Pad Name Syllabus Class qt, School A aE© Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part ofthis book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechani including photocopying, or by any information storage and ret system, without permission in waiting from the Publisher. First Published 2006 New Syllabus Edition 2007 Reprinted 2007, 2009 ISBN 978-981-251-880-4 Published and distributed by: Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd a member of Popular Holdings Limited (CRN 199607189) 20 Old Toh Tuck Road Singapore 597655 Tel: 6462 9608 Website: www.eph.com.sg Printed in SingaporePrimary Maths Guide is a comprehensive study guide specially designed for pupils to gain an in-depth knowledge of the various topics taught in School. The guide adopts a creative yet systematic approach to the learning of Mathematics concepts. It is written in accordance with the latest Primary Mathematics Syllabus issued by the Ministry of Education for an extensive coverage. This book emphasises the need for an easy yet thorough treatment of the prescribed Mathematics topics to facilitate understanding and hence, boosting pupils’ confidence ond competency in their preparation for their school examinations. Special features in this guide help enrich pupils’ learning process by making the application of concepts identifiable and versatile. These features include: * Learning Outcomes A list of learning outcomes is given at the start of each topic to show the different areas of focus. * Notes and Worked Examples In each section, comprehensive notes with worked examples are included to familiarise pupils with the methods used in problem-solving. Thinking Questions Challenging questions which require pupils to think out-of-the-box to solve problems are included. Answers Anawers are provided for all the questions.Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Unit 9 Unit 10 Unit 11 Unit 12 Unit 13 Unit 14 Unit 15 Unit 16 Unit 17 Numbers to 10. Answers to Unit 1 .. Number Bonds Answers to Unit Order of Positions Answers to Unit 3 Addition within 10. Answers to Unit 4 .. Subtraction within 10 Answers to Unit 5 .. Numbers to 20.. Answers to Unit Addition and Subtraction within 20 Answers to Unit 7 Shapes and Pattern: Answers to Unit 8 ... Picture Graphs. Answers to Unit 9 Mass ..... Answers to Unit Length ... Answers to Unit 11 Numbers to 100... Answers to Unit 12 Addition and Subtraction within 10¢ Answers to Unit 13 Multiplication... Answers to Unit 14 Division ... Answers to Unit 15 Time .... Answers to Unit 16 Money AnswersNumbers to 10 By the end of the unit, you should be able to: * Count to 10 * Read numbers up to 10 * Write numbers up to 10 in numerals. 5 * Write numbers up to 10 in words 5 * Order numbers from 1 to 10 : * Compare numbers up to 10: difarige numbers in Dato increasing and decreasing orders . Compare two or more sets in terms of the _in number 2 ; © Use the terms ‘more than’, ‘less than’ and “fewer than’ 2 ¢ Use the words ‘smaller’, ‘smallest’, ‘greater’ and 5 ‘greatest’ wee ae © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd Lt1¢UNIT 1: Numbers to 10 Revision Mon 2s % A. Counting and writing in numerals and in words Ct Gr oe ee GP GP GEE aneede a2 © Educational Publishing House Pte Lided when there is nothing. The number ‘0’ is uslowing sums. . Count and write in numerals. par © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd"They Be SRA) "SR AA) “Redrererts Wewry) (h) | Publishing House Pte Ltd L584UNIT 1: Numbers to 10 2. Count and write in words. eer © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid_____UNIT1: Numbers to 10 3. Match each numeral with its correct word. s gs zero | S four | Ss & SIE EIEEIEIEE seven | ~ 2 eight cciahe | six iy © five s 2 ten = = three © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd L724UNIT 1: Numbers to 10 Revision ae, 4 In the above diagram, we begin counting from 1, moving with the arrows to 2 and so on. 1727%3744>45746>57>8>9->10 Complete each of the following. (a) The number comes just before 2. (b) The number 4 comes just before __ (c) The number comes just after 1. (d) The number 6 comes just after (e) The number comes between 7 and 9. (f) The number 3 comes between 2 and Answers: (a) 1 (b) 5 (c) 2 AC) Jie ie C2) ie eee) pees © Educational Publishing House Pre Ltd___UNIT 1: Numbers to 10 Revision = 4a, as C. Comparing numbers from 1 fo 10 When we count from 1 to 10, we are counting from the smallest to the greatest. 1 is the smallest number and 10 is the greatest number. For example, 2 is greater than 1 and 5 is smaller than 6. When we count backwards from 10 to 1, we are counting from the greatest to the smallest. D. Comparing numbers by matching Look at the pictures below. There are 5 cakes. There are 4 boxes. There are more cakes than boxes. There are fewer boxes than cakes. © Fducational Publishing House Petid = “LgUNIT 1: Numbers to 10 Look at the two sets of fruits below. = HOOOOOO 08 OO (a) How many apples does Set A have? (b) How many oranges does Set B have? (c)_ Which set has more? How many more? (d) Which set has less? Answers: (a) 7 (b) 3 (c) Set A, 4 more (d) Set B Sec (a) How many durians are there? (b) How many strawberries are there? (c) Do the two sets have the same number of fruits? Answers: (a) 6 (b) 6 (c) Yes. The two sets have the same number of fruits, © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid___UNIT 1: Numbers to 10 following sums. 1. The shirts below are numbered 1 to 10. Fill in the missing number. Then arrange the numbers in order, beginning with the greatest. ° These le? Cl eee arity Vf (b) si 2. Fill in the missing numbers. “G8 GG68S "BAO () 2, 14,5, i ‘ane (d) , 6, , 19; (e) 10, : ide see a (f) : 5, 13 © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 11 ¢UNIT 1: Numbers to 10 eee 3. Arrange the numbers in iloraer from the greatest to the smallest. i 4, Arrange the numbers in order, from the smallest to the greatest. —O(COO-©O-. (b) ca | 10, 5, 4, 8, 2 of © . gir @ Educational Publishing House Pte LidUNIT 1: Numbers to 10 5. Fill in the blanks with the correct answers. (a) HME! comes between 6 and 8. (b) Ti comes between 3 and 5. (c) 2 comes between | __ and 3. (d) 6 comes between 5 and__<_. (e) 9 comes between 8 and _Lv (f) __ comes just before 4, (g) ______ comes just before 10. (h) 8 comes just before? _, (i) 6 comes just before (j) 4. _ comes just after 9. (k) ____. comes just after 7. (I) 5 comes just after. (m) 3 comes just after___2 (n) What are the two numbers that come after 4 but before 7? fhe: © Fducational Publishing House Ptettd = L_ABgUNIT 1: Numbers to 10 Work out the following sums. 1. Cross out tie greatest number. sage sent 4. Circle all the numbers that are greater than 6. 