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Coordination
Relay Types and Applications
2
SIMPLE RELAY
Actuating Quantities
• Magnitude
• Rate of Change
• Phase Angle
• Direction
• Frequency
• Wave Shape
• Duration (Time)
• Ratio
RELAY Classification
• Microprocessor-based Relay
– Much higher precision and more reliable and durable.
– Improve the reliability and power quality of electrical power
systems before, during and after faults occur.
– Capable of both digital and analog I/O.
– Higher cost
Electro Magnetic Relay
• In an electromagnetic relay, the operating
torque is produced by the electromagnetic
attraction/electromagnetic induction/thermal
effects of electric current.
• The restraining torque is produced by the
springs
F Fo Fr
F is the net torque Fo is the operating force.
Relay operates when the net Fr is the restraining force.
torque is positive
Type of Relay units
• Attracted armature type relay (Electromagnetic)
• Balanced Beam relay(Electromagnetic)
• Induction disc relay (Electromagnetic)
• Induction Cup relay(Electromagnetic)
• Moving coil and moving iron relay
(Electromagnetic)
• Gas operated Relay
• Rectifier relay units
• Static relay
Principle
• Simplest type of relays
• The relays have coil or electromagnet energized by the
coil
• Coil may be energized by the actuating quantity which
is proportional to circuit current and voltage.
• A plunger or vane is subjected to the action of the
magnetic field produced by the operating quantity.
• Respond to both AC and DC
• Very fast in action
• Don’t have directional feature
• Affected by transients
• Modern attraction armature type relays are compact,
robust and reliable.
Attracted Armature Type
Applications
Applications
Load Shedding
Frequency Relays
• Either electromagnetic or
static
• Relay can operate on
under frequency/over
frequency
• Under voltage relay is
normally provided in
conjunction with under
frequency relay
Frequency Relay
Under Voltage Relays
• Provided for AC circuits, bus bars, motors,
rectifiers, transformers etc.
• Necessary for voltage and reactive power control.
• Instantaneous or inverse characteristics
• Construction similar to usual induction relay or
attached armature relay
DC relays
• Induction relays are not suitable for DC
• MI and PMMC are suitabe for DC
• PMMC high accuracy and low consumption
Applications:
• Controlling direct current either rise in current or fall in
current or reverse current.
• DC voltage relays are generally suitable for control of DC
voltage (rise or fall)
All or Nothing Relays
• Pick up value not critical
• Does not perform precise measurement but it
does not operate but change its state (open
contacts , close contacts)
• Such relays assist in measuring relays and they
take over various duties such as time lag, tripping
indication etc.
• Works in coordination with protective relays such
that the protection relays can be designed for less
burden and more sensitivity.
Negative Phase Sequence Relay
• A negative phase sequence (or phase unbalance) relay is
essentially provided for the protection of generators and
motors against unbalanced loading that may arise due to
phase-to-phase faults.
• Such relay has a filter circuit, which is responsive only to the
negative sequence components.
Over Current Relay
Over Voltage relay
Numerical Relays
Regards,
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