HYPERTHERMIA

By:

NURDIN SAPUTRA

0433131420118117

BACHELOR OF NURSING STUDY PROGRAM

STIKES KHARISMA KARAWANG
2019/2020
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all. I'd like to introduce myself. My name's Nurdin Saputra Please call me Ali I'm from
Karawang. Then, I'd like to thank ALLAH SWT who has given health and long life. Next, I also would
like to express my gratitude to Ms Uun Nurjanah S.M.kep The Director of STIKes Kharisma Karawang
who has given opportunity to study here. My gratitude also goes to my English teacher, Ms Dea Agustina
for her guidance and help in making some corrections. And then I'd like to convery my gratitude to the
examiner who has given me time to deliver a presentation about HYPERTHERMIA

I've divided my presentation into five sections. First, I'm going to start by telling the background of
the promblem. Second, I'll turn to the definition and symptoms. Then, I'll concern on the aspects can
couse HYPERTERMIA After that, I'll move on to the medical treatments. Finally, I'll discuss about the
preventions.

If you have any questions, I'll do my best to answer them at the end.

HYPERTHERMIA
 By

NURDIN SAPUTRA

1.INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background

Like many other biological functions, human body temperature shows circadian rhythms. Regarding
"normal" boundaries, there are several opinions. Generally it ranges from 36.10C or lower in the early
morning hours to 37.40C in the afternoon.

The maximum normal temperature (oral) at 06.00 is 37.20 C and the maximum normal temperature
at 16.00 is 37.70 C. Thus, body temperature> 37.20 C in the morning and> 37.70 C in the afternoon is
called fever (Gelfand, et al, 1998; Andreoli, et al, 1993; Lardo, 1999). On the contrary Bennet & Plum
(1996) said, fever (hypertension) when the temperature> 37.2 0 C. Body temperature can be measured
through rectal, oral or axillary, with a difference of approximately 0.5-0.60 C, and rectal temperature is
usually higher

The pre-optic nucleus in the anterior hypothalamus functions as a temperature control center and
works to maintain body temperature at a predetermined value, called the hypothalamus thermal set point
(Busto, et al, 1987; Lukmanto, 1990; Lardo, 1999). can occur abnormally in the form of hyperthermia and
fever. In hyperthermia, the temperature regulation mechanism fails, so heat production exceeds heat
dissipation.

2.DEFINITION AND SYMPTOMS

2.1. Definition

Hyperthermia is high body temperature and is not caused by the hypothalamic heat regulation
mechanism

Hyperthermia is an increase in body temperature above the hypothalamic setting point when the
heat dissipation mechanism is disrupted (by drugs or disease) or influenced by external (environmental)
or internal (metabolic) heat

Hyperthermia is a condition in which an individual experiences or is at risk of continually

increasing body temperature to 37.8oc peroral or 38.8oc per-rectal, due to an increase in external factors.

2.2. The Symptoms

 Hypertemia is divided into several stages. Therefore, the symptoms of hyperthermia will vary
according to the stage experienced.

 Heat stress

Heat stress occurs when body temperature starts to rise, but then the body temperature cannot go
down again when you start sweating. This stage can progress to a more serious stage. At this stage, in
addition to experiencing uncomfortable hot flashes, you can also experience other symptoms, such as
dizziness or headaches, not feeling energetic or weak, nausea, and feeling thirsty.

 Heat fatigue

Heat fatigue is the stage when you are exposed to heat for so long and experience discomfort both
physically and psychologically. The symptoms that will be experienced at this stage are the same as the
heat stress stage, but at this stage you might also have difficulty concentrating and controlling your body.
this condition is especially often experienced by people who are not accustomed to being in very hot
weather or working in a hot environment.

 Heat Cramps

Heat cramps or cramps generally occur due to intense activity or exercise in hot weather or
environment, and usually as a result of electrolyte imbalance in the body. This can cause cramps in the
abdominal area muscles, hand muscles, and leg muscles.

 Heat Edema

Heat edema can occur when you stand or sit for too long in a moderately hot environment and are
not accustomed to being in hot weather. This can cause swelling of the hands, feet, and ankles.

