an Sixth ae oS Tene RY Xe a a rachuting © Bee a et) ft Tolar SS ee bigite it) =[ Only Cova-Cola gives you the cheerful litt that’s bright and lively... .the cold crisp taste th deeply satisfies! No wonder it’s the real refreshment... anytime. pereraerina Sepeled rT REFRESHING NEW FEELING! -anywhere! Pause....for Coke!Take a course in American history and at the same time enjoy the most excit- ing vacation of your life. To understand America you must know its beginnings. You must see where the Pilgrims landed, you must visit the Revolutionary battlegrounds of Bunker Hill, Lexington and Concord. You should The see the frontier cabins of the Berkshires and the Pioneer most Valley. Inspect the whaling ships, merchantmen Enjoyable and fishing fleets of Nantucket, = Martha’s Vineyard, New Educa tion Bedford and Gloucester. woe ewer @ As you take this enlightening tour, stop to imag ined enjoy some of the most beautiful beaches, lakes, mountains, streams and peaceful country scenes to be found anywhere in the world. Facilities are available for practically every recreation imaginable. From parachuting to water skiing, fishing to skin-diving. From hiking to dancing and dining at a smart supper club. ™ Only in Massachusetts can you combine an education and a vacation in such exciting ways. Massachusetts — the year-round vacationland. ™ For complete information write to Massachusetts Department of Commerce, Boston, Massachusetts. Sohn A. UV Ol pe, cover John T. Burke, commissioner‘SIXTH WORLD SPORT PARACHUTING CHAMPIONSHIP COMMITTEE AUGUST —SKPTEAMEER 196 ORANGE, MASSACHUSETTS JACQUES ANDRE ISTEL, President FRIENDS: For the first time in the brief history of our sport a World Championship is being organized by former competitors. We render homage to past organizers who pioneered and formalized international competition in the face of public indifference and of financial and technical difficulties. We also thank the many organizations and individuals who have made this event a reality. We welcome you in a spirit of friendly competition, keep- ing uppermost in our minds the fact that we are joined together by our love of this sport of the sky. For com- petition takes g second plece to the happy realization that humanity is discovering a new element. Competition also stands behind the fact thet in the realm of human endeavor, the effort of the individual is paramount, In past championships I acquired great respect for our opponents end appreciated their hospitality, as well as their skill. At the start of this great event we remem- ber that the eternal truths of effort, endeavor and hospitality will endure long after the winning of this contest. It ie furthor our fervent hope that the ties of friendship thet we form in the sky will lead to peace on earth in this century. Jacques Andre Istel President ADVISORY COUNCIL: Misi Jacqueline Cochmn — Josooh Crane — Martin Decker — Elward P. F. Bazan — Hon, Poster Rurcole Marry B Hershel — Ben Kociver — Melvin L, Krulewllch — Sen Warren G Magnuson — Vic Admin RB, Pirie Goétrey §. Rockefeller — Crockor Snow — Robert Lawle Taylor — Willlam I. Tucker — Hos. Stuywesont Walowzight ‘ware L, Wallace — Thonas J. Wetson, Jr. — Brig. Gen, Rotert H. Williams, USMC, Ret. ~ Gilt Rob> WilsonOro RYLOUIS RIDE Great Britain tndis Ireland Spain ‘Switzerland United States of America Federal Peoples Republic of YugoslaviaTHE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT STATE HOUSE + ~~ BOSTON July 18, 1962 JOHN A. VOLPE GovERNOR TO THE PARTICIPANTS IN THE SIXTH WORLD SPORT PARACHUTE CHAMPICNSHIP: It is a pleasure and a privilege for me, as Governor of the Commonwealth, to welcome you to Massachusctts and to the Sixth World Sport Parachute Championship, fron August 11 to September 4. This year for the first time the championship is to be held in the United States. The selection of Orange, Massachusetts, as the location for the meet is an indication of the progress that sports jumping has made among Massachusetts people, and also of the increasing spectator interest it has aroused. Many nations represented in the group of entrants are competing internationally fur the first time. This fact is in itself significant and encouraging. An approach to world friendship and better internation- a1 relations through sports is one of the most successful ways of bringing together peoples of varying political and social beliefs. I know that the residents of Orange and the surrounding conmuni- ties, and particularly the ladies serving on the various hospitality committees, have planned a warm reception for you. While you are in Orange, you will be able, through the efforts of the committees, to take sightseeing trips to locations of historic interest and natural beauty in various parts of the State. Massachusetts was one of the thirteen original states of this nation, and has preserved and restored many of the sites and buildings inportant in its early history. I wish to extend to you a cordial welcome to our State, and to express my hope that you will have a pleasant and interesting stay with us in Massachusetts. Sincerely, GovernorPSSISHYASA227 alas All new 28 Anniversary Model CESSNA FAO with 360° OMNI-VISION CESSNA’S 50 YEARS OF PROGRESS in aviation inopired tho 18 new Anniversary Models. And to assure a dramatically new line of airerarc for 1962, Cessna more than doubled the money ususily spent for design sdvancement tnd retooling ANNIVERSARY WARRANTY BONUS: So successful was this design program, Cessna doudted the warranty life on ics entire Anniversary Fleet, FAMOUS SINCE INTRODUCTION, the Claana 210 ie tho world only highspest Wusiness plane with retractable landing fear and high wing for yeeater speed, Ie End stamulty. Ane now for‘be, Ws totaly new! Here ave just afew of i many nee Iontroer 360° Omni-Vision gives you an all around wall of windows for extra vison, safely, and 2 ‘tw fealing of spacious freedom. % Completely new tus ‘nehes), lange, det humps fave: been Aloor—new yeucenanjoy tll move around free. ‘dom while tying, Rear sels foi den to convert your 210 to an aerial station wagen-—espesaly {otventent for rete out cal raps! New cptona Siway AdjestO-lsic cating ascures cemlate ome, Mo stor airlines gus oy 9 lager. mere eareas eb. 4 New interior/exterior styling. ‘New useful foad—increesed ty $0 Ios, Plenty of rocm for 4 adult, standard Teel ane 158 Ibs. extra wait allowance. New instrument panel is lover for batter feewaid vill. light instruments ste shock: ‘mounted ively in frent of pilot. New rece {ype sacs. 4eNew fuel system elves you longer range ‘hreugh more sate ue New hydraulic system is simplified fer oe dopondiliy. " 4€New openscenter control system for simpler mainteratee, easier fying, Aso neW ering ssn, H Larger wheels and tires (nylon tubsles:) ‘er sft of rough train, NEW CESSNA NAV-O-MATIC automat tally Keeps you on course; males. fying ‘easier than turnpike driving. Complete in itself! Exclusive’ Nav-O-Maite with. sim- Diified design and transistors needs no itional gyros for its operation. Optional on all single-engine Cossnas. 260-H.P., FUEL-INJECTION ENGINE delivers speeds up to 188 my, range pts Lats ion Hogh-Gding Wn with cinical’camber”wingtipo accures greatest Stability. Para-bift Naps and. Lami-O- ‘Matic anaing gear give you most efictent takeofs and landings SEE THE MANY NEW ADVANCES of the Cessna 210 and the 12 other Anniversary Models at your Cessna dealer's. Or for further information, write: Cessna Aireratt Co., Dept. PP-3, Wichita, Kansas, U.S.A. THIRTEEN BUSINESS AIRCRAFT _ eeSIXTH WORLD SPORT PARACHUTING CHAMPIONSHIP PROGRAM TABLE OF CONTENTS THE SPONSORING ORGANIZATIONS 2. 2. THE CHAMPIONSHIP STAFF... r THE PEOPLE BEHIND THE SCENES =. eee SCHEDULE OF EVENTS... é “THE EVOLUTION OF COMPETITION’ — Jacque Andre Istel ORANGE AIRPORT... AERIAL VIEW. 5 we "SPORT PARACHUTING COMES OF AGE” —D. C. Sonnichsen WORLD RECORDS CLAIMED —U.S. Army Team ne: WORLD PARACHUTING RECORDS — Federation Aeronautique Intomn: ‘ CONDENSED RULES OF THE CHAMPIONSHIPS. * * HOW THE EVENTS ARE SCORED... a © oe @ OFFICIAL SCORING BLANKS ww we U.S. PATENTS ON PARACHUTES... * 2 “WHAT HAPPENS IN THE ‘STYLE’ EVENTS?” —Jim Arender>. . THE FAI AND NAA. IN CIVIL AVIATION. =. 0. HOW YOU CAN LEAKN FAKACHUIING =. 5 “YOUR FIRST JUMPING ADVENTURE” —Russell A.Gunby 9... THE LANGUAGE OF PARACHUTING—Russell A.Gunby =... PAST UNITED STATES TEAMS AND CAPTAINS THE 1962 UNITED STATES PARACHUTING TEAMS "PHOTOGRAPHY IN FREE-FALL...and on THE GROUND" — Lewis B, Sonborn Published by the Athol Jaycees 9 1962 PRINTED oy —tiiny LEOMINSTER, MASS,We We Ge We We We Ie WC We We 99 99 We 9% Be We We We We We We We We We We We We WHITNEY’S RESTAURANT 491 MAIN STREET — DOWNTOWN ATHOL SPECIALIZING IN OPEN EVERY DAY 99¢ DINNERS 6am. — 7 pm. ALL THE FIXINGS” IN THE CENTER OF (every day but Sunday) TOWN 9% _99e 9e Me We We We We We We We We Me We We We 266 66 266, 266 66 96566766266 266 DANIEL 7 LATERPORD. Won 7" OUR TWENTY SEVEN YEA Fearne TaunnonTeaTOT “OUR EXPERIENCE IS YOUR GUARANTEF oF SareTy” MIDWEST 27. “PARACHUTE "GUARDING Your LIFE IN THE aun Ms Govern Perachula Maintenance 5 Hlcoraed~ Lot No 2471 Dealet fr Irving, Plonses, Sitik Gnd Bogie Perachute Companies 48901 GRANO RIVER Novi, MICHIGAN “Member of Parachute Club of Am: Sport Sky Diving Sets LOWER PRICES — SKY DIVING SETS — BRAND NEW SURPLUS — SATISFACTION GUARANTEED All Chutes Modified in our Modern F.A.A. Licensed Loft under special F.A.A. CANOPY, CONTAINER tnd HARNESS LICENSES and 180.023 APPROVED AND STAMPED Send for detailed list of Sky Diving Sets and Spare Parts— © comple hy Being Soe $7800 Everphing fr Shy Silo tnorpney hv $3500 up, | & Sash Bacon ite oor nowt me omc” Call "Danny Latchford” for fast service 10AWARDS TO CAPTURE THE IMAGINATION BY BLACKINTON Outstanding Lucite Trophies and Awards capture the lifelike realism of Free Fall and Parachutist. We will S be happy to answer any inquiries for distinctive awards. Quality for 110 Years Vv. H. BLACKINTON & CO., INC.—ATTLEBORO FALLS, MASS.FEDERATION AERONAUTIQUE INTERNATIONALE S2.eountry organization governs alleviation sports... established all official aviation records . caverns official internationel competitions... oper- ates through a non-profit National Aero Club in each country. President: Jacques Allez NATIONAL AERONAUTIC ASSOCIATION Non-profit National Aero Club . . . sole representa- tive of FALL. in United Stotes . .. governs all United Stotes aviotion sports through its divisions. President: Martin Decker PARACHUTE CLUB OF AMERICA Non-profit division of NAA chuting in United States .. . trains United States sport porechuting team . . . officially empowered by the International Parachuting Commission of the F.A.L. to conduct the 1982 World Chempionship. President: Joseph Crane controls sport para- MASSACHUSETTS SPORT PARACHUTING COMMISSION S-member Commission created by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to “assist in the planning, promotion and development of the 6th World Pacochuting Cham. pionship Meot to be held at Orange in the year 1962." Chairman: Jacques Andre Istel Commissioners: Joseph H. Ellinwood, Earl F. Herris (1962), Nothon G. Pond, Crocker Snow, William H. Tuckor (1960*), Robert A. Spatola, Exec. Secretary. SPONSORING ORGANIZATIONS 1982 6th WORLD SPORT PARACHUTING COMMITTEE, INC. A non-profit Massachusetts corporation officially em- powered by the Parachute Club of America and the Federation Aeronautique Internationale to finance, ‘administer and conduct the World Championship. President: Jacques Andre Istel Treasurer: Edward S. Harris Notional Advisory Council Miss Jacqueline Cochran, Hon. Silvio . Conte, Joseph Crane, Martin Decker, Edward P. F. Eagan, Hon. Fos: ter Fureolo, Hatry B. Henshel, Ben Kocivar, Melvin L. Keulewiteh, Sen. Warren G. Magnuson, Vice Admiral R. B. Pirie, Godfrey S. Rockefeller, Crocker Snow, Robert Lewis Taylor, William H. Tucker, Hon. Stuyves- ant Wainwright, Dwane L. Wallace, Thomas J, Wat- son, Jr., Brig. Gen. Robert H, Williams, USMC, Ret., Robb Wilson. Area Advisory Council Co-Chairman Edwin T. Foitchild, Co-Cheirman Eor! A. Sylvester, Allan R. Baldwin, Ludwig Benedetti, Harold R. Blake, Decatur P. Butler, Howard D, Cad- well, Clair F. Carpenter, David Clerk, Edward R. Del- sigaore, Hon. Harold l. Dower, Edward L. Downes, Joseph H. Ellinwood, Donald G. Engel, Bradley L. Frye, George Girordi, David Housen, Paul P. Jerrs, Hon. Walter T. Kostanski, John F. Lee, Saul Levinson, Hon. Ralph C. Mchar, Robert MecGregor, Elwyn L. ‘MacKinnon, Dr. Wm. B. Oddy, Alvin C. Oickle, Louis Plotkin, Robert Plotkin, Cla: L. Poland, Nathan G. Pond, E. M. Robbins, Joseph J. Robichoud, Howard ‘A. Shaw, Lee Shipmon, Richard C. Tomkins, Roy L. Irenoweth, Donald 8. Walker. Al partons whove names appear here have contributed their efforts on an unpaid basisCHAMPIONSHIP STAFF ‘ector of Competition Architects and Engineers ROBERT A. SPATOLA MAJ. RUSSELL A. GUNBY SHEPLEY BULFINCH RICHARDSON Assistant Director pany eet & ABBOTT GRAHAM KNOX Director of Publie Relations Contractor: and Advertising aan Statt BAYER & MINGOLLA ne IALNORECOE DARRELL C. SONNICHSEN MARS. BEVERLY CLOUKEY Director of Publicity Auditors IMIS. SHIRLEY SAHAGIAN MSot. ALLEN G. MAINARD, USMC ARTHUR ANDERSEN & CO, WMISS ELLEN 8RAZELL Tee Sata ety Official Photographers Ae coe ce LEWIS 8. SANBORN SFC. JOE M. GONZALES, U.S.A. FRIENDSHIP LODGE Home of 24 Nations (The felph C. Mohar Regional High School) COMMITTEES “FRIENDSHIP LODGE” AREA HOUSING COMMITTEE AWARDS commITTEE Mes. Mary Rembe Me. Stanley’ A, Holmes ‘Me. Daryl Henry Chairmen ‘nis Kathy Rogers Chelan Mee Mathes Wenn ines ae tebe me, Personal Services ‘anid Recrection Local Howsing Ce-Chairmoe Mr. Lewis R. Sonborn Mrs. Raberta Boxter Mics Margoret Gallagher Miss kon Wood na Semen Lecol Howsing CoChaimor INTERPRETERS. Wes Aihes Brcane Honeah Akinien ‘ars, Florence Tepper Mr Emory Hastings rt. Margerat De Jechome Mrs. Pilomene Cook Secretary MMs. Thomos Butler Mew Clore Lo Croix ‘Mes. Jeanette Moore Me. Frorees Toyior Mee June: Wabs Sus a Mee. Margaret Burne Mrs. Thelma Mallen Wes: Olive Kunihalm 1s. Aa Ookes Mrs. Helene Rubino Mee. Ellene Woed Mi, Darrel Senichien FAA Flag TRANSPORTATION ich REET pce dew anes Heri Mr Clareree White Mex Eleaner Swine oo orriciat ‘crown conmrot Kenneth & Smith DECORATIONS 1ostEss s = AIRPORT COORDINATION Me, Cloudie B. hal phate esi Adesles ‘hr Toveph Martens CommurteE pcrecoe rans! ‘me Horeld Bloke Mrs. Katherine C. Lenier Mrs. Norman Hapgood Choiemen Miss Linda Dexter 13A TRIBUTE TO THE PEOPLE To MARTIN DECKER, President of the Notional Aero- nautic Association ,whose folth and