PWM DC Motor Speed Control

Circuit Description
This is a circuit for controlling the speed of small DC motors, it works nicely as a speed
controller for an HO or N gauge model railroad.

Theory
The left half of the 556 dual timer IC is used as a fixed frequency square wave oscillator.
The oscillator signal is fed into the right half of the 556 which is configured as a variable
pulse width one-shot monostable multivibrator (pulse stretcher). The output of the one-shot
is a variable width square wave pulse, the pulse width is set with the speed control pot on
the control voltage input. The variable width output pulse switches the IRF521 MOSFET
transistor on and off. The MOSFET amplifies the current of this signal so that it is powerful
enough to control a small DC motor. The 311 comparator is used to cut off the one-shot via
the reset pin when the control voltage is below a certain threshold, the 311 is also
controlled by the speed control pot. The cut off circuit is necessary because the 556 one-
shot circuit will always put out a small pulse, even when the control voltage is at zero.

Calibration
Adjust the 10K cutoff pot so that the motor is completely off when the speed pot is fully
counter clockwise.

Use
Connect a source of 12V DC power to the DC power input, connect a DC motor to the DC
motor output. Adjust the speed control for the desired motor speed.