HISTORY OF NURSING INFORMATICS

HISTORY of NURSING
_ Prior to 1960's
 Computers were initially used in health care
facilities for basic business functions.
 Period for rapid growth in nursing and increase in
health care facilities.

_1960's
 Hospital Information Systems (HIS) was
developed primarily to process financial

_1970's
 Steps were taken to merge computers with nursing
 Nurses assisted in the design and development of nursing applications for the HIS
and other environments where the nurses’ function.
 Management Information (MIS) were developed.

_1980's
 Nursing Informatics emerged in the health industry and nursing. It became a
recognized specialty in the US.
 HISs emerged with nursing subsystems.
 Microcomputer or Personal Computer (PC) was developed and made accessible to
nurses.

_1990's
 Policies and legislations were adopted promoting computer technology in
healthcare including nursing.
 American Nurses Association (ANA) approved NI as a nursing specialty in 1992
 Laptops and netbooks were developed.
 Wireless technologies made it simpler for nursing and other healthcare
professionals to access applications at the point-of-care where the patient was
(Saba & Erdiey, 2010).
 Internet became a tool for web-based clinical applications, communication and
access to evidence-based resources. It moved to social milieu in 1995 with e-mail
and WWW protocols which enhanced usability and user friendliness.
Nurses have been delivering compassionate care using technology since the
time of Florence Nightingale.
[Cite your source here.]
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ORY OF NURSING INFORMATICS

_Post-2000
 Torrid pace of hardware and software development
and growth.
 Clinical information systems are now individualized
 Development of wireless tablet computers, personal
digital assistants (PDA's), smart cellular phones
 Internet provide increased adoption and utilization of
information technology in nursing and health care. It
is also used in the development of clinical applications.

Nursing
Informati
MAJOR HISTORICAL MILIEU
 1950’s- Healthcare began using computers usually in
cs has
business offices.
 1970’s- Nursing began to realize the importance of
experien
computer to the nursing profession and became ced
involved in the design, purchase, and implementation
of information systems (Saba & McCormick, 2006). rapid
 1992- Nursing Informatics recognized as a specialty
by ANA and first scope of practice for informatics growth
nurse was developed.
 1995- first licensure exam for Nurse Informatics. in the
 Late 1990’s- Telemedicine became possible and was
recognized as a specialty. last 40
 Post-2000- Unprecedented explosion in the number
and sophistication of both computer hardware and
software.
 2007- 3rd version of Informatics Nursing scope of
Practice. AONE identifies Information Management
and Technology as a core competency for nurse
executive.

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 HISTORY OF NURSING INFORMATICS
HISTORY of NURSING INFORMATICS in the PHILIPPINES
_1980’s
 Health Informatics loosely practiced
 Biomedical Informatics is practiced in the Philippines
 Word processors to capture patient information
 Data Base Management Systems

_1990's
 Medical Informatics of Health Information in the
Philippines.
_1999
 "Standards of Health Information in the Philippines, 1999 version." or "SHIP99"
was established.

_2008
 Commission on Higher (CHED) Memorandum Order 5 Series of 2008 defined NI
course.

_2009
 CHED Memorandum Order 14 included Health Informatics as a Course Guide.

_2010
 PHILIPPINE NURSING INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION was established.

1980's 1990's
CHIT system
tertiary facilities already PAMI was formed Establishment of the MIU
development
using IBM machines headed by Dr. Marte

2004 2004 1997

Launch of the DOH
Creation of Multipurpose Master of science in Action agenda for the website
Telecenter Health Informatics in UST 21st century

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MODELS OF NURSING INFORMATICS

MODELS
 Representations of some aspect of the
real world.

 Evolve as the knowledge about the

selected aspect changes and are
dependent on the "WORLD VIEW" of

2. Patricia Schwirian
Model
 Provides a framework
form identifying
significant information
needed, which in turn can
foster research.

1. Turley Model
 Core components of informatics
are:
 Cognitive Science
 Information Science
 Computer Science

 Nursing Informatics is
intersection between the
discipline specific science
(Nursing) and the area 10
informatics. 00
00
00
 MODELS OF NURSING INFORMATICS

3. Data, Information, Knowledge and Wisdom

 Data - Discrete entities that are described objectively without
interpretation
 Information - Data that is interpreted organized or structured
 Knowledge - Information that has been synthesized so that
interrelationships are identified and formalized
 Wisdom - Knowledge applied in a practical way or translated
into actions.
 Result in decisions that guide practice.

Example:

Systolic blood Combined with the

110/70 pressure ofof110information in healthcare,
With knowledge of the importance
mmHg and
healthcare informatics hasdiastolic
knowledge in
pharmacology can
become a specialty. 11
mmHg blood pressure of 70
mmHg.
lead to nursing
interventions.
 INFORMATION IN RELATION TO NI

The importance of information

 The healthcare of our clients is
largely dependent on
information.
 Every action taken depends on
previous information and
knowledge.
 The delivery of health care requires
information about:
 Science of type of care
(nursing)
 Patient or client
 Provider

Obstacles to using information

The five rights of
information  There is a need to further
1. Right information emphasize on the importance
2. Right person of evidence-based practice.
3. Right time  There is a need for convenient
4. Right place access to literature resources.
5. Right amount  Education to use technology
Information must to access and retrieve
be: information relevant to clinical
Accurate practice.
Timely  There is a need to instill an
Accessible
information-seeking modeling
Understandable
behavior.
PROJECT 2
 Make a brochure on the importance
of information as to:
 The science of type of care
(nursing)
 Patient or client
 Provider 12
 Outcomes
I. COMPUTER
 It is an electronic device for STORING and PROCESSING data, typically in binary
form. It is programmable machine designed to sequentially and automatically
carry out a sequence of arithmetic and logical operations
 It is a machine, automatic, can manipulate data, and has memory and logical
functions.