works mode thie Championship pettible. ‘out whose lifetim: have no place in To JACQUELINE COCHRAN, friend and critic, with= ie efforts aviation sports would Americo. To the volunteers who have served on the Siaff, on the mony Committess, and in the technical details of earry- ing out the Championship. We pay particular thanks to the Legislators who actively supported this program in the midst of their monumen- tal responsibilities cnd historic mission, and to the Executive brenches of Government, whote efforts have been s0 gratifying. United States Senate The Hon. Lyndon B. Johnson The Hon. Juhi F. Kerisedy — 1960 The Hon. Warren G. Magnuson The Hon, Claiborne Pell The Hon. Leverett Saltonstall ‘The Hon. Benjamin A. Smith, i U.S. Houso of Reprosentatives ‘The Hon. SILVIO CONTE The Hon. Williom H. Bates The Hon. Edward P. Boland The Hon. Jomes A. Burke The Hon. Laurence Curtis The Hon. Hurokd D. Donohue The Hon. Hastings Keith The Hon, Thomas J. Lane The The The The The The Hon. John W. McCormack Hon. Torbert H. Macdonald Hon, Joseph W. Mortin, Jr. Hon. F. Bradford Morse Hon. Thomas P. O'Neill Hon. Philip J. Philbin Governors of the New England States The The The The The The The The Hon. John Volpe, Mossochusetts, and his predecessor Hon. Foster Furcolo Hon. John N. Dempsey, Connecticut Hon. John H. Reed, Maine Hon. Wesley Powell, New Hampshire Hen, Melion A. Rockofeller, Mow York Hon, John A. Notte, Jr., Rhode Island Hon. Frank R. Keyser, Jr., Vermont Mossachusetts General Court Senate The Hon. The Hon. The Hon. The Hon. The Hon. RALPH C. MAHAR Paul H. Benoit Lorie B. Cutler Harry Della Russo Elizabeth A. Stanton Massachusetts General Court House of Representatives The Hon. WALTER T. KOSTANSKI The Hon. Harold L. Dower The Hon. Chorles A. Bisbeo, Jr. ‘The Hon. John J. Fitzgerald The Hon. Gerald B lamhnrd The Hon. Allan McGuane The Hon. Rico Matera FRIENDS OF THE CHAMPIONSHIP These names are being printed without the knowledge or permission of the individuals concerned. They are the people who have not received suffi cause of their bolicf in tho Me. Richard #- 1s, Robert Keeeder Mes, Olive Beech Ir, Thomo G. Losier, Jr. Be. es Me Front katt ke Robert E. Lutaentel Wed. Go Me, James Fewer Ike. Gorton Lovrysson ‘iss Emene Blizzard Ie. doseph Fox Me. Chorlos Bonnay Mr. John P. Got Me. George E. Bosverth Mex Mery Coulon Me. Vincent R. Cereleo Ormond A. Gial Dn Francs A. Goodhos ‘Meleolm Ha ‘Noney Hell Cecle Hamilton Me. Charles Legidon Iie Eleanor Meher Mee, Go. Martin Moi. RL Oakley Ii. Floyd B, Octum Mi J. 1 O'3hee Mr. Reland Paimedo Daniel J. Houghton Me. AT OF Gen. James 8. Doaiinte MK Howkins Me, Coles ‘ist Vikt borne Ie. Andre tte 1s, James Pol Me. Jonry Davis Ae. Reginald R. Kearton Me. Sebottion L. Pond ‘Me. Edword 7, Fiechild Mr. Rey Kirschner Mr, Kenneth Quackenbush Hon. Michool 3, Feral Me. Joteph 3. Keopow Mr, Jock Reynolds “4 iit mention elsewhere in this book ond who have supported sport parachuting solely be: ty and because of their particular character. Mee Eugene Roe! Ihe. Sturt Rose Col. W. T, Ryder Mi Soba. Seeger he. Uno Sik Moyer John Show Me Vincent Siva Me. John. Solvason Mis. Joanne Sonnichsen CCiford D. Stewart Moco Slewart Gen. Joseph Sillwel, Jr Bradford Straus Frank P. Sweeney Me. Richard C. Tomi US. Army Forachuting Team Mr. Gerard Vendermecrsch De. John. Victory Mis Daniel Waller Jae. Ralph Whitener Miss Ann WoedBEHIND THE SCENES To the citizens of Orange goes the gratitude and the respect of the entire Championship Staff. Here in the hills fof New England this small town has opened its heart to the new concepts of sport parach home for the Chumpivnship. [Airport Commis Me Harald Bloke Cheinen MMe. Richard Bow Dr Wiliam 8. Oady Ms, Reber! Me. Lee Shipmen| ‘Orange School Board Me. Kermit Cea, Sup Mea. L Augotine Mr. Clement Durna rs. Giewling Me. George Kenney De. Arthus Lundgren Mra, ether Re es Clinton Sperry CONTRIBUTING Greenfield Chamber Homten McPhee, In International Corp Chote Turbine Manufacturing Co. KUM Royal Dutch Airlines Bulove Wateh Compory tho first parachuting bowl in the world built by BAYER & MINGOLLA Construction Company, Inc. P.O. BOX 991 WORCESTER 1, MASS. B&M Crushed Stone Corp B&M Asphalt Corp. Asphalt Pavement Corp. Leurier Press, Ine 19, and provided a Orange Selectmen Me- Edward Holey Mrs. Alice Sprogee Me. Roger Tolman Orange Police Department Me Rennats Smith, Chia! Mr Orange Chamber of Commerce Ii. Catton We Sper ie Elo trae edo Me Reval werner I Fel Roblcheud, Vereen weg tear Ir: ed ee Sattory De Moris Boland, Treasurer ORGANIZATIONS Lteovit Machine Co. Lsexheed. Aircraft Corporation Laecheed Misi ond Space Co. Niero-Lube ‘Moher Milwork Corp. Chamber of Commerce iveni COrenge Merchants Association ‘Orenge National Bank Je Sovings Bonk Porachote Company re, Ine. fotos, Ine. Rodnay Hunt Machine Ce, Science Astorotes Slonel Co. Torrington Co. Union Tool Co, a Ss t. “snes ae ithe Ge thadSCHEDULE SIXTH WORLD SPORT PARACHUTING CHAMPIONSHIP AUGUST and SEPTEMBER, 1962 Thursday, August 9 Friday, August 10 Saturday, August 11 Sunday, August 12 Monday, August 13 Tuesday, August 14 Wednesday, August 15 Thursday, August 16 Friday, August 17 Saturday, August 18 Sunday, August 19 Monday, August 20 Tuesday, August 21 Teams arrive in Boston and Orange, Mass. Press Conforence Registration Practice Jumps Special Attraction — Friendship Jump. Practice Jumps Group Accuracy — Men 1000 meters, Ist Jump Group Accuracy —Men 1500 meters, Ist Jump Ind. Accuracy Cven!— Women 1000 meters, Ist Jump Ind. Accuracy Event—Men 1000 meters, Ist Jump Ind. Accuracy Event—Men 1500 meters, Ist Jump Ind. Accuracy Event— Women 1500 meters, Ist Jump Rest and Recreation Weather Date — Practice Jumps Rest Maneuver Event— Women, Ist Jump Maneuver Event—Men, Ist Jump Ind. Accuracy Event—Men 1000 meters, 2nd Jump Ind. Accuracy Event—Men 1500 meters, 2nd Jump Ind. Accuracy Event Women 1500 meters, 2nd Jump Ind. Accuracy Event—Men 1000 meters, 2nd Jump Group Accuracy —Women 1000 meters, Ist Jump Ind. Accuracy Event—Men 1000 meters, 3rd Jump Ind. Accuracy Event Women 1000 meters, 2nd Jump Group Accuracy —Men 1500 meters, 2nd Jump Rest and Recreation Weather Date Recreation Motorcade 16OF EVENTS Wednesday, August 22 Thursday, August 23 Friday, August 24 Saturday, August 25 Sunday. August 26 Monday, August 27 Tuesday, August 28 Wednesday, August 29 Thursday, August 30 Friday, August 31 Saturday, September 1 Sunday, September 2 Monday, September 3 All events are scheduled subject to change in case of i Rest — Practice Jumps Weather Date Ind. Accuracy Event Women 1000 meters, 3rd Jump Maneuver Event — Men, 2nd Jump Group Accuracy — Women 1000 meters, 2nd Jump Ind. Accuracy Event—Men 1500 meters, 3rd Jump Group Accuracy —Men 1000 meters, 3rd Jump Group Accuracy —Women 1000 meters, 3rd Jump Ind. Accuracy Event—Women 1500 meters, 3rd Jump Group Accuracy —Men 1500 meters, 3rd Jump Group Accuracy —Women 1500 meters, Ist Jump Rest and Recreation Weather Date Ind. Accuracy Event—Men 1000 meters, 4th Jump Ind. Accuracy Event—Men 1500 meters, 4th Jump Maneuver Event— Women, 3rd Jump Group Accuracy —Wemen 1500 meters, 2nd Jump Maneuver Event Women, 2nd Jump Entertainment Motorcade Weather Date Equipment Exchange Recreation Group Accuracy —Men 1000 meters, 4th Jump Group Accuracy —Men 1500 meters, 4th Jump Group Accuracy —Women 1500 meters, 3rd Jump Special Attraction — Friendship Jump Weather Date Award Ceremony — DEPARTURE — loment weather or winds of more than 18 miles per hour.Copyright 1962 by Jacques Andre bes! Condensation from a forthcoming book International competition started in 1951 when five countries met in Yugoslavia to compete for the princi pal ttle in a new sport. Franco tock the honors that ing the men’s title and Monique LaRoche the women’s tle. The sport wos new and quite different from what we see today. The para- chutes were either square or circular with one small hole in the center. They oscilloted, traveled over the ground at the speed of the wind, and were generally ineccurate. A good jump in accuracy wos 50 yards from the conter of target. Style in free fall was un: known since free fall itself was a mysterious and sus- pected area where many technical people sill be- jeved that @ man would become unconscious if kept 2 Lard wi yeor, that state for more than a few seconds. The competi three years later, in 1954, the world was amazed when a well-trained Soviet team sow Ivan Fetchichin win the world titie with average jumps of approxi- mately 5 yards from the center of target. This second World Championship was held at St. Yen, France, and seven countries participated. For the first time « free n wes held and wos successful, and fall event was introduced and many hours were spent bickering over the manner of judging this new pho- nomenon, for by 1954 pioneering efforts in several countries hed brought out the fact thot man could stobilize his body during descent and maintain some sort of control in free fall. The standards of competi tion were different than today. Accurecy still played «@ large part, Style consisted simply of control in free fall and timing, the somewhat ridiculous concept of pulling the parachute open within a tenth of a second of the prescribed time, accounted for many points. The concept of timing was based upon the outdated idea that it took unusual courage and control to open @ porachute at a given moment. | felt that free fall was great fun ond, as U.S. dele- gate some years later, was responsible tor having that concept thrown out of competition, while at the same time basing the style event upon more difficult maneu- vers which would be signalled 10 the parachutist from THE EVOLUTION 18 CZECHOSLOVAKIAN TEAM — AT MOSCOW 1956 WORLD CHAMPIONS the ground during free fall. The credit for progression in free fall belongs to the French school, for it is in France that the basi fall were performed. Intemational competitive events experiments of control in free for some years lagged behind the skill of the more ad- vanced parachutists of the period There were many great names: Sam Chosak, Michel Prik in France; Marivikin, Peklin, Fetchichin, Seliver- stova in Russia; Kubek, Kaplan in Czechoslovakia and mony others too numerous to mer the lead. ers during this glorious period of the sport. ‘America also had its pioneers: Fred Maton, Sergeent in tho U.S. Army, was tho zole U.S. representative in 1954, taking an honorable 23rd place in the individ. val event. 1954 was a turning point, for by this time World Championships become formel, bi-annual events and parachuting wes now @ recognized branch of the Federation Aeronautique Internationale. But in 1954 parachuting was still socially a basterd child of aviation, There were many reasons: because of the lack of control and the danger of early parachuting, the act of parachuting itself was considered to be an ‘act of blind courage — the sort of thing that one should do only in an emergency or willfully only if ‘one held one’s life cheaply. Thus, porachuting was intellectually and socially disreputable ond the worldOF COMPETITION did not know that amazing technizel discoveries were making hath free fall and parcchuting in general sofe. In Europe the prestige of the parachutist, a generelly unskilled ond ignorant fellow. was far below the pres- tige of the technically competent pilot. | was @ com- mercial pilot before parachuting, and recognized im- mediately that one reason tho parachulsts were miss ing the mark was that the pilots were launching them in the wrong place. The pilot, in his cockpit, looked at the ground at an angle and, even though he might know the correct launching point, would drop the parachutist hundreds of feet off — not @ major error in o fost circraft, but one that could not be made up by a slow moving parachute. Further, the pilot wos a bus drivor bringing the parachutist 1o his launching point, no more no less. In the US., where there were perhaps one million pilots and very few porachutisis ‘and where technical competence generally is held in for less regard than in Europe, there were fewer so- ial projudicor By 1956 there wos an aimesphere of change. The first US. Parachuting Team entered a greet international event. There was a large crowd at the superbly staged Third World Chompionship held ot Moscow, where a magnificent Czechoslovakian teom tock the world crown from the Soviet Union with ton countries com- peting. A great innovation ot this Championship wos @ new Soviet parachute — a successful modification of an unsuccessful western design. This parachule wos for more stable and accurate than existing models. I reduced the landing shock of the competitors ond led us to the discovery of a fundamental concept fin= ally patented only last month — the concept of the itt effect in porachutos. This effect removed most of the landing shock by reducing the horizontal speed caused by the wind, It also reduced the rate of des- ent and eliminated the oscillotion factor, thus cutting ‘out most of the landing injuries. There remained the problom of the apening shack. In tho 1956 cantoxt wo sow that the Soviets had solved thot problem. By ap- plying successfully the modification of o German in- vention — the sleeve, @ pillowcase like affair which slowed the opening of the parechute and made it 1800 ‘iempostible for © man to wrap up in the canopy during the epening We had seen this device in France, but the French, hampered by Government regulations, were not el- lowed to use it. Not so with us. | was the only west- emer jumping this device in competition in 1956 ond, in bringing it back to the U.S., felt this wes the key to sefety in sport parachuting, itis @ stondard device in sport parechuting today. By 1958 world competition hed inereased to fourteen A dirong Soviet team vitually swept the field of fourteen countries ot the well managed World Championship held at Bratislava, Czechoslovakia. That year every parachutist was impressed by the fair~ ness ond competence of the heed judge, Mr. Ctibor Cejpa, who, by unanimous request of the Directors of the P.CA,, is head judge of this 1962 Championship. In 1958 the US. placed sixth, os they had in 1956, but in 1960 in the Fifth World Championship held at Sofia, Bulgario, the U.S. was in fourth place. Parachute design was changing and the standards of accuracy were now within one yard of the center of target. The style event had changed considerably: voneuvers were first introduced in the 1956 competi tion, end in 1958, for the first time, © porachutist had to make a decision in free fall. Indeed, by this time mon was so accustomed to this new element that an 1 OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA CHAMPION IN 1960 ATTAKEN AT LA FERTE GAUCHER, FRANCE, AUGUST, 1961. CENTER: ARENDER. Ist PLACE,’ LEFT: VODENITCHAROY, BUL- GARIAN 2ND PLACE, RIGHT SHAKING HANDS WITH ARENDER, SAHAROV OF THE ULR.S.S. 3RD PLACE. option of three series of maneuvers was given to him by signal from the ground after 5 seconds of free fal. The problem of the parachutist is much like the prob- Jom of the skior in © slolom rece. He must not only, perform the menevvers accurotely, but foster than anyone in the world and, if he goes too fast he may temporarily lose control along with all of his points. 