THANE MUNICIPAL CORPORATION

Environmental Status Report 2007-2008

Pollution Control Cell Of Thane Municipal Corporation Is Committed To A Clean Environment

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Environmental Status Report is not just fulfill the requirement of act but it is the exact
measurement and prediction of current as well as future scenario based on the yearly data
calculated from laboratory measurements and experiments. The results will not just
compiled but will be analyzed with deep study and discussion and based on that Thane
Municipal Corporation will take steps for the mitigation and Environmental management.
We consider this as our most important duty and for that we make efforts to prepare this
report annually.
It gives me proud that I am the part of all municipal activities and trying to develop the
city in eco-friendly manner. All of us are being functional to give the special status to
Thane city in all levels such as social, educational, public services, economical and
environment.
In last decades the tremendous increase in population and urbanization is leading to
pollution. In this report we are compiled the data and analyzed it for better future
development and to decide the next strategy plans. I am very much aware that this report
is being used by all responsible citizens, NGO's and social organizations for authentic
information. Hence preparation of authentic and informative report is our significant
responsibility.
I am very much thankful to all the departments which give their valuable inputs to
prepare this report. I am especially thankful to M/s Ultra Tech, Environmental
Consultancy and laboratory for taking special efforts to compile and analyze this report. I
am very much delighted to present this Environmental Status Report 2007-2008.

Thank you.

Shri Nandakumar Jantre

Hon. Municipal (I.A.S.) Commissioner
Thane Municipal Corporation
Thane
Environmental Status Report 2007-2008
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PREFACE
Any city's health and environment is dependent on its socio economic condition. After
independence, increasing urbanization and population has creating burden on the
available resources which indirectly affecting our environment. Hence its every citizens
prime duty to make sustainable use of all available resources. Hence Publishing and
submitting Environmental Status report ( ESR) is a mandatory obligation for all
municipal corporations under the BPMC act and the Environmental Protection act
(EPA), 1986 rule covered under 67(A) .
Thane Municipal Corporation is publishing this report continuously and persistently from
th
1996. Now this is the 13 year of publication of Environmental Status report and it gives
us great pleasure to present Environmental Status Report for year 2007-2008.
Thane city has tremendously changed its look in last 10 years. The development growth
and planned city development, best services making Thane city to be known as residential
city rather than formerly industrial city. Different developmental plans are planned in
such a way that thane city's natural beauty, hills, lakes will also be conserved.
Environmental Status Report gives us guideline to ensure our development is Eco-
friendly and sustainable.
We hope that this ESR will not be just the compilation of all pollutants table and figures,
but it is a one step ahead. It will give you the analysis and impact measurement along
with prediction of future scenario. This will also help all other departments in developing
their strategy of development planning and can be used as basic guideline too.

Mr. K. D. Lalla
City Engineer
Thane Municipal Corporation
Thane

Environmental Status Report 2007-2008

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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

THANE… KNOW IT BETTER

SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT

WATER ENVIRONMENT

AIR ENVIRONMNENT

NOISE ENVIRONMENT

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Environmental Status Report 2007-2008

GREEN ENVIRONMENT

NGO'S IN THANE CITY

IMPORTANT TO NOTE

CONCLUSION
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INTRODUCTION
Publishing and submitting Environmental Status report ( ESR) is a mandatory obligation for all
municipal corporations under the BPMC act and the Environmental Protection act (EPA), 1986
rule covered under 67(A) As per this requirement, the Thane Municipal Corporation has been
preparing ESR every year since 1996. Ultra-tech, Thane working in Environmental field for last
20 years has been appointed as Environmental Consultant to prepare Environmental Status report
(ESR) 2007-08. This is the 13th report in the series.
The Environmental Status Report (ESR) is an important tool in understanding the
environment in a better way with statistical and graphical approach. The close observations of
Environmental indicators will give us a vision of future development and its effects on
surrounding environment. The better understanding of environmental trends and resource
management with respect to ESR ensures the Sustainable Development, environmental sound
economic growth of any City.
ESR of any city or region helps the governing body in decision making process before
implementing any development or schemes. The thought will be always to be given for the
possible outcomes of any development with respect to Environment.