7 eanepnaeo 6 3 .10 8 5 eae © Educational Publishing House Pte LtdUNIT 1: Numbers to 10 5. Study the pictures and answer the questions “peewee QRS See setae BBS (a) How many bees are there? (b) How many flowers are there? Of faye, (c) Are there fewer flowers or bees? fest one (d) How many fewer? ni 6. Look at the pictures and answer the questions below. IMM LSSS (a) How many forks are there? is (b) How many spoons are there? See a ea (c) Are there fewer forks or spoons? ee ce (d) How many fewer? Siar Sere © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd L154UNIT 1; Numbers to 10 eee Study the pictures and answer the questions below. SRog SS 7. (a) (b) () (d) a Jp fe I& How many socks are there?) $2 bu How many shoes are there?) 2/2. Are there more socks or shoes? How many more? Se eee Study the pictures and answer the questions (a) (b) () (d) How many dogs are there? How many bones are there? tiie Are there more dogs or bones? ss How many more? ere vee p16 © Educational Publishing House Pte LtdUNIT 1: Numbers to 10 9. Study the pictures and answer the questions \ below. : i” K » Be aig ER (a) How many spiders are there? Sapien (b) How many webs are there? tiv. (c) Are there more spiders or webs? ahs (d) How many more? Dray 10. Count the number of objects in each set and write down its number. Then tick (W) the set that has a greater/the greatest number. OPP PM PPP [Ty PPP PP 5 “le ea&& AJ © Educational Publishing House Pte Ud 174UNIT 1: Numbers t0 10 © egegegeete |. eesees |. ae id - | = 11. 410 8 2 : ‘ pe Benet 9) 4 is the greatest number. 12. Count the number of objects in each set and write down its number. Then tick (W) the set that has a smaller/the smallest number. 0 | DIDDIDDID PPE ERR CL * BEBSG506 oO p33 3351 / VY © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid__UNIT 1: Numbers to 10 13. Join the sets that have the same number. 14, What are the numbers that are smaller than 9 but greater than 5? ae 15. What are the numbers that are greater than 3 but smaller than 67 16. What are the numbers that are smaller than 10 but greater than 6? ec © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 119 ¢UNIT 1: Numbers to 10 ys QUESTION 1. Complete the pattern by drawing marbles for Pictures 4 and 5. © QO® | |OOOOO Picture 1 Picture 2 Picture 3 YOOOD Picture 4 Picture 5 2. 2 comes just before 3. 1 comes just before 2. comes just before 1. e207 © Educational Publishing House Pte LidUNIT 1: Numbers to 10 3. Complete the following pattern. 4. Froggy has to move from the shaded box through all the boxes. He has to move from the smallest number to the greatest number. Fill in the correct number in each box starting from the box Froggy is in. 5. Do you see more legs or wheels? babe on) a & AS © Educational Publishing House Pre Ltd 121 ¢UNIT 1: Numbers to 10 6. Xara has 1 more sister than Yeeta. She has 1 less sister than Zee. (a) Who has the most number of sisters? (b) Who has the least number of sisters? 7. Some beads on a string were covered by a piece of paper as shown below. (a) How many beads were covered by the paper? 2 (b) Draw the pattern of the beads that were covered in the box below. i e225 © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd |w © Bgegegeges [10 Exercise 1.1 : Se0cee |e 1@9 6 @8 @7 : (ae choy ay @5 4 @ wo mo : a ashy ‘) $ 2. (0) eight (b) three ain © two (@) four 2 Oo Se oa : PIDIIDIID | 9 a) ei ive three six PRPPRP . ©) ni zero @ four {h). seven : © (BGGGEEGG/e () ten a aae 4: Exercise 1.2 : @ VIVID 7 1. @ 8 7 60608 5 (©) 10,9, 8, 7,6,5,4,3,2,1 : SEE 2) 67.89 (b) 689 : GOSS 4 @ 3678 (57810 * & g 2 (e) 9,865 ) 87,64 . 3. (0) 9,7,4,21 (b) 10, 8653 + 13. AE 14. 67,8 (© 10,9, 6, 4,2,1 . £D 4. (a) 2,5,7,8,9 (b) 2,4, 5,810 . B,H 57 0) 4 @ 1 @M7 + cg ) 10 3 @) 9 (ho 245. a5 16. 7,8,9 07 PwWs Wa (m) 2) 5,6 : peeig ss § S900 lfesooo | 19 23 : SOOO 324 4. 8,10 2 ok | 5. (@) 10 6 7 () Flowers (d) 4 . 6 @) 7 ) 4 22. (© Spoons (d)_ 3 D4 7. @ () 6 : (© Socks (a) 2 : 8 @) 7 () 9 : (Bones (d) 2 . 9% @) 5 ) 7 : (0 Webs (¢) 2 : 10.) pao 25. Wheel * |PPPSPPPP TI]: FE () Zee (©) Yeeta Pp 9 P Pp p 5 17 @ 6 7 rn) z “BSSS [av cence AID 2 © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 1234* Unit 2 Number Bonds By the end of the unit, you should be able to: a * Define number bonds © Write number bonds for a given number within 10 * Give the missing part in a number bond © Divide a set of objects into two parts in different ways ¢ Make 10 i las Ww PATRAS IASI a SSR EE EE TEST OE ET TT e24 © Educational Publishing House Pte LtdUNIT 2: Number Bonds i A. Making 2 Number bonds are different combinations of two numbers that make up a given number. Each number bond shows a Part-Whole relationship between three numbers. What are the ways of putting 2 sweets into 2 bottles? Look at how we can write a number bond for each way. 2 and 0 make 2. 7 © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 256UNIT 2: Number Bonds ‘ i 1. and 1 make 2. B. Making 3 What are the ways of putting 3 sweets into 2 bottles? Look at how we can write a number bond for each 3 and 0 make 3. eer © Educational Publishing House Pte LidUNIT 2: Number Bonds 2 and 1 make 3. C. Making 4 What are the ways of putting 4 sweets into 2 bottles? Look at how we can write a number bond for each way. 4 and 0 make 4. © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 274UNIT 2: Number Bonds 2 and 2 make 4. D. Making 5 What are the ways of putting 5 sweets into 2 bottles? Look at how we can write a number bond for each way. 228 © Educational Publishing House Pte LidUNIT 2: Number Bonds F 3 and 2 make 5. té | @ Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 1294UNIT 2: Number Bonds E. Making 6 What are the ways of putting 6 sweets into 2 bottles? Look at how we can write a number bond for each way. 5 and 1 make 6. p30 yr © Educational Publishing House Pte LidKj Ls ue a UNIT 2: Number Borids 3 and 3 make 6. F. Making 7 What are the ways of Putting 7 sweets into 2 bottles? Look at how we can write a number bond for each way. © Educational Publishing House Plo Ltd L31¢UNIT 2: Number Bonds He 6 and 1 make 7. 