1960 saw further revision in parachute design ond saw the U.S., for the first time, win @ gold medal when Jiny L, Arvendet, of the US. Army, took first place In style, Second overall champion of the world wos Richard Fortenberry, alto of the superbly trained U.S. Army contingent, for by now the civilian parachutiste were eclipsed by on Army team whose full tima efforts were subsidized by the Government. But it is interest- ing 10 note that by 1962 the pendulum had swung fonce more and the civilian and Army contestants on the US. side are faitly well bolanced. For by 1962 porechuting was a truly popular sport. There ore close to 500 clubs in the U.S. and 15,000 sport perachutsts ‘and the discoveries alluded to heretofore have led to @ good safety record. There are commercial sport parachuting centers just like ski resorts where people may come for a vacation and the stage ie now set for the extraordinary 1962 World Championship with 24 countries represented. For the first timo, an arona has been built so that spectators may have a sight of the target. A huge saucer-shaped embankment built at Orange, Mass, 1o the size of @ standard international 100 meter radius parachuting target. | confess thie wos my idea for it is my firm boliof thet sporte must finance themselves and that the gate of « world cham- pPionship must not only poy for the event, but must create o fund for the training and travel of future U.S. teoms, and how could you collect a gate when para- choting wos held on a flot field ond only the front row of spoctators saw anything? Like any worthwhile venture, the 1962 World Chem- pionship is a story of siruggle, of conflict and of en- deuvor. Bul whul ebe ca be expected when human- ity takes ite fret hotitant steps in a new fro indeed it is ¢ minor, but revolutionary social step to have made the frontier of the sky available to the general public within reasonable limits of safety ond For expense. THE BULGARIAN TEAM AT THE OPENING OF THE 1960 FIFTH WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP BULGARIA.ils Cds IV TeaBy B. C, SONNICHSEN The Parachute Club of America is the outgrowth of ‘wo previous organizations, the National Parachute Jumpers Association and the National Parachute JumporsRiggers, Ine. If @ date 's to be established for the first inception of the NPJA it would be in 1926 at the Pulitzer Air Races in Philadelphia, Pa., when, «at the suggestion of Mr. Joe Crane, a perachuting contest was organized. This was 9 spot jumping con fest among the professional: of the day when the Uniform wos tennis shoes, whita clath halmate andl white coveralls, 24 foot canopies. This pattern of the national contest wos repeated each year ot the Na- ional Air Races, o civilian offair os opposed ro the military Pulitzer Races, In 1993, at © two-dey "Socioty Air Meet” at Roose- velt Field, Long Island, the 46 jumpers present asked thot some sort of club be formed, thatthe titular head be Mr. Jack Whitney and the secretary be Mr. Joe Crone, There was no constitution or by-laws, ond no regular meetings. The dues were $1.00 @ year and the momber received @ memberthip card end a periodic bulletin, In lote 1933 a lapel emblem was adopted. It consisted of a round pin with a blue enam- el background ond @ small aluminum porochute at tached, Membership increased to about 100 by the fend of the year and tended to stay at that same level throughout the 30's. The main purposes of the NPJA were to allow the: a brief history of the Parachute Club of America SPORT PARACHUTING membership to communicate among one another, a means of contact for shows and exhibitions, and for social reasons. The organizetion also acted os « loose trade union et times. Once, during 1936 at the Miami (Florida) Air Races, 25 parachute jumpers struck ond refused 10 perform until their prices were met by the organizers. A permanent number system was used in 12 issuance of membership credentiols sine there was no licensing system in existence Shortly after the beginning of World War Il the mem- ership inereused 1u ubuvt 500 meinbets with the ee ation of the Army Parachute Troops and their interest in such an organization . . . not to mention the fact that military members received the membership of the cost of $1.00 for the duration of the war. When mem- bership began to decline ofter the war, probably due to lack of interest on the part of the former military members, the NPJA changed its organizational struc- ture to include the category of Riggers. The NPJA re- quired thot © member must heve made at least one jump; the NPIR allowed either jumpers or riggers os members, In 1947 the name was chenged to Notional Porachute Jumpers-Riggers, and the organization wos incorporated under the non-profit laws of New York State. The NPIR become affiicted with the Notional Aeronautic Association in late 1948 ond ot that time ‘was authorized fo issue F.AI. parachute licenses. It should be pointed out that the success of both or- Gonizations is ¢ result of both the dedication ond fun= domentally sound principles established by the tound- ers. Without the honesty and integrity towards the principles of parachuting, first from a professional point and secondly as o sport, the Parechute Club of America could not occupy the pesition it holds today. In 1949 ot the Notionel Air Races in Detroit, tho “chapter” principle was established, This basic plan was as follows: local groups would affiliate themselves with the NPJR ond function as autonomous bodies. They would select their best quolified representative to compete a! a national meet and thus select «no tional champion. A few of the early chapters were Clevelend, Danville, Virginia-Eagle Beavers, Detroit, New Jersey Sky-Divers, and Coliforni 2COMES OF AGE ‘The chopter principle, as it worked out in fact, was not altoaether workable because of the small number involved. Membership in NPIR remained fairly static cat round 100 through 1956 when the firs! full mole U.S. Team was sclecied and sent te Moscow for inter: jerost created by the train. ing of the team as well as the drive for funds to equip the team served as a boost both to membership and to create on interest in sport parcchuting. At this time the NPIR hed « formol constitution and by-lows, reg ular cnnual meeting, cloth insignia, a silver lapel pin, wind v reyvlar monthly newsletter. netionel competition. The Beginning in 1951 the NPJR began to receive invita- fions to participate in world parachuting chompion- ships. An NPJR member, Sgt. Fred Mason, took leave from his military unit stetioned in Europe end com- peted as the first United Stetes eniry in international compotition in 1954 at St. Yan, France. Sgt. Mason was later killed in a glider crash. During late 1954 ond 1955, several NPJR members across the country commented on the fact that the Unted States hed not been able to field o full team for the world chompion- ship. In eorly 1956 an invitotion was extended to all qualified NPJR members to participete in the try-outs ‘and selection of the first United States parachute team ‘at Trentor-Robbins Airport, New Jersey. The history of this and subsequent United States teams appears elsewhere in this program. In late 1957 the neme NPJR wos changed te Pare: chute Club of America os © more descriptive club name. Its interesting to note thot during this period, lust six years ago, there were no basic sofety regula ns, n@ Area Safety Officer program, and the consti- tution and by-laws were contained on one sheet of poper measuring 6” x 6” folded double. The canopies were un-modified flat circulars and were not sleeve deployed. Jumps were made by tumbling out of vori- ous types of aircrait, sometimes using seat or chair chutes without reserves. First jump courses did not ‘exist and the first jump for all novices was usually a hand-on-rip-cord jump and pull. Membership began to increase until today the mem- bership stands at 5,000 with expectations of close 10 2 2 6,000 by the end of the year. The headquarters of the Parachute Club of America were moved from Mineola, Long Island to Mount Kisco, New York, 1958 and from Mount Kisco, New York, to Monterey, Jenuary of 1961. Tho Club files were moved from free donated space in a private home to a rented, welllighted office building. The executive director is now a poid officer of the club on o full time basis with a staff of three to assist him, California, i A few of the achievements mode by PCA ond its Board of Directors are the following: encouragement of formation of clubs and club activities; sanctioning of parachute meets; esteblishment of the National In- tercollagiate Parachute League; adoption of the Area Salety Officer program and conference system; con- ducting the National Parachute Championships; close liaison with state and federal aviation agencies with regard to parachute regulations; and the obtaining of the 6th World Sport Parachuting Championship to bo held in the United States. And this list is by no moane completo The success and growth of the Parachute Club of America is a result of the effort of many individ- vals and they deserve the credit for that success. A few of their nomes appear in this program; unfortun- ately, space does not permit the mention of all theseVINYOIIIYD 'A3¥3LNOW 60k 3 22410 He DIaWIY JO qnj> oyNYysDIDY 207) ID ue “192940, potseueyy ovoiue yptaed 24) ul cIUsaquaW. 2204) 40 Uortdope posocu Aq usco ‘0h poppe pue baryons you jo Heys view au vonawy 40 a9 aLaHovuys aLU.S. Al Tnternat my Parachute Team onal Records Claimed Nineteen Official Reeord Claims Have Bo: With FAI By National ~ PRECISION DAY JUMPS—Without Delayed Openings The following records gee all prvison, day attemnts with the. parachutist = reared to Welle leaving the airealt 1 Filed ronantic Association ut delay i hid harachute-withte tw secant ater AnOf Noun Pete “lump Group Jumpers ‘oom 7 Fonesbery, Beydon,Bourau ti9ey teein Weteh 600mm ace . Howard. Barker, Econ, avs Tae ie mFS Naw io) . tee 100m New ror, Bourauin, BuRy, law, 20) Festanbery 8 Edam tee 000m 7 me USSR Rd (25) tein _fateabory. Peo 8 Byars V7 feb 100m «8 «S5Pm USSR Main, Duly, Favtanbery, (730m) evden, lew, Mcbanlay Wee Win 8a ier} Phe 160m «§77TOm USE io} team 20 tee (ann (rey (rate 3 en 000% 832m New (esea er Deh 2000n «0m «SG —~—ydan, Norman, weDonola (10) (aatm ion —2000m «4m Witlord, Medora tevin & oer Deb 200m ~SC« BCR EN) teats sm ew cdo Wyden, Byars ferecby, ai, Bty Wien 200m «9 ~=~—CaBuGm—USSE——_witiford, Forenbury, (82) 636m) Bowautn, Nome, Lew, Doty, Cher The Utoing sorts arr sith te eninge in whieh the jumper mat fall ahugualt atest i wn uf foveal yr Fema Tal farther tata, Hae 0557 lseam “wor 20008 «3 —~—«O97bm_—_USSR__Farenberys Brod, Bowrauln : Gry arm Wo -2008—«F.W¥ER «USSR Wilford, Farerbery (3) (atm Bourg, Lows Byard REPRINTED BY PERMISSION NATIONAL AHONAUTICS # Moy 1967 25PARACHUTING RECORDS — MEN — INDIVIDUAL JUMPS Highow abitude, daylight, immediate opesing — Piste Dolgov (USSR) Highest ebitude, right, immediate epening — Petre Delgov (USSR) Longest free fll, doylight — Nikelei Nikiine (USSR) fall 1 ee of 1 dom, 1962 Longest fi ji. Vladimir Zovev (USSR) $00 neers origi, he (USSR) 200 me high, immediote opening — P. Ostrovshl (USSR) 200 meters doyight, delayed oporing — Joret Hindicky (Crechoslorckio) 600 met sight delayed opening — Valery Koungeurtiey (USSR) 1000 meters doyight, immediote opening — Stefor Bodioe (Rumasie) 4090 meses 1200 meters daylight, delayed opesing — Gheorghe lancu (Remario) {tod meters yd epening ~ Alexendar Nagy (Czecheslovabio) 1500 igh, immediate opening — Manfved Schmit (Eoxt Germenr) 1500 meters hs inmadiete opening — Fiotre Bittchento (USSR) 1500 mater joyigh, delayed opening — Jercilav Jeblicka (Czechoslovakia) 100 meters ‘hleyed opoting = N. Bachest (USSD 200 mer high, inmecioteepaning ~ P. Onova (USSR) 600 mater Fecaion dayighr, cloyed apenieg — Jit Urban (cxechenvoie) x00 eyed opening © @, Guiqerer (Crechouovaiol GROUP JUMPING RECORDS rotors frelon Highest ahitude, daylight, Immediate opering, group of 3 (Bulgario) 11,573 meters Highest altitude, sight, immodiote eperina, arcup of 3 (Bulgaric) 12308 moter: Highest altitude, doyligt, immediate opening, grovp of 9 (USSR) 12.245 meters Highest olitde, sight, immediote opening, group of 9 (USSF) 122391 meter, Longeit free fll, deylight group of & (USSR) 14245 motor Longest free fall, night, group of & (USSR) 13,543 motors Longest free fll, doylight, group of 8 (USSR) 10485 motors Longest free fll, night, group of 7 (USSR) 1OA13 motors Lengest free fall, daylight, group of 9 (USSR) MAE7 meters Lengett free fall, night, group of © (USSR) 11398 motors GROUP ACCURACY RECORDS — IMMEDIATE OPENING 400 meters oylight, group of 3 (USSR) 1 night, group of 3 (USSR) 186 Aight, group of 4 (USSR) 196, Aeyight, group of 5 (USSR) iM Aoylight, group of 7 (USSR) a2 night, group of 7 (USSR) 734 400 motes Preesion, daylight, group of 8 (France) 1539 sion, night, aroup of 8 (USSR) 1084 Geylight. group of 9 (USSR) 503 1600 mater: deyight, group of 3 (USSR) 130 1000 meters night, group of 3 (USSR) 9a 1000 moter 7.88 246 daylight group of 7 (Romania) 7.136 meters right, greup of 7 (USSR) 1449 retort dyight, group of 8 (USSR) 7.39 meters night. greup of 8 (USSR) 1872 motors deyBght, group of 9 (Bumonia) 7136 metare nights group of 9 (USSR) V4A6 motors sion, deylight, group of 3 (USSR) 2.51 motors Praccion, night, oreup oF 3 (Czechoslovakia) 311 meters Precision, deyight, group of 4 (USSR) 251 motore Predsion, degight, group of 5 (USSR) 251 motors Precision, daylight, group of 7 (USSR) 5:13 motes Precision, daylight, group of 9 (USSR) 742 meters Procsion. nigh. oroue of 9 (USED 1443 eters Precision, doyBght, group of 9 (Cxechosorekia) 4.82 motors Precision, nigh, group of 3 (USSR) 5:19 meters Protsin, daylight, group of 5 (USSR) 257 meters redsion, nigh, greup. ot 5 (USSR) vas ‘motors Precision, nigh, group of 9 (USSR) 26 Procsion, daylight, grovp of 8 (USSR) 5.50 Precision, daylight, group of 7 (USSR) 338 Procsion, daylight, group of 8 (USSR) 538 Pracston, daylight, group of 9 (USSR) 36 497GROUP ACCURACY RECORDS — DELAYED OPENING 500 motors Precision, daylight, group of 3 (USSR) 25) meters 600 meters Precision, night, group of 3 (Czecheslovakie) 575 meters 600 meters Precision, daylight, group of 4 (USSR) 2.51 meters 1000 motors Precision, daylight, group of 3 (USSR) 1.49 meters 1000 meters Pression, night, grovp of 3 (USSR) 1.94 meters 1000 meters Precision, daylight, aroup of 4 (USSR) 1.43 meters 1000 motors Precision, daylight, group of 5 (USSR) TAB meters 1000 meters Precision, night group of 5 (USSR) 3.61 meters 1000 meters Precision, daylight, group of 7 (USSR) 459 1500 motors Procsion, daylight, group of 3 (Ceechoslorakia) ry 308 1300 meters Precision, night, group of 3 (Bulgeria) we £1500 meters Precision, daylight, group of 4 (USA) 414 £1500 meters Precision, night, group of 4 (USA) 452 metere 1500 motors Precision, daylight, group of 5 (USSR) 6:28 meters 2000 meters Precision, night, group of 3 (Cascheslovaki 762 meters 2000 motors Precision, daylight, group of 5 (Czechoslovekia) 332 meters - WOMEN — INDIVIDUAL JUMPS Highest altitude, deylight, immedicte opening — Antonine Alimova (USSR). : 9,035 Highest atitede, night, immediate opening — Ruzena Rybova (Czechosloval 470 Longest free fall, daylight — Velentina Kouliche (USSR) 10,600 Longest free fll, night — ¥. Fovleva (USSR) uso {600 motors Procsion, doy rmediate oponing — Irina Sleveva (Cxscheslovahie) 0.60 meters 600 meters Precision, night, Inmedioie opening — Vera Zoubove (USSR) 222 meters {600 meters Precision, doylight, delayed opening — Ruzena Rybova (Czechoslovakia) 1.87 meters 600 meters Precision, night, delayed opening — Eva Hribalova (Czechoslovakio) 1072 meters 1000 meters Precision, daylight, inmediate openieg — Lidia Olefrova (USSR) 2.59 meters 1000 meters Precision, night, immediate opening — Marie Fetrova (Czecheslovakio) 503 meters 1000 metors Procision, daylight, delayed opening — A. Rstoso (Rumania) 172 ne 1000 meter! Predsion, night, delayed opening — Merle Starciuove (Ceeckotlevekia) 431 ters 1300 meters Precision, daylight, inmediate opening — E. Fros (Yugeslavia) 234 meters 1500 meters Precision, night, immediate opening — Ansa Bondareska (USSE) 1132 matore 1500 meters Procsion, daylight, daleyed epering — Joveia Naxeva (Ceechoslovehia) 10S meters 1500 meters Precision, night, delayed opening — R. Rybova (Czscheslovabic) 19.06 eters 2100 motore Procsin, dnligh, immediate opening — A. Zuberske (Caechotleveh'e] 0.96 mtere 2000 meters Pretsion, night, immediate opening, & Viawove (USER) W791 eters 2000 maters Protision, daylight, delayed pening — M. Mezacova (Cascheslovatie) 427 meters GROUP JUMPING RECORDS Highest ebttude, deylioht, immediate opening, group of 2 (USSR) oro Highest alitode, night, immediate 9.404 Highest cltitude, daylight, immedi 6320 meters Longest free fll, daylight, group of 9 (USSR) 9.725 meters Longest free fall, night, grous of 9 (USSR) 91091 motors Longest froe fall, night, group of 4 (USSR) 7,051 meters Longest free fll, daylight, group of 5 (USSR) 6500 GROUP ACCURACY RECORDS — IMMEDIATE OPENING 100 mars lnglight, grr af 2 (Boman 529 £00 motors right, group of 3 (USSR) 136 600 meters Precision, daylight, group of 4 (Rumania) 3.425 600 meters Precision, night, group of 4 (USSR) s 1396 600 motors Precision, night, group of 5 (USSR) 2357 1000 mates reign, dota, arup of 3 (USSR 230 meters 1000 sion, night, aroup of 3 (USSE) 538 meters 1000 ton, night, group of 4 (USSE) 7.20 meters 1000 Predsion, night, group of 5 (East Germany) 9.87 meters 1500 Precision, daylight, group of 3 (USSR) 278 1500 night, group of 3 (USSR) 1229 meters 1500 meters Precision, daylight, group of 3 (USS8) 1749 meters 2000 motors Precision, daylight, group of 3 (Czechoslovakia) 432 meters GROUP ACCURACY RECORDS — DELAYED OPENING 600 meters Precision, daylight, group of 9 (USSR) 0.21 meters 1000 motors Precision, daylight, group of 3 (USSR) 11.63 meters 1009 motors Procision, night, group of 3 (Czschesovali) 412 meters 1500 meters Precision, daylight, group of 3 (USSR) 7.07 meters (fecords marked * fest world records corified fo the United States. Phoenix, Aritene, November, 1961. titel, Joly, Pond, Senborn.) a‘The young man above is smiling, He hhas just jumped from the opea door of an aircraft dying, over Orange Airport ‘Becwcen him and che sand stadium is a mile of open sky. It belongs to. him. ‘Through ic he will feee fall for twenty seconds before opening his parachute. He can alide, turn, loop, or just relax on the cushion of air and enjoy he panorama below. No wonder he is smiling! Since 1959 over 18,000 parachute jumps have been made at Orange Sport Para- huting Conter, 2,400 of chem by be- sinners graduating fiom che three-hour Firse Jump Course. (The Piet Jump ‘Course is xiven daily and coss, complete, aly thirty dollars.) OF the 45 student injuries, che worse was a frscrare, the Feast was @ bruise Orange is the world’s most famous pars huting center. Therefore, the airpore was chosen as the sive of she Sixth Wold Parachuting Championship, ‘Orange Sport Parachuting Center is open seven days « week from April until No- vember. The Center is open righe now. If you think you'd like ro own some of the sky above, come on over. We sell sraviry. Ie doese't cost much. You will smile, or even laugh out loud at the exhilacaion of parachuting. Ie puts all ther sports ro shame, After parachuting celebrate with good food and good company at The Ine At Orange. 1's up on the hill overlooking the Airpore. Everybody will be there Parachates Incorporated, who founded the Orange Sport Parachuting Center, will open a second gravity market io New Jersey this fall, The spoct is seally catching,CONDENSED RULES PURPOSES OF THE CHAMPIONSHIPS The purposes of the Championships are: —the eward of the titles of World Parachuting Cham- picn to individuals and teams (men and women separately), —the establishment of new International records, Ihe popularization of the exchange of exper sport perachuting, =the strengthening of friendship between sportsmen of the porticipating countries ort porachuting, nce acquired in the field of MANAGEMENT OF THE CHAMPIONSHIPS The Parachute Club of America, on behalf of the National Aeronautic Association has been charged by the ALI to organize and manage the Werld Pare chuting Chempionships ef 1962. The performances achieved during the Chempienships will be judged by @ panel of at least 9 judges chosen from the official list of judgos by the FALL All disputes and complaints which cennot be amicably settled betwean the organizers and the participants at the Championships shall be submitted for decision to ‘an International Jury made up of those members of the International Porachutina Committee of the FA. who are present at the Championships Teon-leaders or coaches in collaboration with the organizers of the Championships shall together, form an International Commitiee for the purpese of settling all matters of organi ion euch os changes in the pro- gram, cancellation of events, otc., which are of con- com fo all teams. This International Committee in no way takes the place of the Intemational Jury. PARTICIPATION IN THE CHAMPIONSHIPS Each member of the F.A.l. may send 2 teams to the Championships; @ men’s team of 5 persons and a ‘women’s team of 4 persons, who mey take pert in the individual and toam events Group jumps will be made by 4 mon and 3 wemon. After the beginning of tha Chempionships additions to or replacements for tho teoms mey not be mode, coven in the cate of injuries. ‘A country which has entered may take part evon if it is represented by only ono person. In this case the porson may teke part only in individual jump events. Participants must be at least 18 years of age. MATERIAL CONDITIONS The parachutes may be of any type provided they have been opproved by the competent national au- 29 thorities. The perachute must have a meximum spsed of descent of 6/2 meters/second when tested with ‘weight of 100 kilograms (equal to 14/2 miles per hour with © weight of 220 pounds), TECHNICAL CONDITIONS The Championships shall be interrupted if the wind speed ot ground level rises above 7 meters/second for men (equel to 15.7 miles perhour) end 6 meters/ second for women (equal to 13.4 miles per hour). The direction of the wind shall be indicated by smoke generator which must be situated ot a distance of at least 100 meters dewn wind from the center of the eras. The speed of the wind in meters per second shall be shown on special panels, spread on the round. Before the beginning of each event, or ofter there has been an interruption in the Championships caused by excessive wind speed or by on important change in wind direction (45 degrees or more), ¢ test drop shall be made with o dummy attached to @ circular par chute; the test parachute shell be relecsed directly ‘above the torget cross and shall be fixed to the ‘round ot the place where it londs. Excopt in the cote of the style event, the, order of ‘team jumps shall be determined for each event by drawing lots. (On jumps with delayed opening the parachute must be opereted manually. The parachute must be completely open at a minimum of 400 meters above the ground (about 1300 feet). IF it is not, the competitor shall be eliminated from the event. In jumps for precision of landina the point of first con- sact of the porachutis’s feet with the ground shall be marked by @ flog. The distance from the lag to the center of the circle shell be the measure of the per- formance of the jump. There shall be @ one meter penalty if first contact is with any other port of the body. ‘@) If, in the event of danger, @ parachutist uses his reserve porachute, the judge may, if satisfied that a dangerous situation exists, allow him 19 make another juny, excep i bb) The competitor may, if he wishes, open both pare- chutes during his descent. €) if two competitors during individual jumps descend ie style event. simulteneously onto the target, ond thus foul one an- other, the judges may allow ecch of them to make a second jump at the end of the event.plus ono or two foam events. MEETS ARE SCORED International meets are generally based on throe idual events and an individual overall score Individual events are broken down into two landing accuracy events and one style event. The team events are scored only on the team average for accuracy of landing. ACCURACY EVENTS EVENT I: Porachutst is credited with 200 points on contaring cirerat. Jump made from 1060 meters (2800 fect), Jumpor delayt up to 10 cocondle from time of riceralt exit until parnchite npening Iaeee 50 pointe for exceeding 10 seconds delay. Loses opproximately 2 points per meter for each meter away from center of target on landing, Three of four jumps ore scored. EVENT Il: Farochutist is credited with 200 points fon entering ircraft. Jump made from 1500 meters (5400 feet), Jumper deloys up to 21 seconds prior to ‘opening parachute. Lotor 50 points for opening para- chute prior to the 15th second or after 2st second. Loses approximately 2 points for each merer away from center of target on landing. Three of four jumps core scored. STYLE EVENT EVENT Ill: Jumper awarded 200 points entering circrait. Jumps from 2000 meters (6600 fee!) on graded during fall on style and aerial maneuvers dur- ing delayed fall. No landing accuracy points are ‘warded. Contestant doporis aircraft on fixed ground signal. After the parachutist leaves the plane a visual ‘round signal is disployed for 5 seconds which indi cates one of three pre-determined series of maneuvers the jumper must execute. Contestant is then required to execute proper maneuver sequence of 360 degree tums and beck loops os fest and smoothly as possible: within 20 eoconde. For completing the eerier under 20, seconds, 5 bonus points are awarded for each second under 20 seconds. He loses 10 points for each second late offer the 20th second. Points are deducted al:o, during the maneuvers, for failure to complete turns or loops, over-shooting tums or loops, loss of control, ‘exceeding 30 seconds, etc. a1 TEAM EVENTS EVENT IV: 1000 meter (3300 feet), 4 man (3 wom- fen) feam accuracy jump. Judged on accuracy of land- ing only. All distances are averaged for @ total team score. Two of threo jumpe seared. EVENT V: 1500 meters (5400 feet), 4 man (3 wom- en) team aceuracy jump, Judged on aceuracy of land: ing only. All cistences are averaged for a total tear score, Two of three jumps scored WINNERS jdual Event Winners: The contostent with the highest number of poinis in that event. Overall: Individual scores for events 1, l, ond Ill aro added together, the winner being the individvel with the lergest number of points. Team: Team with the greatest number of points for the group jumps together with the best scores of tho four best men and the best scores of the three best women in the individual events. =e t pera | Digitol Exviphent Corporation's “PDP computer provides instant Informatie ist 1) rin a , zv Vion! c| mivirua avaro = + it ma aa (na chal sae i zeal ¢ a = — a == [reset = a ior ieee ea eae ATCT eerste. pet cache Te ia firs aru z r 5 i= i 7 2 LE — L — 4 onunara - hee ESAes =| +] senna" == | eae Tigra = (eae a — + onienant - t - = = = = {| wnowonossa i nl = asl 7 Theatr S Poa * = ¢ vaynvo = - 2 i festa] 7EEee —_ =A = | = 2] wnvoine so onvana¥ smraota (aes a = | + 4 cr a wos == [= z $ eae as r € vaso ean E z t a Ee e = 3 y = rath ae Lt | vnvusny, ‘a Et z 1 exons || sinica | pe [oe [sa | ae | ww et | sia [ae [ar [pe | ee [a awwn | ANINNOD xo |] Tro INEAT aun ANE ani INGAT 1884 Saannanyw ssoow ost — s2vun22¥ Hso1ew 0001 — sovuno>¥ SdWAT IVNGIAIGNI S,NaWvinyasoona 4o dnenaza smuozd warais 1} voraawy 30 suivas a2inn onymnazins Nives ‘yoray Hines ‘si1403 | atings 20 on L 2] z t vives onanaas sadozd HsNIOd envivaz man SE al ence vnioa Nvave avast anyaRee ere 40 oitaneay sidoas waaa2 voRawy 40 suyis caiNA onaners asrivizos listx0s 40 Noma rtanaza saieors NvINvwne itanaay sridoad HsI104 anya nae ona aHL oranar Asnvpos dwaorsoHDaz vavnvo vwravorne 10 ditanaay sateors wars vrusny =|-\so|-|-e bel slels |= wriwaisay onianvis |] sinios || sa [aa [pez [mr [fsa [ a | pe | mz | mf su | = | ee | pz miywano |} qyio1 INTAS OMT INGA? GNODEE aNGAR Isa 24ov0w OOF — swsannanvw jew oosi — xzvannov svoiew 0001 — Aavundav : 7aMANAOD SdWOP 1VNGIAIGNI S$,NIWOMWIAVISODNA 4O >ITandgy S¥idOad Iveaaas voRaWY 40 Saivis GalINn ONVTaZLIMS Nivas oienaa’ 4srvis0s 43IA0$_4O_NOINN oranda Sa1d03d_HSI10d NVIwaZ MaN Tavasi GNVIRU Nivinia 1wayo ANUWS Miandad HONatd aHL ongndaa isivi20s MVAO1SOHDaZ> vavNy> viuvoina 10 anand’ _siido3d wot vrusay viiveisny oNianvis TAIAC SINICd wiol [sswoeTewneas[ wy [2s [me [i [fines [aware] ay | ee [pe "910M O051_— ANIA GNODIS 5:010W 0001 —_ANIAG AS¥Ld was SdwWnfr ADVUNDZV dNOYS s,NIWvoRaWwy 40 Salvis GalINn onanaia Asmvioos 4IA05 10 NOINN onanday Sa1d03d NVINVWNY onignaay ga1d0ad HSI10d Nvaaut oliandya HONatd SHL rgnaza asiivisos dIWVAOISOH3Z> vayNv> vRivoind 40 I orignead saidoad vidisay ONIaNYIS SINIoa sanioa Jaworza] pee | ove | 41 [fsintios faworae] pee | pez wat TAO, wick S191eW OOSL_— 1N3AI GNODIS saoiew 000k — INIA Auld SdWMf ADWANDIV dNOUD S,NIWOMTravel by Air Why nor? Air travel is cool. (Ask any jumper.) And refreshing. (Ditto,) And there's always lots of air available. (Below about 30,000 feet.) That's why Volkswagen (ihe official car 7 ot the Sixth World Sport Parachuting Championship) is air-cooled. Why not iry air travel some time? By Volkswagen, i's eco- nomical as well. 32 miles rer gallon under normal driving conditions. Even better In free fall.What you should know about the remarkable reliability of KLM—and its services to every continent on earth Many experienced travelers believe that the dependable Dutch have made KLM the most reliable of all airlines. Read these 12 remarkable facts about KLM Royal Dutch Airlines. 