WIRELESS SYSTEM FOR VEHICLE
ACCIDENT DETECTION AND SMART
RESCUE SYSTEM
Abstract – As travelling is a necessity for humans in order
to meet their requirements but now it has turned to be
dangerous. Accident threatens human lives and road
accidents are increasing day by day. Victims mostly lose
their lives due to delay in arrival of emergency medical
services. Proper information of accident detection should
be acknowledged by the family members and alerting the
surrounding areas. In this paper, an efficient wireless
system is incorporated with MEMS accelerometer and
implemented for vehicle accident detection and a smart
rescue system is employed using GPS and GSM. MEMS
accelerometer sensor is used in tilt sensing of vehicle
resulting from motion or shock. If any accident is
detected by accelerometer, it sends an automated message
to the programmed mobile numbers like the EMS, family
members and immediate action can be taken by the police
via GSM module.
Keywords: Accident detection, Wireless system,
MEMS Accelerometer, Arduino, GPS device, GSM
module
I. INTRODUCTION
In this modern world as the population has
reached to 753.04 crores, the number of accidents is
on high due to increase in number of vehicles. Well,
this might lead to traffic jams, pollution and other
problems. But the major thing is that people are
highly prone to accidents due to the over speeding of
vehicles and reaching out to the maximum speed
where one should never do it. This may lead to lose a
life and put other passengers in danger. Now-a-days,
accidents occur on roads and highways, due to more
number of vehicle drivers driving beyond speed
limits, drunk driving, riding without helmet, and
taking up a phone call while driving. So attention
must be given to road safety which is an issue. When
an accident has occurred, the most important thing is
to pass information of occurrence of accident. Many
people lost their lives due to improper facility of
medical services. In this paper we incorporated a
MEMS accelerometer for vehicle accident detection
and developed a wireless system for smart rescue
operation using GPS/GSM.
The MEMS accelerometer identifies any tilt or
vibration of the vehicle and communicates with a
controller and an automated is sent to the family
members via wireless system. This automated
message contains the location or the co-ordinates of
the vehicle accident area and immediately we can
track down the vehicle via google maps. Also,
immediate medical services can be employed and
prevent the victim by fatal death. This entire system
is controlled by Arduino which controls all the
activities in the system. The IR sensors are used to
monitor the obstacles continuously.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
To protect people from accidents and to keep
continuous tracking of vehicle, so many technologies
are available now-a-days. In olden days, the
technology is not that improvised as today and
accident area cannot be identified, only the
information of accident is transferred.
 In any vehicle airbags are designed and are
used for secure and safe travel [2]. The air
bag system was introduced in the year 1968.
 TPMS is system designed to control the
pressure inside the pneumatic tires on
vehicles that provides different operating
conditions such as a lower tire pressure is
desired in order to maximize traction,
maneuvering through challenging terrain,
pulling a heavy load out of an incline at
slow speeds, crawling out of soft dirt. The
pressure ranges from 15 to 45 PSI.
 The other existing system uses IOT and
cloud computing system. The vehicle
detection id is obtained through SVM
(support vehicle machine) that is developed
 by Ant Colony Algorithm (ACA). Here IOT
will monitor the vehicles using magneto
resist sensors. The main aim of this project
is to differentiate the accidents which took
place in traffic and at no traffic place.
 Existing system also provides the location
of the accident using Atmega 328
Microcontroller and RF transmitter and
receiver. The information is send to the
saved mobile numbers [3].
III. PROPOSED SYSTEM
The Hardware framework for vehicle accident
detection and smart rescue system is shown in fig 1.
The hardware consists of Arduino, MEMS
accelerometer, GSM module, GPS module, IR
sensor, buzzer, LCD display.
Fig 1. Basic Block Diagram
I. ARDUINO
The Arduino UNO is a widely used open-
source microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328P microcontroller and developed by
Arduino.cc. The arduino is the major control unit to
detect or alert when an accident occurs. It collects the
data from MEMS accelerometer, GPS and GSM
modules and reflects the output either in display
system or through a message. Here accelerometer
sensor plays a major role. This accelerometer will
detect tilt in the vehicle which in turn acts as a
accident detection module. Arduino gathers the
information from all other modules and sends the
message to the receiver through GSM module.
II.MEMS ACCELEROMETER
An accelerometer is electromechanical
device that measure acceleration forces. These forces
may be static, like the constant force of gravity
pulling at our feet, or they could be dynamic-caused
by moving or vibrating the accelerometer.
Accelerometers are sensor or transducers that
generally measures acceleration forces applied to
body by being mounted directly on to a surface of the
accelerated body. Accelerometer in terms of ‘g’ (‘g’
is acceleration measurement for gravity which is
equal to 9.81 m/s2). It is useful in detecting motion of
the object. The MMA7361L is 3-axis accelerometer.
It is low profile capacitive MEMS sensor featuring
low pass filter, temperature compensation and g-
Select which allows for the selection among two
sensitivities (1.5g / 6g). MMA7361L mostly used for
free fall detection, car crashes detection, tilt and
motion sensing, text scroll, image stability etc.
III. GSM MODULE
To find the location on the earth the whole is
divided into some coordinates where the location can
be easily captured by a module called GPS module.
Here the GPS used is SIM28ML. This GPS module
will find the location of the vehicle and the
information fetched by the GPS receiver is received
through the coordinates and the received data is first
send to arduino and the information is transmitted to
the saved contact through GSM module. The
frequency is operated in the range of 1575.42 MHz
and the output of GPS module is in NMEA format
which includes data like location in real time.
IV. GPS MODULE
To find the location on the earth the whole is divided
into some coordinates where the location can be
easily captured by a module called GPS module.
Here the GPS used is SIM28ML. This GPS module
will find the location of the vehicle and the
information fetched by the GPS receiver is received
through the coordinates and the received data is first
send to arduino and the information is transmitted to
the saved contact through GSM module. The
frequency is operated in the range of 1575.42 MHz
and the output of GPS module is in NMEA format
which includes data like location in real time.

