PROJECT DOCUMENTATION

Project Title :-
Star Network Topology
Members :-
1)Nawaz Rathore
2)Faizan Khan (BSCS-052)
3)Abdual Qadir Butt

Prefrence
It implies that the data are stored in one or more servers in the network and that there is some
software locking mechanism that prevents the same set of data from being changed by two
people at the same time.
A Computer network is a number if computers interconnected by one or more transmission
paths. The transmission path often is the telephone line, due to its convenience and universal
preserve
The effectiveness of a data communication system depends on three characteristics.
1. Delivery: The system must deliver data to the correct destination.
2. Accuracy: The system must deliver data accurately.
3. Timeliness: The system must deliver data in a timely manner.
Give components of data communication.
1. Message – the message is the information to be communicated.
2. Sender – the sender is the device that sends the data message.
3. Receiver – the receiver is the device that receive the message.
4. Medium – the transmission medium is the physical path by which a message travels from
sender to receiver.

Star Network Topology

Star is a basic computer network topology in which all nodes (computers and peripheral
devices) of the network are connected to the central hub or switch with a point-to-point
connection forming a physical network segment. Such network segment can function separately
or as a part of complex network topology. The switch is a server, the peripherals are the clients
The large workload and functions of network management are entrusted on the central
computer,all information exchange goes through it, so it must to be obligatory the most
powerful.The star network topology is a simple topology for design and implementation. Its
advantages are high performance,flexible administration capabilities, simplicity of adding
additional nodes and search of faults, the fact that a failure of one workstation doesn't affect
the work of entire network. But the failure of central hub will result the failure of whole
network or network segment - it's the main disadvantage. Use the Concept Draw PRO with
Computer and Networks solution to designing Star Network Topology Diagrams fast and easy.

The star topology reduces the damage caused by line failure by connecting all of the systems to
a central node.When applied to a bus-based network, this central hub rebroadcasts all
transmissions received from any peripheral node to all peripheral nodes on the network,
sometimes including the originating node. All peripheral nodes may thus communicate with all
others by transmitting to, and receiving from, the central node only. The failure of a
transmission line linking any peripheral node to the central node will result in the isolation of
that peripheral node from all others, but the rest of the systems will be unaffected.It is also
designed with each node (file servers, workstations, and peripherals) connected directly to a
central network hub, switch, or concentrator.Data on a star network passes through the hub,
switch, or concentrator before continuing to its destination. The hub, switch, or concentrator
manages and controls all functions of the network. It also acts as a repeater for the data flow.
This configuration is common with twisted pair cable. However, it can also be used with coaxial
cable or optical fibre cable.

Star Network Topology Diagram

Star networks are well known for their nodes being located in a shape of a star. There are one of
the most commonly used computer network topologies – star network topologies. The way
such networks look reminds of a star as there is a central node which is illustrated in the very
middle of the network schematics and from this central hub there are other nodes all around
this hub connected to it. The central hub is there to transmit the messages to the other nodes
and it is the server itself when the peripheral nodes are the clients.
Having such hub as well as the leaf nodes which are connected to it all together with the
transmission lines between all of them, you can illustrate all that in a way of a network topology
which will be called the start network topology diagram. In this diagram of a star form everyone
can clearly see both the central hub, the nodes and the lines which connect these nodes to the
middle where the hub is. The data is meant to be going through the hub, or the switch (also
known as concentrator), before it can finish its way until it gets to its destination.
The main function of the hub is to control and message all of the functions of the network. It
can also be in charge for repeating the data flow. Such configuration can be made with use of
the twisted pair cable as well as the optical fibre cable. A coaxial cable can also be used.

The reason of using the star topology is to reduce the impact of a failure for a line in a way of
connecting all existing systems to one central node or hub. All of the peripheral, but central,
nodes can be connected with each other only through the very central node which is the hub in
the middle of the star topology drawing. They all transmit and receive data only in a way of
using the central node, there is no other way of their communication.

In case there is a failure of a transmission line which links any of the peripheral nodes to the
very central node, it will lead to a result of the isolation of that peripheral node from all other
nodes. In this case all of the rest of the systems will not be affected.