1. KLM files an average of 133,000 miles every day. The equivalent of S times around the earth. Or about half way to the moon, 2. In the US., KLM takes off from New York, Houston and Miami. And flies to more than a hundred cities in 68 countries, 3. KLM was the first European airline authorized by the Pedetel Aviat Agency to overhaul planes for US. a lines without further inspection. 4. KLM is pre-eminent in jet mainte- nance. KLM crews were servicing NATO jets years before the first jet- Tiners went into transatlantic service. 5.KLM’s head chefs in Amsterdam and New York were the first airline chefs ever admitted to the Contrérie de la Chain des Rétisseurs, a French culi- nary society founded in 1246. No language problem 6.Every KLM steward and stewardess ‘must speak at least /our languages each, ‘7.KLM has more than a hundred cargo agents in the US. alone, ©, KLM is one of the world’s largest carriers of freight. On-time delivery is so consistent, an independent insurance company insures against delay. 9. Two recent cargoes carried by KLM were paintings by Vincent van Gogh, and 1,387,000 Ibs. of insecticide to fight a plague in Egypt 10. KLM is a leader in group lights. When ‘My Fair Lady’ went to Moscow, the cast and settings flew there in eight KLM planes, A world record, 41. KLM also flew the largest consign ment of animals in one plane: 1 tiger, ‘S lephants, 2 tapirs, 4 bears, 425 mon keys and 10,000 birds, KLM has spe~ cial animal handlers. They are trained at 2005, andl advised by professors of Utrecht University. Tax-free shopping 42. The tax-free shopping center at Am- slerdam Airpostis one of the biggest ia Europe. You can buy cameras, watehes, perfumes, and 150 brands of liquor Often at less than half what you pay in the U.S. You can even buy tax-free cars. At savings up to $3,000, 4Y {600 Fifth Avenue ‘New York 17, New Yorkadeaied? aeapiue ety 5 Pes a : i oe EGE AUR: ie t yy lesday# Woes GES Loe i ai EG DS or OS is 9 OOSWHAT HAPPENS IN 12 “he floats thru the air...” ‘Adis DARYL HENRY Iris sometimes scid that a parachutist con do every: thing that an airplane con do excopt “go back up.” To @ certain extent this is true: as an airplane makes tums, s0 then, doos the jumper. By increasing and decreasing resistance to the air with his body, the parachutist may perform moneuvers such as turns, front and back loops, barrel rolls, etc. “Stylo” refers to these meneuvers ond figures done inthe air before the parachute i opened (much the same as in springboard diving). Alter the contestont has left the aircraft he receives a visual signal from the ground, lasting five seconds ond indicating the moneuvers that the contestont must perform. Points, batically, are awarded for speed and style; points tare deducted for lack of stobility, failure 'o step on the established headings, and for exceeding time lim itations. The series of maneuvers that constitutes the style event of the Sixth World Championships consists generally of w sumples of four alternating 360-degree turns ‘and two backward loops. Figures 1, 2, and 2 illustrate the ground signals as seen by the porachutist after his exit from the oircratt, cand indicate which sequence of maneuvers he must perform, The jumper may begin the moneuvers ot any time aftor rocegnizing the signal; however, the figures must be completed within 20 seconds. For completing the specified maneuvers in less than 20 seconds the contestant is awarded bonus poinis at the rate of five 's per second or portion thereof. Conversely, 10 's are deducted for each second in oxcess of the 20 second limit. The large drawing illusirates @ mon executing man- ewer series umber 2 (Fig. 2). The aisciuff, Myiny ut ‘an altitude of 2000 meters (6600 ft), posses over the ground signol systom. The parachutist leaves the air- craft, and after recognizing the ground signal begins to execute the corresponding maneuvers. In this example the first 360-degroe turn (spiral) is done to the right (A). Upon completion of the first turn and after establishing the heading of the signel, the contestant then executes @ 360-degree turn to the left (B). The backward loop (C) is then executed. The third turn is mede to the right (D), and the fourth turn to the left (E). Upon completion af the final backward loop (F), the parachutist assumes a face-to-earth po- sition until time for the opening of the parachuto, which must be between the 25ih and 30th second, 4s 1 } Oo @ 1st GROUP SEQUENCE Ind GROUP SEQUENCE @ 3rd GROUP SEQUENCE Left Spite ight Spiral eft Spiral he Spiral Loft Seieal Bight Spat Bock Loop Bock Loop Back Loop, Lit Spiel Right Spiel Right Spiral aft Spiral att Spiral Back Locp Back LoepTHE "STYLE” EVENTS Two style jumps will be made by each contestant dur- ing the competition, The maximum number of points which con bo oarnod for each jump iz 200, plu: bonus points, Accuracy of landing is not scored; the para chutist moy land anywhere he chooses. As you may hove noticed the style event becomes more difficult end complicated thon one would ot first imagine. Perfecting the moneuvers requires constant practice, not only to reduce the time taken to com- plete the maneuvers — but also to meintain the high degree of precision nocessary to establish heedings nd stability. With free-fall maneuvering, the world of the para- chulist takes on new meaning. Nu longer is the In ling body on inanimate form, but rather, it is man — in complete control, free in space, his senses exposed fo the new sensations of free flight. Porachuting, the sport of space, for the age of space. 2000 nees FEV) - — 7 ieee i } wee 8 30 secouoy | Bice LooP 600 menses,THE F.A.I. And N.A.A. FEDERATION AERONAUTIQUE INTERNATIONALE From: NAA Magazine, May 1961 ive fy: Raloh V. Whitaner, Executive Direcior, NAA Unlike some present-day instruments of international cooperation and understanding, the Federation Aero- nautique Internetionele (F.A.|)) hos chalked up on impressive record of more wins than losses, or draws, Since its founding on October 14, 1905, by the com- bined efforts of a Frenchman, @ Belgian and a Ger- man, this world-wide organization to promote friend- ship and progress through flying hos olways had a strong international character. The list of FALL, mem- ber-nations has arown from eiaht founding counts of which the United States was one, to 45 today, with an additional seven ‘associate’ member countr FALL groups into one internotionel body the National ‘Aero Clubs throughout the world and coordinates the separate effons of many nations. Its purpose is the world-wide development of aeronautics by: —moking evident the essentially international spicit ‘of aeroncutics os « powerful instrument for uniting the peoples of the world; — encouraging and developing solidarity and mutual ‘essistonce in the field of aeroneuties among nations ‘of the world: — studying, formulating and defending all principles ‘ond ideas beneficial 1o the progress of aerial navi- golion; negotiating with the authorities concerned for the removal of obstacles which impede tho progress of cerial traffic; —stimulating, by every means in i aviation, aviation sport and air 10 ensuring, through international regulations, the control ond. comperison of cerial performances throughout the world. thus contributing ta progrose in aeronautical construction. power, private ‘The National Aeronautic Association is the United States member of FA. and, as such, is responsible for the conduct of aviation activities in this country in accordance with the rules and policies of the F.Ad. NALA. is the only orgonization in the United Stotes that can officially senction and cently record flights, both civilian and military. The conference table is the chief tool used by the FAL. to develop and approve mutually acceptable rules ond procedures for the conduct of all types of aviction activities — be it air touring, soaring, bal- looning, parachuting or aoromodeling — ond whother it be for personcl pleasure, to win a race, or to set 1 record. Differences of opinion among F.AI. mem- bers are always cired. ond usually seitled. at the con- ference table. Once a year, always in a different country, delegates ‘of the member aero clubs meet in General Conference to discuss and oct on agenda itoms submited by the 1s members. Some items are approved with ease, others require long and tedious debato, Fow items are tabled — “settle it now” seems to be the preferred order of the day. Between General Conferences, the affairs of FALL. are conducted ot meetings of eleven international com- nities — aerobatics, aeromodeling, oir touting, a3 Tranutics, bellooning, education, Relicopters, med sine, parechuting, soaring, and sporting aviation, Some of these meetings last one day, others may toke three. Eoch member aero club is entitled to send a delegate to each committee meeting. Alternatés ond observers are permissible. The serious business of discussing, revising and finelly ‘agreeing upon regulations and standards of perform- ‘ence tha! will be used to measure new flight focords ‘anywhere on earth — and now in outer space — re- quires precise thinking and imaginative planning. These thoughts and plans must always keep up with the times, with the day-to-dey developments in both ‘eronautical ond asironautical sciences. Any cloim must be thoroughly documented and must prove beyond any doubt that the fight wos mode when, where and how the claim reads. This proof rust be furnished F.A.. in black and white. t remains on file at FAL. headquarters in Paris available for inspection by any member ot any time. “Open inspac- tion" is nothing new with F.A.L., it has been the policy since the beginning. This procedure, which is based en proof with inspoction, plus the oir of mutval respect that prevails ot the meetings of the Federation Aero- naviique Internationale, could be the reason why FA\l. delegates have a better record of wins at the international conference table than the diplomatic delegates from the same notions. aHISTORY OF N.A.A. From: NAA Magezine, May 1961 issue By: Flint ©. DuPre ‘The Notional Aeronautic Associction has launched its ‘own new frontier, stcking claim to a vigorous aviation ‘ond aerospace program keyed to the new demands of the space age. This foresighted organization re- grouped in November of 1960 fer a fresh outlook ‘and o new approach to tho advancement of the art ‘ond science of aviation and space fights. NAA leaders — all outstanding men and women in the specialized field of aeronautics, missilory ond space exploration — are interested in onything that flies, be it through the atmosphere or into outer space NAA hos pledged renowed interest in uid wsistarice to our Nation's aerospace programs, both miltry ‘ond civilian, NAA’s heritage dates back 10 the ecrliest days of avi ction, when man once flew no greater distonce than the wingspan of c modern jet bomber, and at speeds now considered @ dog-trot. The organization is best known, both in the industry ond to the public, as the officiel timer end documenter of record-making ovio~ tion events. In this capacity, NAA is the United States roprosentative of the Federation Aeronautique Inter- rationale. NAA, with special instruments installed on the oir croft and its representatives personelly on hand when speed, alitude and distance fights are made, has ob- tained correct information from the early 1920's, when Jimmy Doolittle was king of most speed runs, 10 the Present jets flying at speeds of Mach 2. When the gient 8.70 flies theo or fovr times the speed of sound, NAA will be on hand fo outhenticate its place in his: tory. Nex! to record flights, NAA is known for its adminis- tration of sich coveted avintinn aworde oc the Robert J. Collier Trophy, presented traditionally by the Pres- ident of the United Siaes at the White House; the Wright Bros. Memorial Trophy, presented eoch De- cember in Washington on the anniversary of the Wright Brothers! famed Kitty Hawk flight, ond the Fronk G. Brewer Trophy, given each year for distin- guished service to youth eviation educction, Putting the official teal on record fights, administer: ing awords and fostering youth knowledge in the air age aro only three of NAA’ principal abjactives. Two others carry a terrific weight of responsibility into the 1960's. One, “to keep the public informed on the im- portance of aviation and space flight to national se curity, economic progress and internotionel under standing,” is a heavy mandate. The second, “calling for © sound national program, designed to keop the 4a In CIVIL AVIATION 11962 United States first in aviation ond space Fights,” ties in closely to the fist NAA lso stimulates ond encourages competition through such evens us Git vullies, russ-country races, tend endurance fights — all important tests of pilot skill and machine eapebilty. This transcends to world competitions. NAA is no fledgling in the rapidly expanding aviation fiold. Actually it is the oldest independent, nen-profit national aviation organization in the United States. 