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MUSTAFA
MUSTAFA
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Finance is the life blood of business. The origin of finance, there is evidence to prove that it is
as old as human life on earth. The word finance was originally a French word. In the 18th
century, it was adopted by English speaking communities to mean „the management of
money‟. Since then, it has found a permanent place in the English dictionary. Today finance
is not merely a word else has emerged into an academic discipline of greater significance.
Finance is now organized as a branch of economics. The one word which can easily replace
finance is Exchange. Finance is nothing but an exchange of available resources. Finance is
not restricted only to the exchange and/or management of money. A barter trading system is
also a type of finance. Thus, finance is an art of managing various resources like money,
assets, investment, securities. At present, we cannot imagine a world without finance.
Finance is the soul of our economic activities. To perform any economic activity, we need
certain resources, which are to be pooled in terms of money (i.e. in the form of currency
notes, other valuables). Finance is a prerequisite for obtaining physical resources, which are
needed to perform productive activities and carrying business operation such as sales, pay
compensation, reserve for contingencies.
DEFINITION OF FINANCE
"Finance is a simple task of providing the necessary funds (money) required by the business
of entities like companies, firms, individuals and others on the terms that are most favorable
to achieve their economic objectives.
FEATURES OF FINANCE
Investment opportunities
In finance, investment can be explained as a utilization of money for profit or return.
Investment can be done by:
a) Creating physical assets with the money such as development of land, acquiring
commercial assets.
Profitable opportunities
In finance, profitable opportunities are considered as an important aspiration.
a) Profitable opportunities signify that the firm must utilize its available resources most
efficiently under the condition of cut throat competitive markets.
b) Profitable opportunities shall be a vision. It shall not result in short term profits at the
expenses of long term gains.
IMPORTANCE OF FINANCE
OBJECTIVES OF FINANCE
i) To ensure adequate returns to the shareholders which depend upon the earning
capacity, market price of the share, expectations of the shareholders.
ii) To maximize profit for long run.
iii) To ensure adequate supply of funds for all the needs.
iv) To plan a sound capital structure.
v) Keeping and increasing the invested money through sound financial policies and
programme.
vi) It tends to create goodwill.
vii) It deals with wealth maximization.
TYPES OF FINANCE
Public finance
It is the study of the income and expenditure of the state. It deals only with the
finance of the government. Scope of public finance consists in the study of the
collection of funds and their allocation between various branches of state activities
which are regarded as essential duties or functions of the state.
Private finance
It is an alternative corporate finance method that helps an organization raise cash to
avoid limited time frame monetary shortfalls. This method typically serves a firm that
is not listed on a securities exchange or is unable to seek financing on such markets.
Personal finance
It is the application of the principles of finance to the monetary decision of an
individual or family unit. It addresses the ways in which individuals or families
obtain, budget, save and spend monetary resources over time, taking into account
various financial risks and future life events.
Corporate finance
It is primarily concerned with maximizing shareholder value through long term and
short term financial planning and the implementation of various strategies. Corporate
finance includes planning the finance, raising the finance, investing the finance and
monitoring the finance.
The evolution of the financial system has traveled up and down from barter system in
preindustrial economies to universal banking. The evolution of the financial system is greatly
influenced by the spread of urban society, and above all the advent the role that finance had
to play. Finance development accelerated with the expansion of the railways and especially,
with the revolutionalization of the information technology. In India, the evolution of the
financial systems reflected its political, social and economic need and aspirants. Government
has played a large role in the creation and broadcasting of the financial system and financial
deepening in the country.
The government has exerted its influence over the flow of credit, interest rates, credit control
and direction. It is also a big borrower as well as regulator of the financial system. A bulk of
the Indian financial system is in the public sector, even though co-operative and private
sectors are there to complete with other institutions.
Finance was studied as part of economics before the turn of the present century. In the
present country where the massive consolidation movement took place; finance comes to be
studied as a corporate discipline.
In 1929, finance was study of potentialities of different securities as a source of funds from
outside. It also plays the role of functions of institution agencies as a source of fund in 1930;
businessman found that their requirement couldn’t be met by banks and financial institutions.
In order to meet their requirement they needed to liquidate their inventory, the impact of this
improved the methods of planning and control. Re-organization of industries during the Post-
World War 2 period brought forward the problem of raising large amount of capital for the
industries.
In the early 50‟s the U.S. economy faced the boom on business activity and at the same time
it faced tightening of the money situation. So the companies were given to cash flow
management. The financial manager was assigned the responsibility of managing cash flow
in and a manner that industries had sufficient cash to carry out its objectives and meet its
obligation as it become due.
In the period of 1960 and 1970, interesting improvement took place in the sphere of business
finance. The financial management started about aggregate stock price, the empirical
efficiency of business sales, the profitability of institutions investors and the analytical
efficiencies of various portfolios selection criteria on new line. Thus the dimension of
business finance, which was earlier limited to periodic events, changed in recent years to
innovate the study of day to day operation of the financial management along with periodic
events.
STOCK MARKET
The stock market refers to the collection of markets and exchanges where the regular
activities of buying, selling and issuance of shares of publicly held companies take place.
Such financial activities are conducted through institutionalized formal exchanges or over-
the-counter (OTC) marketplaces which operate under the defined set of regulations. There
can be multiple stock trading venues in a country or a region which allow transactions in
stocks and other forms of securities. While both the terms - stock market and stock exchange
- are used interchangeably, the former term is a general superset of the latter. If one says that
he trades in the stock market, it means that he buys and sells shares/equity on one (or more)
of the stock exchange(s) that are part of the overall stock market.
Though it is called stock market or equity market and is primarily known for trading
stocks/equities, other financial securities - like exchange traded funds (ETF), corporate
bonds and derivatives based on stocks, commodities, currencies and bonds - are also traded
on the stock markets.
Almost all the significant firms of India are listed on both the exchanges. NSE enjoys a
dominant share in spot trading, with about 70% of the market share, as of 2009, and almost a
complete monopoly in derivatives trading, with about a 98% share in this market, also as of
2009. Both exchanges compete for the order flow that leads to reduced costs, market
efficiency and innovation. The presence of arbitrageurs keeps the prices on the two stock
exchanges within a very tight range. (To learn more, see The Birth Of Stock Exchanges.)
Then the madras stock exchange was started in 1920. At present there are 24 stock exchanges
in the country, 21 of them being regional ones with allotted areas. Two others set up in the
reform era, viz., the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Over the Counter Exchange of India
(OICEI), have mandate to have nation-wise trading.
The Stock Exchanges are being administered by their governing boards and executive chiefs.
Policies relating to their regulation and control are laid down by the Ministry of Finance.
Government also Constituted Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) in April 1988
for orderly development and regulation of securities industry and stock exchanges.
