An accurate

student guide

CHAPTER 11 :-
DATA BASE MANAGEMENT
sYSTEM
BASIC RULES OF DESIGN

Y
Written by Moosa Naseer (It)
What is database ?
It is a discrete set or collection of facts and figures that can be
processed for production of usable information.
What is DBMS ?
It is an organized platform that stores data in such a way that it
becomes easier to revive, manipulate and produce information.
Basic Database properties :-
a. Data should be arranged in a tabular form as it can give
visible response of each variable.
b. Database should have proper domain values. For example,
LMS UET should have student related information not
about book selling or buying.
c. To use same variable with respect to different link chains,
separate tables should be used. Foe example, you want to
enter purchase item price but you also want to give it a bar
code mark. So, separate tables should be used.

Major problems that occur in managing database

and their solution :-
Main Problems includes :-
Data entry Problems :-
When you enter data in your
DBMS, sometimes it becomes difficult to manage it.
Therefore, following entry validation rules should be assigned :-
1. Data type
2. Range and constraint validation
3. Resolvable domain should be used (etc. you are using online or side by online
resources )
4. Structure Validation to avoid conflicts (etc. Proper combination of co-related
variables )

If there is any entry problem, following validation methods should be

applied in DBMS :-

1. Allowing of character check

2. Cardinality check ( etc. It checks that your record has valid number of
related records or not )
3. Type / Length checks
4. Consistency check in some specific consumer requirement
5. Total control function ( etc, If you change payment of a book, it should be
applied to whole database )
6. Input logic check may be
7. Grammer check
8. Uniqueness check ( whether input value is already assigned or not )

Query action should also be used :-

a. Enforcement action
b. Adversible action

Data update problems :-

3 basic rules should be aqquired to prevent any stress regarding update
:-
1. Most important point is that if you update any value , it should be
assisted by a formula or function y=f(x), so that ,
all values depending upon updated variable are equally affected by
the change it produces.
 2. For effective value update, there must be no duplicate of it in both
association and numeric or string value. It will disturb the whole
system.
3. There must be a backup of updated variable to measure the
difference the update causes in the system and to check desired
result.
Data Secuirty problems :-
Think if you have a very important data in your DBMS, but you
have an enemy who wants to steal or destroy it. Surely, you will be more stressed
about your security more than other issues. Secuirty issues are maybe triggered by
viruses, malwares, spy or Trojans action. DBMS in itself could not provide a solid
foundation towards security in many aspects.
Solution :-
A external security service or an utility software should be managed to
protect your DBMS from hijacking or infections or SQL disastors.
AVG, Avast , Bitdefender and Kaspersky have the best controls for database
security management.
Data integrity issues:-
Integrity, in my opinion, means many words but one sentence in
technology purpose. On the other hand, data integrity means the cooperation of all
variables with each other to ensure accurate data assessment work.
It should be assisted by two basic approach rules as defined in class lecture :-
1. Correctness of data values stored in variables block in all specific
conjugated fields.
2. Data values should be consistent to prevent contentions.
For example , you use same variable with two different names but
same values stored.
Data access issues :-
Most important term used in both designer and consumer access is
efficiency of data access. In my views, DBMS should be designed in such a way
that it could be accessed from any operating system for easiness.
Second, data could be processed, updated, have modification ability and storage
ability to ensure pure assessment.
DBMS Interface Design :-
It is a bread and butter of DBMS in my viewpoint and
should be defined here. Imagine if you have made a brilliant recipie but did not
present it in better way like big resturants, it will not be valued costly.
Interface should have following characteristics :-
1. Flexible
2. Attractive
3. Consumer desired functionalities are must, otherwise ,
he would be drear of it.
4. Basic commands should be in front window.
5. No, complex JAVA Or NT basic or RET programming
languages should be visible. As, it would confuse the
beginner or operator.

Email :- moosanaseer949@gmail.com