11 was chartered in 1922 a the Netional Aeronautic Association, but it was functioning as early as 1905 — two years after the Wright Brothers made history's first powered flight — os the Aero Club of America, con organization deunted tn puking upward inte the heaven: even before man hed mostered the peril of automobile trevel clong the rugged streets ard high: woys. By 1922, the Aero Club gave wey to the more comprohensive national public service aviation organ- izotion, and NAA came into being. One of the nine original members of NAA was Glenn L. Martin. Wil liam P. MacCracken, Jr., chaired the NAA organiza- tion meeting in Detroit in 1922, ond is still active in NAA as Generel Counsel end Vice-President / TaiHOW YOU CAN LEARN PARACHUTING ‘As more and more people turn to the new “Sport of Space," local parachute clubs and commercial jump- ing centers have grown up to serve the new para- chutist. Information on these operotions is available from the Parachute Club of America (Box 409, Mon- terey, Colifornia). If you are among the thousands who have wondered, “how con I get in?” — the P.C.A. office will be hoppy to give you more information, ‘Above all, remember this: never, never trust your- self to on unqualified parachute instructor. There are several good places te parachute: Orange, Mass. Houston, Texes; Elsinore, Calif.; and New Jer- sey, among others — and there are hundreds of pora- cchuting clubs. A typical course of instruction at o commerciol center might follow this one, as presented by Parachutes Inc, ot Orange: The First Jump Course, in just three hours, launches ‘you on your first stot line jump (the porachute opens ‘utomatically). Designed to teach © unique skill with confidence, the First Jump Course packege includes all equipment (except athletic socks) as well as ir craft and instruction tickets. Training covers the theo- refical lecture, film, oir and ground instruction and cfter-jump class. Each gradvote receives the First Jump Diploma. After First Jump Course you can make a Second Jump. cn the same day, You will begin the First Free Fall Course on your thir jump. The instruction for this course covers on unlim- ited number of jumps including your first free fall. A nninimum of five stable static line jumps is required before advancing to free fall. Insiruction is given one hour prior te flight departure when students holding roserved seats are assombled on the Flight Line. ‘Once you have made your frst free fall you are ready for individual Lessons in the subject of your choice. ‘You'll want to learn how to steer to the target without being talked down. You can elso learn to pack your own perachute, or to make, controlled contact in free fall.Combines the fearures of accurate time, altieude and weather forecast on one single dial Parachutists at an instant glance can determine time to the second — altitude in feet or meters. Considering its mumerous functions, the Favre-Leuba “Bivouac” Baro-Altimeter Watch is not complicaed in use. By turning the revolving outer rim to a given known height, the altimeter is chen regulated to the starting point, From that point on and without fucther turning of the outer rim, the red indicator hand gives at any moment the altitude of the place where one happens to be. In much the same way, and by referring to the barometric scale of the watch, mean and truc horametric pressure can bo determined. By observing the movement of the indicator hand over « given pe- riod of time, good or bad weather may be forecast. ‘Write to the AVR 665 FIFTH AVENUE - NEW YORK 22, N.Y. FAVRE-LEUBA presents THE VANGUARD OF THEIR TECHNICAL CREATIONS THE “BIVOUAC” WRIST WATCH ALTIMETER - BAROMETER ‘The Favre-Leuba “Bivouac” Watch has been created to withstand the rigors of sport enthusists, It has a spe- cially designed stainless steel case for rugged outdoor use. The shock-protected 17-jewels movement is tra- ditionally Pavre-Leuba — eaucwely depeudeut — enduringly accurate. The “Bivouac” wrist-watch is the ideal watch for sportsmen: parachutists, sport pilots, glider pilots, skiers, mountaineers, campers, hikers, al Can also be wonderfully helpful co those people who by necessity must care for their hearts, THE WRIST-WATCH WITH A BRAIN AT THE SERVICE OF MODERN PEOPLE, Price $120.00 Federal Tax Included. Information and technical pamphlet available on request. FACTORIES: GENEVA-FLEURIER SWITZERLAND “EU BA watcn & CHRONOMETER CO, ING FOUNDED 1815 Patents by Favre-Leuba applied for PLaza 3-545‘ia Everything for the Skydiver compat ne Sed Ste fadny or your Pct Se Caos of aut Sort Parting McElfish Parachute Service 2615 Love Fiald Dr. Dalle 25, Toxse Phone: Fleatwood 1-5343 Besi Wishes Joe Crane President P. C. A. RESTAURANT ‘COCKTAIL LOUNGE Deficinas A wee Yankee Food 5 in a Beautiful Rustic Setting Nine Dining Rooms ALI aol RUTH FOSTER ‘Sering Contiououity every day. 7330.10 1609 p.. “elgptone Weronaser ‘TRemoat 45941 Westminster, Massachusetts Jat off Route 2.00 2A becween Fitchburg and Gardner MA ALDEN’‘S RESTAURANT ROUTE 2A IN ERVING Just © ten minute ride from the airport on Route 2A — toward Greenfield OPEN FROM 6 A.M. TO 12 MIDNIGHT EXCELLENT HOME COOKED FOOD Informal atmosphere, with full and extensive menu choice Featuring special breekfests ond light lunches = te full course meals BEER and WINE SERVED Ki 4-3735 aSOUND FOR THE CHAMPIONSHIPS BY Warren’s Sound Service no job too small or too large Industrial and Commercial Sound and Communications RENTALS, =- REPAIRS 112 AVENUE A Automatic Telephone Answering TURNERS FALLS, MASSACHUSETTS UN 3-4870 Chipwich Corporation OFFICIAL CATERERS AND CONCESSIONAIRES, CHESHIRE Area Code 203 CONNECTICUT BRowning 2-5358 a7Once you have decided 10 become a parachutist, the hardest job that you will have is to anawer your fives question, “Why?". There are a many answers to this Question as there ore parachutsis ond more ore anti cipoted as sport parachuting becomes more and more popular throughout the United States. Why da Vinci designed his payochute, or Veranzio jumped from © Venition tower, or the Montgolfier brothers went up in balloons with homemade para- chutes, or Perry and Morton jumped from the first cir- planes is an intangible that probably will remain un- defined. Many psychologists will explain these deeds by the fect that men have needs and compulsions and that in doing certain things thess need: are satisfied. However, what were the needs of these men? Cer- tainly, in addition to their needs and compulsions, thete wos an undying spirit of adventure . . thing thét challenged them! And when one becomes acquainted with any group of parachulisis today, @ spirit of odventure and challenge, not unlike these udventurers uf yesiea yeur, isu airkingly predominate charocte So let it sufice to say that parcchuting is en odven- ture... thrilling adventure which is os stimulot and challenging and rewarding as any yet devised in ‘our modem age. ‘Awakening on tho morning of your first jump, thore ie ‘a shorp awareness within you thot teday is different. Ar once you are excited, eager, tense and alert, but otrvanlly shir wind, pet laps, a coffes tastes extre good while the usual eggs and ie 1wv Losvul. The bacon seem too much to eet, even though you ore hungry. ©n the way to the airport you notice things like the litle fags in the filling stations fluttering in the wind (end you subconsciously compute the wind speed ot YOUR FIRST JUMP three to five les per hourl), thot the tops of the trees ing very much (this is good!), that the slight morning mist has already burnt off but there is still © good deal of humidity in the air (the better 10 ease you down with . ..), and that ife a beautiful day and a beautiful day for jumping! are not jeld you wheel into the parking slot, turn n, peuse slightly, thinking momentarily, that maybe you'd better train just a little more? ? ? ? Nope! Dismount from the car, slam the door, and turn to face the silvery line of aireraft perked on the hard- stand. As you approach the airstrip the jump aircraft is warming up and you can see the neat row of paro- chutes loid out beside it. Your confidence rises as the jumpmaster greeis you, and other students, busy with their jump equipment, woleame you to their group. To take the edge off everyone the instructor runs the group through @ few side straddle heps and arch ex- excises and then calls off the flight order of jumping. You are number one on the fist fight. . ..« position eamed by being a fast learner end working herd through the ground training. ‘And this around trainina now pays off as you almost automatically go cbout checking the equipment. Fist the back pack, thon harness, links, fasteners, stetic line, pins, reserve chute, helmet, straps, goggles, boots tightly laced . . . everything's OK. The order to don equipment comes and automatically you fling the vest-like pack over your shoulders and slide into the harness, quickly connecting the fasteners. The jumpmasier then checks you out from head to 100s, front end back, and taps your helmet signifying that the equipment is correct As you move toward the plane butterfies develop in your stomach and your lags soem to noed « litle more ‘vidance than normal. Climbing into the plane and settling into your sect, the dry fear and doubt lessens ‘and you become aware of every movement, each jumper's comments, ond the dotails that the jump- master is telling you... “temember, head back and arch, spread yourself wide, count slowly. . . don't Inside the plane the crowding by other jumpers makes everything seem more friendly and familiar and the number two jumper storts « nervous banter which goes back end forth os you taxi fo the take-off position. Sect belts fastened, the plane lunges down the run- way and almost immediately you're airborne at last.ING ADVENTURE As altitude is gained the early moming city below you becomes rediant and clean, greens and browne blond- ing together and the streets and houses have neat, serubbed look, Here and'there kids look up and wave ‘ond the jumpmaster in the open door waves back. Coming now over the target at twenty-two hundred feet you watch the instructor lean out and correct th pilot's approach heading, fing his wind streamer out into thé blast, and then silently wotch tt until it has landed. He then selects the exec! point over which he will tell you to jump from the aircraft, directs the pilot, ‘and then beckons you to sit in the open doorway! Suddenly you realize that the next action will be YOU, jumping from this aircraft . . . 2500 feet above the ground! Your heart chugs into a linle foster beat and your palims become slick against the cool metal as you look down on the mottled earth below. The plane levels off in a final target approach path, the jump- master makes ¢ last check of the static line, moves you ‘out onto the aircraft wheel, crouching, hands grasping the wing strut, and calls for the engine to be slowed, Braced under the wing of the plane, head forward into the cool prop wash you pause, face wrinkling from the wind force and blurring the ground detail below, coveralls being plucked at from @ thousand places, and notice the target below. Out here the de- tision hos been made . . . never to return to this air- craft again. Tense, every nerve tingling, the long awaited signal to jump seems like it will never come when suddenly, you feel a sting on your leg and o voice from far off shouts “Go!” Now! A slight hesita- tion . . . wondering... . “Did he top me?” Can | cdtvally DO itt Dazedly you feel the muscles of your forearms tighten over the strut, feet and legs suddenly throw them- selves out behind you, your body arches stifly into the wind, hands push away from the strut, and you're avay . . . falling, down, wind rushing, faster, falling, down, the earth moving below you, dropping . .. lat to the ground... watching it in the distance, know- ing that you're falling but feeling suspended, spread- eagled, high in the sky. The aircraft now fading slow- 'y, wind rushing past your helmet, falling . . . free, FREE... . for the firs time in your lifel Free, from the ‘earth or the machines above it... free to just lie there, face down, and watch the world go by! Counting! (don't forget to count . . . Slowly”). Falling, you dimly hear your voice... ”.. . one thousond, two thousand, three thousand, four thousand... Fi...” 49 And a3 the voice passes four thousand @ swishing sound comes from the parachute stringing out from kehind and, almost simultaneously, @ sharp tug, a blur, @ paich of color, the sound of a sheet being flapped tells you that you no longer fall free, that you ‘re swinging under an open chute. . . you are afloat. In a wave of triumphal emotion and relief you look vp to discover the most wonderful piece of colored nylon cloth ever beheld... «real guardian angel! As the swish of the opening parachute dios away a peculiar silence settles around you. ..6 total, strange silence broken only by the air whispering out of the canopy ven's. Now suspended from your two thousand foot perch, foot hanging limp into the greens below, the earth appears even more beautiful than from the plane. Afier looking over the scenery for avhile you remember that a lending will be next and you hur- riedly search for the target, check the drift, and ma- newver the parachute so as to get as close to the center as possible. As the ground slowly rises the jumpmaster’s instrve tions flash through your mind... “head up, fest to- gether, relaxt” Relax? Now you notice that the ground js not only coming up but itis also moving and you turn the parachute in order to ease the landing shock by facing into the wind. A voiee drifts from below... ... prepare to land.” Hore it comes! The greens and browns now blurring and blending under and toward You... prepare... you tense, relax, tense again, relox cgain ... where in hell is it! The horizon blurs the earth lunges... Wham .... you hit, jar, fall, roll, tumble, jump up, run around the canopy. pull suspension lines and risers, collapse i, then stand and look at the nylon now laying limp at your feet. Sud- denly you reclize that you ore on the ground again, safe, nothing hurts, you're breathing hard but you don't know why. . ond YOU jumped! You did it! Other jumpers run over to congratulate you and wel- come you to their ranks, pound your beck, and help roll up the nylon that served you so well. And you find yourself asking if you con go agoin today for cenothor jump . . ‘When the jumpmaster lands he sionals you the sought ‘fier thumbs-up sign indicating thar you did every- thing perfecily and thet you're cleared for the second jump. Immediotely you start planning .. .