MEANING OF INVESTMENT
Investment refers to sacrifice to some present surplus for the future reward to meet the future
needs. An investment is an asset or item that is purchased with the hope that it will generate
income or will appreciate in the future. In an economic sense, an investment is the purchase
of goods that are not consumed today but are used in the future to create wealth. In finance,
an investment is a monetary asset purchased with the idea that the asset will provide income
in the future or will be sold at a higher price for a profit. An investment deals with higher the
risk higher will be the return and vice versa.
CONCEPT OF INVESTMENT
Investment is an activity that is engaged in by people who have savings that means
investment are made from savings, or in other words, people invest their savings. But all
savers are not investors. Investment is an activity which is different from saving. Investment
is the sacrifice of some present surplus for the future reward keeping in mind the future
needs. People and organization do not like to keep their surplus cash idle as idle cash do not
bring return and hence like to invest their surplus in certain assets. An individual who has
surplus income would either invest in financial assets like securities or deposit in bank or in
real assets like properties, gold or other asset. Similarly a business that has excess cash
reserves they invest in certain securities or in a new venture.
However, all those who invest do not benefit from it. One has to keep in mind that investment
is a risky activity. Investment is an art and in order to benefit from it, the investors should
acquire the requisite knowledge. As a person or business is parting with their surplus they
should be careful while investing. Again the degree of risk varies depending upon the type of
investment. The equity shares offer attractive return but carry high risk as they are market
linked while debt instruments like government bond gives less return but are less risky. To
reduce the risk in investment and maximize the return, the investors have to study the
investment alternatives carefully before investing. Investment basically involves in the
resources which have been saved in the hope that some benefits will accrue in future.
CHARACTERISTICS OF INVESTMENT
Companies constantly produce large amounts of information regarding their financial status,
their success in business markets and their current investments. Much of this information is
required for legal purposes, but it also provides necessary data for the stock market. Most
investors do not have the time or resources to follow this massive amount of company
information. Equity research analysts work to compile this data, along with relevant market
information, to provide investors with useful recommendations.
Definition
In stock market terms, "equity" refers to ownership of a business, which a business can sell as
shares to interested investors. An equity research analyst specializes in examining what
shares are for sale, what shares are selling well and what companies appear to be growing and
will be worthwhile investments. Equity research analysts also track which stocks are falling
so they can point out trends and provide useful information to brokers and investors.
Process
Analysts spend much of their time analyzing individual stocks, especially stocks that have
earned a lot of interest due to changing value. They look at the company that issued the stock
and its history, then analyze the company's industry as a whole and what major changes are
influencing it. The analyst will then look at businesses similar to the company they are
studying to find information about overall value and average earnings for that kind of
business.
Common Tasks
Equity research analysts have many different jobs. Once they have compiled information,
many use basic formulas and programs to create financial models of specific companies and
industries, or ratios that show important facts about a business's financial standing. Many
follow up these models by writing reports for investors summarizing their findings. Some
may tap into independent sources and contacts to keep up on recent events. All research
analysts must ensure they use only publicly available knowledge and not illegal, insider
information.
Market Influence
Equity research analysts tend to be influenced by current events, and many tend to make
recommendations based on market activity. This means that as the market changes, analysts'
attitudes also change to mirror current interest. This can create a tendency for some analysts
to become myopic, only reporting on popular news and backing certain stocks because they
are trendy in the short term
BANKING SECTOR
The banking section will navigate through all the aspects of the Banking System in India. It
will discuss upon the matters with the birth of the banking concept in the country to new
players adding their names in the industry in coming few years.
As per the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), India’s banking sector is sufficiently capitalized and
well-regulated. The financial and economic conditions in the country are far superior to any
other country in the world. Credit, market and liquidity risk studies suggest that Indian banks
are generally resilient and have withstood the global downturn well.
Indian banking industry is expected to witness better growth prospects in 2016 as a sense of
optimism stems from the Government’s measures towards revitalizing the industrial growth
in the country. In addition, RBI’s new measures may go a long way in helping the
restructuring of the domestic banking industry.
However, in the introduction part of the entire banking cosmos, the past has been well
explained under three different heads namely:
The first deals with the history part since the dawn of banking system in India. Government
took major step in the 1969 to put the banking sector into systems and it nationalized 14
private banks in the mentioned year. This has been elaborated in nationalization of Banks in
India. The last but not the least explains about the scheduled and unscheduled banks in India.
Section 42 (6) (a) of RBI Act 1934 lays down the condition of scheduled commercial banks.
For the past three decades India's banking system has several outstanding achievements to its
credit. The most striking is its extensive reach. It is no longer confined to only metropolitans
or cosmopolitanism India. In fact, Indian banking system has reached even to the remote
corners of the country. This is one of the main reasons of India's growth process.
The government's regular policy for Indian bank since 1969 has paid rich dividends with the
nationalization of 14 major private banks of India.
Not long ago, an account holder had to wait for hours at the bank counters for getting a draft
or for withdrawing his own money. Today, he has a choice. Gone are days when the
most efficient bank transferred money from one branch to other in two days. Now it is simple
as instant messaging or dial a pizza. Money have become the order of the day.
The first bank in India, though conservative, was established in 1786. From 1786 till today,
the journey of Indian Banking System can be segregated into three distinct phases. They are
as mentioned below:
The first bank in India, though conservative, was established in 1786. From 1786 till today,
the journey of Indian Banking System can be segregated into three distinct phases. They are
as mentioned below:
Phase I The General Bank of India was set up in the year 1786. Next came Bank of
Hindustan and Bengal Bank. The East India Company established Bank of Bengal (1809),
Bank of Bombay (1840) and Bank of Madras (1843) as independent units and called it
Presidency Banks. These three banks were amalgamated in 1920 and Imperial Bank of India
was established which started as private shareholders banks, mostly European shareholders.
In 1865 Allahabad Bank was established and first time exclusively by Indians, Punjab
National Bank Ltd. was set up in 1894 with headquarters at Lahore. Between 1906 and 1913,
Bank of India, Central Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Canara Bank, Indian Bank, and Bank
of Mysore were set up. Reserve Bank of India came in 1935.
During the first phase the growth was very slow and banks also experienced periodic failures
between 1913 and 1948. There were approximately 1100 banks, mostly small. To streamline
ACHARYA BANGALORE B SCHOOL Page 12
A STUDY ON PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED BANKING STOCKS
the functioning and activities of commercial banks, the Government of India came up with
The Banking Companies Act, 1949 which was later changed to Banking Regulation Act 1949
as per amending Act of 1965 (Act No. 23 of 1965). Reserve Bank of India was vested with
extensive powers for the supervision of banking in India as the Central Banking Authority.
During those day’s public had lesser confidence in the banks. As an aftermath deposit
mobilization was slow. Abreast of it the savings bank facility provided by the Postal
department was comparatively safer. Moreover, funds were largely given to traders.