5 and 2 make 7. a32 © Educational Publishing House Pte LtdUNIT 2: Number Bonds 4 and 3 make 7. G. Making & What are the ways of putting 8 sweets into 2 bottles? Look at how we can write a number bond for each 8 and 0 make 8. © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 133. ¢UNIT2: Number Bonds ce 4 and 4 make 8. e34 © Educational Publishing House Pte LidUNIT 2: Number Bonds H. Making 9 What are the ways of putting 9 sweets into 2 bottles? Look at how we can write a number bond for each © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 1354UNIT 2; Number Bonds 5 and 4 make 9, 2367 © Educational Publishing House Pte LidUNIT 2: Number Bonds Making 10 What are the ways of putting 10 sweets into 2 bottles? Look at how we can write a number bond for each way. © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 37 8UNIT 2: Number Bonds 5 and 5 make 10. 938 © Educational Publishing House Pte LidUNIT 2: Number Bonds What is the missing number in the number bond? Solution: Step 1: Count from the number 4 to the number 7. 4 5 6 7 ae aN 1 2 3 ~— steps 1 | | Step 2: How many steps are there? / There are 3 steps, so the missing number is 3. Find the missing number in the number bond. Solution: Step 1: From the number 1, count 4 steps. 1 7} 4 5 PA Na NU 1 2 3 4 ~—steps Step 2: The number you get after counting 4 steps is 5, so the missing number is 5. mnal Publishing House Pte Lid “139 ¢UNIT 2: Number Bonds 1. Look at the number bonds. Circle the objects to show the parts. (a) (b) (0) 2.40 [ © Feducational Publishing House le Ltd ee:Ce Ge (& Ge Ge Qe | ~ ce b> by AB AB AeA 2B AB . Look at each set of pictures. Fill in the missing number in the number bond. (a) |) G © G® ae ®) 0% Q f \\ \) Sb \UNIT 2; Number Bonds () 0 28 ee go 8 BS d Cy CS o © 686s 398 86 ee NF @ e ~ £ i O BOO De BBB @ 3 242 © Educational Publishing House Pte LidUNIT 2: Number Bonds 3. Fill in the missing numbers to complete the number bonds. (a) (+) (b) (2) 6 C) @) © (6) (d) (10) Qe € © (e) (f) (4) eo (s) (9) (3) (h) a] b> © Educational Publishing House Ple Lid 1436UNIT 2: Number Bonds 4. Fill in the missing numbers. (a) 3and_‘i__ make 7. (b) 2 and ___ make 6. ( Oand —_=___ make 5. (d) 1 and _<___ make 9. (e) 9and__.) _ make 9. 5. Circle the set of numbers that make 8. SOS 6. Circle the sets of numbers that make 10. LD h Lo h LD LD 6 and 3 6and 4 (sora) a4 © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd__UNIT 2: Number Bonds 7. Circle two numbers in each set that make 7. Ro SHS Ge Oe "OH OOH LAKE ens 9. Which two numbers make 6? OSG make 6. oOPe i and © Fluational Publishing House Ped] ABUNIT 2: Number Bonds a 10. Can you think of seven possible ways to share 8 pies between 2 children? List them below. SPVrvvww (a) (b) (9 (d) (e) (f) (g) O make 8. cine ond aie hd 2A MOke.o. _ 6 and __£__ make 8. 5 and _2_____ make 8. and __=!__. make 8. and __1___ make 8. exgiiiitetgnd aetna makes 4g © Educational Publishing House Pte LidUNIT 2: Number Bonds QUESTIONS i 2. Cross out (X ) three numbers that make 9, 2 eee See <> © Educational Publishing House led | AT g |UNIT 2: Number Bonds 3. Fill in the missing numbers to form number bonds. (2) (5) (2) 4. Fill in the missing numbers to form a number bond. (10) O ®@ © 5. Fill in the missing numbers to form number bonds. (18) (10) (6) 248 © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltdanit Exercise 2 1 (0) Soe ) @ () (3) fe) . (a) 4 (b) 5 (5 (d) 10 fe) 2. (f) 10 (g) 7 (h) 10 } @) 4 &) 4 | 5 @ 8B fe) 0 . Sand 3 7 and 3, 6 and 4, 5 and 5 (o) 6,1 (b) 5,2 (0,7 @) 4,3 1,3 5,1 (o) 1,7 (b) 2,6 © 3,5 (@) 4,4 fe) 5,3 (f) 6,2 g) 71 (in any order) © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 149 ¢¢ Unit 3 By the end of the unit, you should be able to: * Name positions using the words ‘before’, ‘between’ and ‘after’ * Name positions using the words ‘first’ up to ‘tenth’ ¢ Name positions using symbols for first up to tenth: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc. ¢ Name positions from left or right * Show a given number by a set of objects PF PP PPI SLI VII LISI aeUNIT 3: Order of Positions (za A. Naming positions using the words ‘before’, ‘between’ and ‘after’ First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth SSD atn¥ d He 2nd 3rd 4th 6th 7th 8th 9th ~— 10th Rabbit is before Squirrel. Kangaroo is between Rooster and Monkey. Tortoise is after Sheep. B. Naming positions using the words ‘first’ up to ‘tenth’ Referring to the pictures above, Rabbit is first. Squirrel is second. Sheep is third. Tortoise is fourth. Horse is fifth. Rooster is sixth. Kangaroo is seventh. Monkey is eighth. Lion is ninth. Cow is tenth. © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 151 ¢UNIT 3: Order of Positions C. Naming positions using symbols ‘4st’ up to ‘10th’ Oo o Jarina lives on the 1st floor. Hafez lives on the 2nd floor. Hu Wei lives on the 3rd floor. Hazel lives on the 4th floor. Xiao Ming lives on the 5th floor. Bala lives on the 6th floor. Moe lives on the 7th floor. Soo Hui lives on the 8th floor. Ali lives on the 9th floor. Rick lives on the 10th floor. p52 © Educational Publishing House Pte LidUNIT 3: Order of Positions D. Naming positions from left to right Left Right — ist 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th WO 8 of BOD BG 10th 9th 8th 7th 6th 5th 4th 3rd 2nd Ist < Ant is first. (1st) from the left. Seahorse is first (1st) from the right. Seahorse is tenth (10th) or last from the left. Caterpillar is sixth (6th) from the left. Caterpillar is fifth (5th) from the right. Bee is second (2nd) from the left. Snake is third (3rd) from the right. Suggested activity Get 10 picture cards and place them in a row. With a friend, you can ask questions such as: “Who is 2nd from the right?” “Who is 4th from the left?” “Who is 8th from the left?” © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 33 ¢UNIT 3: Order of Positions is Work out the following sums. 1. Cross out (X) the object as stated. (a) The third lollipop from the left. Qg 4 (b) The sixth ice cream from the right. 