@ few more, then free falls! Lets GO! (Reprinted, with permbsion, from Sport Parachuting Bexic Hondhosk by R.A. Cunby) ©THE LANGUAGE Like all other groups of specialists, parachutists have strange sounding words in their vocobu- laries. It is most necessary that the novice become familiar with these terms in order to understand the workings of the parachute, to intelligenily communicate. with other jumpers, riggers and pi- lots, and particularly, to describe the actions of both himself and his parachute. These terms are listed in the general order of occurrence during @ jump. Student Parachutist: Person with less than 25 free and delayed falls. Parachutist: Person with 25 or more free and de. layed falls, including: 15 stable delayed falls of at least 10 seconds 5 stable delays, at least 20 seconds 1 stable delay, at least 30 seconds, ond landing within 50 yds. of target center on 5 jumps with delays of 20 or more seconds, and demon- strated ability to hold « given heading. Jumpmaster: ircratt, or the instructor in charge in the aircraft when jumping students. Normally the senior jumper in the Wind Streamer: A narrow length of weighted paper or cloth dropped prior to the jump to measure wind drift ond to assist in selecting the proper exit point. Spotting: Selecting the course to fly, directing the pilot and selecting the correct ground reference point over which to exit from the aircraft. Sky Diving: the art of exiting from an aircraft at @ high altitude, stabilizing the body during « free or delayed fall, executing various timed turns, rolls, ma- neuyers, and loops, safely opening the parachute at aigivan live: everiargivan ground) painiisend dhen manipulating the parachute £0 at to safely land on specific ground target. Sport Parachuting: The some as Sky Diving. Military Parachuting: Low altitude, static line, mass formation parachute jumping for specific tact cal purposes. Poised Exit: A departure from the aircraft where- in the jumper uses the sieps. wheels. and wing struts to brace on 0 assist in gaining o stable position im- mediotely as he leaves the aircraft Door Exit: A dive out of the aircraft without using ony braces, steps, wheels, or struts, to assist in going ing @ stable fall position on exit. Generally executed from larger and higher speed circraft. Free Falls Jumping from an aircraft without ony tachment between your parachute and the aircratt cond delaying the opening up to three seconds. The porachute deploys only when the jumper pulls the release or rip cord. Static Li The cord or webbing attached to parachute which is hooked to the aircraft and outo- matically pulls open the parachute when the jumper leaves the circroft. Dummy Rip Cord Pulls: A Static Line training jump wherein the siudent simulates the pull of @ rip cord by cetually pulling e dummy rip cord handle cettached to the harness for this purpose. Delayed Fall: A free fell over three seconds. Stable Fall Position: A face-to-carth, spread- eagled, arched, arms and fest spread, bedy position which keeps @ jumper from tuning, spinning, oF tum- bling in the oir.Frog Position: A modified stable fall position with less arch and with the arms and hends forming a “U" or “W" os opposed to being wide spread. Delta Position: A modified stoble fall position with the arms drawn back, similar to a delta winged circratt, Parachute: (French word: paro—meaning to guard egainst, chute-meaning « fall), An apparatus used in descending sofely through the air from a great height, particularly an aircraft. Umbrella like in form und rendered effective by the resistance vf the ir which expands it during the descent and then reduces the velocity of its motion. Pointing: Maneuvering the body during a delayed {all from the point of aircraft exit to the correct point over which to open the parachute. Turns: Moving the arms and body during delayed falls so a¢ to turn in the desired direction. Turns are figured ond discussed on the degrees of a complete rele. A half turn is a one-eighty, the full turn is a three-sixty. Two complete turns, one in each direction, is called a figure eight. Terminal Velocity: The greatest speed at which «@ body falls through the atmosphere (14.7 psi). Re- sistance of the cir overcoming the pull of gravity es- ablishes the approximate figure of 176 feet per see- ‘ond or 120 mph which is reached after 12 seconds of delayed fall. Relative Work: Two or more jumpers working to: ‘gether, during the delay period of a delayed fall, to execute coordinated body maneuvers, pass a baton, etc. Opening Point: The ground point of reference ‘over which the jumper opens his parachute to enoble him to drift onto the center of the ground target. 51 OF PARACHUTING "962 Rip Cord: The handle ond cord which holds the porachute closed until the jumper pulls it loose, there- by unlocking the beck pack ond permitting the para- uhute tw deploy. Opening Shock: the canopy i The tug felt by the jumper as Oscillation: A pendulum-like, tilting action of on infloted conopy during descent. Drift: caused by external wind ot internel escaping of cir through blank, oF open, gores or slots in the can: py. The movement of the parachute and jumper Slipping: Maneuvering the parachute by pulling ‘on certain control lines (risers) and slipping air out from underneath the hem or skirt of the canopy to quide its direction. Malfunction porachute. Any improper functioning of the Parachute Landing Foll (PL): The method of falling down on landing by which a jumper absorbs and spreads the landing shock on yorious parts of the body, thereby preventing injury. Carelessness: An act forbidden to porachutisis! Fichet: French term . . . the individual who marks the first point of contact of the parachutist on an accuracy event, Also refers to the marker itself Glissede: where the parochutist pulls down on the risers and/or Fronch term .. . @ control manouvor 1es ai distance of more than ene meter, suspension poriially deflating the canopy and increasing his rate of descent. “Zap: nis: in style for disorderly fall; in accuracy fer landing outside the 100 meter ‘irele Less uf all jx (Reprinted, vith permission, from Sport Forochuting Basie Hondbeak by R. A Gundy) ©1956 at Moscow Srd World Championship Ite, Captain Hoste SANBORN HOFFMAN STONE FAIR SHRAEGER, Plot 1958 at Bratislava, Czechoslovakia: 4th World Championship Kneeling PEARSON svaro rono Stenting WHITEHEAD, Plt 1960 at Sofia, Bulgeria Sth World Championship Koeoing ‘Miss oRAY ‘iss BUCK Sending FORTENRERRY ARENDER {B2YOON, Coptan PEARSON ATERPAST U. S. TEAMS And CAPTAINS JACQUES ANDRE ISTEL Coploin of US. Parachuting Team, 1956 ‘ts, Istol was been in Paris in 1929 ond became o United States citizen im 1951 ‘at Stony Br09k School and graduated from Princeton University in 1949. Ho carved a an infantry effect with the U.S. marine Corps as a levienont in Koree and is naw Commanding Oflcor of Reserve VTU (Intel) 1.11, Me. | ‘on investment barker. He was edvcat worked for these years at In 1957 Me. Ital founded Porechuter Incorporated and is President of the company fodoy. The firm designs storable petachutes which have boon purchesed by U.S. government genes and several friendly for- ign counivies. Porachutor Incorporated developed new atni 1 tech niques ond founded the fest sport porachuting centers in the US. AAs @ parachutist, Mr. Istel has made over 580 jumps and was Captain of the fist U.S. Parachuting Team which competed ot the Thied World Championship ie Moscow in 1956. He was leader end High Scorer of the 1998 US. Porachuting Tecm at the Werld Championship held in Brotslava, Czechoslovakia. He headed the U.S, Delegation to the 1960 World Championship in Sofa, Belgaria and in 1961 led the four-nen tecm from Parachstes Incorporated that won the frst two oficcl world parachuting records for the US. In 1940 Mr. Intel wos appointed Chair ‘mon of the Mossachusets Sport Parachating Commision, This work coin- cides with hit dotine ox the Presidont of the 1962 Sixth Werld Parachut ing Championship Commitee. AA Director of the Parachute Club of Americe and o member of the plete-Poople Sports Commiles, Mr. istel clio server ex permanent U.S. Delegate 40 the Intemational Perachuting Commission of the Fed- srctlen Aereneviiqne Intecnatione, bn 1950 Mes welved the high: ‘st U.S. porochoting award — the Leo Stovent Medal. He served os Chairman of the 1940 National Air Rally aad os Honorary Chairman of the 1962 Notional Convestion of the E2nd Airborne Division. ‘As on inventor, Mr. Itel holds several parachvte potent. Hie personal parachute, the fist United States sport parachste, is on permanent ex- [iit in the Notional Air Mucoum of the Smitheenian lnitvtien in Wash: ington, Bc. ‘As a writer, Mr. Itel has contributed to several magazines and to the Encyclopedia: Bit Book of Knowledge, jnnice, and 1 |, mhowe hobbies are skiing and fying, helds @ U.S. Commercial Pilot Licanso with multi-engine ond inetument ratirgs ot wll ax Con sion and French Pilot Certificates, He speaks Avent French and Spanish cond is on honorary member of several U.S. LEWIS BARTON SANBORN Coptoin of US. 1m, 1958 ‘Mr. Sanborn was bor in Clevelend in 1990. Alter high school he served four years in the United Stores Amy in the 82nd Airborne Division, He worked in the construction fold unl 1957 when the development and instruction of soert parachuting become his proleiion. rchuting Te Parachutes Incorpereted wat founded in 1957 by Jacques Ando letal ‘ond It. Sanborn. in its 41st year the Sm fulfiled the U.S, Army’sinitol free fall parachuting Wweining contract. In 1961, Me. Sanborn wos ap: pointed the President of the Orenge Sport Perachuting Center which 53 ‘opened in May af 1959, He now manages the Cantar ond serves os Exae: five Vice Pi ident of Perechuter Incorporated. Introduced fo sport porochsting in the Army, Mr. Sanborn competed in notional meets fron 1953 t0 1956. That year he joined the fist US. Perochuting Teom et the Third World Parachuting Chompiorship, hel in Moseow. He placed a: higk scorer fer the teom, In 1957 he took the some position for the U.S. Team at the Adriatic Cup Parachuting Com lvio. n 1950 he captained the US. Team in the Fourth World Farachsting Champienship, hald in Czechorlavakio ond, with three eam-metes, wor the Coupe du Monde in a French invitationcl meet. In 1961 Mr. Sanborn jumped with the fourman team from Perechvtes te ‘orporated that won the first twe offcial world porachuting records fo the United Steres. The Parachute Club of America Safety Offcer for the Orange Center, he became 0 PCA Exominer in 1962. Hie jump total is re. 3° Codesigned of The Shy Diver and the Toten range of parachuting equipment end she Telsan Fest Jomp Lourie, Mr. Sanborn holds several Potente on parachuting eqvipment. He has testiumped meny new pare chute designs; he wes the frst American te jump the Russian squere Porechute. He doviied the technique of “reo Fal hetog, raphy” — the filming of junpers’ maneuvers during the frse fll accom ished by fd on the photographer's holmet. His werk is feolured in the Academy Avard romince A Sport Is Born, filmed ot Oonge in 1960. to foe fal mmping aor the subjects, fiming them with © camero movnt LOY 8. BRYDON Copioin of U.S. Parachuting Team, 1960 Aen in Baclyn, Wechingtnn, im 102. Went to etheol in Everett; Wash ington, ond entored the US. Army in 1950 and war stetioned ot Ft, Compbell, Ky. Went to Kereo in 1951 and returned to the US. in 1959 tnd was stetioned ot F. Levis, Woth, Was dischorged in 1953 ond worked for Bosing 1959. While in Seale helped form the Seattle Sky Divers and was a chorter member, Sel. Brydon reentered ‘© member of the 77th Special Forces parachsting team. He went to the achuting Mest in Tivat, Yugoslavia, in 1959 and ploced second overell and third ia the water jump vent, After his return to the U.S. the U.S. Army Parachuting Team. was formed and he become rmomber of i, stationed af #1. Bragg. He wos captain of the U.S. Para thuting Team In 1960 and the some year was the U.S. national champion reralt Co. vi Army in 1957 ond wos essigned to Ft. Bragg, N Cy where he was Sat. Brydon become interested in diferent designs for parachute cono- pes in 1958 ond designed the “Double T* which was succostlly used in 1959 of Tivat. This parachete wos the forerunner of the “Conqvicta dor” which Soi. Bryden olso designed ard which hes been jumped by of US. team in three international competion, including the ld Championship and ot Lo Ferte Gavchor in Fronce in 1961, where Set. Bryden placed fist in the 1000 meter precision landing event ond oe overall ‘Spl Brydon developed the theory of maximum tracking posiion in tree fall, wi ing pasion wied to steer the body in Free fall to the parachute opening point. Ihis method hes been used most succes fully by US. toom members. In 1961 the U.S, Army Parachuting Team went te Yuma, Arizona, and sat ninoteen world records in parachuting, At present Sgt. Brydon isin Orange os « member of the 1962 U.S. Pora- hating Team.eit i a VANDER WEG = ARENDER = FORTENBERRY CAPT. JAMES PERRY JUDGE Richard Fortenberry (Team Leader ond Member) — Sgt. U.S. Army, 24-years-old, 840 jumps, from Riv. erside, Call., married. Dick decided to jump becouse he liked aenol sports and parachuting was most avail- oble. Loy Brydon (Teom Trainer and Member) — Sgt. U.S, Army, 30-yeors-old, 950 jumps, from Everett, Wash- ington, married. Loy thought thore must be a beftor woy of jumping than leaping eff a elif with « bed sheet which he did at the age of ten. Phillip Vander Weg (Team Member) — Sfc. US Army, 28-years-old, 325 jumps, from Wayland, Michi- ‘gan, married. Phil started jumping because his brother Was 6 paratrooper. 