Phase II Government took major steps in this Indian Banking Sector Reform after
independence. In 1955, it nationalized Imperial Bank of India with extensive banking
facilities on a large scale especially in rural and semi-urban areas. It formed State Bank of
India to act as the principal agent of RBI and to handle banking transactions of the Union and
State Governments all over the country.
Seven banks forming subsidiary of State Bank of India was nationalized in 1960 on 19th July,
1969, major process of nationalization was carried out. It was the effort of the then Prime
Minister of India, Mrs. Indira Gandhi. 14 major commercial banks in the country were
nationalized.
Second phase of nationalization Indian Banking Sector Reform was carried out in 1980 with
seven more banks. This step brought 80% of the banking segment in India under Government
ownership.
The following are the steps taken by the Government of India to Regulate Banking
Institutions in the Country:
After the nationalization of banks, the branches of the public sector bank India rose to
approximately 800% in deposits and advances took a huge jump by 11,000%.
Banking in the sunshine of Government ownership gave the public implicit faith and
immense confidence about the sustainability of these institutions.
Phase III This phase has introduced many more products and facilities in the banking sector
in its reforms measure. In 1991, under the chairmanship of M Narasimham, a committee was
set up by his name which worked for the liberalization of banking practices.
The country is flooded with foreign banks and their ATM stations. Efforts are being put to
give a satisfactory service to customers. Phone banking and net banking is introduced. The
entire system became more convenient and swift. Time is given more importance than
money.
The financial system of India has shown a great deal of resilience. It is sheltered from any
crisis triggered by any external macroeconomics shock as other East Asian Countries
suffered. This is all due to a flexible exchange rate regime, the foreign reserves are high, the
capital account is not yet fully convertible, and banks and their customers have limited
foreign exchange exposure.
(ii) cash management bills (CMBs) issued under the Market Stabilisation Scheme (which is a
part of investment in government securities in the balance sheet of banks). Loans and
advances extended by banks increased by Rs.1,008 billion. The incremental credit deposit
ratio for the period was only 18.2 per cent. Additional deposits mobilised by commercial
banks have been largely deployed in liquid assets.
• Fall in cost of Funds: Over the past few months, the deposits are increased. It led the banks
to keep a major part of deposits in the form of cash deposits. PSU Banks have a lion share
(over 70%) of the deposits and biggest gainers of the rise in deposits, leading to lower cost of
funds. Surplus liquidity conditions have helped facilitate the transmission of monetary policy
to market interest rates. Post demonetisation, several banks lowered their domestic term
deposit rates and lending rates. The median term deposit rates of SCBs declined by 38 bps
during November 2016-February 2017, while the weighted average term deposit rate of
banks declined by 24 bps (up to January 2017). Combined with the sharp increase in low cost
CASA deposits, the overall cost of borrowings declined, allowing banks to reduce their
lending rates.
• Demand for Government Bonds: deposits to the RBI under the reverse repo options. PSU
Banks, particularly, deployed excess funds in government bonds. The return on bond
investment is likely to add 15 to 20 per cent increase in the earnings of banks.
lend the money to the needy group by reducing their interest rates, but it shrunk over the last
few months.
As on 30th June, 1999, there were 300 scheduled banks in India having a total network of
64,918 branches. The scheduled commercial banks in India comprise of State bank of India
and its associates (8), nationalized banks (19), foreign banks (45), private sector banks (32),
co-operative banks and regional rural banks. "Scheduled banks in India" means the State
Bank of India constituted under the State Bank of India Act, 1955 (23 of 1955), a subsidiary
bank as defined in the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act, 1959 (38 of 1959), a
corresponding new bank constituted under section 3 of the Banking Companies (Acquisition
and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1970 (5 of 1970), or under section 3 of the Banking
Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1980 (40 of 1980), or any other
bank being a bank included in the Second Schedule to the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 (2
of 1934), but does not include a co-operative bank".
"Non-scheduled bank in India" means a banking company as defined in clause (c) of section
5 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949), which is not a scheduled bank".
State Bank of India Central Bank of India
State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur Corporation Bank
State Bank of Hyderabad Dena Bank
State Bank of Indore Indian Overseas Bank
State Bank of Mysore Indian Bank
State Bank of Saurashtra Oriental Bank of Commerce
State Bank of Travancore Punjab National Bank
Andhra Bank Punjab and Sind Bank
Allahabad Bank Syndicate Bank
Bank of Baroda Union Bank of India
Bank of India United Bank of India
Bank of Maharashtra UCO Bank
Canara Bank Vijay Bank
ING Visa Bank Ltd HDFC Bank Ltd
American Express Bank Ltd. Citi Bank N.C.
ANZ Grid lays Bank Plc. Deutsche Bank A.G.
Bank of America NT & SA Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation
Bank of Tokyo Ltd. Standard Chartered Bank.
Banquc Nationale de Paris The Chase Manhattan Bank Ltd.
Barclays Bank Plc Dresdner Bank AG.
1) The RBI: The RBI is the supreme monetary and banking authority in the country and has the
responsibility to control the banking system in the country. It keeps the reserves of all
scheduled banks and hence is known as the “Reserve Bank”.
2) Public Sector Banks:
State Bank of India and its Associates (6)
Nationalized Banks (19)
Bharatiya Manilas Bank& IDBI Bank
Regional Rural Banks Sponsored by Public Sector Banks
5) Development Banks: Development Banks mostly provide long term finance for setting up
industries. They also provide short-term finance (for export and import activities)
Industrial Finance Co-operation of India (IFCI)
Industrial Development of India (IDBI)
Industrial Investment Bank of India (IIBI)
Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
Export-Import Bank of India.
Organizational Structure of Banks in India
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES OFFERED BY BANKS:
Broad Classification of Products in a bank:
The different products in a bank can be broadly classified into:
Retail Banking. Reserve Bank of India
Trade Finance.
Treasury Operations.
Commercial Banks Co-operative Banks Development Banks
Retail Banking and Trade finance operations are conducted at the branch level while the
wholesale banking operations, which cover treasury operations, are at the hand office or a
designated branch.
Retail Banking:
Deposits
Loans, Cash Credit and Overdraft
Negotiating for Loans and advances
Remittances
Book-Keeping (maintaining all accounting records)
CHAPTER 2
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research design and methodology is the conceptual structure and frame work with in which
Research is conducted. It constitutes the blue print for the collection, measurement and
analysis of data. Research design pertains to decisions regarding what, when and how much
to buy what concerning on inquiry or a research programme. According to “Kiplinger”
research design is the plan structure and strategy of investigation conceives so as to obtain
answer to research question and to control variances.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
To suggest the investors to make investment in good stocks using technical analysis.Stock
investment requires meticulous planning and careful evaluation of the underlying stock
before making investment. A statistical data in the recent past indicated that 95 per cent of the
investors in the stock markets are losers, since they undertake investment without any
information and without discipline.