3 ES oo a RY g y (c) The seventh cake from the right. a ee (d) The 4th mangosteen. Oe ee 2] 6th Ze a 54 © Educational Publishing House Pte LtdUNIT 3: Order of Positions (e) The 7th pineapple. Sa Ae 32a 5a Se se AY EY GS Cc 6 a & = € > 3° oO < UNIT 6: Numbers to 20mumbers £0 20 | ba —___vnir 6: | pe Count the number of squares below, a HE08 ag A 28 g ag aS There are 20 squares. We can make sets of ten and count. HEG88 A E HOB 2 There are two sets of 10 squares in 20, There are-10 ones in a ten. e out the allowing sums. 1. Count and write in numerals. ° [Be ER a Rieke dk Be eo RRR RRR JERR ARIE EAR IIE IE IRIE. (b) © ducational Publishing House Pte Lid 129UNIT 6: Numbers to 20 () (d) (e) 2. Count and write in words. 2) paGeaaaaas ce HER Rw 2.130 [ © Educational Publishing House Pte LtdUNIT 6: Numbers to 20 Match each numeral with its correct word. 3. (a) os = SIEEREEEERES © (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) 2 eB nineteen twelve fourteen | i seventeen | eleven sixteen eighteen | twenty | fifteen | thi rteen AN © Educational Publishing House Pte lidUNIT 6: Numbers to 20 Revision te B. Ordering numbers from 11 to 20 NNO Ny 1/2/3]a[s[e[7[s[s]r0 AOOOQOO oO NSN Yr 11] 12/13) 14] 15/16] 17} 18] 19] 20 TTITT lololom In the above diagram, we begin counting from 1, moving the answers to 20. 1+ 2-+3-+4-+5 + 6 +-7-+ 8 —- 9-10 — 11 20-19 -18=— 17-— 16-—15+— 14 13 +12 | Complete each of the following. | (a) 11 comes just before | (b) 12-comes just before | (c) 11 comes just after |) 15 comes just after |e) 19 comes just after 7 (f) 16 comes between _______ and 17. | (g) 19 comes between 18 and | Answer: (a) 12 (b) 13 (c) 10 (d) 14 (e) 18 (f) 15 (g) 20UNIT 6: Numbers to 20 Revision y, £25 % C. Comparing numbers from 11 to 20 When we count from 11 to 20, we are counting from the smallest to the greatest. 11 is the smallest number and 20 is the greatest number. For example, 10 is smaller than 11 while 20 is greater than 19. [20] —~ [19] —~[18] [17] — [16] —~ [15] —~[14 7 [13] — [12] —[13 When we count back from 20 to 11, we are counting from the greatest to the smallest. D. Comparing numbers by matching Look at the pictures below. =UNIT 6: Numbers to 20 There are 15 cows. There are 16 horses. There are more horses than cows. There are fewer cows than horses. So, 16 is greater than 15. 15 is smaller than 16. In the two sets of animals, how much smaller is 15 than 16? We match 1 cow to 1 horse. Then count the remainder. There are more horses than cows by 1. There are fewer cows than horses by 1. Look at the two sets of tools below. 8 COCO EOEOEE SL COOOL EE ES Set A AVRBBLAGAY Set B (a) How many hammers are there in Set A? (b) How many can openers are there in Set B? (c) Which set has more? How many more? | i i Answers: | @ 20 (b) 10 (©) © Educational Publishing House Pe Lid 135 ¢UNIT 6: Numbers to 20 : Rewision y, as * E. Comparing numbers using number bonds We can also compare numbers using number bonds, We look at the numbers 18 and 15. The number bonds for them are as follows: We compare the ones, 8 and 5. 5 is smaller than 8. So, 15 is smaller than 18. 5 is smaller than 8 by 3. So, 15 is smaller than 18 by 3. | Worke Look at the two numbers. 20 16 Which number is smaller? How much smaller? 2.136 [© Educational Publishing House Pte idUNIT 6: Numbers to 20 | same Step 2: 10 +> 10 20 lal eS |S > 18 P : Sede Cede AB Putyey 3. Complete the following. (a) 10,11, 12,___,_,__, 16, 17, __, (b) 17, 15, 1—— 9,7, 5, Q — , 8, 10, 12, a 9.138 © Educational Publishing House Pte Ld SsUNIT 6: Numbers to 20 4. Arrange the numbers in order, from the greatest to the smallest. (a) (b) () (d) 14, 17, 12, 11, 19 _— 16, 20, 18, 15, 13, 9 —_—_ 11, 19, 16, 12, 14, 10 ee 15, 19, 12, 10, 4, 16, 20 oe 5. Arrange the numbers in order, from the smallest to the greatest. (a) (b) 15, 19, 18, 12, 17 a 10, 5, 17, 20, 14, 18 — © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 7139 ¢UNIT 6: Numbers to 20 6. Fill in the blanks. (a) ______ is between 15 and 17. (b) __ is between 18 and 20. (c) 17 is between ____ and 18. (d) 11 is between _____ and 12. (e) 13 is between ___ and C9 iT 90) = pn are between 12 and 16. (g) ______ comes just before 20. (h) ______ comes just before 16. (i) 18 comes just before (j) 10 comes just before (k) ______ comes just after 19. (Il) comes just after 12. (m) 11 comes just after (n) 17 comes just after e140 5 © Educational Publishing House Pte Ldee _UNIT 6: Numbers to 20 7. Fill in the missing numbers. Which is the greater number? (a) sny 6 © CO) © () The number _______is greater than (b) 5H The number ___ is greater than © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 141 ¢UNIT 6: Numbers to 20 xO The number ________ is greater than we ey Cc © O) The number ______._ is smaller than “ese The number ______ is smaller than ear © Educational Publishing House Pte LtdUNIT 6: Numbers to 20 8. Look at the pictures carefully, Then answer the following questions. SHG SSEEHS WWW We EF (a) How many flowers are there? (b) How many bees are there? (c) Are there fewer flowers or bees? (d) How many fewer? ‘© Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 143 8UNIT 6: Numbers to 20 9. Look at the pictures carefully. Then answer the following questions. BDQ990290000900 DBIBDPVWPISPIVPdOSEF VOVVIID POOVIGOD (a) How many cups are there? (b) How many jars are there? (c) Are there more jars or cups? (d) How many more? 10. Cross out the greatest number. Bey Yee TN Vv 11. Cross out the smallest number. We Be Be © Educational Publishing House Ple Lud___UNIT 6: Numbers to 20 12. Circle the numbers that are smaller than 16. er De Ue oy 13. Circle the numbers that are greater than 13. Per hr The Tee 14. Write down the numbers that are smaller than 20 but greater than 14, 15. Write down the numbers that are greater than 9 but smaller than 15. 16. Complete the following. (a) 16 is 1 greater than Se (b) 18 is 5 greater than__ () 11 is3smallerthan__ © Educational Publishing ttouse Pte Lid 145IT 6: Numbers to 20 (d) 14 is 6 smaller than (e) 19 is 2 greater than 17. Circle 10 in each set and write the correct number in the box provided. eee To Mii a SO OA SO SOO A __| “RAR AQRaa RAAAAAAUNIT 6: Numbers to 20 18. Write the numerals as you count. @ 9099099 9 9 9 Gg 9 WAVAVAVAV) 10 ea " ©2000 © © © OOOOO 10 eesecece eee eeeeeeeseeeea SS 19. Draw squares {] to show the number. (a) 1 ten 2 ones (b) 1 ten 5 ones 20. 