If you work in IT or you, for some reason, want to illustrate the way star network topology looks
like and you want to make this drawing look truly professional, then you might spend long hours
trying to create it yourself. Although, there exists another option. If you find the right software
to be able to use it in order to create such great looking, smart, professional star network
topology diagram, then it can be much simpler to finish with your drawing and so quicker.

We always recommend to use only the best software possible which is ConceptDraw PRO. This
software is a very special one and only the reason it was developed by the IT specialists from CS
Odessa with experience in drawing charts, flowcharts, diagrams and schemes makes it so
special. This application allows ConceptDraw PRO users to choose any of the available solutions
full of stencil libraries with proper design elements as well as pre-made examples and templates
of so many graphs, charts, plans, schemes, flowcharts and diagrams created by the team of CS
Odessa IT specialists.

Having all of the options to use, including different solutions where you can always find the
necessary tools, such as the design elements to use for your own great looking drawings or the
existing examples as well as templates and layouts of the previously made drawings which you
can always use as drafts for your own drawings, is always very beneficial.

In case you decide to get one of the solutions after downloading ConceptDraw PRO, you can
always download them either rom the ConceptDraw STORE (which is another product of CS
Odessa), or this site. Each of the solutions provide at least one library with the stencils that can
be used for making so many different charts, plans, schemes, flowcharts and diagrams,
including the star network topology ones.

Having them means having pretty much everything you need to make it happen – to make a
smart looking star network topology diagram from a scratch using Computer and Networks
solution from Computer and Networks area of ConceptDraw Solution Park which provides
examples, templates and vector stencils library with symbols of local area network (LAN) and
wireless LAN (WLAN) equipment.

You can always use it to draw the physical and logical network topology diagrams for wired and
wireless computer communication networks, including the extended star and the distributed
star.
Extended star is a type of network topology, where a network, based upon the physical star
topology, has one or more repeaters between the central node which also can be called the
“hub” of the “star”. In this network topology the peripheral or so called “spoke” nodes, the
repeaters, are being used for extending the maximum transmission distance of the point-to-
point links between the central node and the peripheral nodes. In case these repeaters are
replaced with hubs or switches, then so called hybrid network topology is created.

Distributed Star is a commonly used type of network topology that has individual networks
based on the physical star topology and connected in a linear fashion with no central or top
level connection point.

Pic. 1. Star Network Topology

But no matter which of this types of the computer network topology diagrams you want to
create, you can always do it within only a couple of hours or even minutes, depending on your
general experience of using ConceptDraw PRO software. Download it today in case you still do
not have this unique and very convenient application and use it for making your own diagrams,
great looking plans, schemes, charts and flowcharts.

Pic. 2. Star Network Topology Diagram

Once you try and succeed in creating something special and professionally looking, then we
doubt that you will stop using this unique software, but will recommend to those who do not
have it yet and so somebody else will have a change to get this application and so simplify their
work with drawing the schemes, charts, plans, diagrams and flowcharts

(N +1) Star Topology:

An N+1 topology includes some number of primary cluster nodes and one secondary node. You
do not have to configure the primary nodes and secondary node identically. The primary nodes
actively provide application services. The secondary node need not be idle while waiting for a
primary node to fail.

The secondary node is the only node in the configuration that is physically connected to all the
multihost storage.

If a failure occurs on a primary node, Oracle Solaris Cluster fails over the resources to the
secondary node. The secondary node is where the resources function until they are switched back
(either automatically or manually) to the primary node.

The secondary node must always have enough excess CPU capacity to handle the load if one of
the primary nodes fails.

The following figure illustrates an N+1 configuration.

Figure:  x86: N+1 Topology

Define Hub.
In a star topology, each device has a dedicated point to point link only to a central controller
usually called a hub.

ADVANTAGES
Better performance: star topology prevents the passing of data packets through an excessive
number of nodes.
At most, 3 devices and 2 links are involved in any communication between any two devices.
Although this
topology places a huge overhead on the central hub, with adequate capacity, the hub can
handle very high
utilization by one device without affecting others.