It is much required for the investors to study the market and market related risk and to
understand market psychology so that they can make optimal decisions.
The objective of the study is to analyse , in detail movement of stock prices in banking sector
in India and to evaluate performance of different securities floated by the most preferred bank
in public and private sector.
ACHARYA BANGALORE B SCHOOL Page 22
A STUDY ON PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED BANKING STOCKS
The scope of the study is identified after and during the study is conducted. The project is
based on tools like technical analysis. Further, the study is based on information of last two
years.
To help the investor in making decisions based on report. Analysis of the shares of
companies.
Studying the stock price movement of the security market helps to identify trend reversals at
an earlier stage to formulate the buying and selling strategy.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Research design is the procedure of collecting, analyzing and interpreting the data to
diagnose the problem and react to the opportunity in such a way where the costs can be
minimized and the desired level of accuracy can be achieved to arrive at a particular
conclusion.
The sample of the stocks for the purpose of collecting secondary data has been selected on
the basis of convenient sampling. The stocks are chosen in an unbiased manner and each
stock is chosen independent of the other stocks chosen. The stocks are chosen from the
Banking sector.
The sample size for the number of stocks is four for technical analysis of stocks as technical
analysis requires detailed study. For these four stocks technical analysis is done.
The validity of any research is based on the systematic method of data collection and
analysis. Secondary data from website, newspapers are used for the present study. Analytical
research design has been used in this study.
Appropriate statistical tools have been made use of wherever necessary. The data was
collected from published sources and discussions held with officials of the SATCO
CAPITAL MARKET LTD
Primary Data
Primary sources of data are those sources in which data are collected through original
investigation. In other words, it is a process in which statistical data are collected first hand.
In my study this was collected through personal interview with designated officer and
manager of SATCO CAPITAL MARKET LTD
Secondary Data
Secondary sources of data are those in which the data is already collected and published are
assembled. The data so collected are called the secondary data. The task of gathering
secondary data is the task of compilation of data from various published sources.
This was collected through the,
a) Bank records.
b) Annual reports.
c) Text book.
d) Information from internet.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Cooter (1962) found that the stock prices move at random when studied at one week interval.
The data for his study was weekend prices of forty five stocks from New York stock
exchange .He tested randomness of share by means of a mean square successive difference
test. He concluded that there was not one random walk model. He concluded that the share
price trends could be predicted when studied at fourteen week interval.
Taylor and Allen (1992) conducted a survey on the use of technical analysis among chief
foreign exchange dealers in the London market in 1988. The results indicated that 64% of
respondents reported using moving averages and/or other trend-following systems and 40%
reported using other trading systems such as momentum indicators or oscillators.
Fernando Fernandez –Rodriguez, Simon Sosvilla –Rivero, Julian Andrada –Felix (1999)
assessed whether some simple forms of technical analysis can predict stock price movement
in the Madrid stock exchange, covering thirty-one-year period from Jan 1966–Oct 1997.the
results provide strong support for profitability of those technical trading rules. By making use
of bootstrap techniques the author shows the returns obtained from these trading rules are not
consistent with several null models frequently used in finance.
Cheung, Chinn, and Marsh (2000) surveyed the views of UK-based foreign exchange
Dealers on technical analysis in 1998 and found that 26% of the dealers responded that
technical trading is the most important factor that determines exchange rate movements over
the medium run.
Oberlechner (2001) reported findings from a survey on the importance of technical and
fundamental analysis among foreign exchange traders and financial journalists in Frankfurt,
London, Vienna, and Zurich in 1996. For foreign exchange traders, technical analysis seemed
to be a more important forecasting tool than fundamental analysis up to a 3- month
forecasting13 horizon, while for financial journalists it seemed to be more important up to 1-
month.
Cheung and Chinn (2001) published survey results for US-based foreign exchange traders
conducted in 1998. In the survey, about 30% of the traders indicated that technical trading
best describes their trading strategy. About 31% of the traders responded that technical
trading was the primary factor determining exchange rate movements up to 6 months.
Ravindra and Wang (2006) examine the relationship of trading volume to stock indices in
Asian markets. Stock market indices from six developing markets in Asia are analyzed over
the 34 month period ending in October 2005. In the South Korean market, the causality
extends from the stock indices to trading volume while the causality is the opposite in the
Taiwanese market.
R.Chitra (2011) has performed technical analysis of selected stocks of Energy sector and has
found that technical analysis is a useful tool for prediction of stock prices for a short term.
To start any business capital plays a major role. Capital can be acquired in two ways by
issuing shares or by taking debt from financial institutions or borrowing money from
financial institutions. The owners of the company have to pay regular interest and principal
amount at the end.
Stock is ownership in a company, with each share of stock representing a tiny piece of
ownership. The more shares you own, the more of the company you own. The more shares
you own, the more dividend you earn when the company makes profit. In the financial world,
ownership is called “Equity”.
CHAPTER SCHEME
Chapter 1 – Introduction
This chapter deals with theoretical overview of the financial evolution, Investment in
Banking Stock and about Banking sector
CHAPTER 3
COMPANY PROFILE
The word “Bank” has been originally derived from the Italian word „Blanco‟, meaning a
bench. In the olden days, money lenders used to exhibit the coins of different countries on a
separate bench and the business of exchanging the coins were carried on through those
money lenders, especially in Greece, Italy and England. The bank has also originated from
public for the purpose of financing the needy people. Even through banking as an
independent business originated during the fourteen century in England. The business of
existed in its most simple from in the ancient Babylonian, Egyptian and Jewish nations.
1. Commercial banks.
2. Development banks.
3. Co-operative banks.
4. Land development banks.
5. Investment banks.
6. Merchant banks.
7. Foreign banks.
8. Central bank.
BANK OF BARODA
Type Public
BSE: 532134
Traded as
NSE: BANKBARODA
CNX Nifty Constituent
Industry Banking, Financial services
52,021 (2016)
Capital ratio 13.17% (2016)
Website www.bankofbaroda.com
No of Shares
4% 3%
10%
12%
59%
12%
HONOURS
1. Best Public Sector Bank Award under the category of Global Business at the Dun &
Bradstreet Banking Awards 2015.
2. The Government of India awarded Bank with the 1st Prize in the Indira Gandhi
Rajbhasha Shield
3. Competition in Region 'B'. on Hindi Diwas 2014. Further, Bank was awarded first prize
for 'B' Region and second prizes for Region 'A' and 'B' by Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
under the RBI Rajbhasha Shield Competition.
4. BML Munjal award in Public Sector Category for Business Excellence Through Learning
& Development –2015.
5. Excellence in Banking (PSU Sector) at the 5th My FM Stars of the Industry Awards
recently held in Mumbai on 30.01.2015
6. National Prize – First Rank in Innovative Training Practices for the year 2014 from
Indian Society for Training and Development‖ (ISTD).