54 THE UNITED STA BOURQUIN NATHAN G. POND PILOT SIMBRO BRYDON Gerald Bourquin (Toam Mombor) — Sfc. U.S. Army, 2B.years-old, 800 jumps, from Yubo, Calif., single. Jerry started jumping after helping the original STRAC Team, now the U.S. Army Parachure Team. Jim Arender (Team Member) — independent jump- er, 22-years-old, 650 jumps, from Tulsa, Okla,, single. Jim started jumping when he was in the Army. Henry Simbro (Team Member) — Film Processor for Eastman Kodak, 35-years-old, 600 jumps, from Van Nuys, Calif., morried. Hank started jumping after buy- ing on airplane, thought the experience would be fun. Mark Schmidt (Alternate) — 23-years-old, 500 jumps, from Brookline, Mass., single. When Mark found out civilians could jump he wanted to try it, ‘and decided that he liked it.TES TEAM -1962 SIMBRO Carlyn Olsen — Secretary, 25-years-old, 200 jumps. From Van Nuys, Calif. Carlyn started jumping with the intention of just “ones” because her friends did, Turned out over 200 “onces.’” Gladys Inman — Employed by Boeing Co,, 29- years-old, 120 jumps, from Renton, Woshington, mor- fied. Gladys started jumping after her husband mado 25 jumps and thought she might be missing some Nona Pond — Housewife, 30-year-old, from New Salem, Most., 120 jumps, married. Nona started jump- ing offer her husband was working for Parachutes, 38 Inc. She was the first woman to go on free-fall at OSPC in June 1959. Muriel Simbro — Housewife, 35-yeers-old, 500 jumps, from Van Nuys, Colif., married. Muriel thought that jumping would be great after watching her hus- band. She has the frst ’D” License given to a woman and was a member of two all-women baton passes. Helen Lord (Alternate) — Bookkeeper, 27-years-old, 120 jumps, from North Hollywood, Calif. Helen started jumping when she was introduced to @ jumping in- structor.TRAILWAYS. easiest travel on earth FOR ADDITIONAL AND SPECIAL SERVICE TO THE Sixth World Sport Parachuting Championships — CALL — TRAILWAYS TERMINAL, Orange, Mass. — KI 4-3535 PORT AUTHORITY BUS TERMINAL, New York, N.Y. — LO 4-8320 36QUABBIN GATEWAY MOTEL ONE MILE FROM ORANGE AIRPORT Junction Route 202 and Route 2 YOUR CLOSEST HEADQUARTERS TO THE SPORT PARACHUTING CENTER FREE T.V. Make It A Weekend To Remember Call Ahead for Reservations Call Orange, Mass. Area Code 617, KI 4.2986 Mail Reservations: Box 113, Orange, Mass. Specializing in HOME COOKED FOODS SEAFOODS HOME-MADE BREAD Every Friday: FRIED CLAMS OR SCALLOP DINNER All you can eat — 95c NEVER CLOSED STATE ROAD WESTMINSTER, MASS. ALL BRAND NEW The WHITE CLOUD DRIVE-IN RESTAURANT Across from the Airport sandwiches to full meals spaghetti dishes o specialty 100! beer in frosted steins Dorimaid ce Cream WINDOW SERVICE CAR HOPS DOMENICK ond ETHYL DePRATHL = i +t) eae | No. 409 Nassau — — $149.00 WEATHER INSTRUMENTS Temperature Precipitation Hunility Solar Radiation Prossuro Wind Write for Catalog SCIENCE ASSOCIATES, INC. 194 NASSAU STREET PRINCETON, N. J. 57heodmounted stil for maneuvering, the comero is fted wth 9 remote bettory peck SANBORN, Mla Free for the Sixth Werld Sport i 10 free-fall rhotegrapher racheting Competition The ideo of filming a parachutist in free-fall was con- ceived in late 1956. A mogazine printed a photo: ‘aroph of a jet test pilot who hed the following prob- lem: ot supersonic speeds, @ test pilot had to take notes of oll his important instruments plus fly the air- plane plus avcid striking the ground, obstructions, of other aircraft, The magazine photo. showed this. jet test pilot with o smell motion picture camera attached to the side of his helmet. He had only to activate the camera and fm his instruments while he was flying, By this means, his eyes were not taken completely away from his frontal view and were only distracted for shor! periods of tim: From this, | saw how people who do not jump, or those who did, could enjoy on the ground the view of parachutist in free-fall. The advantages of this technique were unlimited. In February 1957, while in California for a live tele- vision broadcast (Wide, Wide World) of parachuting, Jacques Istel and | worked closely with research per sonnel of North American Aircraft Company. Here we wore told of the first major problem. Four pounds of force in the right direction could break @ man’s neck: The comera alone weighed six pounds. The counter- 58 _ PHOTOGRAPHY IN FREE-FALL balance to equalize this one-sided weight was an: other six pounds which brought the totol to twelve. When the helmet ond mountings were included, the total was increased to fifteen pounds. The opening of @ sport parachute, with sleeve deployment, is about 3 lo 4 G's, which on opening means the camera would weigh 45 10 60 pounds! Jacques Istel was the first man to use this bulky, neck- breaking assembly. At Fi. Bragg in Novembor 1957, while training the first U.S. Army personnel in free- fell techniques, Istol used the helmet- mounted camera, Not knowing whether his head would remain attached ‘or not on opening, he jumped safely; head, helmet ‘and camera stil attached. The development continued until the next problem ‘arose. This time it involved sighting the camera. The test pilot did not have this problem. His instrumont panel was only a few feet away and all he had to do was to cim his head in the general direction to be assured of results, In free-fall, traveling at 120 miles per hour, sighting was difficult. The subject is at yorying distances and his position changes in relation to the cameraman, Just aiming in the general direction resulted in arms fand legs not eppearing on the sereen and of times even the parachutist disappearing off screen. It was at Hemet, California, that the next major im- provement was mode in the equipment and the tech- nique of filming. | devised o sight which showed the ‘someramon what the camera was seeing ond conse- ‘quenily what the cameraman was filming. With the use of the sight and repeated proctice jumps, good results were obtained for the first time. During @ 20 second free-fall the jumper would now stay “on cam- era” or in frame for the entire jump. The next attempt wos to film @ baton pass, the art of passing the relay stick from one parachutist to an- ther in free-fall before the chutes are opened. Baton passing was not new in 1960. Many pastes had been completed throughout the United States. However, few people on the ground understood what it was or how it took place, ond no one had filmed it, With good results behind us, a jumper filmed while jus falling became tamo. With multiple jumpers, new feeling could be obtained. A solo parachutist gave no sensation of movement since the cameraman tray- els at the some speed. Two porachutisis, moving tow- ard or apart from one another could give the picture a reolistic feeling of speed. This “closing speed” con be as high as sixty miles per hour!AND ON THE GROUND ©) The present day problems in this method may continue to enist for years. The weight of the equipivent, even with super light materials, will be a problem. The length of film useble will be limited to the size, and thorefore the weight, of the camera, Pethops the more recent development of 8mm film ,cameras, and lenses may solve some of these problems, Another problem common to all photography is light Either too much or too little. This is especially true in free-fall filming. In taking light readings, the moter will vary tremendously between aining downword at the ground and upward into clear blue sky. To com plicate things even mare. there ic yet 1 cliflarent mater reading aiming horizontally. About all the aerial cam eraman can do is to preplan his jump with his subjects and use the reading for the type of shot or shots he will be shooting +s cand on the ground While on the subject of light, dont forget for those with comeras here today, the same problem will exis shooting the sport parechutiss. The setting you should use for shots with sky (clear or overeas!) as the hack- ground, will be © stop or two lower than ground shots IF you don't have a light meter, find someone who does and ask his or her settings and type of film so you may correctly expose your film, ‘The sand will reflect considerable light, in fact almost ‘as much as at the beach, so use the dealer's guide in each box of film for settings if you can't find a light meter. The very reason we use free-fall to free-fall photog: raphy is enother problem in your shooting from the Qraund We shat grauind and ir phatngresphy (From the jump aircrofi) before we mounted the camera to the helmet. Howover, from the ground with telephoto lenses, the parachutist is just @ dot in still photos. In motion, the dot only grows slightly largor until the chute opens at 2200 feet above you. From the jump sircrofi, the roverse is trus. The parachutist becomes «dot in just 10 or 12 seconds. On the higher jumps, the style event, the parachutists will leave the plane ‘a 6600 feet. Do not photograph them unless you have «© telephoto lens and a tripod. Otherwise you will be displeased with your “specks” on fim, if you can see them wt ull After the chute (or chutes, in the case of group jumps) is open wait until the parechutists are at least half way down or about 1000 feet ebove the torget, 59 Otherwise the chutes will oppear in miniature. The nal inieresting shila in motion or still phulyraphy «ill be the landings or just one of two seconds before landing, This will be especially true of the group jumps. | suggest strongly that whenever possible, you use color film. The conopies are brightly colored and ap. pear bes! in color film. The pageantry also justifies using color. At various times throughout the Cham- pionships, domonstrotion jumps will be made by ci ans and the U.S. Army sport parachuting team. Mony of these jumps will be made with the parachutists Irail- ing multiralnred smoke. Whenever theso jumps aro announced, be sure to have your cameras reloaded with @ fresh roll of color film. The smoke will rom in @ beautiful trail behind the porachutists, These could bo filmed no matter what type camera or lens you may use. As Official Free-Fall to Free-Fall Photographer for the Championships, I wish you the bes! of luck with your films. Aiter you have left the Meet, please don’t for- get, take your camera ond film out of the car and have it processed os soon as possible. The hect in the glove comperiment or on the reor ledge of a closed car in the sun will ruin your film and pethaps the camera, Good Shooting! First helmetmounted motionpicture equipmentoer Paratroop Jump Boots No seconds, No Govern- ment surplus stock. All new, inspected and perfect merchandiseoryourmoney refunded promptly. 4 Fe This Label is p Your Guarantee ‘Yes, this familiar label in every pair of boots you buy is your official guarantee that these are genuine CORCORAN Paratroop Boots . the boots that Paratroopers know and love. Made the proper way ... with 10 inch uppers of high-grade, soft, pliable, highly-polishable leather and with strong steel shanks, firm web ankle supports, special rubber soles and heels and solid leather counters, fillers, middle soles, laces and hard box toes . . . these boots are the only boots made today to the original specifications for Paratroop Boots. Why accept substitutes? Veteran Paratroopers know that these are the best you can buy . . . for style, comfort, wear and price. If genuine Corcoran Paratroop Jump Boots are not available in your PX, order direct from Corcoran, Inc., Box PP-482, Stoughton, Massachu- setts, U.S.A. Specify size and width wanted. Include return address with serial number and check or money order for $16.87. Your boots will be shipped immediately, postpaid, to APO New York or San Francisco.SPECIAL BUS SERVICE Ride the way the Teams ride . . . WHITE “E” CAB from Athol ond Orange to the ORANGE AIRPORT WEEKEND SCHEDULE KDAY SCHEDULE (Sot., Sun., Labor Day) wee Eireian For oft € (Won. thru Fri.) atten: for ol Seates|onts Leove Athol 11.00e.m. 11:30 a.m, 12:00 pin. 12:B0 pe, 1:00 pies 1:30 pie 4:00 pins 4:30 pam, Soo bin: $30 bine CAB SERVICE TO BUSSES LEAVE ORANGE 10 NINUTES LATER. ATHOL — ORANGE Leove Aleport 11:250.m. 12:00 a.m. 12.23 prim: 1:00 pom 123 pm 400 420 p. S00 6:00 p. Cab Stand at Parking Area 5:30 pe EXTRA SERVICE WHEN NEEDED. ‘Athol, 504. Orange, 25¢. Children, one-half erase Call KI 4-3535 — 4.3181 ‘ NO PARKING WORRIES — RIDE THe BUS 24 Hour — Two-Way Rodio Service WILSON BUS LINES INC. and on your way back home . . WHITE PILLARS TRY A REAL, DOWN-TO-EARTH THRILL DRIVE THE GO-CARTS AT THE COMMON PETERSHAM, a on KARTLAND Enjoy Gracious Dining In A Relaxing Homelike Atmosphere ROUTE ZHIN GARDNER UNDER THE LIGHTS 2 SUPERB FOODS or DAYLIGHT ONE FREE RIDE ond LIQUORS SERVED A BIG-CAR RACING § A’8: 11 — Sept. 9 THRILL FOR soe ANY TME OF DAY — 5PM. 109 P.M. 4 1 Coupon por Porson JUST 1WO INCHES: 3 KARTLAND, INC. % Noon to 2 P.M. Daily Except Monday OFF THE GROUND Sunday Hours: Noon to 7 P.M. alWhat's That? That's a “Slencil” pencil — your official scor the World Championship Meet. 18 pencil for You'll find it an unusual pencil — that's why we've included it with your program. People are going to ak you about it... ask co look at it, We wane them 10, When you get back home, and your friends aske Whats THAT? «. Vou'll have a chance to talk abour the Championships — and about parachucing. Maybe your friends will come up for the following weer ‘There is a matching ballpoint pen to go along with the pen- «ils. You may wane to pick one up, as a gift for the folks back home .. .or for your own pocket. (The price is $1.00.) The “Siea” pen and "Slencil” pencil are made just a mile from the airport. Essentially, these pens and pencils are made as business advertising gifts. Many parachutists have “adopted” them; leading authorities have proved that a Slen 6 Slencil will stay in your pocket during free fall maneavers, You'll find they write wel, too, If you happen to be in che market for business gifts, and think the Slen and Sleacil might do well for you, you can learn more ebout them by writing or calling’. . THE co. ® ORANGE, MASS., AREA CODE 617, CH 9- 4960 (or drop in while you're here; we're the big yellow mansion acthe corner of roate 202 and the Airport road, On the lake.) While you're here, the Jaycee’s vendors in the crowd can also supply you with extensive additional reading material on parachuting. Russ Gunby’s “Basic Ha book of Spore Parachuting” and Bud Sellick’s book "Skydiving," are boch louled with backround facts and fSguces . . . and echnical details Bo an expert If you're thinking of becoming a sport parachutise (a lot of us are at least thinking about ic the best way to learn more ut the subject ‘With these books under your belty you can be “one jump ahead of the crowd” when you enroll for your First-Jump Course,AMERICAN SCIENCE SCORES AGAIN! ee a il containing the Méad in SORA eS, AlR FORCE. Teen AUN ED) in FLIGHT; MICRO-LUBE’ The Universal Lubricant — Vitalizer Additive Reduces the Coefficient Of Friction Improves Operating Efficiency of all Grades of Motor Oil anuracruneD oY DISTRIBUTED BY MICRO-LUBE, INC. MICRO-LUBE, SALES OF NEW ENGLAND 8505 DIRECTORS ROW PHONE RA 4-3274 DALLAS 7, TEXAS PETERSHAM, MASS.» Verlling \ ; PARACHUTING WITH PIONEER Para-Sport” individually yours PARACHUTES auc co beens tHat Goes UP UP UP Pioncer leads the way in sport parachuting with eolor- al safe rugged service. “Para-Sail®” opens a whole new world of sporting thrills with a parachute that goes from the ground up. It oper- ates over land or water and can be used with ease and safely by anyone. “Pare-Sports", exclusive with Pioneer, is used by Army and Navy sky diving teams and scores of private parachute clubs throughout the U. S. Individualized pat- terns and colors give each team a personality. . . make jumpers identifiable from the ‘ground. PIONEER a Protea Nga am es ee ea cne7 ene aco aoa Cots ou mee ea LE