 Heat Rash

Heat rash often occurs if you move for a long period of time in a hot environment. This is marked by
the appearance of small red spots on the skin that look like pimples. These spots can usually arise when
you are still wearing your clothes that are wet from sweating and continue to work under hot weather for
a long time.

 Heat Syncope

Syncope or what is known as fainting can occur when blood pressure decreases and blood flow to
the brain also decreases. This can happen if you are active in hot weather for a long period of time.
Fainting is often preceded by dizziness or a head that feels very light like fainting. However, it can be
prevented when you start feeling dizzy by raising your legs higher so that blood flow to the brain will
slowly recover.

 Heat Exhaustion
 Heat exhaustion is a serious stage of hyperthermia. This can happen when your body is no longer
able to reduce the rising body temperature in you. In this stage, in addition to sweating a lot, you can also
experience symptoms such as dizziness, weakness, feeling thirsty, skin that is cold and moist, unable to
control the body (interference in body coordination) or concentration, and the pulse begins to increase.
Heat exhaustion is the last stage before heat stroke.

 Heat stroke

Heat stroke can occur if the heat exhaustion stage is not handled properly. This stage is a stage that
can be life threatening and can lead to dangerous complications; especially in children, people with
weakened immune systems, and the elderly (over 65 years). Heat stroke occurs when body temperature
reaches above 40 ° C, and is characterized by fainting as an initial symptom.

3.ASPECTS THAT CAN CAUSE HYPERTHERMIA

3.1. Aspects Can Cause Hyperthermia

Hyperthermia occurs when the body is exposed to heat for long periods of time so that the body
temperature rises. These conditions occur because of the failure of the body's heat regulation system in
adapting to heat coming from the environment.

The body has various ways to reduce excessive body temperature such as sweating and increase
blood flow to the skin surface. However, if the outside environment is warmer or hotter than the
temperature inside the body, then the outside air is too warm and humid to receive heat from the skin and
evaporation from sweat, making it harder for the body to lower temperature and release body heat.

Increasing body temperature, the humidity and fluid in the body will be reduced so that it can have
an impact on decreasing blood pressure and perspiration as a means of body conditioning also decreases.

The risk of hyperthermia can be exacerbated by general bodily health, especially in the elderly and in
unhealthy lifestyles of individuals, such as lack of water consumption or a living environment with poor
air circulation.

4.THE MEDICAL TREATMENTS

4.1. The Medical Treatmenst

To overcome hyperthermia, several ways can be done, such as:

  Consuming cold water or electrolyte drinks to replace lost body fluids
 Loosen clothes or take off excessive clothing
 Take a shower or soak in cold water
 Put your wrist under cold running water for 60 seconds
 Lying down while trying to relax and not continue activities until the symptoms disappear
 Do cold water compresses on the forehead, neck, under the arms, and on the groin
 Using a fan to cool the skin

If the patient is conscious and can swallow safely, consumption of fluids through water and fruit and
vegetable juices can help. Avoid consumption of drinks that contain alcohol and caffeine or coffee

If you have a heat stroke, do not consume any fluids unless the patient is fully conscious and should
contact your doctor directly for more serious treatment.

5. THE PREVENTIONS

5.1. The Preventions

Hyperthermia can be prevented in several ways, namely:

 Avoid direct activities without headgear under the hot sun when the weather is hot.
 Use clothes that are loose, lightweight, and not thick or multi-layered when you have to move in
a hot environment.
 Use additional protection, such as a wide hat or umbrella.
 Drink plenty of water on all occasions. Especially when the weather is hot.
 Do not leave children in closed cars in open spaces or parking lots.
 Take shelter immediately and enter a room with air conditioner or with good air circulation,
when you begin to feel weak or have a headache.

6. CONCLUSION

Hyperthermia is high body temperature and is not caused by the hypothamic heat regulation mechanim
hyperthermia occurs when the body is exposed to heat for long periods of time so that the body
temperature rises.

Hyperthermia is divided into several stages and the symtoms will vary according to the srage
experencienced, such as, consuming cold water or electrolyte drinks to replace lost body fluids, put the
wrist under take a shower or soak in cold water, using a fan to cool the skin