7. Golden Peacock National Training Award for the year 2014 under the aegis of Institute of
Directors, New Delhi.
8. Champion of Champions Award at the 54th annual ABCI Awards 2015, for 6 Categories-
Indian
11. Initiative; First Runner up in Training & Human Resources, E - learning Initiatives; First
Runner up in ―Best Use of Data.
12. Best Bank - Global Business Development (Public Sector) & Best Bank – Overall (Public
Sector) Award in Dun & Bradstreet – Polaris Financial Technology Banking Awards
2014.
13. Skoch Order of Merit in India‘s Best 2014 Financial Inclusion & Deepening Awards
2014.
14. ASSOCHAM Social Banking Excellence Award under Public Sector Banks category, in
recognition of the significant initiatives being undertaken by the Bank in social banking
sphere.
15. The Most Efficient Public Sector Bank‘ for the year 2014 by Dalal Street Investment
Journal in the Best PSU‘s of India Awards‘.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
1. Bank of Baroda acquired the semi naming rights of Sikanderpur Metro Station in
Gurugram. This is the first time that a public sector bank has bagged the naming right
of a metro station.
2. Bank of Baroda sealed a 3-year principal sponsorship contract with Olympics 2016
Women's badminton Silver medalist PVSindhu and India's No 1 ranked Men's
Badminton player K Srikanth.
3. Bank of Baroda became the first National Supporter (Indian sponsor) of the FIFA U-
17 World Cup India 2017, the first football World Cup to be hosted in India.
MERGER
On 17 September 2018, The Finance Ministry of the Government of India proposed to merge
the three three state run banks i.e. Vijaya Bank, Bank of Baroda and Dena Bank into a single
bank as an effort to consolidate the country's banking system. The amalgamated bank is to
become the third biggest bank in India with a total business of more
than ₹14,820,000,000,000 (US$ 210 billion). The boards of the three
banks are to meet to consider the proposal. The agenda behind the
merger of the banks is to lower Non-performing assets. The
Gross NPA OF the Bank of Baroda, Vijaya Bank and Dena Bank is 12.4%, 6.9% and 22%
respectively. The Dena Bank is currently operating under the Prompt Corrective Action
(PCA) framework due to non-performing loans
Traded as NSE: SBIN
BSE: 500112
LSE: SBID
BSE SENSEX Constituent
CNX Nifty Constituent
Industry Banking, financial services
Number of 24,000
locations
Website sbi.co.in
No of Shares
6% 3%0%
6%
23%
61%
In August 2017, the Lok Sabha passed the State Banks (Repeal and Amendment) Bill of 2017
to amend the State Bank of India (SBI) Act of 1955 to remove references related to
subsidiary banks.
After the acquisition of subsidiary banks by the SBI, subsidiary banks have ceased to exist.
Therefore, the government found it necessary to repeal the SBI (Subsidiary Banks) Act of
1959 and the State Bank of Hyderabad Act of 1956.
The government has also found it unnecessary to retain certain provisions in the SBI Act,
1955, which apply to subsidiary banks. These subsidiary banks — State Bank of Bikaner and
Jaipur, State Bank of Mysore, State Bank of Patiala, and State Bank of Travancore — were
constituted under the SBI (Subsidiary Banks) Act of 1959.
The State Bank of Hyderabad was originally constituted as Hyderabad State Bank under the
Hyderabad State Bank Act and renamed as the State Bank of Hyderabad under sub-section
(1) of Section 3 of the State Bank of Hyderabad Act of 1956.
To rationalise resources, reduce costs, improve profits, for lower cost of funds leading to
better rate of interest for the public, and to improve productivity and customer service, the
SBI, with the sanction of the Central government and in consultation with the Reserve Bank
of India (RBI), entered into negotiations with the State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur, the State
Bank of Mysore, the State Bank of Patiala, the State Bank of Travancore and the State Bank
of Hyderabad for acquiring their business, including assets and liabilities. The schemes
relating to such acquisitions were agreed upon by the Central Board of the SBI and the
respective boards of the subsidiary banks and approved by the RBI. In exercise of the powers
conferred by sub-section (2) of Section 35 of the SBI Act, 1955, the Central government
accorded its sanction.
Accordingly, the Central government issued the following orders, sanctioning the scheme of
acquisition: (a) the Acquisition of State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur Order, 2017; (b) the
Acquisition of State Bank of Mysore Order, 2017; (c) the Acquisition of State Bank of Patiala
Order, 2017; (d) the Acquisition of State Bank of Travancore Order, 2017; and (e) the
Acquisition of State Bank of Hyderabad Order, 2017. As per these, the business of these
subsidiary banks is to be carried out by the SBI in accordance with the SBI Act, 1955, with
effect from April 1, 2017.
SBI was ranked 232nd in the Fortune Global 500 rankings of the world's biggest
corporations for the year 2016.
SBI was 50th most trusted brand in
India as per the Brand Trust
Report 2013,[30] an annual study
conducted by Trust Research Advisory, a brand analytics company and subsequently, in
the Brand Trust Report 2014, SBI finished as India's 19th most trusted brand in India.
HDFC BANK
Type Public
Traded as BSE: 500180
NSE: HDFCBANK
NYSE: HDB
BSE SENSEX Constituent
CNX Nifty Constituent
Headquarters Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Aditya Puri
(Managing Director)[2] [3]
Products Credit cards, consumer banking, banking, finance and insurance, investment
banking, mortgage loans, private banking, private equity, wealth
management[4]
Website www.hdfcbank.com
No of Shares
9% 0%
11% 26%
11%
43%
ACQUISITIONS
HDFC Bank merged with Times Bank in February 2000. This was the first merger of two
private banks in the New Generation private sector banks category. In 2008, Centurion Bank
was acquired by HDFC Bank. HDFC Bank Board approved the acquisition of CBoP for 95.1
billion INR in one of the largest mergers in the financial sector in India.
ICICI BANK
Type Private
Traded as BSE: 532174
NSE: ICICIBANK
NYSE: IBN
BSE SENSEX Constituent
CNX Nifty Constituent
Industry Banking, Financial services
Headquarters Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Website www.icicibank.com
ACQUISITIONS
Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Goa, and Delhi. Its branches were relatively
evenly split between metropolitan areas and rural or semi-urban areas.
2010: The Bank of Rajasthan (BOR) was acquired by the ICICI Bank in 2010
for ₹ 30 billion. RBI was critical of BOR's promoters not reducing their holdings in the
company. BOR has since been merged with ICICI Bank.
2003
"The Asian Banker Excellence in Retail Financial Services Program" by The Asian
Banker.
