLED display.
 2012
Five years after the first iPhone hit the shelves, the fifth generation model lands in September.
The iPhone 5 sells 5 million units in its first weekend.
 2013
Fingerprint scanning went mainstream when it launched on the iPhone 5S via the touch button.
 2014
3G coverage is now available to 99% of the UK population. Elsewhere Facebook acquires
WhatsApp for $19 billion.
 2015
Chinese firms Huawei and Xiaomi make strides in Western Markets, but both Samsung and
Apple continue to dominate with the Galaxy S5 and iPhone 6S respectively holding 38% of the
global market share between them.
4G data traffic surpassed 3G for the first time. Although 4G represents only 14% of mobile
connections in 2015, it already accounts for 47% of mobile data traffic.
 2016
 Google ditch their Nexus branding and replace it with the Pixel, releasing two new high-end
smartphones; the Pixel and Pixel XL. Both are hoped to compete directly with Apple’s iPhone 7
and 7 Plus.
 2017
Microsoft ends support for the Windows Phone OS, just 7 years after its response to Android and
iOS. Screen design dominance continues to rise, with Samsung Galaxy S8 and iPhone X
adopting over 82% screen-to-body ratios.
The focus on screen real estate sees the rise of the 'notch' trend. The Sharp Aquos S2 and
Essential Phone first to sport the feature before the iPhone X gave it true prominence.
SMS messaging celebrates its 25th anniversary. After struggling to gain widespread adoption due
to poor coverage, the service now transmits 22 billion messages daily.
 2018
Chinese manufacturer Ulefone launches the Power 5 incorporating a 13,000 mAh battery, the
largest ever seen in a mobile phone over four times greater than Apple's flagship, the iPhone XS
Max released in the same year.
 2019
The UK & US begin to deploy 5G network, initial indications point to real-world data transfer
speeds 10 times faster than 4G.

How far cell phone came!

1) Radio Common Carrier (RCC)

This Device started the mobile journey. This was first introduced in the '60s as a precellular
system. Like a radio, it could transmit voice communication through a push-to-talk system, but it
used a public telephone network and had its own telephone number.

2) Brick Phone (Motorola DynaTAC)

Gordon Gekko may have been the star of Wall Street, but his Motorola DynaTAC played a
major supporting role. The classic brick phone had an LED screen and boasted 30 minutes of
talk time with eight hours of standby. The DynaTAC was priced at almost $4,000 in the early
'80s — no wonder it made its first appearance in the hands of bankers on Wall Street!

It was this phone with which Motorola employee Marty Cooper made the first mobile phone call.

3) The Clamshell
 The first foray into truly portable devices was the clamshell form factor. Motorola was a
pioneer in this front, with the MicroTAC, which looked much like the one 1989 Whoopi
Goldberg was using.

The MicroTAC had a red LED display and a standard 12-button keypad, plus a menu of
options including a calculator, hands-free operation, keypad tones, and much, much
more. By the time that MicroTAC was announced, the phone still cost consumers upward
of $2,500.

4) The Candybar

Nokia was at the forefront of this type of device. The candybar phone was named as such,
because it was approximately the size and shape of, well, a bar of candy.

5) The Elites
 The mid '90s was the period of evolution for the mobile industry. The clamshell phone
shed some heft and paved the way for the modern flip phone.

6) Satellite Phone

This Motorola hybrid satellite/GSM phone was one of the first of its kind. A smartphone
connects to orbiting satellites, rather than Earth-bound cellular towers, which means it
can make a call from essentially anywhere in the world.

7) The PDA

The personal digital assistants of the '90s ushered in a wave of pocket computing and
touchscreen devices. The industry game changer was popularized by Palm, which
launched the Palm Pilot in 1997 for a retail price of about $200-$300. The virtual
keyboard, handwriting recognition, and Internet connectivity were cutting-edge
technologies during that time
‘
 8) Nokia 6000 Series

Interchangeable face plates! The popular cell phone of the early '00s made mobile
communication affordable and widely available for the masses. And this was very
famous at that time.