Isolation of devices:

Each device is inherently isolated by the link that connects it to the hub. This makes the
isolation of
individual devices straightforward and amounts to disconnecting each device from the others.
This
isolation also prevents any non-centralized failure from affecting the network.

Benefits from centralization:

As the central hub is the bottleneck, increasing its capacity, or connecting additional devices to
it,
increases the size of the network very easily. Centralization also allows the inspection of traffic
through the network. This facilitates analysis of the traffic and detection of suspicious behavior.
Easy to detect faults and to remove parts.
No disruptions to the network when connecting or removing devices.
Installation and configuration is easy since every one device only requires a link and one
input/output port to connect it to any other device(s).

DISADVANTAGES:
High dependence of the system on the functioning of the central hub. Failure of the central hub
renders the network inoperable
There is central server dependency.
Expensive to purchase.
Requires a large amount of cable to be connected.

SCOPE OF PROJECT:
Star networks are well known for their nodes being located in a shape of a star. There are one of
the most commonly
used computer network topologies – star network topologies. The way such networks look
reminds of a star as there is a central node which is illustrated in the very middle of the network
schematics and from this central hub there
are other nodes all around this hub connected to it. The central hub is there to transmit the
messages to the other
nodes and it is the server itself when the peripheral nodes are the clients.
Having such hub as well as the leaf nodes which are connected to it all together with the
transmission lines between
all of them, you can illustrate all that in a way of a network topology which will be called the
start network topology
diagram. In this diagram of a star form everyone can clearly see both the central hub, the nodes
and the lines which
connect these nodes to the middle where the hub is. The data is meant to be going through the
hub, or the switch
(also known as concentrator), before it can finish its way until it gets to its destination.
The main function of the hub is to control and message all of the functions of the network. It can
also be in charge
for repeating the data flow. Such configuration can be made with use of the twisted pair cable as
well as the optical
fibre cable. A coaxial cable can also be used.
The reason of using the star topology is to reduce the impact of a failure for a line in a way of
connecting all existing
systems to one central node or hub. All of the peripheral, but central, nodes can be connected
with each other only
through the very central node which is the hub in the middle of the star topology drawing. They
all transmit and receive
data only in a way of using the central node, there is no other way of their communication.

HOW TO MAKE A NETWORK USING AN

ETHERNET CABLE

Click on the START MENU and select CONTROL PANEL.

Select NETWORK AND INTERNET.
Select the NETWORK AND SHARING CENTER.
From the Tasks section on the left, select CHANGE ADAPTER SETTINGS.
Right-click the LOCAL AREA CONNECTION icon and select PROPERTIES.
From the User Access Control window, click CONTINUE.
Select INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSION 4 (TCP/IPv4), and then click the PROPERTIES
button.
Make sure OBTAIN AN IP ADDRESS AUTOMATICALLY and OBTAIN DNS SERVER
ADDRESS AUTOMATICALLY are selected.
Click the OK button to close the other open windows.

How to Make Your Own Ethernet Cable and Set up a

Network Between Two Laptops Using Ethernet
Cable
Modern computer system depends on networking for sharing and transferring of data. Basically
networking is a collection of different computers and its peripherals that are interconnected by
communication channels, which allows us to share information and resources. Networking can
be achieved by using networking cables or by wireless technology. The greatest advantage of
networking is the unlimited sharing of information and resources between the computers that are
included in the network. Below processes demonstrates various steps in customizing an Ethernet
cable and interconnecting two laptops using this network cable. Here we use a cross over
Ethernet cable for setting up this network. By using a customized Ethernet cable, users can
obtain cables of appropriate length that suites their needs.

REQUIREMENTS:

Network Cable Types and Topologies

Network Type
Standard Thin (RG-58) coaxial Topology
Ethernet
10BASE-2 Thin (RG-58) coaxial Bus
 10BASE-5 Thick coaxial Bus

10BASE-T Cat 3 UTP or better Star

Fast Ethernet
100BASE-TX Cat 5 UTP or better Star

Gigabit Ethernet 1000BASE-TX Cat 5 UTP or better Star

1000BASE-TX Cat 6a UTP or better
Star
Token-Ring
(All)
UTP or STP Logical ring