2004
2006
2007
ICICI Bank has been conferred the Euromoney Award 2007 for the Best Bank in the
Asia-Pacific Region
ICICI Bank wins the Excellence in Remittance Business award by The Asian Banker
ICICI Bank was got the awards for 'Best Transaction Bank' in India, 'Best Domestic
Bank' in India, 'Best follow-on offering'(US$4.94 billion), 'Best Investment Grade
Bond'(US$2 billion, three-tranche bonds), Best Syndicated Loan Managers by Asset.
2009
ICICI Bank bags the "Best bank in SME financing (Private Sector)" at the Dun &
Bradstreet Banking awards
ICICI Bank won the Best Banking Security Systems Project Award and Best E-
Banking Project Implementation Award by The Asian Banker.
2010
ICICI Bank won the Best Banking Security System by The Asian Banker.
2011
ICICI Bank is the only Indian brand to figure in the BrandZ Top 100 Most Valuable
Global Brands Report, second year in a row
ICICI Bank won the 'Best CRM Project' and 'Best Banking Security Systems' by The
Asian Banker.
2012
2013
ICICI Bank has been adjudged winner at the Express IT Innovation Award under the
Large Enterprise category
ICICI Bank won the RMAI received the "Gram Samvad", Service for Low cost/Small
budget marketing initiative Award by Rural Marketing Association of India (RMAI).
ICICI bank won the 'Next Generation Banking solution' award by Celent.
ICICI bank won the Best Domestic Trade Finance Bank and Best Financial Supply
Chain Project Award in India by The Asian Banker
ICICI Bank won the honours of the Medici Innovation Hall of Fame Award, instituted
by The Medici Institute in collaboration with the Medici Group, USA.
2014
According to the Brand Trust Report 2014, ICICI Bank was ranked 28th among
India's most trusted brands, a research conducted by Trust Research Advisory.
ICICI Bank was ranked second at the 'National Energy Conservation Award 2014'
under the office buildings (less than 10 lakh kWh/year consumption) category.
ICICI Bank was fifth in the world and second in India on the 'Top Companies for
Leaders' in a study conducted by Aon Hewitt.
ICICI bank won the Best Private Sector Bank - Global Business Development
by Polaris Financial Technology Banking Awards 2014.
IDBRT awarded ICICI for 'Best Bank Award for Business Intelligence Initiatives
among Large Banks' and 'Best Bank Award for Social Media and Mobile Banking
Among Large Banks'. Companies in Corporate Governance in the 14th The Institute of
Company Secretaries of India National Awards for Corporate Governance. They were
honoured by Arun Jaitley.
ICICI Bank has been honoured as The Best Service Provider - Risk Management,
India at The Asset Triple A Transaction Banking, Treasury, Trade and Risk Management
Awards 2014.
ICICI Bank was awarded the 'Best Retail Bank in India', 'Best Microfinance Business'
and 'Best Retail Banking Branch Innovation' under the 'Excellence in Retail Financial
Services awards 2014' and Technology Implementation Award for Lending Platform
Implementation by The Asian Banker.
2015
ICICI Bank won an award in the BFSI Leadership Summit & Awards in the 'Best
Phone Banking for End-users' category
ICICI Bank won in six categories and was the first runner-up in one category among
Private Sector Banks at IBA Banking Technology Awards, 2015. The bank was declared
winner in the six categories of Best Technology Bank of the Year, Best use of Data, Best
Risk Management Initiatives, Best use of Technology in Training, Human Resources and
e-Learning initiatives, Best Financial Inclusion Initiative and Best use of Digital and
Channels Technology. ICICI Bank was the first runner-up in Best use of Technology to
Enhance Customer Experience[75]
ICICI Bank has been declared as the first runner up at Outlook Money Awards 2015
in the category of ‘Best Bank’
ICICI Bank has been adjudged the ‘Best Retail Bank in India’ by The Asian Banker.
It has also emerged winners in the categories of ‘Best Internet Banking Initiative’ and
‘Best Customer Risk Management Initiative’ awards given by The Asian Banker.[76]
‘Best Local Trade Finance Bank in India’ at Global Trade Review Asia Leaders in
Trade Awards 2015.
‘Best Foreign Exchange Bank’ in India, at Finance Asia’s 2015 Country Banking
Achievement Awards.
‘Best Private Sector Bank’ under ‘Global Business’ category at the Dun & Bradstreet
Banking Awards 2015.
‘Best Website Design’ in Asia-Pacific at Global Finance 2015 World’s Best Digital
Bank Awards.
Winner at the National Energy Conservation Awards 2015 under the ‘Office
Buildings’ category (energy consumption of over 1 million units per annum).
First among private sector banks in The Economic Times Brand Equity’s Most
Trusted Brands survey 2015.
Runner up in the categories of ‘Immediate Payment Service’, ‘Cheque Truncation
System’ and ‘National Financial Switch’ at the National Payments Excellence Awards
2015 organised by the National Payments Corporation of India. The Bank was also
felicitated with a special award for issuing the largest number of RuPay Platinum cards.
2016
‘Best Retail Bank in India’ at the Asian Banker International Excellence in Retail
Financial Services Awards 2016. ICICI Bank has won this award three years in a row.
Gold awards in the ‘Bank’ and ‘Credit card issuing Bank’ segments under Finance
category in the Reader’s Digest Trusted Brand 2016 Survey.
First in The Brand Trust Report, India Study 2016 by Trust Research Advisory under
the ‘Banking Financial Services and Insurance’ category.
Winner at the ‘Global Safety Awards 2016’ organised by the Energy and
Environment Foundation. This award is sponsored by Ministry of Petroleum & Natural
Gas and Ministry of Coal, Government of India.
VISION
To be the most preferred service provider for investors in the capital market & financial
products space, driving wealth creation & growth along with personalized attention.
MISSION
Providing the best wealth creation opportunities for our clients. And To achieve good
investment returns for both their shareholders & clients and also to increase the productivity
by diversifying their investments.
Equity Trading
Currency Trading
Derivatives Trading
Commodity Trading
Portfolio Management
Fixed Income Products (Bonds)
Mutual Funds
IPO
Insurance
BRANCHES
There are many branches of SATCO CAPITAL MARKET LTD. across India. Some of them
are as follows.
CHAIRMAN
MANAGING DIRECTOR
DIRECTOR
DIRECTOR
INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR
INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR
1. MR.S.T.GERELA (Chairman)
Held Senior Positions at Bombay Stock Exchange, SEBI and RBI. He has experience
of over 5 decades in the areas of banking, finance, risk management and supervision
over the markets. Worked in several Committees set up by Government, SEBI, CDSL
and BSE in capital market related areas. He has authored a book on "Working of the
Stock Exchange, Mumbai“. Visiting faculty member to various management and
training institutes of repute and delivers lectures on capital market related subjects.
to diversify, rationalize and globalize in all possible fields. Invention and innovation
while get the best out of resources to fulfill all the services this world needs. As
Entrepreneur has wide experience in the field of bullion and finance.