9) Creative Keyboards

Mobile-phone manufacturers looking to capitalize on the rise of SMS created a variety of wacky-
looking phones that incorporated full-size QWERTY keyboards.
 10) Razr

The slim, sleek, and superpocketable form factor made the Motorola flip phone, which
launched in 2004, a surefire hit among the fashion-forward crowd.

11) BlackBerry

The BlackBerry email client and BlackBerry-to-BlackBerry instant messaging took the mobile
world by storm when it made its debut in the early '00s. Thumbs were never the same again

12) T-Mobile Sidekick

Originally named the "Hiptop," the T-Mobile Sidekick was an SMS-friendly phone for the next
generation of texters. Like, for texting your BFF Jill.

13) The iphone

The world wasn't quite ready for the iPhone when it was unveiled in 2007. Apple founder
Steve Jobs launched the all-in-one digital music player, camera (2MP!), and Internet-enabled
PDA device, and the rest is history.

14) Apps Take Over

App-enabled smartphones took over the market after the release of the iPhone. Google's open-
sourced Android platform made it possible for manufacturers like Samsung, LG, HTC, and
others to create devices based on the mobile operating system.
 15) The Fire Phone

In June 2014, Amazon got in on the cell phone game with the Fire phone. It comes with pretty
innovative features, including a better camera and free photo storage in the cloud, 3D features,
and Firefly technology, which can recognized 100 million items in the real world.

16) The Future

The mobile phones of the future are expected to be more closely embedded in our day-to-day
lives than ever before.

Concept phones are a great way of getting a glimpse at how phones of the future may develop.

Here is a list of some of the things we might be able to expect from the phones of the future:
- Holographic displays

From Star Wars to Ironman, holograms have long been a regular feature in sci-fi and futuristic
fantasy films.

Holographic phones could one day be a reality though. Especially if the Holoflex prototype
showcased by researchers from Queen’s University in Canada is anything to go by.

As the name suggests, the HoloFlex is both holographic and flexible, allowing users to bend the
handset to view the 3D display from different angles and interact with the images on screen.
- Flexible frames

For a long time now, phone companies have talked of creating a smartphone that is so robust that
it can actually be folded in two by the user.

These types of phones can be wrapped around your wrist, transformed into a GPS-enabled belt
clip for hiking and extreme sports, or used as a flat screen for watching videos.

-Eco-friendly smartphones
Companies are always looking to make their products more environmentally friendly, and phone
makers are no exception, with researchers looking into biodegradable materials and cleaner
energy charging.

- Mind control

Back in the day, the main way of using a phone was a physical keypad. This was eventually
replaced by the touchscreens we use today. With services like Google Assistant and Samsung
Bixby, we can now interact with our devices just by using our voices.

I think the next step in this evolution is mind control.

- Over-the-air charging

Things could be quite different in the future. A company called Energous is developing
technology to charge devices over the air. Place your phone within three feet of the WattUp Mid
Field transmitter and it will start charging right away. I love this idea, but let’s take it a step
further.

Conclusion
Hence, mobiles technology is upgrading faster than a time as we can see daily new one smart
phone is coming with new or upgraded features which is diminishing yesterdays technology, so
not only in mobile industry technology is rapidly changing, its changing in all the fields, it is just
to make humans more comfortable and easy to do anything that makes our life easier.
BIBLEOGRAPHY

https://flauntdigital.com/blog/evolution-mobile-phones/

https://www.tigermobiles.com/evolution/#footer

https://www.flowfinity.com/blog/the-evolution-of-smartphones-12-key-highlights.aspx

https://www.popsugartech.com/photo-gallery/29019196/image/29020225/Future

https://www.androidauthority.com/future-phones-927528/

https://www.uswitch.com/mobiles/guides/future-of-mobile-phones/