1am a number less than 20. Tam between 17 and 19. What number am I? © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid “L147 6cums 1. Complete the following. CG) Oe A Sees ee (b) 10, 13, 16, () 17, 19, 16, 18, 15,____,___, 16 2. 9 is greater than 6. 16 is smaller than 19. Circle the greater number. my Tk 3. If the letter E = 5 and the letter J = 10, what is the letter N? N= 4. If the letter D = 3 and the letter L = 11, what is the letter Q? Q= 5. Kelly has 3 hairclips in her jewellery box. She puts 1 hairclip into the box each day. How many hairclips will she have after 6 days? Palco © Educational Publishing House Pe Ltdieee : Exercise 6.1 1.) 14) 19 @ 17 do ) 17 te) 2. (@) fifteen (b) (nineteen (d) (e) thirteen 3. (0) thirteen (by (9 eleven (a) (e) nineteen (f) (g) twelve (h) (i) fourteen qj) Exercise 6.2 eleven zero. twenty eighteen fifteen sixteen seventeen 1. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 2 @ (b) © d) © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 14, 16, 17, 19 18, 16, 15, 14, 12 13, 14, 15, 18, 19 ) 13, 11 2, 4, 6, 14, 18 19, 17, 14, 12,11 20, 18, 16, 15, 13, 9 19, 16, 14, 12, 11, 20, 19, 16, 15, 12, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19 10 10,4 5, 10, 14, 17, 18, 20 16 (b) 16 () 12,14 (f) ) 19 10 13, 14, 15 15 " 13 16 13, 16 8. (a) 16 flowers (b) 20 bees (flowers (d) 4 9. (0) 19 cups (b) 14 jars (cups (dd) 5 10. 19 HE 12. 12, 14 13, 19, 14, 17 1 14. 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 « 15, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 16. (a) 15 (b) 13 © 14 (d) 20 (e) 17 E fat ese I © PLTLOLOLeE BEAEYRRE | (b) ° © @ @ 18. (a) 12, 13, 14, 15 ) 1112 * @ Goo0o0o0 oO 00000 o © 090000 ooo 00000 oo 20. 18 Thinking Questions 1 @ 9 9 13 15 47 19 ee W242 247 2 (©) 10 13 6 19 VR 34343 (0 7 19 16 18 15 47 14 46 eR RBR INI 149 ¢2. 119 a 3. 14 a 4. 16 7 5. After 6 doys, she will have added + 6 haircli 643-9. she will have 9 hairclips after 6 doys. 21507 © Educational Publishing House Pe LidAddition and Subtraction within 20 AN By the end of the unit, you should be able to: * Add a 1-digit number to a 2-digit number without | ° renaming * Subtract a 1-digit number from a 2-digit number | without renaming i * Use the Counting-On concept to add two numbers | within 20, one of which is 1, 2 or 3 i * Use the Counting-Backwards concept to subtract 1, 2 or 3 from a number within 20 i * Add a 2-digit number and a 1-digit number with | renaming using the Making Ten concept f * Subtract a 1-digit number froma 2-digit number with | renaming using the Subtracting from 10 concept * Add three 1-digit numbers ; © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid L151 ¢UNIT 7: Addition ond Subtraction within 20 Revision eat, % A. Add by counting on We use concrete objects such as mirrors to add. For example, we add 5 to 12. egqqqag gaa agqaaag aq How many insects are there? BCL vee vee yee Answer: Count on 7 from the greater number 8. 8 9 A Ossett staeed eee 14 15 Ve ee ee Seer eS” Thus, 8 + 7 = 15.UNIT 7: Addition and Subtraction within 20 B. Add by making ten Another way to add is to make ten. For example, 9 and 3 make 12. se88e Soe We make a set of 10 by rearranging the cacti and trees, GESSSESSES = DH From the diagram, 10 + 2 = 12, Thus, 9 and 3 make 12. How many flowers are there altogether? 88888 eae S888S8 F288 Answer: Step 1: The number 12 is greater than 10, So we rearrange the flowers to make one set of 10, Seeks Seee HOGS Beee Step 2: From the diagram, 10 + 8 = 18. 8 flowers altogether.UNIT 7: Addition and Subtraction within 20 __ Work out the following sums. 1. Add the following numbers by counting on. (a) 94 Oa ee S™ O10 (b) 8+8= o™ 800 (00 (c) 7+6= o™ oases ate a een ease oeoeeeeerotnereioaetoeeen (G) stb Os arees eee eee eereee ce eeeeeee esse eS eee (e) 144+6=___ 14 (f) 9411 =——__ 9 isa © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd_UNIT?7: Addition and Subtraction within 20 2. Add the following by making 10. (a) 84+9= (8) + + 4 (b) 7+#5=_ $v) (© 4455s $0) % (CQ) 13 Gee © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid L155 ¢UNIT 7: Addition ond Subtraction within 20 (e) 124+3= (f) 9475 C. Subtract by counting backwards We use concrete objects such as keys to subtract. For example, we subtract 4 from 18. PPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPP Count backwards 4 from the greater number 18. 2 3.4 Thus, 18 - 4 = 14. 2156 ‘© Educational Publishing House Ple LidBURT Adetition and Subtraction within 20 Revision Mo, eee Tez" Le. D. Subtract by crossing out Another way to subtract is 4, Ou ing- concept. se the Crossing-Out balloons. She gives away ¢ balloons are there left? DO COM K} alloons. How many DQ To subtract 6 from 14, we crogg $0 we count the number of bq} Ut 6 balloons. Then, AHloons not crossed out. There are 8 balloons not Cross, ed ; to 14 subtract 6 is 8. Out. Thus, the answer © Educational Publishing House Ple Lid 11525UNIT 7: Addition and Subtraction within 20 E. Subtract using number bonds We can subtract using number bonds. Number bonds help us to learn thinking skills to work out sums mentally. For example, 17 subtract 4 gives 13. Thus, 17 ~ 4 = 13. There are 12 sticks of ice cream. 3 sticks of ice cream melted. How many sticks of ice cream are there left? Answer: Step 1: Write a number bond for the greater number ©UNIT 7; Addition and Subtraction within 20 Pe ett tt Na ACER. grt Step 2: Subtract 3 from 10. (2) - 3 10-3=7 Step 3: Add 2 and 7. 2+7=9 There are 9 sticks of ice cream left. Work out the following sums. 1. Subtract the following by counting backwards. (a) 17-3=__ 17, 16 15 VAN (b) 20-4=_ 20 19 No © Educational Publishing House Pe Utd 159(c) 18-9= 18 17 Na (d) 13-5=____ (e) 19-7=_ () 14-8=_ 2. Subtract the following by crossing out. (a) 17-8= MIRRORS SG TRE|REARIR INS SG (b) 12-8= OQ £3 £4 @ & a4 43 <3 160 7 © Educational Publishing House Pre Ltdw UNIT 7: Addition ond Subtraction within 20 (c) (d) (e) (a) (b) 16-7= SOO EO IO EY SOOO OY SO SY 19-8= aD a a > > a a a a> a> a af a> <> a> a> . Subtract the following using number bonds. 