A. TYPES OF COMPUTER:

1. Analog Computer
- Deals with quantities that are continuously variable and give approximate results.

2. Digital Computer
- They deal with quantities that are distinct, separate or discrete.

3. Hybrid Computer
- Special purpose machine that combines measuring capabilities of analog and logical
control capabilities of digital computer.

4. Super Computers
- These are the largest and most expensive, it can perform billions of instructions every
second.

5. Mainframes
- These are large computers capable of processing several million instructions per
second. They support organizational functions, therefore have been the traditional
equipment in hospitals. Customized software results in high cost.

6. Minicomputer
- It is a scaled-down version of the mainframe, since it is now becoming more powerful it
can now be found in hospitals and HMO's.

7. Microcomputers (PCs)
- It is an inexpensive processing power for an individual user.

8. Laptop or Notebook, Handheld, and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)

- A handy computer which can be brought from one place to another
 COMPUTERS AND NURSING
COMPUTERS AND NURSING
B. COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER
1. Hardware
- It is the physical part of the computer and its associated equipment
- Includes INPUT DEVICES, OUTPUT DEVICES and CPU.

2. Software
- General term for the various kinds of programs used to operate computers.

3. Peopleware
- Refers to anything that has to do with the role of people in the development and use of
computer software and hardware.

C. 4 MAJOR AREAS OF NURSING IN RELATION TO COMPUTERS

1. Nursing Practice
- Computer system with nursing and patient care data.
- Nursing care plans are no longer separated subsystems of the HIS, but rather integrated
into on interdisciplinary patient health record in the HER.

2. Nursing Administration
- Policies and procedure manuals are accessed and retrieved via the computer.
- The internet is now being accessed by nurses to access digital libraries, online resources
and research protocols at the bedside.

3. Nursing Education
- Computer enhanced courses in nursing, online courses, and distance education.
- Campus wide computer systems are now available where students communicate via
emails, transfer data files, access to digital libraries and retrieve online resources in the
internet
- Educations teach courses via the web and communicate with students via e-mail. They
require new tools techniques and full arrays of multimedia strategies to stimulate their
student.
- Live classroom via computer.

4. Nursing Research
- Computer were used to analyze nursing data.
- Software programs were developed to process qualitative and quantitative data.
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ex. ANOVA, T-test, U-test
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 COMPUTERS AND NURSING
D. USES OF COMPUTERS IN HEALTHCARE
Common Computers Used in Healthcare

Software Used by Registered Nurses

II. NETWORK
 A network is "a combination of hardware and software that allows
communication and electronic transfer of information b ween computers."
 It allows the sharing of computer and software resources.
 It the key for effective functioning of HIS.
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 COMPUTERS AND NURSING
A. TYPES OF NETWORKS

1. Local Area Network (LAN)

- A LAN connects network devices over a relatively short distance. A networked office
building, school, or home.

2. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)

- A wireless LAN is a network linking two or more computers without wires (cables).
Fidelity or Wi-Fi wireless network technology.

3. Wide Area Network (WAN)

- It is based on Wireless A WAN is a geographically dispersed collection of LANs. A
network device called a router connects LANs to a WAN.

4. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

- A network spanning a physical area larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN, such as a
city.

5. campus area network (CAN)

- is a computer network interconnecting a few local area networks (LANs) within a
university campus or corporate campus.

6. Personal Area Network (PAN)

- A personal area network (PAN) is the interconnection of information technology
devices within the range of an -individual person, typically within a range of 10 meters.

7. Global Area Network (GAN)

- is a network that is composed of different interconnected computer networks and
covers an unlimited geographical area. In short it is any network that covers the world.

III. INTERNET
 A global computer network providing a variety of information and
communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using
standardized communication protocols.

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 COMPUTERS AND NURSING

A. IMPACT of INTERNET ON THE DIFFERENT NURSING AREAS

1. Nursing Practice
- Information sites
- Support groups for patients
- Consultations

2. Nursing Education
- No More Pencils, No More Books.
- Online education means that the limits previously imposed by location and time
become less important.
- Students everywhere have access to virtual classrooms and degree programs.
- Employers can select educational seminars and show them in real time in a conference
room or select courses that have been archived for their nurses to watch later.

3. Nursing Research
- The internet can find trends in aggregate data, which derived from large population
group.
- The adoption of standardized language related to nursing terms and computerize
literature searching.

4. Nursing Administration
- Careful development of the program according to needs and capabilities of the users,
strong education pedagogical principles, and constant evaluation for success in order to
make alterations as they are needed.

ACTIVITY 1
1. Make a PowerPoint presentation with random pictures to portray a story of your
choice. Limit the presentation for not more than 3 minutes.

Note: 5 members in a group.

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