V. IR SENSORS
Fig 3. LCD command
An infrared sensor is an electronic device
B. Registration of Mobile Numbers
that emits in order to sense some aspects of the
surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of Here, messages are sent to a specified number which
an object as well as detects the motion. These types is stored in the GSM sim slot. We can register the
of sensors measure only infrared radiation, rather EMS (emergency medical service) number, family
than emitting it that is called a passive IR sensor. members and police number. Thus we can able to
Usually, in the infrared spectrum, all the objects register these three numbers and can get the accident
radiate some form of thermal radiation. These types information on-time. The output on LCD screen of
of radiations are invisible to our eyes that can be registering numbers is obtained. This can be shown in
detected by an infrared sensor. The emitter is simply below fig 4 and fig 5.
an IR LED (Light Emitting Diode) and the detector is
simply an IR photodiode that is sensitive to IR light of
the same wavelength as that emitted by the IR LED.
When IR light falls on the photodiode, the
resistances and the output voltages will change in
proportion to the magnitude of the IR light received.
An infrared sensor emits and/or detects infrared
radiation to sense its surroundings.

VI. LCD MODULE

To display the numbers, alphabets and

special characters an LCD module with 16x2
alphanumeric types is used. Using the higher bit data
lines of LCD pins such as pin 11,12,13 and 14 are
interfaced to digital pins of Arduino such as pin
8,9,10 in 4 bit mode as shown in the below figure. RS
and E pins of LCD are connected to pin 12 and 13. Fig 4. Registration of Mobile Numbers
To perform the write operation on LCD the
read/write pin is connected to ground.

IV EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

A. Intialising the setup (Reset)

The arduino is first reset and the registration of
mobile numbers of LCD display is shown in below
fig 2 and fig 3.
Fig 2. Initial LCD command on Reset
Fig 5. Output on LCD screen
C. Accident Detection
Under this condition there will be output from the
accelerometer sensor and due to these conditions the
microcontroller will send the message of location of
vehicle. The location co-ordinates are obtained by
GPS. The messages are sent to the registered mobile
numbers which is incorporated in the program. The V. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
output results are shown in fig 6.

Fig 6. Accident Detection

D. Location tracing through Google Maps

Here the link of the co-ordinates received can be

clearly viewed through google maps. This is shown
in fig 7.

VI CONCLUSION

The proposed system deals with the vehicle

accident detection and rescue system. Arduino is the
heart of the system which helps in transferring the
messages to different devices in the system. MEMS
sensor will be activated when the accident occurs and
the information is transferred to the registered
number through GSM module. Using GPS the
Fig 7. Obtaining the accident location through
location can be sent through tracking system to cover
Google Maps
the geographical coordinates over the area. The
accident can be detected by a MEMS sensor which is
used as major module in the system and continuous
monitoring of obstacles is done.
 VII FUTURE WORK

The real time wireless vehicle accident

detection and smart rescue system, that employs a
digital eye blink sensor, where digital eye blink
sensor which suites well for real time monitoring of
driver to prevent accident of vehicles. The eye-blink
sensor works by illuminating the eye and eyelid area
with infrared light. The exact functionality depends
greatly on the positioning and aiming of the emitter
and detector with respect to the eye.

REFERENCES

[1] World Health Organization Road Traffic

Injuries Fact Sheet No 358, March 2013,
Available from
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/f
s358/en/ [Last accessed on 2017 Dec 16]
[2] National statistics of road traffic accidents in
India, September 2013, Available from
http://www.jotr.in/article.asp?issn=0975-
7341;year=2013;volume=6;issue=1;spage=1
;epage=6;aulast= Ruikar /[Last accessed on
2017 Dec 16]
[3] “Vehicle Accident Detection And Reporting
System Using Gps And Gsm.” by
AboliRavindraWakure,
ApurvaRajendraPatkar, IJERGS April 2014.
[4] Accident Detection and Reporting System
using GPS,GPRS and GSM Technology by
Md. Syedul Amin, Jubayer Jalil & M. B. I.
Reaz in 978-1-4673-1154-0/12/$31.00
©2012 IEEE ICIEV 2012. 2
[5] PIC Microcontroller and embedded system
by Muhammad Ali mazidi, rolinmckingly
and from www.microchip.com
[6] GSM system for mobile communication by
Michael Mouly, Marie Bernadette Paulet.
[7] Introduction to GPS by means of Ahmed El
Rabbany.