19-9= 18-9=UNIT 7: Addition and Subtraction within 20 () 17-6=___ (dd) 14-5=__ (e) 16-4= Revision y, a= F. Addition of three numbers When we add three numbers, we add from the left to the right. We add the first 2 numbers, and then add the sum to the last number. We can add three numbers by counting on. qi62 © Educational Publishing House Pte LdUNIT 7: Addition and Subtraction within 20 For example, add 5, 8 and 6. Step 1: Add 5 and 8 first. DEeOme ies SeAOntiii2 13 RAN A _ A Thus, 5+8+6= 19, We can also add three numbers using number bonds. For example, add 7, 4 and 6. Step 1: Add 7 and 4 using number bonds. a) 7+34+1=10+1 =11 © Educational Publishing House Ple Ltd 163UNIT.7: Addition and Subtraction within 20 Step 2: Then add 11 and 6 using number bonds. oO. 10+414+6=10+7 = 17 Thus, 7+4+6=17. We can also add by grouping them in another way. It is sometimes easier to group the second and third number first, and then add the sum to the first number. 8+3+7=8+10 = 18 Work out the following sums. 1. Add each of the following. (a2) 7+84+5=5 ss (b) 147435 (c) 2+34+5=_ +(d) 8+3+6=___ (e) 10+44+3= (f) 94+6+4= tea fp © Educational Publishing House Pte LidUNIT 7: Addition ond Subtraction within 20 2. Add each of the following using number bonds. (a) 7+6+5=___s (b) 8+ 04+7=___ () 3+54+7=_ . d) 64+64+6=__ (e-) 4+8+6=___—s (f) 5 4+ 64+5=__ 3. Add the following by making a 10 first. Fill in the boxes with the correct answers. (a) 7+44+4 =10+4+ +4 (b)-8+54+4 =10+ +4 (c) 94243 = +143 “LE | (d) 64548 = +14+8 © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 165 ¢UNIT 7: Addition and Subtraction within 20 (e-) 547+6 +24 G. Solving word problems on addition and subtraction within 20 We can solve word problems by writing addition or subtraction sentences, making number bonds and counting on or backwards based on the given problem. There are 8 white rabbits and 5 black rabbits in a pet shop. How many rabbits are there altogether? Solution: Step 1: Read the problem carefully. Write the addition sentence and work out the answer. 8+5=13 Step 2: Write a sentence to answer the question. There are 13 rabbits altogether. p66 fF © Educational Publishing House Pte LtdUNIT 7: Addition ond Subtraction within 20 | There were 16 birds in a tree. 7 birds flew away. How many birds were there left in the tree? Solution: Step 1: Write a number bond to subtract 7 from 16. (16) -7 | € © 10-7 =3 Step 2: Add 3 and 6. 6+3=9 Thus, 16-7=9., | Step 3: Write a sentence to answer the question. There were 9 birds left in the tree. © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 7167 §UNIT 7: Addition and Subtraction within 20 Mrs Tan bought 13 buns. Angela bought 11 buns. How many more buns did Mrs Tan buy than:Angela? Solution: Step 1: Counting backwards 11 from the greater number 13. 13121110 9 8 76 5 4 3 2 RAMANA OOO” 1 2 3 45 6 7 8 9 10 11 Thus, 13-11 =2. Step 2: Write a sentence to answer the question. Mrs Tan pale 2 more buns than n Angelo. 1. Mrs Tang bought 17 party hats for her pupils. Every pupil who went to the party received a party hat. There were 6 party hats left. How many pupils attended the party? e168 - © Educational Publishing House Ple LidUNIT 7: Addition and Subtraction within 20 2. "There are 14 grasshoppers in a field. 5 more grasshoppers join them. How many grasshoppers are there in the end? 3. Ina pond, there are 12 frogs. 3 frogs hop away. How many frogs are there left? © Educational Publishing House Pre Ltd 169 ¢UNIT 7: Addition and Subtraction within 20 4, Derek lives on the 16th floor of a block of flats. Peter lives on the 9th floor of the same block. How many floors higher than Peter does Derek live? 5. Mr Tan, the owner of the school. bookshop, sold 12 exercise books during recess. He sold 7 exercise books after school. How many exercise books did he sell in all? egi7or © Educational Publishing House Pte Lidi UNIT 7: Addition and Subtraction within 20 6. Wei Qi had 14 stickers. Billy had 16 stickers. (a) Who had more stickers? (b) How many more? 7. Maggie has 8 sweets. Weiling has 12 sweets. (a) Who has more sweets? : (b) How many more? Ee () Weiling wants to give Maggie some sweets, : so that they have the same number of sweets. How many sweets must Weiling give her? © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 171UNIT 7: Addition and Subtraction within 20 8. Betty throws 6 balls into an empty basket. Jasper throws 8 balls into the basket. Tian Wen throws 5 balls into the basket. How many balls are there in the basket? There were 8 puppies in a basket. 4 more puppies climbed into the basket. A few hours later, another 5 puppies climbed into the basket. How many puppies were there in the basket in the end? pip © Educational Publishing House Pte LidUNIT 7: Addition ond Subtraction within 20 10. Three pupils brought apples for a class. party, The first pupil brought 5 apples, the second pupil brought 6 apples and the last. pupil brought 8 apples. How many apples did the class have altogether? | © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 173 ¢UNIT 7: Addition ond Subtraction within 20 pe QUESTIONS 1. Subtract 12 from 30, using number bonds. 2. Add 12 and 13 using number bonds. 3. Bozo the Clown had 19 balloons. He gave away 7 balloons in the morning, 8 balloons in the afternoon and 3 balloons in the evening. How many balloons were there left? eta © Educational Publishing House Pe Lid___UNIT 7: Addition and Subtraction within 20 4. A fruiterer sold oranges in boxes. On Monday, he sold 4 boxes of oranges. On Tuesday and Thursday, he sold 3 boxes each day. He sold 5 boxes of oranges on Wednesday. On Friday, he sold 2 boxes. How many boxes of oranges did he sell altogether? 5. Mrs Wang put 3 bars of chocolate and 5 yoghurt bars into a bowl. Amy ate 1 bar of chocolate and 1 yoghurt bar. Andrew ate 2 bars of chocolate and 1 yoghurt bar. (a) How many bars of chocolate were there left? (b) How many yoghurt bars were there left? © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd L175 &UNIT 7: Addition and Subtraction within 20 6. Jason puts 5 beads on each side of a square as shown below. He uses 20 beads in all. His mother takes away 4 beads. If Jason wants to keep the same number of beads on each side of the square, how should he arrange the remaining beads? Draw your answer in the space below. Tomorrow is Friday and the date is 20 September. (a) Last Thursday was _______ September. (b) Five days from today is September. pier © Educational Publishing House Ple LtdExercise 7.1 1. @) 18 Sai eatestee ntacte TOOT is (b) 16 Ovatrdetnds CSOT 6 © 13 ae TOKIO (@) 15 On taddn! OS SIO s fe) 20 obatad aS 1 TF WW 0 () 20 Pssdadaeatatet! 