Diseases and disorders

of the cardiovascular
system
Porpia, Li-ing 1207
Arrhythmia
➢ Irregular heartbeat
➢ Symptom
○ Some patients have no symptom
○ Depends on type of arrhythmia
■ tachycardia, when the heart beats too fast
● breathlessness (dyspnea)
● dizziness
■ bradycardia, when the heart beats too slowly
● angina (chest pain)
● trouble concentrating
■ premature ventricular contractions, or additional, abnormal beats
■ fibrillation, when the heartbeat is irregular
● angina (chest pain)
● breathlessness (dyspnea)
➢ Cause: interruption to the electrical impulses
○ Factors that cause arrhythmia: alcohol abuse, diabetes, drug abuse, excessive coffee consumption, etc.
Mitral regurgitation/ mitral insufficiency
- The mitral valve in the heart does not close tightly enough, which allows blood to flow back

- Result: blood cannot move through the heart and body efficiently.

- Effect to people: feel tired and out of breath.

 Congenital heart disease
= a heart disorder that have been present since birth.

Examples include:

● Septal defects: There is a hole between the two chambers of the heart.

=> poor eating, breathlessness and easy tiring.

● Obstruction defects: Narrow veins, valves and arteries --> the flow of blood through various chambers of the
heart is partially or totally blocked

=> Rapid breathing, poor weight gain and feeling tired

● Cyanotic heart disease: A defect in the heart causes a shortage of oxygen around the body.