CHAPTER 4
Analysis and interpretation is the process of identifying the strength and weakness of a firm
by properly established relationship between two items, it is useful for decision making. The
analysis and interpretation of data is the most skilled task in research process.
MEANING OF ANALYSIS
Analysis is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts in order to
gain a better understanding of it. The technique has been applied in the study of mathematics
and logic since before Aristotle (384-322 B.C.), though analysis as a formal concept is a
relatively recent development.
MEANING OF INTERPRETATION
Interpretation refers to the comparison of various components and definite conclusions may
be drawn about the earning capacity, efficiency, profitability, liquidity, solvency and trend
compulsion is very much essential for interpretation.
The relative strength index (RSI) is a momentum indicator that measures the magnitude of
recent price changes to evaluate overbought or oversold conditions in the price of a stock or
other asset. The RSI is displayed as an oscillator (a line graph that moves between two
extremes) and can have a reading from 0 to 100. The indicator was originally developed by J.
Welles Wilder and introduced in his seminal 1978 book, "New Concepts in Technical
Trading Systems."
Traditional interpretation and usage of the RSI is that values of 70 or above indicate that a
security is becoming overbought or overvalued and may be primed for a trend reversal or
corrective pullback in price. An RSI reading of 30 or below indicates an oversold
or undervalued condition.
The rate of change - ROC - is the speed at which a variable changes over a specific period of
time. ROC is often used when speaking about momentum, and it can generally be expressed
as a ratio between a change in one variable relative to a corresponding change in another;
graphically, the rate of change is represented by the slope of a line. The ROC is often
illustrated by the Greek letter delta.
Rate of change is used to mathematically describe the percentage change in value over a
defined period of time, and it represents the momentum of a variable. The calculation for
ROC is simple in that it takes the current value of a stock or indexand divides it by the value
from an earlier period. Subtract one and multiply the resulting number by 100 to give it a
percentage representation.
GRAPH 4.1
1000
800
600
400
200
0
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Jan/1 Jan/1Feb/1Feb/1 ar/1 ar/1 pr/1 ay/1 ay/1 Jun/1 Jun/1/Jul/1 /Jul/1 ug/1Sep/1Sep/1 Oct/1 ov/1 ov/1Dec/1Dec/1
/ / M M A M M / / A / N N
01 17 04 / 20 / 11 / 27 / 16 / 07 / 23 / 10 26 14 31 19 / 05 / 23 / 14 03 / 21 / 09 / 26 /
Close Price SMA(30)
FIG 4.1
Interpretation -
The chart shows 30days moving average of Bank of Baroda Ltd. for a period of one year
from January 2018 till December 2018. The Chart shows that market is bullish trend and then
stabilizes only in the month of June. It is always good to sell when the SMA curve goes up
crossing the closing price and can buy when the closing price goes up crossing the SMA
curve. Sell at June and Buy at November.
GRAPH 4.2
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Jan/1 Jan/1 Feb/1 Feb/1 ar/1 ar/1 pr/1 ay/1 ay/1 Jun/1 Jun/1 /Jul/1 /Jul/1 ug/1 Sep/1 Sep/1 Oct/1 ov/1 ov/1 Dec/1 Dec/1
/ / M M A M M / / A / N N
01 17 04 / 20 / 11 / 27 / 16 / 07 / 23 / 10 26 14 31 19 / 05 / 23 / 14 03 / 21 / 09 / 26 /
FIG 4.2
Interpretation -
The chart shows the Relative Strength Index of Bank of Baroda Ltd. for a period of one year
from January 2018 till December 2018.The RSI indicates the buy and sell signal for the best
profitable investment and to minimize the loss. The buy signal is in the month of February
and October. The sell signal is in the month of March, May and November.
GRAPH 4.3
25
20
15
10
-5
-10
-15
-20
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Jan/1 Jan/1Feb/1Feb/1 ar/1 ar/1 pr/1 ay/1 ay/1 Jun/1 Jun/1/Jul/1 ug/1 ug/1Sep/1Sep/1 Oct/1 ov/1 ov/1Dec/1Dec/1
/ / M M A M M / / A A / N N
02 20 05 / 21 / 12 / 28 / 17 / 08 / 26 / 11 27 15 01 / 20 / 08 / 24 / 16 05 / 24 / 10 / 29 /
FIG 4.3
Interpretation
The chart shows 14 day Rate of Change in price of Bank of Baroda Ltd. during one year
period from January 2018 till December 2018. The Rate of Change helps in identifying the
overbought and over sold conditions during the period. The stock has reached overbought
condition during March and this has made the price to fall. The oversold condition was
realized during the month of February and this has made the price to rise.
GRAPH 4.4
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Jan/1 Jan/1Feb/1Feb/1 ar/1 ar /1 pr/1 ay/1 ay/1 Jun/1 Jun/1/Jul/1/Jul/1 ug/1Sep/1Sep/1 Oct/1 ov/1 ov/1Dec/1Dec/1
/ / M M A M M / / A / N N
01 17 04 / 20 / 11 / 27 / 16 / 07 / 23 / 10 26 14 31 19 / 05 / 23 / 14 03 / 21 / 09 / 26 /
FIG 4.4
Interpretation
The chart shows 30 day moving average of SBI limited for a period of one year from January
2018 to December 2018.The chart shows that the market are in increasing trend at the
beginning but from June the trend is flat and finally there is a sudden decline at the end of
November . It is always good to sell when the SMA curve goes up crossing the closing price
and can buy when the closing price goes up crossing the SMA curve. So it is good to buy in
the month of March.
GRAPH 4.5
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
/14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14
/Jan /Jan /Feb /Feb Mar Mar /Apr May May /Jun /Jun /Jul /Jul Aug /Sep /Sep /Oct Nov Nov /Dec /Dec
01 17 04 20 11 / 27 / 16 07 / 23 / 10 26 14 31 19 / 05 23 14 03 / 21 / 09 26
FIG 4.5
Interpretation
The chart shows the Relative Strength Index of State Bank of India for a period of
one year from January 2018 till December 2018.The RSI indicates the buy and sell
signal for the best profitable investment and to minimize the loss. The buy signal is
in the month of July and August. The sell signal is in the month of March, May and
November.
GRAPH 4.6
40
20
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Jan/1 Jan/1Feb/1Feb/1 ar/1 ar/1 pr/1 ay/1 ay/1 Jun/1 Jun/1/Jul/1 ug/1 ug/1Sep/1Sep/1 Oct/1 ov/1 ov/1Dec/1Dec/1
/ / M M A M M / / A A / N N
02 20 05 / 21 / 12 / 28 / 17 / 08 / 26 / 11 27 15 01 / 20 / 08 / 24 / 16 05 / 24 / 10 / 29 /
FIG 4.6
Interpretation
The chart shows 14 day Rate of Change in price of State Bank of India during one year
period from January 2018 till December 2018.The Rate of Change helps in identifying the
overbought and over sold conditions during the period. The stock has reached overbought
condition during May and this has made the price to fall. The oversold condition was realized
during December and this has made the price to raise.