Objective and Focus:

Thane city is a fastest growing city and abutting to Mumbai. As the Mumbai has almost reaching
to its carrying capacity of development, Thane is the next option which is already been looked up.
Our City development plan is planning Thane city development and budgetary requirement for
the same is also on the verge to make it more planned and develop it in a better way.
Preparation of the Thane city Environmental status report is not just to overlook the city's
pollution status and development, schemes scenario, but is to prepare a vision for the future.
After looking the pace of development of Thane City, one must give a thought of environmental
aspects too.
The objective of ESR of Thane city is:

1. Environmental friendly, sustainable development

2. To cross check all parameters of development for the future over- burden on natural
resources
3. Analysis of current scenario
4. Take review of unplanned development.
5. Estimation of Future scenario with respect to Environment.
6. Scrutinise the schemes and plans with respect to Environment.
7. Preparation of Environmental management plan based on the results.

This ESR covers the period from March 2007 to April 2008. This ESR briefly covers all
environmental parameters and status of environment of Thane city. Also it encompasses th present
status of resources and infrastructure present to support citizen's day to day life. Also it enlists the
resources verses population and try to justify the overburden on resources. Last but not least it
gives us overview of different NGO's and their activity in Thane city to support environment and
activities which goes hand in hand with Thane Municipal Corporation to achieve the Thane City
Clean and Healthy environment concept.

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 THANE... KNOW IT BETTER

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Environmental Status Report 2007-2008
A. BASIC INFORMATION

The city of Thane is one of Maharashtra's major industrial town and the district headquarters.
As per National Decennial Census 2001, the population of the city is 12, 61,517. Thane city is a
fastest growing city and abutting to Mumbai. As the Mumbai has almost reaching to its carrying
capacity of development, Thane is the next option which is already been looked up. The Thane
city infrastructure and growth of planned city development has turned the face of Thane city
remarkably from last decades. The geographical jurisdiction of the Thane city spreads over an
area of 128.23 sq. km. The city is located at the mean sea level on the northern part of the
Konkan region. The city is also known as 'Lake City' because of the 35 lakes encompassing an
area of about 40 Ha.

ANCIENT THANE
Thane (pronounced Thaanai by the locals) is a district in northern Maharashtra state in western
India. The name "Thane" is said to be derived from 'Sthan' or 'Sthanaka', the capital of the
Shilahara kings of Konkan. Thane district adjoins the city of Mumbai. Thane creek not only
provides a natural protection to the place but has also facilitated transport of big and small ships
since ancient times. This has also acted as an impetus for the development of local and
international trade since the pre-historic times. Thane city has a rich cultural heritage,
mythological background, and has been home to many events of historical importance.
The history of Thane city can be broadly categorized into 5 eras.
Vedic period to 1300. : Comprising of Hindu or ancient period, Apparent, Shilhara and Bimba
dynasties.
1300 1737: Muslim and Portuguese rule.
1737-1800: Maratha and Portuguese rule.
1800-1947: British Rule.
1947-till date: Independent India.

The Shilharas ruled Thane from 810 to 1260. A place called 'Ghodbunder' was famous for horse
trading, thus deriving its name from the word Ghoda i.e. horse and bunder meaning port. The
Shilhara emperors were disciples of Lord Shiva, and the Kopineshwar Temple was built during
their reign. During this period, due to the secular attitude and tolerance of Shilharas towards
different religions, people from diverse communities including Parsis, Christians, Muslims and
Jews settled down in Thane, creating a cosmopolitan city. At this time the Shilharas also divided
the city into different sections and named them as 'padas'. These padas exist today, in the names
of Naupada, Patlipada, Agripada etc.

HISTORICAL BENCHMARK
 Thane derived its name from 'Sthan' or 'Shree Sthanaka' was a kingdom of Shilahars
dynasty from 13th to 14th century subsequently it was ruled by Portuguese, Marathas and
Muslims.
 In 1774 the British captured the city.
Environmental Status Report 2007-2008

 Thane Nagarpalika was established on 10th March 1863.

 The first train services of Thane started on 16th April 1853 between Boribunder &
Thane.
 In 1960; it became District Headquarters.
 In 1960-70, city came up as main industrial town.
 Thane Municipal Corporation came in to existence on 1st October, 1982.

