Nama : krisdiyanti

NIM :17.1335.S

Kelas : S1 Keperawatan 3B

THE LUNGS

The lungs are the center of the respiratory system in humans and many other animals
including a few fish and some snails. The lungs are located in the chest on either side of the heart in
the rib cage. Their function in the respiratory system is to extract oxygen from the atmosphere and
transfer it into the bloodstream, and to releas carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the
atmosphere, in a process of gas exchange. Every cell of the body needs oxygen to stay alive and
healty.

Humans have two lungs, a right lung and a left lung. The right lung is bigger than the left. In
human each lung is encased in a thin membranous sac called the pleura, and each is connected with
the trachea by its main bronchus ( large air passageway ) and with the heart by the pulmonary
ateries. The lungs are soft, light, spongy, elastic organs that normally, after birth always contain
some air. The tissue of the lungs can be affected by a number of respiratory diseases, including
pneumonia and lung cancer.

PNEUMONIA

Pneumonia is an inflammation of the airspaces (alveoli;singular alveolus ) in the lung most

commonly caused by infections. Bacteria, viruses, or fungi can cause the infection. There are also a
few noninfectious types of pneumonia that are caused by inhaling or aspirating foreign matter or
toxic substances into the lungs. People with infectius pneumonia often have productive cougt, fever
accompanied by shaking chills, shortness of breath, sharp or stabbing chest pain during deep
breaths, and increased rate the breathing. In elderly people, confusion may be the most prominent
sign.

Pneumonia is generally more serious when it affect older adults, infants and young children,
those with chronic medical conditions, or those with weakened immune function. Pneumonia should
be treated with antibiotics. Antibiotic medications are the treatment of choice for pneumonia
caused by bacterial and fungal infection. The exact choice of medications depends on many factors,
including the following the organism responsible for the infection, the likehood that organism is
resistant to certain antibiotics, and the patient’s underlying health condition.