GRAPH 4.7
1000
800
600
400
200
0
/14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14
/Jan /Jan /Feb /Feb Mar Mar /Apr May May /Jun /Jun /Jul /Jul Aug /Sep /Sep /Oct Nov Nov /Dec /Dec
01 17 04 20 11 / 27 / 16 07 / 23 / 10 26 14 31 19 / 05 23 14 03 / 21 / 09 26
FIG 4.7
Interpretation
The chart shows 30days moving average of HDFC Ltd. for a period of one year from January
2018 till December 2018. The chart shows that market is bullish for the entire year. It is
always good to sell when the SMA curve goes up crossing the closing price and can buy
when the closing price goes up crossing the SMA curve.
GRAPH 4.8
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
FIG 4.8
Interpretation
The chart shows the Relative Strength Index of HDFC Ltd. for a period of one year from
January 2018 till December 2018.The RSI indicates the buy and sell signal for the best
profitable investment and to minimize the loss. The buy signal is in the month of February
and April. The sell signal is in the month of March and May.
GRAPH 4.9
10
-5
-10
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Jan/1 Jan/1Feb/1Feb/1 ar/1 ar/1 pr/1 ay/1 ay/1 Jun/1 Jun/1/Jul/1 ug/1 ug/1Sep/1Sep/1 Oct/1 ov/1 ov/1Dec/1Dec/1
/ / M M A M M / / A A / N N
02 20 05 / 21 / 12 / 28 / 17 / 08 / 26 / 11 27 15 01 / 20 / 08 / 24 / 16 05 / 24 / 10 / 29 /
FIG 4.9
Interpretation
The chart shows 14 day Rate of Change in price of HDFC Bank Ltd. during one year period
from January 2018 till December 2018. The Rate of Change helps in identifying the
overbought and over sold conditions during the period. The stock has reached overbought
condition during March and May and this has made the price to fall. The oversold condition
was realized during February, August and December and this has made the price to rise.
GRAPH 4.9
FIG 4.9
Interpretation
The chart shows 30days moving average of ICICI Bank Ltd. for a period of one year from
January 2018 till December 2018. The chart shows that market is good since beginning and a
major decline is in the month of December. It is always good to sell when the SMA curve
goes up crossing the closing price.
GRAPH 4.10
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Jan/1 Jan/1Feb/1Feb/1 ar/1 ar /1 pr/1 ay/1 ay/1 Jun/1 Jun/1/Jul/1/Jul/1 ug/1Sep/1Sep/1 Oct/1 ov/1 ov/1Dec/1Dec/1
/ / M M A M M / / A / N N
01 17 04 / 20 / 11 / 27 / 16 / 07 / 23 / 10 26 14 31 19 / 05 / 23 / 14 03 / 21 / 09 / 26 /
FIG 4.10
Interpretation
The chart shows the Relative Strength Index of ICICI Bank Ltd. for a period of one year from
January 2018 till December 2018. The RSI indicates the buy and sell signal for the best
profitable investment and to minimize the loss. When the value is near 30 we can buy and
when the value is near 70 we can sell. The buy signal is in February and December. The sell
signal is in March, May and November.
GRAPH 4.11
20
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
/14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14 /14
/Jan /Jan /Feb /Feb Mar Mar /Apr May May /Jun /Jun /Jul Aug Aug /Sep /Sep /Oct Nov Nov /Dec /Dec
02 20 05 21 12 / 28 / 17 08 / 26 / 11 27 15 01 / 20 / 08 24 16 05 / 24 / 10 29
FIG 4.11
Interpretation
The chart shows 14 day Rate of Change in price of ICICI Bank Ltd. during one year period
from January 2018 till December 2018. The Rate of Change helps in identifying the
overbought and over sold conditions during the period. The stock has reached overbought
condition during March and this has made the price to fall. The oversold condition was
realized during December and this has made the price to rise.
CHAPTER 5
5.1 FINDINGS
TABLE 5.1.1
TABLE 5.1.2
TABLE 5.1.3
TABLE 5.1.4
SUGGESTIONS
Technical analysis will improve the investment decision. Technical analysis is simple and
more reliable .The investor should have the knowledge regarding the market terms. So that
they can take maximum return from maximum investment. In case a trader entering into the
new industry first he has to select stocks to buy in new industry after making careful study
prospects and charts of the stock.
After analyzing the past performance of selected stocks, it is found that the performance of
the stocks of Bank of Baroda can be bought because their market is in bullish trend and the
stocks of HDFC are in neutral condition and it is good to wait for the perfect market. The
stocks of SBI and ICICI are in increasing trend since beginning and there is a sudden down
trend at the end and it can be bought in the buy signal using the technical indicators.
The investors can take their investment decisions by considering the simple indicators. In
SMA, the investor can buy the stock when the closing price goes up crossing the SMA curve
and should sell when the SMA curve goes above the closing price. In RSI, the investor can
buy at the level of 30 and sell at the level of 70. These indicator can be followed for making a
profitable trade.
Investment Rules
5.2 CONCLUSION
Technical analysis is a technique which gives an idea about future share prices of selected
companies in which we invest. On the basis of the knowledge of technical analysis one can
ACHARYA BANGALORE B SCHOOL Page 68
A STUDY ON PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED BANKING STOCKS
make the perfect investment decision of the stock market. By using the technical indicators
the future market of securities would be known in which to invest. The more accurate
prediction of stock prices of selected companies the investor to carry out fundamental
analysis of stock prices, they can predict of future trend of stock prices.
On the basis of prediction of four companies different pattern of stock prices of these
companies give an idea of future trend of these companies could be analyzed with the right
technical analysis tools, technical analysis of utmost importance to predict trend of short and
medium term price movement and help the investors to select the right plan and decisions to
invest in the remunerative stocks.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books
Prasanna Chandra-Investment analysis and Portfolio Management-McGraw Hill.
Punithavathy Pandian-Security Analysis and Portfolio Management-Vikas Publishing
House.
V.A. Avadhani-Security Analysis and Portfolio Management-Himalaya Publishing
House.
Sudhindra Bhat-Security Analysis and Portfolio Management-Excel Books.
I M Pandey-Financial Management-Vikas Publishing House.
Websites
www.in.yahoo.finance.com.
www.indianstockcharts.com.
www.moneycontrol.com.
www.investopedia.com.
www.nseindia.com.
www.bseindia.com.
ANNEXURES
The calculation of simple moving average, Relative strength index and Rate of change is
done for two years it is shown here