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CULTURAL BENCHMARK
 Majority of the people (over 76%) in Thane are MARATHI speaking
Maharashtrians.
 Thane too has a great combination of culture; all festivals from all cultures are being
celebrated with full enthusiasm. Gopalkala, Ganes Utsav and Navaratri are the
most benchmark festivals which makes Thane city distinct. Thane is also home to two
of the biggest 'Dahi Handi'es (human pyramid sport) rewards in Maharashtra State.
 The Gadkari Rangayatan auditorium has cultural programs running all through the
year which is the most favorite place for all Mumbaikars as well as for the outskirts
of Thane.
 People migrate from Mumbai to Thane in search of good homes as well as amenities
in Thane.
 Thane is now well known for night clubs near Teenhath naka and on Pokhran road
no.1 &2, also Ghodbunder road for night outs.
 The Panchpakhadi area, in particular, is well-known for its many eateries, having a
wide variety of restaurants, ice-cream parlours, cake-shops, cafés and snack shops all
on a single road.
 Thane is also developing as tourist place due to development of mall, artifical parks
etc. It also has many water parks Suraj Water Park, Tiku-ji-ni Wadi, Shangrila are few
of them.
 Yeour hills and lakes, Mangroves forests are the natural beauty which attracts many
peoples and study groups.
Thane still has some ADIWASI communities and WARLI culture.

B. GEOGRAPHIC DETAILS OF THANE

Location
The city of Thane is located on the North-East of the salsette island and on the Northern extremity
of Greater Mumbai. In fact boundaries of Greater Mumbai and Thane are contiguous. The city
falls on latitude 72 0.50' North with longitude 19 0-10' East.

The centrality, easy accessibility, Thane City Connectivity:

existing infrastructure, established
market place, civic services, facilitie
s The Central railways main and local lines pass through
and recent trend of tremendous
developmental activities make this
place more pivotal.
Vital Statistics of Thane:
Rail Network:
the city, which connect the city to north, north- east and
south, south- east parts of the India.
Recently the Thane -Turbhe local line have connected
the city to Navi -Mumbai & Panvel node through the
rail network.
Road Network:
The Mumbai Agra Highway and the Old Mumbai-
Environmental Status Report 2007-2008

Latitude: 72 0.50' North Bangalore highway, the two important national

Longitude: 19 0-10' East
Altitude: 0-7m AMSL
Total Area : 128.23 sq. Km.
Total wards: 9
Population: 17.83 lacsas up to 2007
considering highest growth rate
Growth rate: 7.5%
highways pass through the city which connects the city
to all parts of India through road network.
Water Ways:
The important national port of Mumbai and Navi
Mumbai are at about 25 -30 km from the city.
Airways:
The domestic as well as International airports are at the
distance of about 15-20 km from Thane.

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Topography

The city is characterized by high hills on one side and submersible marsh land along the Thane
Creek, and Ulhas River bank on the other side. The plain terrain actually forms a wide belt along
the foot-hills & away from creek water, Ulhas river banks. The highway runs centrally through
the plains and windings along the foot of the hills.

C. CLIMATE
The Thane Climate is typically coastal, sultry and not very hot. The area receives average
rainfall of 2500 mm to 3000mm viz. in rainy season while the dry period is the summer and
winter season.Being in the western coast, the rainfall is usually experienced from beginning of
June to end of September with annual mean rainfall of 2500 mm. The average rainfall in the city
over the past decade has been calculated to be about 2442.8 mm. Most of the rainfall received is a
result of southwest monsoon, though occasionally some rainfall has been reported in the winter
months (from the north east monsoon) or in late summer (pre -monsoon showers).

Table 2.1: Rainfall Data from year 2001 to 2007

Year May June July August September October November Total
Rainfall
2001 2.20 701.90 648.00 521.00 241.00 103.00 0.00 2217.10
2002 0.00 560.50 224.40 938.00 100.90 0.00 0.00 1823.80
2003 0.00 886.00 1079.50 330.50 139.80 0.00 0.00 2435.80
2004 0.00 330.10 1004.80 968.40 136.00 0.00 0.00 2439.30
2005 0.00 731.00 1489.00 464.83 730.19 23.52 0.00 3438.54
2006 204.76 480.09 919.00 1051.30 426.40 84.00 5.40 3170.95
2007 0.00 690.35 1107.40 740.30 529.30 0.00 0.00 3067.35
Average 29.57 625.71 924.59 716.33 329.08 30.07 0.77 2656.12
(All the readings are in mm.)

Rainfall Data of Thane Region

2500
2001
2000 2002
Rainfal l in mm

1500 2003
2004
1000 2005

500 2006
2007
0
Year May J une J uly Augus t Sept ember Oc tober Novembe r
Months
Environmental Status Report 2007-2008

Temperature
It is observed that the mean maximum temperature varies from 35oC to 40oC during the whole
year. The temperature is maximum during the months of March to June. Due to humidity during
this period, the weather condition is intolerable being more sultry. The weather is tolerable during
the months of December to February with temperature ranging from 25oC to 35OC being
minimum out of the year.

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Humidity
The range of variation in humidity is from 40% to 100%. The highest humidity is observed in the
month of August. The overall humidity throughout the year in the city is on the higher side. The
average humidity throughout the year is 44% and the maximum humidity experienced during the
year in the monsoon months is about 98%.

Wind Orientation
The wind direction is predominantly from west and northwest of the town for maximum period of
the year. The mean wind velocity is about 11 km/hr. The maximum velocity varies from 15 to 19
km/hr during June to August.
Windrose Dig, of last 2007-08

Environmental Status Report 2007-2008

WINDROSE

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D. DEMOGRAPHY OF THANE

CURRENT TRENDS
As population is a key parameter in any type of city planning. Environmental Management plan is
also based on the same. The rate of growth works out to be 6.78% during the decade 1981 -91.
While the annual growth rate during the last decade was about 5.85%. The present trend shows
that the city is growing as a suburban dormitory town.
The intra city population analysis shows that the central areas of Thane are the most densely
populated areas followed by areas of Mumbra and Kalwa, Wagle Estate and Vartaknagar has the
largest population whereas, the least population is seen in the remote areas of Sheelphata and
Diva.

Table 2.2: Population Growth

Year 1981 1991 2001 2005 2006 2007 2008
Population
474170 795833 1261517 1544390 1606165.6 1650000 1700000
(Souls)

Population Growth

1800000
1600000
Population Count

1400000
1200000
1000000 Y ear
800000 P opulat ion
600000
400000
200000
0
1981 1991 2001 2005 2006 2007 2008
Year

Highlights of Demography structure in Thane City

 Average Female to male ratio in the city stands at 870 females per 1000 males, Max in
Environmental Status Report 2007-2008

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Table 2.3: Ward wise Population distribution of Thane City (2001 Census)

Mumbra Owle
Wagle Vartak
Ward Uthalsar Naupada Kopari Kalwa Diva Railadevi Manpada
Estate Nagar
Shil Kolshet
House
32533 22723 12622 39716 39212 70669 38767 9605 17220
Holds
Male 76460 50228 28384 90072 103432 171277 91355 226443 41296
Female 68923 47240 26934 74707 95726 142485 78374 18163 34852
Total 145383 97468 55318 164669 199158 313762 169729 40806 76148

Wardwise Population distribution table

350000
300000
House Holds
Population

250000
200000 Male
150000 Female
100000
Total population of ward
50000
0

lsa
r d a
p ar
i
l wa hi l te vi r et
a u pa Ko Ka aS sta a ila
de a ga ls h
Uth Na ra Div g le E R t a kN d a Ko
mb Wa r pa
Va an
Mu
w le M
O
Wards

Table 2.4: Literacy Rate in Thane City

Male Female Total

Literate 561086 412109 973195
Non literate 123027 165295 288322
Total 684113 577404 1261517

Table 2.5: Major slum areas & slum population in Thane

Mumbra Owle
Wagle Vartak
Area Uthalsar Naupada Kopari Kalwa Diva Railadevi Manpada Total
Estate Nagar
Shil Kolshet
No. of
Environmental Status Report 2007-2008

House 7479 21828 24998 10253 11717 21804 3430 3306 5140 109955
holds
Population
37395 109140 124900 51355 58920 10910 17125 16430 25500 549775
in Slums

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E. LAND USE

Land use pattern of Thane City:

 The total area of corporation is 128.23 Sq. Km. out of which 5930.23 Ha is developable,
3682 Ha is non developable while 3211.77 Ha is the green area.
 There are 11 planning sectors where 804 are total reserved sites covering area of 1267.65
Ha.
 The areas under road shown in the Development Plan 742.97 Ha.
 The area under residential zone is 2665.61 Ha, while that under industrial zone is 1254
Ha.
 As per 1991 prices, the cost of acquisition of entire land under reservation was worked
out as Rs. 209 Crores.

Table 2.6: Broad Zoning of Thane City Development Plan

Sr. no Zoning Area in Ha.

 Area under residential Zone 26651.61
 Area under Industrial Zone 1254.00
 Area under reservation 1267.65
 Area under Road 742.97
 Defence Area 122.00
 Forest Area 3560.00
 Green Zone Area 3211.77

Landuse Pattern of Thane City

3211. 77
3560 Resident ial Zone
122 Industrial Zone
742.97 Reservation

1267.65 Road
Environmental Status Report 2007-2008

Defence Area
1254
Forest Area
Green Zone Area

26651.61

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The entire development over the years if reviewed shows that till March 2005 only 3871 Ha of
land is developed while 8952 Ha of land is undeveloped and underdevelopment.
Thane City Development plan suffers in implementation part because of -
 Population growth is tremendous on account of natural increase and migration
 Most of the Thane part comes under CRZ stipulations
Residential zone in sanctioned Development Plan of Thane city is proposed as 2664.61 Ha. Also
Development Control Regulations provides conversion of Industrial Zone to Residential Zone.
Up to the year 2005 nearby 200 Ha of Industrial Zone is converted /permitted for residential use
out of total 1254 Ha provided in D.P. Percentage of Conversion of Industrial to residential Zone
is nearby 15%. Hence if the policy of conversion of Industrial zone to residential zone continues,
some more conversion may also occur. So considering the trend we can assume nearly 200 Ha
further to be in residential zone.

Table 2.8 : Thane Municipal Corporation….. Important Statistics

Particulars Details
Geographical jurisdiction 128.23 sq.km
No. of lakes 35 of 40 Ha area
Annual growth rate of population 6.75 to 7.25 %
Total population (2007yr) 17 lac
Population in slums In % 30-35%
Total slums No. 211
Population size of slums 5,49,775
Carrying Capacity of the city 33,66,556
Per capita income 2003-2004 Rs. 47,053
No. of Prabhag Samities 9
No. of Electoral wards 116
TMC-No. of Buses 246
TMC-Total Bus Routes 84
No. of Bus Trips 7214
No. of depots 2(Kalwa, Wagle Estate)
Daily Transportation in kilometers 46943km
No. of Bus Stop 110
No. of Bus Station 7
Water supply – Per Day 362 million Litres
No. of Fire Brigade 5
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Recognition received by TMC
Thane Municipal Corporation has initiated reforms
prior to the JNNURM. The efforts of TMC have been
recognized by the Central and State Government as
well as by various renowned agencies. The
Corporation has been awarded for instituting
numerous good governance initiatives, and the list of
the awards and recognitions received by the city are
given below
 Clean City Award from HUDCO 1999 -2000
 Zonal Award under the Sant Gadgebaba Gram
Swatcha Abhiyan from the State Govt. 2003-
2004
 First Municipal Corporation to implement
Solar operated water heating system
mandatory to all new buildings.Subsequently
Govt. of India Ministry of Non Conventional
energy has asked to follow Thane model.
 Award for Energy Conservation from the
Maharashtra Energy Development Agency for
two consecutive years 2003 & 2004
 Award for Excellence in Municipal Initiatives
from 'CRISIL' for the year 2004-2005.
 Sector Award at State level for Solid Waste
Management.
 National Award for Energy Conservation
Pollution Control Laboratory has been recognized by
Govt. Of India.

Environmental Status Report 2007-2008

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 WARDWISE...
THANE CITY,

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Environmental Status Report 2007-2008
 KALWA WARD

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Environmental Status Report 2007-2008
 KOPARI WARD

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Environmental Status Report 2007-2008
 MANPADA WARD

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Environmental Status Report 2007-2008