2. (0) 17 (b) 12 @ + © 16 () + (dd) 19 () 15 @) () 16 @) 4 © © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid © @ (e) @ . (0) (b) Exercise 7.2 1 187 16 18 14 18-12-41 0 9 OTE SSNS KK KK SINK KKK 4 2eRR& BR Qe eR © 9 qd) (e) (a) (b) © SO KRM eevee oC ae oneExercise 7.3 1. (0) 20 (bo) 11 (Q 10 (d) 17 (17 19 2. (0) 18 (b) 15 © 15 (d) 18 (e) 18 f) 16 3. (0) 74444 104144 215 (b) 84544 =104344 =17 () 94243 =104143 214 (a) 64548 =104+148 219 (e-) 54746 =10+2+6 =18 Exercise 7.4 _ Exercise 7.4 0 11 pupils 19 grasshoppers 9 frogs 7 floors 19 exercise books (@) Billy (b) 2 more stickers (0) Weiling (b) 4 more sweets (c) 2 sweets 8, 19 balls 9. 17 puppies 10. 19 apples oy awe e178 Thinking Questions "Rs @® & 235 @) ® 3. D+@+8=18 es) 19-18 There wos 1 balloon left. 4. Monday —>4 Tuesday = —>3 Wednesday —> 5 Thursday —>3 Friday 2 443 454342517 if 10 He sold 17 boxes of oranges altogether. 5. Amy and Andrew —} 1 +2=3 bars of chocolate — 1+1=2 bars of yoghurt (0) 3-3=0 There was 0 bars of chocolate left. (o) 5-253 There were 3 yoghurt bars left. 7. (a) 12 (b) Todoy—> 19 5 days from today —> 24 © Educational Publishing House Pre LtdShapes and Patterns By the end of the unit, you should be able to: * Identify and name basic shapes: circle, triangle, | rectangle and square [ * Sort objects by shapes * Classify objects according to size, shape and colour * Continue a pattern according to size, shape and colour © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 179UNIT 8: Shopes and Patterns sty (a A. Naming shapes Look at the four basic shapes below. i ee Rectangle Triangle Circle Let’s look dround us. Can you identify some of the objects with the above shapes? Look at the pictures below. Can you identify the shapes the objects have? aes We can compare objects in three ways: shape, colour and size. 130 fF © Educational Publishing House Ple LtdUNIT 8: Shapes and Patterns Rectangle and square Grey and white Big and small 1. Write the name of the shapes. (a) (b) © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 7181 ¢UNIT 8: Shopes and Patterns (e) (f) Sere (g) (h) Pace © Educational Publishing House Pte LidUNIT 8: Shopes and Patterns 2. Look at the picture below. Then answer the following questions. (a) Colour the triangles brown. (b) Colour the circles red. (c) Colour the squares blue. (d) Colour the rectangles green. © Educational Publishing House Pte lid 183| —_UNET-8: Shopes and Patterns | 3. Trace the shapes in the box below and answer the following questions. (a) Colour the biggest square orange. (b) Colour the biggest circle yellow. (c) Colour the smallest rectangle pink. (d) Colour the smallest triangle purple. (e) Colour the biggest rectangle green. (f) Colour the smallest circle red. (g) Colour the biggest triangle blue. (h) Colour the smallest square brown. 1847 © Educational Publishing House Pte LtdUNIT 8: Shapes and Patterns 4. Look at the boxes below. Circle the shape that can fit into the hole. Lo (a) (b) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 185UNIT 8: Shopes and Patterns 5. Look at the picture below and answer the following questions. (a) How many triangles are there? (b) How many squares are there? (c) How many rectangles are there? (d) How many circles are there? 186 © Educational Publishing House Pte LidRevision roe Mo, B. Making patterns with shapes Shapes can be used to form patterns. UNIT &: Shopes and Potterns Look at the different sets of pattern shown below. “TIALIAl Set B VU CV AT] come next. In Set A, only two shapes are used pattern. make a pattern. © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 7187 ¢ “ OoahOonA The shapes that you see in the patterns above are arranged such that we can predict what shape will Note that more than two shapes can be used to to make theUNIT 8: Shopes and Patterns C. Making patterns with objects 3-dimensional objects can also be used to forma pattern. Like patterns made up of shapes, we can predict the next object by observing the repeated pattern. Note that there can also be more than 2 objects used to make a pattern. Look at the different sets of pattern made up of 3-dimensional objects shown below. “PII aay Set C A JAAIAAD plea © Educational Publishing House Pte LtdUNIT 8: Shapes ond Patterns (b) N\o (9) | (d) (e) (f) (g) © Educational Publishing House Pte LidUNIT 8: Shapes ond Patierns = QUESTIONS 2. What is the missing figure? A gi90 fF © Educational Publishing House Pte LidUNIT 8: Shapes and Patterns 3. o rT 4. The piece of paper below is cut into three pieces as shown. (a) Arrange them to form a triangle. Then draw it in the box provided. © Fucational Publishing House Pte Lid 191UNIT 8: Shopes and Patterns (b) Arrange them to form a square. Then draw it in the box provided. 5. Complete the following patterns. "@erkapA _ (a) 2192 fF © Educational Publishing House Pte Lidpurrs “ z a ieee: | « Exercise 8.1 . 1. (0) Circle (b). Triangle 5 (©) Square (@) ‘Rectangle + (e) Circle (f) Rectange + Thinking Questions {g) Rectangle (h) Rectangle 3. (@) to (n) : Trace the shopes and colour: — ¢®) accordingly ) 2. @) to(d) cele) Colour according to the instructions. . 3 © e 14 @ () © Educational Publishing House Pte Lud 193* Unit 9 Picture Graphs | By the end of the unit, you should be able to: ¢ Make picture graphs © Understand picture graphs ¢ Interpret picture graphs using one-to-one representation ¢ Understand information presented in picture graphs * Interpret information presented in picture graphs PIPPI PL PLL PIII NS WAS ALS e194 © Educational Publishing House Pe LtdUNIT 9: Picture Graphs Revision Ze May A. Making picture graphs Look at the pictures below. Ww Oy. tp # a How many types of insects are there? They can be arranged neatly in a picture graph as shown below. A picture graph is a pictorial representation of information. It shows us how many of an object there are in relation to another object. Picture graphs may be drawn vertically (as shown above) or horizontally (as shown on the following page). © Educational Publishing Howse Pe Lid >| 195 gUNIT 9: Picture Grophs The same graph on the previous page can be drawn horizontally. | wate pete rate We WE W We Ww BOGS SO rk out the following. 1. Complete the picture graph by drawing in the shapes given in the box. a] A e196 F © Educational Publishing House Pte LidUNIT 9: Picture Graphs 2. “Class 1A was given 3 red balls, 2 green balls and 1 blue ball. Class 1B was given 2 blue balls, 2 green balls and 2 red balls. Class 1C was given 2 red balls, 3 blue balls and 1 green ball. Draw the number of balls according to their colour in the picture graph below. © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 197UNIT 9: Picture Graphs 3. Look at the shapes below. Vv y97 V9 V Vey AAG ey Y Count the number of each shape and colour the boxes to show the correct number. : Number of shapes 198 F ‘© Educational Publishing House Pte LidUNIT 9: Picture Graphs % wes B. Reading picture graphs Look at the picture graph below. It shows the fruits in Mrs Tan’s refrigerator. There are 8 lemons, 5 apples and 6 oranges. 8+5+6=19 Altogether, there are 19 fruits. There are 3 more lemons than apples. There are 2 more lemons than oranges. There is 1 fewer apple than oranges. © Educational Publishing House Pie Ltd 1199UNIT 9: Picture Graphs Work out the following. ss 1. The picture graph shows the number of stickers four children have. Use it to answer the following questions. GOO6 |O666 1SO606 Each €% stands for 1 sticker. (a) Which child has the most number of stickers? (b) How many more stickers does Johnny have than Zhiming? (c) ———____. and ___ have the same number of stickers. (d) How many stickers do Zhiming, Johnny and Jasmine have altogether? 9.200 © Educational Publishing House Pte LtdUNIT 9: Picture Graphs 2. The picture graph shows the types of food a group of children like. Use it to answer the following questions. COCoe OOO OO00000 100 Each (_) stands for 1 child, (a) The most popular food is (b) _ Children like hamburgers. (c) Four fewer children like than hamburgers. (d) The least popular food is (e) ______ children like pizza. (f) The second most popular food is © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 201 ¢UNIT 9: Picture Graphs mes QUESTIONS The information below shows how 20 pupils in a certain class go to school. Use it to answer Questions 1 to 4. 7 children go to school by school bus. 5 fewer children go to school by car than by school bus. There are 2 more children who walk to school than go to school by school bus. The remaining children take the public bus to school. 1. How many children go to school by car? 2. How many children walk to school? 3. How many children take the public bus to school? 202 7 © Educational Publishing House Pte LidUNIT 9: Picture Graphs 4. Taking 1 © to stand for 1 pupil, complete the picture graph below by colouring the correct number of ©. 5. There are 10 girls and 8 boys in a class. If 1 O stands for 1 child, complete the picture graph ~ below by colouring the correct number of @: Then use it to answer Question 6. 6. (a) How many more girls than boys will there be if 5 more girls join the class? (b) How many children are there altogether after the 5 girls join the class? © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 203A: ngs —_ Exercise 9.1 Number FF a of fe shapes 5 rea : Be fe ae | Vv aga Exercise 9.2 1. (@) (b) © (a) 2. (a) (b) © (dd) e) (f) Yiwei 1 more sticker Zhiming, Jasmine 13 stickers hamburger 7 pizza noodles 3 fried chicken wing 204 T 7-5= 7 7+2= 3. 7494 AA CI a 20-18 = 3 dhildren @O0000 TEE oo | ee OO00000 ©@@000 O @60000 le g38388 CO | CO | OO 60 |0o | oo |: Fme88888s ee wy 10 -0=2 5+2=7 more girls (b) 5 +10 +8 = 23 children © Educational Publishing House Pte Lide Unit 10 al By the end of the unit, you should be able to: * Compare masses of two or more objects by direct comparison * Compare masses of two or. more objects in non- standard units * Use the mass of an object as a reference unit for the mass of another ¢ Use approximation to measure mass * Use terms of comparison such as light, lighter and lightest; heavy, heavier and heaviest, etc. ANP IRIN PIR DIV IIL PDP LPL ID IPP PILI PS, pr. 7” ES Rca SP Er eraser © Educational Publishing Howe Pe td >] 205 gUNIT 10: Mass A. Comparing masses The mass of an object/person tells us how heavy the object/person is. When we want to tell how heavy an object is in . comparison with another object, we can do so by lifting it with our hands. We can also tell the mass of an object which is familiar to us by guessing. Look at some of the examples shown here. The woman is heavier than the baby. The baby is lighter than the woman. 9.206 - © Educational Publishing House Pte LidUNIT 10: Moss The durian is the heaviest. The chilli is the lightest. Two objects may be compared using a balance. When two objects are placed on a balance, the side which tilts lower is taken to be heavier while the other side is taken to be lighter. Look at the balance below. The pot of plant is heavier than the rice cooker. The rice cooker is lighter than the pot of plant. © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 7207 ¢UNIT 10: Mass 1. wing. Fill in the blanks with the correct answers from the box. as heavy as heavier lightest heaviest lighter (a) Box A is (b) Box C is (c) Box C is the (d) Box B is Circle the heaviest object. or toy robot stethoscope 208 than Box C. than Box B. box. Box A. © Educational Publishing House Pte LtdUNIT 10: Mass 3. Circle the lightest object. Sit piano scooter cylinder gas 4. Doll A is heavier than Doll B. Doll B is heavier than Doll C. State whether each of the following statements is True (T) or False (F). (a) Doll A is as heavy as Doll C. (b) Doll B is as heavy as Dolls C and A. ec eee (c) Doll A is lighter than Doll Cc. (d) Doll A is the heaviest. ibeeagcaacae Cee (e) Doll C is the lightest. © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 7209 ¢UND ss eS B. Measuring mass We can represent the mass of an object by using identical objects such as marbles. Look at the pictures below. The mug has a mass of about 15 O. The cup has a mass of about 8 O. The bigger the number of O, the heavier the object. The smaller the number of O, the lighter the object. Besides identical objects, we can also use 1 cube as a unit. Look at the picture below. © . L\ The rice cooker has a mass of about 7 Note: As marbles and cubes only give estimates of mass, we use the word ‘about’ before the number of units. p20 © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid