The Art of Drawing Animals© 2008, 2011 Walter Foster Publishing, Ine. Artwork on pages 8 (value scales), 10, 11 (except *Negative Drawing” and “Drawing with Erasers”) and photographs on page 9 © 2006 Diane Catdaci. Artwork on front cover (horse) and pages 3, 68, 71 (bottom horse), 70-95 © 2008 Patricia Getha. Artwork on back cover and pages 16, 18-41 © 2008 Cindy Smith. Artwork on page 8 (except value scales) © 2007 Christopher Speakman. Artwork on front cover (dog; *Lexi Norton") and pages 1, 11 (*Negative Drawing’ and “Drawing with Erasers”), 14 (dog), 42, 44-67 © 2008 Nolon Stacey. Artwork and photographs on page 13 by Mia Tavonatt Arwwork on front cover (zebra stripes and clephant) and pages 7 Spray Fix"), 12, 14 (except dog), 15, 96, 98-113 and photo~ graphs on page 6 (studio, sketchbooks, sharpeners, and erasers) ‘© 2008 Linda Weil. Artwork on pages 114, 116-141 © 2008, Debra Kauffman Yaun, All rights reserved, Walter Foster is a registered urademark, Diglal edition: 978-1-61039-820-0 Solteover edition; 978-1-60038-130-4 ‘This book has been produced to sid the aspiring artist, Repro- duction of the work for study oF finished artis permissible. Any art produced or photomechanically reproduced from this publication for commercial purposes is forbidden without written, ‘consent from the publisher, Walter Foster Publishing, Ine wosress32The Art of Drawing AnimalsCONTENTS IwTRODUCTION To DRAWING ANIMALS Tools & Materials ‘The Elements of Drawing Basie Pencil Techniques 9 ‘Other Ways to Shade 10 Animal Textures R Drawing from Photographs B Perspective Basies 4 Bagy ANMAALS wird CINDY Sati. Bunny Kitten, Gosling Foal Doberman Puppy Bear Cub Kitten & Buterfly Fawn 32 Lion Cub 4 Yorkie Puppy 36 Lamb 38 Giralle Calf 40 Doss & Cars wir Notow Stacey. Cats in a Bag a Bulldog 46 Dachshunds 48 Kittens 50 ‘Cat Portrait 2 Springer Spaniel Puppy ca Husky 36 silver Tubby 38 Dalmatian 60 Maine Coon 2 Ocicat ot Labrador Retriever 66 HORSES & PONIES WITH PATRICIA GETHA ....-. 68 ‘Anatomy &¢ Proportion 70 Basic Profile Study 2 ‘Advanced Profiles um Polo Pony % Arabian Portrait 76 Appaloosa 78 Foal Standing 80 Poal Cantering al Standardbred Trotter 2 ‘American Saddlebred & Rider a Gypsy Vanner 86 ‘American Paint Horse 88 Pinto Pony 90 ‘American Morgan Horse 2 Dappled Pony 94 ‘Wit ANIMALS wir LINDA WEIL Asian Elephant ‘Australian Barking Owl 100 Tiger Cub 102 Koala lot Dingo 108 Kangaroo no ‘ANIMALS 1N CoLoRED PeNciL WITH Desea KAUFFMAN YauN. 2114 Colored Pencil Tools & Techniques hie Rooster ng Shetland Sheepdog 120 Gray Squirrel Re Horse Ls Lory 126 Leopard 18 Maine Coon 130 Alpaca 12 Box Turtle 4 Red Fox 136 Bush Baby 8 Cow 140 Impex. sone 142,CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO DRAWING ANIMALS Welcome to the exciting world of drawing animals in pencil! This compilation of projects from some of the mast popular Walter Foster titles provides inspiration and instruction for creating a vari- ety of animal drawings, including lovable cats and dogs, majestic horses and ponies, and the wondrous animals of the wild. From the fundamentals of drawing to special tips and advanced techniques, The Art of Drawing Animals is filled with step-by-step demonstra- tions to guide aspiring artists through the drawing process. There's even a section on drawing animals in colored pencil, so you can try your hand at another medium. The five artists in this collection have developed their own approach to pencil drawing, so there are countless lessons to be learned from their individual and distinet perspectives. Discover how fun and easy drawing animals can be!TOOLS & MATERIALS rowing is not only fun, but italso is an important artform, in sell, Even when you weite or print your name, you are actually drawing! Ifyou organize the lines, you can make shapes; and when you carry thata bit further and add dark and light shading, your drawings begin to take on a three-dimensional form and look more realistic. One of the great things about drawing is that you can do it anywhere, and the materials are very inexpensive. You do get what you pay for, though, so pur- chase the best you can afford at the time, and upgrade your supplies whenever possible, Although anything that will make a ‘mark can be used for some type of drawing, you'll want to make certain your magnificent efforts will last and not fade overtime ere are some materials that will get you off toa good start > Sketch Pads Youcan by spiral burd, sed rum bund shateboksin a.arely of sues. The pape inst Slotrocoks ot elgned fr thisbes worsening 2 fer of shot taking, a yeushauant wary abet o- Ac asterices th hem. YYouray mato arya smal naebeok size shtenose with Item tes. tsa good idea te cay ae sketch ack when ei on ton, Paper orang popes aralabenarange of sutace tenures: sncth rain te Insta a presse meus fan lta naroish Tovery rough Roush paper Fer ateraor ashes. The heave te wah the paper Aneta, cer pages tne beter or graphite eng breaus theycanwihstna sng far ce tant ide pape as ai uses paper ot yw over tine "Ra “4 Sharpeners ich pena oe page) ee Speci sharpens, whic it a eat sles. Areularhandhel sharpener canbe used Forwood eared and woodees onl bbe seo hav sea sharpener hand thse pons ot become dll Yaueanaso purchase an eleesharp tt bt 8 afd es cntl oe the shape cl he pelt. ‘A Work Statlon You dor needa itso ating abe stat raving many lat ravings ave een created on akc bk! Youtl need abardsrae tus 35 A droving toe or putea ring bas rm 29 spp ste), anesthe Popup te bard th, sch a2 bk orastack of oaks. Good ighing esses Bast te workin atta igh bat yao tan pclae dal bul, whch geo 08 hie ancetiniates he eo fae f tnd ul. Mak sue he ing ‘ec andthe tro sadousaling aon your wake, Ro youl ato ICs goodtohave afew ase on hd Pstcat wast ae goed ot removing harder perl mrs andorra age eae a crflwhen ng ip aera rubbing tad wt ane "hesuaceat he pape Ths eas a0 leoves cub so esate tty bush ‘hem anay wth a akeup cera lens rah Knee erasers vy lb Instead of binge Reade eset ossthe paper, guy dab athe are te ‘emo or ens one. roe ren eat |S adhesive pty, made fr aching pers Ide and wot damage the paper Plastic a Fi Camera ene bs A Watercolor Pant lack sirsn pat ca ae drain you ator. Dit he paint with water ta pp 2h, ligt yon, cada ah" ination) ———— wnweto acca cmap rmmagenterethacon ‘oahcetaets cam V Poneenrers ae KertrerteatvesePencus Soft pencils (labeled “B") produce strong, black tones; hard pen ceils labeled "H") create lighter marks. The higher the number that accompanies the leer, the harder or softer the lead. (For cxample, a 4B pencil is softer than a 2B pencil.) HB and F pen- cils are used for middle prades, We recommend starting with the {allowing range of wood-cased pencils: 2H, H, HB, F,B, and 2B, As your skill develop, you can experiment with different types of pencils, Some artists lke to use clutch pencils (also called “mechanical pencils"), which requite special sharpeners (see ‘age 6). You can also purchase woodless graphite pencils, which are great for covering large areas with tone or for making quik sketches, These pencils are usually very soft, and the graphite breaks easily. Charcoal pencils are also good for making very dark black marks, Keep in mind that tones vary among man- facturers—one brand's HB may look very different from another brands, so try to stick with one brand of pencil for & consistent range of ones, Spray Fi Ava st" droning ad protects it om sms Same ats it ‘sn Fane on pre douinas esate tent tpn th ih shang 28 li ate some delicate vate, However, sve mts wal for charcoal drawings, Fate ‘alae In spray as orn Boies, ut ou needa meuth atomizer ose Doe oat. Spay ans ar mre conven and hey he etry and mar ven Coase (Wm Pell An peri ih sharp pi roe ip ns, feng ond amour toto With Gl poi, you cn ake Steer ines ed sage sal ses. _————— ‘Charcoal Penell Chaco svery st s0ismudges easy and rotesa dank ma crates pencil {hatch Pont hich perl dove change in melee lent you nverned aust youre fort. Woodess [pete Waodlass Pend k sates elisa soli ca oF gahie covered ha thin sheath ate I pet for ceating baad sess foe. ———— === round ors ‘Snail ond rash — Pintbrushes 4 ow god plneuses mae apphing eereaiar wher mor eiyabe. Roun shes these tape tantra Up~ purchase them ng vaity of sees, fom vey smal rang deta meu for fing age aes. WATERCOLOR WASHES Incorporating washes of black watercaler ait inta your drawings cen give them a smooth, elegant quality hat you ca’ achieve with graphite or charcoal, Start by gathering two jars of lan water one for ean for misng the pain, Thin te pin wth water ta shoe amaunt. 3 god ie your brush and ane for adeing clear water to your pant. Then find an od dish, cup, or paint palette to use rsh withthe diluted mtu practice manipulating watercalor washes before sppying them to your drawings. Try adding dierent amounts af water othe nd stoke crs your paper. You don't need much paint—stat witha pee “a paertone Pline ligt scoss the oecsraee ora fa ‘exe hat susests nae dal 4 Gradation Pu Pre “4 wet on Dry srathsaoae the pape Sy paper ar overs tek mare wert your ty eater nus asyou stoke ‘Ts gesyona ged sy eng a ans amount ofconvo over tin fom dar ih thepan’s sora. ‘at can suggest rm. ics eat or ‘eta.THE ELEMENTS OF DRAWING rawing consists of three elements: line, shape, and form. The shape of an object can be deseribed with simple one-dimenstonal line. The three-dimensional version of the shape is known as the object's “form.” Ia pencil drawing, vat Live lightness or darkness of black ora color) deseribe form, giving an object the illusion of depth. In peneil drawing, values range from black (the darkest value) through different shades of gray to white (the lightest value). To make a two-dimensional object appear three-dimensional, you rust pay attention to the values ofthe highlights and shadows. When shading a subjeet, you must always con- ns in value (the rela- sider the light source, as this is what determines where you ‘Movine From Snare To Form ‘The first step in creating an object is establishing a line drawing for outline to delineate the flat area that the object takes up. This is known as the “shape” of the object. ‘The four basie shapes— the rectangle, citcle, triangle, and square—can appear to he three-dimensional by adding a few carcfully placed lines that suggest additional planes. By adding ellipses to the rectangle, circle, and tviangle, you've given the shapes dimenston and have Degun to produce a form within space. Now the shapes are a cylinder, sphere, and cone. Add a second square above and to the side ofthe frst square, couneet thew with parallel Lines, and you have a cube. ectongie Circle ylnder Tangle Cone cue CREATING VALUE SCALES Just asamusician uses amuscal scale to measure = ‘ange of notes, an atst uses a value scale to mes sure changes in value You can fer tthe wale scale 50 ou'lalways know how darko make your dark ‘values and haw light to make your highligh's. The stale als servesas a guide fr transiting from Tighter to darter shades. Making yout own vale sale wil help fama you with the afferet variations In value Work from light to dar, adding more and ‘more tone or successively darker values (as shown ‘at upperrigh), Then crete blended value scale {shown at lower igh) Use atortillon te smudge ard ‘lend each alu nt is neighboring valu rom ight to darko create gradation, highlights i shalows willbe ‘ADDING VALUE To Creare Form A shape can be further defined by showing how light hits the ‘object to create highlights and shadows, First note from which ireetion the source of light is coming. (In these examples, the light source is hearing from the upper right.) Then add the shadows accordingly, as shown in the examples below. The core shadow is the darkest area on the object and is opposite the light source. The cast shadow is what is thrown onto a nearby surface by the object. The highiight isthe lightest area on the object, ‘where the reflection of light is strongest. Reflected light, often ‘overlooked by beglnnes is sursounding light reflected tavo the shadowed area of an object. gig gnu cor stodow ieee Reicted iene ane - care ast show as shadow stadow ignite igi ae shadow etectes 4 et ast shaowBASIC PENCIL TECHNIQUES ‘ou can create an incredible vartety of effects with a peneil. By using various hand positions and shading techniques, you can pro- duce a world of different lines and strokes. Ifyou vary the way you hold the pencil, dhe mark the pencil makes changes. Is just 25 important t9 notice your pencil point. The point is every bit as essential as the type of lead in the pencil, Experiment with different ‘hand positions and techniques to see what your pencil can da! GRIPPING THE PenciL Many artists use two main hand positions for drawing. The writing position is good for very detailed work that requires fine hand con- trol. The underhand position allows fora freer stroke with more arm movement—the motion is almost like painting. (See the captions below for more information on using both hand positions.) Using the Wilting Pesiton Thi nl posien pods he mastcontl Theaccs Using the Undarhand Postion Pct vp te peel wn urkand ser bln te tate, pei esha esult ar peflet fo render dels a aces Whenyour__peellsteentte umd and ees ger the remining gers cane sone he tard snthis poston, ace alan sheet paper ude aura 6 reentsmueng. fel. You can cal bent stag feo hs pston. PRACTICING Basic TecHmiQuEs By studying the basic peneil techniques below, you can leatn to render everything from te rough, wrinkled skin of an elephant to the soft, fully fur ofa bunny. Whatever tecbniques you use, though, remember to shade evenly. Shading in a mechanical, side-to-side direction, with each stroke ending below the last, can create unwanted bands of tone throughout the shaded area. Instead try shading evenly, in a hack-and-forth motion over the same area, varying the spot where the pencil paint changes direction, Matching Thc teiemethd af ehaing chosing Craashatehng For dar chain pas ayers ofp. anareawtha sees ef parallel sotes The dose the fe toes on op of re aot at ayn es. asin Sees the darter hone wi be ae or vaies by pacing te oes se fogee ‘Shading Darkly oy sponges prsivetothe pes Shading with Texture for arntec cera, ee the Blanding To nash t he tase suse sakes, you acest, ea aes of shdig. sé ofthe pen ite apy smal reer sakes. ely he ines witha ion oes,OTHER WAYS TO SHADE Practicing Lines ‘When drawing lines, itis not necessary to always use a sharp point. In fact, sometimes a blunt point may create a more desir able effect. When using larger lead diameters, the eflect of a blunt paint is even mare evident. Play around with your pencils to familiarize yourself with the different types of lines they can create. Make every kind of stroke you can think of, using both a sharp point and a blunt point. Practice the strokes below to help you loosen up, As you experintent, you will find that some of your doodles will Dring to mind certain imagery or textures. For example, litle V3 ‘ean be reminiscent of bieds lying, whereas wavy lines ean indi- Drawing with a Sharp Point ss ser of pre nes. Ty them ena ther ange thom. Make some oftham caren toh shor ad ngstokes. Then iy some waynes aa ange ud some ih sho etic stokes. ey mating» pal and ‘her grouping shar caved ne get. Then practice ann te el tebe = rusia Os Vand Us re same ofthe most cnr alphabet shapes wad in dein, Mf 8% X In G ‘ Drawing with a Blunt Ponts soo toke the sore ones andy bem ia ut pln Een you use the same ha postons a stoke, the esl il ee ‘nt when you sith perl. Takea ok ethese eae. Thesame shapes wee dawn ‘th bth ers bu the unt perl reduced ferent images. You cn crete alum poi yan ett he pens on a randpape loc arom 2 ogh ner a Pap PAINTING" WITH PENCIL ‘When you use painterly strokes, your drawing will take on a ‘new dimension, Think of your pencil asa brush and allow your- sell to pat more of your arm into the stroke. To ereate this ellect, ty using the underhand position, holding your pencil between your thumb and index finger and using the side of the pencil. (See page 9.) Ifyou rotate the pencil in your hand every few strokes, you will not have to sharpen it a frequently. The larger the lead, the wider the stroke will be. The soiter the lead, the ‘more painterly an effect you will have. The examples below were all made on smooth paper with a 6B pencil, but you can expert ‘ment with rough papers for more broken effec, > starting Simply Fist experimen witver- ab tert cared Aloe ape es wehbe ress. Then lahore pressure wit > varying the Pressure Padomy vezyng he presureat {erent poms onirus te kcep our stotestoase > Using Smaller Strokes sae sri hes rhe fist xa pe Ts isremnsent eather anal tn For the secon examaie (iar nh ase son, alerting oles! may ad ii presse toesiea pater tats seit one ike > Loosening Up selon ete! strokes, vey pesurefor uch sroke ut yaustat tose longs (en "ih. Now cat short ite movement th you a ra, 20 Ther va wav rave mst, vayingie presse (orig, loFinpine Your Srvte. Many great artists of the past can now be identified by their ‘unique experiments with line. Van Gogh's drawings were a feast > Using Crss-crossed Strokes 101 ike + seed deaLffne dean Your wo. yout ind tat osshtching allows you = Ietorconvol ae page 9. ‘Youcanachat the depot your sadng by angng thedistance between our srskes > Drawing Smal Dots Ihistemniee scales pots fern ses 9 treat vatiou depths nd shades Stpping takesa ret oa of pre: Sonandpacice Necarive Drawinc Negative drawing means defining an object by filling in the area around it rather than the object itself. This method is particularly tusefial when the object in the foreground is lighter in tone than the background, as well as for drawing hair. You can easily draw Inair using lines, but how do you draw light hair? You draw the negative shadows etween the halts. SS SC SS N ‘Using egtive Drawing fr Hair Once rege pac lesa bore), Yuan texture ad toe tincvdal aso sve them more realism and cet (cose ie. cof calligraphic lines; Seurat became synonymous with poimtllisin; and Glacomett was famous for his scribble, Find your own stylet > Shotching Civeuar Scribbles you wk wth ‘hese, ou are pbs very ‘ernerta th youre ‘hese oping ms suet a feeform syethatiemere Conaned tering > Simulating Brush stokes Yu cen cere the me rate by Z peryenrer Tanto tfc = pnenghuies Yue a — SSnectnyo wo gt = from aeshatchig These stokes areal or ats+ Siegen Drawine wit Erasers. Graphite is very easy to manipulate with erasers. Not only can ‘you correct mistakes, but you can use them to soften lines, create lighter shading, pall out highlights, and even draw. You can also use erasers to lighten objects, suggesting distance, The process of creating light areas or shapes on a darker graphite background is called “iting out. Drawing Mair Yo reas atx: tare aplasia of shading Then linen the dreion ota row, Drawing Lines with an Eraser ui stoking the edge of aad se acres [yop esteina desrine hat canbe ‘he to sugges gis. SMUDGING ‘Smudgingisan important << Smudging on Rough << Smudging on Smooth ‘technique for creating shading Surfaces Use 6 pron Surfaces Usea48 pee And graients. Use atorillon ough paper Make your stokes on plat rch pape. Stoke ‘rehome doth to blend your ithe aie fre pena an sth he death pene and stoke. tis important fo not use ‘er, inthis example, efi ‘hen tend you stokes witha your Finger, because your ‘sveryaranaar| tenon. ‘even f clean, has natural ols thatean damage your art.ANIMAL TEXTURES here isa vas range of textures you can create for skin and air, andl each requires a slighty different technique to achieve areal istic effect. The samples below break down the process of drawing six different textures into steps. Mast of these techniques are used in the “Wild Animale" chapter ofthis hook, so you may want to refer to these pages when following the step-by-slep projects. ‘Suort FuR ‘Step One Cate aight deco tha eles of ‘i shor pee stokes ‘im mechanical perl (te pene mustbe ey sap achieve is (ect) Draw th sakes Inthe detonef ho o ‘goth and vod losing Lon Hak Step Ove Usea vere Sharp HE-s im mec Capone serena sees ton, canes soles tomate" of 20 tgp nes. Draw ale line ina clam inthe ‘se decton aot these nah ieconandoath are ‘tes ote ater amo. ‘Step Two tow sea ‘hop HB end eos the second ae sing hesame ec sin step oe. art inthe ore ae: stead leave some ofthe paper Shonngtvaush he fino fring. ‘Step Two As wit he Shor ssa sharp 8 lerdfortne con Ie, making purses ‘roe nda tha ih thes Agi. lene ora ofce Showingtveugh he stokes Rouen, Wainxten Sxin ‘Step One Win abr pny down tentare Thenusea fein much he Saleh pps Tiyt keep some res lige snsome deer soyoudort aeatez fons ‘Step Two Usa sharp 2itandthe erombine” tectnigue Gee page 02) aha seep fine a You make witout ting ‘he thsion ofa aney tenure, Tench an HB oceania Sear nonontatae ve the gp ties Step Three Swichioa ees again wah thesane Shorts strokes, Tis feepersthe one and ‘reales relic etre, the ueauched aes ook eter redial als. Tissue forthe angaroonpae 0 ‘Step Three Swish oa perce bud wear are ightest es nd areas were ou want the decpst shadows. rate” and eights “hema eal or rain dogs nth ong Step Three Akers etreon an HB and 338, aang wore ines are ‘rumbleines re he {ist ays Ths tecriaue work wel fr phat ‘nace, ara some ‘epi ides econ aso fect fr ose ano adn ite undereat ‘ete tha pn ‘Sworr, PATTERNED FuR Step One Use burt pect in spote veer tase pe vod ina sir manne an tp one ofShrt Fa bat al ‘Step Two How switch 1938 HB pent mae sor sckesttata- ‘Fou. nthe spoted reas eep he stoles ‘se togee nthe updo areasby pacing liter area eep he aMule ke athe spar tons. Leave some paper nce fori. Wurre Hain rranylsety peed Sates varying the pressor eth she Btu the ove rote inthe igh eas ahaha. TH rth isusetor ne aes fro page 93 Step One when dow ing wth the ite ofthe paper does most fe worry. Yu lel eed ton regen aes. rete hound oth 2 sry 2 ee bay Ahan sie nine {ast shadow ses. ep You stokes ver vey ah im folowing de ‘ionot ai gow Dor Joo many nes = youdort wanton nat ‘het ens Reprite Skin Stop Three Suit o2 Shap 28 cally cr 2 the dao shadow ‘an the ite the oer reset Son of wt a Now dd sim gtsokes together mare tet, Thisteusedin ‘helighiest areas ofthe alton pages Step One wih a ei drew a sees at res inane decan and aroner srs of es inthe appt deton foradiamond pater. Usea plant pene ‘in ech daond with comin eves UsetheHtoftintne Hight nite otine nda hee tiv sound Ignign inte pple ach came Cernerofeach diamond. hadou beter each ‘Step Tao Use the a1 tosteke nthe oppeste recon op abe sn Minch damon “ecensaing en the ‘ote bend the tne. lower gta eae shape, Stop Three Fray use ate cesta ne dares Sado aesin he lover gut exn clamor Then ‘sean HB oad cal ses ov the pres Toye erring ct oe.DRAWING FROM PHOTOGRAPHS A nares sien on he nore vith meebo op tivating subjects can be challenging to draw from Iie, To capture Meeting pose—as well asthe lighting and mood of the moment—you may choose to work from photos. Always snap photographs from different angles and under different lighting to give yourself plenty of choices for your drawing—or use artistic license (the artist's prerogative to alter the photo relerence) and combine several references to complete one drawing, Don't ever feel as if you have to be a slave to any given reference; artistic license allows you ( alter the composition—or even the subject itself however you please! For instance, you may use one photo as a reference for the pose, another for the textue ofthe far, and your memory for the shape of the eye. I's all up to you! Copying a Portrait topo retrece san aor eaptred the oble gaze and ested Psa chaatiics ots pana trse Because the photo mas so arte tingle itatuly—asie rom a un teers more tatu ok, TRACING AND TRANSFERRING Pace shee of racing paper ontop of your photo reference and trace ‘the aor outlines ofthe animal Then Use Cansferpoper—thin sheet of paper that are coated on ane sie wit) an even application of graphite 0 Itanser he image to your drawing asper. Pace the transfer paper ontop ‘of your drawing paper, grphite-side down, holding the canst paper in place wil tis’ tape. Then place the tracing paper ontop ofthe ansfer per you may nee to enlarge or reduce the image ona photocopies te ‘Mtyou rawing paper and gl trace te ines witha pene ora sharp ‘object that won't leave amar, such 5a stylus or the pointed edge af the thane ofa thin paintbrush, The ines wil transfer ote drawing paper brow. ‘You can purchase transfer pape at an art supply store, or you can make your om, lust cover the back of the traced image mth an even layer of ‘rapt, place the graphite ie ontop ofthe drawing paper, ad lightly {tac the line ofthe kath fo transfer hem, check underneath the ta {er paper ecasionaly to make sure the nes that have anstered arent too ight orto dak vs aS | ‘Combining References rhe arist edt een pnts to co Pete he raving bel. The pres of therein gat above clearly shows ‘een forthe casas Proportions. Bt the ais ened Replosaigitiersbite vec — Sa the deta ncluting thet i 2PERSPECTIVE BASICS ‘ora drawing to be considered realistic, t needs to give the impression that tt inbabitsa three-dimensional space with depth and distance. To do this, employ the rules of perspective in your drawings. The fist (and most important) rule of perspective is that ‘objects that are closest to the viewer appear larger than objeets that are farther away. Here youll find demonstrations of linear perspec tive (one- and two-point perspective), as well as atmospheric perspective and foreshortening. For more information, see William F. Powell's book Perspective (ALI3) in Walter Foster's Artist’s Library series. 4 one Point Perspective mane pin pepe, thee enone vais pl 7, cepa at wk allpespecve nes converge a seem toxansh Fst ‘ham azo ine on your paper represent hr on Ine or ee tee nering te Pat four eves, at wher your ees lookin Then pace a dt the feet the far the VP Next awa etl ewe farrigbethatrrsacs the HLatago-dee angle. Aout ‘heeruares ofthis in shoul be bow the Hand ‘out one-quarter shade ew iain tha is ert ne ening ate Now aie the "apf fea the VP, and atthe fom the batom ofthe sate tthe WP. This shaped ule aus ut See exc whee he op and tomo eh scsi fe ilo, Two Point Perspective Inno pint perspective hee are wo vn pois The besa 0 demansatethis sy rang tee mensinal cube Fst rw an a place ‘one VP th fare and ance onthe frst, Daw asoere ire hte the Hat about the aay pi rhe cere pos.” Tine should extend above a bean the Wat areal dance. Dw Une fiom te tpt etc athe pt that nent ach VP. rau wn are lies ah hse gt he centr post. Thee new ox ep rst the ones fou eu. Alte pi where cache post ntemeca the VP ies, vane ack the oppoite P These ines orm be bekedges you be, andthe ce were hey ners ues yo tthe pesto thera bck cere pot, completing our cbe. etched aby elgharn my cube to demons wanna flected by pespeciv. The clean’ et ate positnedon he btm comes the abe, and te pecspecve of the VPs dey tts postions. > atmoephore Perspective tector pod mayo eae ne % sion of depth anddstacein yur rings oto use wo Sobre especie, whe sates tha, ue to pats thea, objetsin he distance appears isin and wih soe edge Z thar they wot inthe teresourd. So, ation to appear f Ing poporionstly smal ton abjecs deseo te vet, bet he distance sad als appar eri os ‘example the ai fomed aches pty G2e pages roa alla od even ove teenie dog ett hen “iForesnorrenine As you learned with Iinear perspective, things appear smaller the farther away they become; the same is true with parts on objects. Foreshortening causes the closest part of an object to appear larger than parts that are farther away. Foreshortening pertains only to objects that are not parallel co the picture plane. Because of your viewing angle, you must shorten the lines on the sides of the nearest objet to show that it recedes in the distance. For example, if you look at someone holding his arm straight down against the side of his body, the arm is perfectly vertical (and parallel wo the picture plane), s0 it ‘appears to be in proportion with the rest of his body. But if he raises his arm and points it directly at you, the arm Is now angled (and no longer parallel to the picture plane), so iL appears disproportionate to the rest of the body. (The hand looks bigger and the arm, Jooks shorter.) So you would draw a large hand and an arm with shortened sides, That's, foreshortening—now just apply those rules to the animals you draw, when necessary. > visual example Tosco oreshorening in actor, ld cn lat staph eri nt fou. Rappers asc Now the ate slony aay fom eu. The plate now apps much Shores shape scale ap "ellose: "¥ Rocognsing Freshortening This shichof an igunaisaso04 example of esha Note he erence these fhe iguana right fot cempred ot et fc The ot was dwn much anger becsse Ws aera the Inconeet Drawing Elipses An lie sary cine hat has een freshotene, as scasedsbove'simporan for atsste be bea cect dawn lips. sis ane fhe most besishapes ued in rang navn seis flips a shown here Sa. by dens 3 at square than seit wih a hovz ie nd ver ine xed thehezo lines ated the op an atom urease eed cre hole athe a gh Cate sve a venos ht eae th log the hia ine. Go ack {ete squar andra cave rom pole ont oo the gure, shown hr. Repeat his sare cae inthe remaining unt (tam te paper you dre ithe) and you have created a perfctr he eure Repeat th preces in each he narouirg recanlestopccuc2enge felipe, Use seers whenever yo have iiaty ning symntia nlipe orice.CHAPTER 2 BABY ANIMALS WITH CINDY SMITH A native of Boise, Idaho, Cindy Smith has been producing artwork since early childhood. Although wildlife is her favorite subject. Cindy enjoys the challenge of creating remarkably realistic pencil drawings of anything—from people and buildings to flowers and automobiles. She also employs a variety of other media, such as oil, acrylic, and watercolor pencil; her collection of works even includes digital art and videos. Passionate about the great outdoors, she spends many weekends camping, fishing, and taking photo references for her art in the mountains and deserts of Idaho with her family. Some of Cindy’s other hobbies are basket weaving, crocheting, cross stitching, and carving rhea eggs.‘Step One | besinby sing ane pncito shee hebumey ehand Tebaserune- Step Two Na sch 428 pnd sta ding the aye (se “hac he Eje™ sof the bums head 2nd body makes ths ney ask Then iat (tmp ou") on age). rose, and eas. The use a Ment ple the whisker marings an ‘hee ofcetet for, ‘ser, use he ame pect 9 bean ang down shor sokesin the aes areas ‘fi, ae wl asa tect shad under tbe bry. ‘Step Three th 208 por io the ae! ae off se ick shat tapering Step FOUF Next he miion eas of othe head ar body using 28 nH ‘ote cattle pening ortega ittone reas lencatare endl casos blending stokes withthe beste rsh Fr the dake aren around ‘on auigin te dear off goth, and apy longer stokes forthe hak aound the ose 2 pen Then eae vats V shapes oughout tear tacit 2 ly Deng ars bic rch sometimes aed a-aeco uch, nent ok "elumpy"loa, sna beg acsrg some arto the ge of thebunn/s le ee sakes ocreate asf miso The ae he shar sng 24 pec ore inheraiskrs nda forthe datas,> Step Five 1 conn sping he dark ardnidione Suro the fet and eas, and seattle to bend the SHADING Ss essen thea ret tthe pre and 0 overt ene bury, efiing shadows and shapes. THE EYE hen fxm my ended race ort toe thelgtest ar ao use headed ease It tpi sanet ne ror he el, eat ae route ees ‘Step Two 130228: finite ‘ian Bondi wth oro. 8 ‘e810 inte pup. abo eine ‘heim aroun the eye witha 28 ad en the tne wt atte, ‘Step Four For ine whe areas sound he i ase 3 B88 fala neste tea Step Six Tocceate eae cots, ace alte dark andigh aes he fu. Then ed some plas ad petits "around the ‘ion to ie im otuars fom urn. bul up the pebies nd snd witha pent and hey wea ortlon bend he one, shape akeadedeasernton pnd thermo ee. elt dabarthe aks to ese Naas.KITTEN ‘Step One {place 2shet facing paper on pom trench anit trae ‘he btn nat atures thee, being carte the one gh also coutine the owing the etna the tarot. Once te olin has eer et oneal Fecha the hikes onthe spent Stop Two | rst the othe omy downy paper ee “acing and astra“ on page) athe en define al ears, raping patil aterbonto te ees, Ssthey ile he ol pit theo rfre the dvs es ofthe ae ng 128 pee butt amcartlt eave aight cache art hse gga be ‘elghst eas ofthe aig ith he pups ing the dares. ‘Step Three | cist shade, sng 228 pols emohaebe she dae ea of he ur wh uso taper Sroes ht ae ied the nae he ‘ies yaaa thr en "NepaveDauing” an page). Net =4étone Step Four layne mite eos athe arth ap peel and se 2 pnd forthe othe eyesore aig highs each. Ten use ator soften dhe sight tie fr. Nea bend the dastates aed ines gtr wit be brite bash, se, Using seeping baeanéfoth matin> step Six |g over ce dares reas tha pe ad ut apie ‘in yea taser in eget ‘reas for rater convast make suethe perl otine the ade am eae toto rendr toe mach data inthe gs, 2 ne fas of tH dz shoul Behe rel en, “4 Step Five ou igs om ther wth eae erase phe ta sharp do. as se the ined eect he erase ite the hikes. it nM perl ‘ten the res tthe be ofthe wars Next ad some ree unde te ter ug ‘eit pencs oes at pero be aang the a Thes swith oa 38 perl ti theaters between he pass bles, Berang them Wehner rush aGOSLING > Stepone son by cng set ‘lta paper over my efron po atc vaing the gsi Then freehand {he wate ples and tec 1am areal rnettomake a solider forthe gos. 2 Intec shar quick sik on = . ‘outines to piece of drawing paper ir go > Step Two Wi2 <8 pena outne ‘he eye nal inthe pup Tan se 51am es ad tenth one ‘tha ttl. tase a2 eae the Shaw ates on he sing. lng the ‘ieconofthe ethers Nest |enrten te area where go's boo ees ‘he ate Tantei ering he 5 ngs ath ancnemety sharp 28 perl. use a 28 othe cares eas and Sn fothemitnes appt ier es ast wa 3 ase sar ue, {peng stokes orelpying echoed aes, starting wh he rest rs ‘Sharpen my prc ery ew stokes. > Step Three Icotnuereierngthe ‘aon the goae’s bead, wang in ‘he same ation 30 the bad. se the eyesanéon the i Ten goer the ere gst emphasn shadows citng ut Hal itha oaos ‘ast sing, lexi placingthe ‘thatorttn. sind the darkest. sess ofthe roche The out Same sat feathers long the outlet he sting witha reas erst,> Step Four nit apstoraenin ‘pophee powder haves cae rom sharpening ally pecs) and sy pred th cer chi combina tor fren: grades of peri inte rc rae ofthe ater ito gh ges inte water sng a tneaded eraser cet 2 shaped. Then sea «8 Ia stent tn darkest eas ofthe > Step Five iceatetherockwththe Same eeniqns se forthe te | Ie aBtorecaest aeas,ipatot- Toni phe pone forthe ictones, ancpulloutghigis ith a nese ‘Step Six Atrening ne rong lone afew dys cme backlash ees. nati that he gating bleeds init the eater, 0 use ap Mpa data ier aes of IWewaterand 2 pnt fr deeper nes, The i some ore ram the gsngs het ete restr cota wh he wa, ew ean see the gsm cee cen be ‘cal come bckto a pice tr 3 fu ays and make any essary amen‘Step One Using tng pape cutin te foal and isa eats, ad he fie hand he enihing marines nthe estos body. This hese map ct the lt ard ak alos ofthe bay Het rant uti dawg apt. fi ae ‘Step Three Net! daten he ees, oss and eas ith 2 48, use 228 forthe mur rds thehere rnc th th ame pene. sence mslewhatorin make t2pper smo On the neck ue short. ick tapering sok an ‘le hin th dake ares ofthe he fom I ‘Stop Two ih 228, bei latte darkest eas, se vayng degrees of presse ‘ove sawing some depth. concenrae an refning he ile ard place ‘jan other al stares. ‘Stop Four | frish he eat witha shrp28, using sha stokes and blending wih the bile rh. Ten ppp he ine es of Un body and ee using 26 cetrue vzyng the ypes ond dreies fry toes, long te pater and tak pes. ‘Ther Bln the ore th atten,D> Step Five bein etn the darts and isin te apts fn he her aneasothehai-wih an pra thn go back oer te sarees ita 28.0148 fepencing onthe tone sere les nthe ight wees se myhended ‘re tat te hts. pitch he aser oa shay ee an wth ick hte an ‘thor ou api forint igh rhas. othe a ad mane, tus 2892) thelr ha anda a to eae dpe. Then ln the tone wth he ste rush “4 Stop Six ou 50 oer the entre hers, eins the ant and dares nd eight ral depth and "ent Thes ad 2 Sil rou th 24, guciy aang rocks ed gravel anion blessing wit heise sho ‘eed the one iy, ure nese rsr to out ase igs: My gaa forthe round iso make smote and ot fete om the oa.DOBERMAN PuPpPY ‘Step One To vs hs aig aceasta rag pope onto of yee pata ty race theoutie ara fac features lth upp. ase mapa te jo vers sha the pts far athe hes and pa, 5 wll the Ugh eyebrow Ther ante the cutie ran pepe, j & i [\ See | { S>—)| \ ‘Stop Two stating wih te ee, oun and dae the pups with a 48 Ther iia thelist 22, setting De toe wth utton to achieve ass ol Lusethe saz 28 obec rating he bumpy ter onthe vse being cael ole top freon one nose teri rete the form Then une a4 afer he aie (See “raving te Nase an Muze on page mere infomation) ‘Stop Three seg 48 pec 2 lng toa stokes tothe dokest yeas ofthe ‘a ae, pas, 2 Boe. Asan make sure my Gresoow te econo te hat {ruth ntng were he asia ranges det (noly nthe chest ad ppt shes fe oeteg9). ih 28 pec reat the aus, al ats anne mua inte he tier args. To crete the wiseshat hang down em the ‘mute, nly raw arcu thee areas wher shadingthe ver chet Four conte tbl vp the dakest reas onthe ches, shouts. and fae we the 48 pene lacing ae pressure on the evo are aeas ard vies pressure gle oes. oi nrg lore the igh ates tabs> Step Five Neate Areunded 28 enti and at telgter oes Inthe aes pet custyaoied hes, evs chet mutt ond yet ase he same prraltoturhe have Theuperparaf the fce, phe for coer Ilene tne wth > ‘ott Step Six How ise 28a futher darken the body per patothe one neat eg wee needed, suchas lng the eegsof ine font legs and shoulders i oserto cece has Fetwringtothe ees mk the puis a5 dk posse ingots hig i each wen Pied load mace tenets thet ofthe nase edness Arana gy unc te pups thst an oes and Then the tone tha veil DRAWING THE NOSE AND MuzzLe ¥ ae ‘Step One sa by sch teshae ofthe nose and mz, claing ewes on he ‘eral case tough he milf he as. Tent ase 228 enc tone main eas ofsadon. Step Two |use sell 280 coverthe rose wth sal chaste. Nota abr he ec cease bit atts stage Step The |i anther ayer of cre sokes Inthe mitre aes. tren swtchto 248 and 3 more cel sroks oth appr part Fhe ‘rei. These ath separatians between ake nd dk he theres et ppesraes, To 6d Tove tothe mize are, sean enol nd ight tour Then ademas ena he wr matings. Step Four How Lmake te cae ss 2en dae wht 9B pen darken th upgerarea inthe sts eave outer ede iter. The se Sal ph ces stokes on he Wot ah ase tees atone aes wha nese rasa for hits ad mere oe to te muzzle lune perl ra ther dete the hikers ‘romine pf the ce on neo, 2BEAR CUB » Stepone icutne ‘eas sape and faci feouresofthe ea sing ) ‘cng pape. Then ie hard tech he we and heideiingmartscl thee, Nw tans the vtnec tooo oteauing pape rection otha gout Then taemy aBardgo ack ve the ea, ing ‘ator stash Next bend he nes together vith the biste Dus. aBandon forthe mie aa iaher seas fe fae. Then (ie a aBtosadentty- Inge dave aeasot {hear such as dete ams, de the cin ‘he bocleg. and bebe ‘he toes Fe the ages, dlkrfur use 48 wth tapeng ses rite ere or ach 5 unr ‘he ee ase wal 4B and salting maven, wetenee een ‘etoile Loreena wceatent ou scapes ee Snes! ey imrabh stooping 4 Souter ( peered — ime te pcr sothepee Step Two bein the | Sa Step Four How use avery sharp 28 ayn same ines nthe ‘bs ney ths, tapering stokes epread oer tthe se rsh Then use ‘red crt alot tone othe ies areas ott> Step Five Nests acca ere my revs on tha 28 peel ang move Sucks or eth tthe tone ess Tense 248 tithe dat ‘my suotess as same esate cabs fur ae any mated athe tan swat. > step sie eanine acing depths te cb ars semble, crete the tenes ofthebae ‘A Step Seven Tos emphasie a hed th 3 ‘andi out Mglabe wher nenced. isk se ce {adie he rang tom sane—ahen peed wt he darkalus and taht pees a, sn my ravi.KITTEN & BUTTERFLY > StepOne Isa by . > Step Tw toutne trac the outine fhe : Uhebite’sepes ith ten, tung he fel x ‘Band inhe pois, features Ts tenis leaving shih inch, looking pat tery, Re ff Ther 158928 forthe ie ad instep 6 Insane tend te tore Tana th eating sation seine onthe ites boy, re) fncthen tance te fie henoze ana 28 ‘tines to dring and hear soe and ser earn he om nn 48 Then urea 38 Tosser aeteing me aa sipeson te ad aes Se ey ee se peepee ig?) ste peg ee 6477: ‘eee ero Step Five west vse Wee's bo. ase he sme tape rote ihe 9B ocasinaiy te ane tlie isch am et trend 8 othe longer nat on tpt ‘he ac Leone to eave spaces athe lgtest as Or a the furs been | bakit a ‘eh aes wth longer, smother ses> Step Sixt se:ny headed eases toUitot hihi Then wo bak over east’ ph Next ata the btlely howe the kes hes. ee 92849 see euraioe oe eee a ee Wa > Step Seven conning with be bute usean pene orth hee anessothe upper wires, 2H forthe ere ofthe nn anda ey Shar forth ata aes aly, Tee 3810 crate the shadow under thot, and the endo tone wth ‘elon ors sth sh.FAWN ‘Step One | begin by sng tog paper reste the asc ute athe fa, nung ‘hea atures. ter rear the ening markings ar map out ales, Pane fart cet droning ape ‘Step Two Hin he pp with eB ae se 28 forthe cute round the ee, whieh ‘er wth aol Tan iin thersts wth 2 4B ar shade he op othe one ih 12 ing csr vos tv Ret ey attr deteing der reson theresa the eum. ‘Stop Three | continuo empha cvier sesh foun ns 28 a fay ent tout so tango back ter and rae ary necessary corto. we on tee, hg ant peel and tapering sos for igh ates, 20 fr he mites, ad a te ‘diet ress Ten lend stove witht betes ‘Step Four ou! sam ny tortion ahs fos hs i ap nthe darker, Sper as wit 22 penal. se ong. apaing stokes and am cart fo te seton oft gon. ‘Step Five Forte Usher mions onthe hea, le #2 pndland the sane on, topeeg ees tht end arn dar tvs Tone anche eng an hee es of eBoy sng the se fe wiht boa, arg oth wih a8 peel ‘Step Six | begin developing te dark ates on he fa’ back wth 248 us ong. rqsoes Ive some rae it for n,m vk ote ater 28 po, cancenvate moro lowing he dtl har roth han preing thee ‘a4 Stop Seven now use 228 penctts Flin sae ofthe areas nthe backthat, nese prey fe wt Ther sean Nperetistart reste aakeoind een te spaces betwee the reeds th 248 pene seni the tone wt the bite bush Nou car see ‘hebase etines forthe eed opLION CuB Step Two sizing wth the ees, 1use2 480 inthe pups ar tine the oy. ade th are pats ofthe its ka 28a bln the tone te igs ates of thei wth aoe. Neat use a 4B othe mouth and nests se a 28 a relat ‘oes forthe ipofthe nose Then wor rom the aes el he ye pte ore ‘etslatrg he dar, meciom, nit toes oh es af the es ey do th “ars rt th stort, gu, erg stokes. Forth mone, tse a 2 an anger stokes, caso esding with he bie sh 1 step Four ox own the ie fhe nose witha dll ying in ted ‘nc dle the moat ay nthe mictons witha 38 etblshing nero tones fe from ther ie of he ee 4 Step Ove ce he outed incu a5 heal etre andthe lost mating of teu. The ease te dain go another ice of ape. “4 Step Three 13502 48%ofltn the dakar ea and hen sch: 328 pone a begin the mdtone usaf aon te head. pero see rs bush blend and sed the one use my ead rer pnd oa shaped anda he ier has, when IRs ct he one Ise the rise bush, By aon theca you tan see how eit the pate ofthe fur belore ag the dra tas,iy 28 a deting teak arson th ows and chest carly rai roe AW) Fag i eis Shy hi nol Wc Wain NA ‘Step Sevan | nase ne aks nd gs a oer th ca or eter ora. Then rate as Sato wih 28 er ly ending the one wh aon. For darker shad add ater yr alton in these manner. Now ny raving compete 5YORKIE PUPPY ‘Step One | ae te moj ules ths acl oe puppy andthe teacup using treng pape. Then renard he ser afr aings te dogs rns he houing arate pesca paper. = 5s Pow <8. =o ‘Step To | besn shading oultrng he yes ad ely ling in ees with a a8 pen Bering he fonein th ins tha ot. f'n he pp wig heer Prossueandieiga hihlaMineach. aka the or with car sos and 4B eae create he dk aes dere ote ith a8 eat elastin he er 2323 of he head ith 2 48, eating sme mites by blr th toe wi he iste bash Ther tus 328 an lng aperng thes rhe mites fhe eas | inde tone insite the ers witha toron tomate ok he sin ‘Step Thre | contine wing he head testing between an Wad 2B fete lighiersnd mitre sos. repctely ue lr, oping eas, Sang ae tothe ection of hap at “Haw” Ugh hay ing ou one hy eaded eraser lace oa share ede, nd sea tad 3 ea darter hasthrous ‘nor depo daw darker indi arse eter hal invvious recon ferarore natal appeatace. Then slarn the wishes lh ses of eros wh an pen ‘Sap Four test use 348 to dien he darts binging othe iad hak eon tins ng au ir ae hy irene ater a pial lena serene ‘thee wth he site bh lat lagi he dae aeas of pas wh 2 leaving wht areas forthe ae aes. sithto waning the teacup ete isle ‘the paws 50a mak the pws von he tacp. ase an pet cove tho etie apogee kes that ar cose gether a arate ayer of perc the (er ee ote cap and sot conve ding the drt ecp ad ser wn ashar 28 geese 4 rhe tinea tens ofthe wer anda 28 the atest fons. Then sea 2B a a da shang the utr edges ofthc an ‘tue achiev aunded lek, est create dri ofthe pawswihagB pecLAMB » StepOne inesc yusingtaceg paper to ‘ate oline fe las bay ae fa features. Thon een thelign ad dik aes othe woo wsingoos, a Sag ies. a80 frehandthe bade ot 2055 Now I vanster tne tines craving ope > step tivee lures da gb so, ose, salar strokes tobe fsblshne he dasand ‘adowed aes he fool cartier, ‘raster the ‘ier seas of ool and eos, igh stokes othe lghior ses. The er soe kesh ‘teas, f e > Step Two 1use gbtocreate the anes, areas of he os nse the eyes th ertlon "eeate sal el stakes 9 ste etre faioreoe wera (orthedaner areas anda Norte igherates. > Step Four tcontnue rh nme woah Band a8 pecs. Mend epearor] i / emmcovcicea ja Jame Y ic) io “> cnet dette Sain srenetne Stowe Tet‘A Stop Five | use my kneaded eraser ois Ths inne woot Then go Bak win my 4B pedo rire the ak ares othe ees, os, an muse {22810 emphesz the dar ats ofthe mad Then Iban ‘the sassy sachin he bags wih 22H pena > step Six \useusti0 {itn he spaces beeen thebladeso gassthen "ad one tothe aces ing beaded eraser.GIRAFFE CALF > Step Ove ego by eet acing ie tine ae fc features ofthe aon a x het oftcing paper place ver my felerence pot. he ose pen ‘heat oe ranterng he etch coo eaing paper > step Two | sarvth lay Insome toe with 328 ena beeen ‘eth tilt scive otek eure. Then sean pena arte more ofthe acl etre Wina28 perc shace is theta of aan op afte the por ‘heme > Step Three is |cene thee’ sptswtha very ‘orp 28 pn srg shot, {apeig sues in he decion ofthe goth ater wil ‘aetna te con: tous ofthe muscles) fuse anCHAPTER 3 DoGS & CATS WITH NOLON STACEY Nolon Stacey is a self-taught graphite artist who specializes in real- istic portraits of animals, people, and rural scenery. As a child in South Yorkshire, England, Nolon cultivated his interest in drawing throughout school, He eventually earned a degree in mathematics from Warwick University, but he soon returned to his artistic pas- sion. He currently lives in North Yorkshire, England, and under takes a variety of commissioned work, ranging from portraits of people and pets to buildings and street scenes, Nolon also publishes through Kadinsky Art and sells his work through Presence Gallery in North Yorkshi e, England.CATS IN A BAG ‘Step Ome wits so mach ofthe es Boies bscured by the as, this a lately simple i aes Seat. datinet reyes he its i pra pl er eA a fain mon aos. nde ya al th ce hth ees eo a tse pce flor peered ee oat, ‘Step Two linet he as wishes blo shud to ese the we of the paper (Seeindsha" on page 12) Then begining ul athe Dak areas fhe dar, ocingher in a 28 enc This ines some rete caving wich simpy rmeasthatl shade sou the chmps ofa. The at that Ishetched these has as pat thet ein makes this proces ch itr, {heats an he og To mode he ld and okies othe wthan creer ad dates areas of sadon acehe suas Under ba tsng th 8 penal ‘Step Four Now lasress th hat on he at sta: Being ith the markings on the oebs, se 28 an 8 pert ceat the darker ad ihe spect. ‘Satigim th recon lh rath, ove up ne mice the aa ie ‘uid ast nove toward the des Using and es, ick same hal couse forrealsn As get dose tothe beg whee the hase shadow am corscous a darken nyo Ug ts sane shotng method me acoss the est ofthe cat ace and ‘deve ont ps. fe ae merely a te das aro the paws, 87 ‘Mock hs loer ae tg an perch. Ithen go ve agin oh 928 peel tl ‘eaureand eae cps ofa ss lock me Musing an HS pel‘Step Five ns he scat yang am M pee daffy it ies win he ‘aad tte othe wstare othe ace ale daa th rahe te opp ers he tom, aap) sales ete nse ene. agpy me esr the pect he sides oth ras and ova etiam a cet for. {als athe dx ise marings onthe hes. ‘Step Six 1use there same pacessio shade he esa. ant theca aight to be Slight than heat et, ever white pape show ireugh hy gel lines 351 rts. constant tu tomy reference mage scan acureely recreate he !makingsin my dang chaning fom the Hohe 28 pnd rhe darker makings. Step Seven | use back shang appvngan erento pie oan ae one to fff he second eat ‘sing an HB pon and bin toate pe {ale fine th as he cat’ chin as the same empl the raving, use an lee trai luther define ‘ome othe wists.BULLDOG > Step One isthe cutineofte he sng an penlpeigslgha the Fight andaborehe mie of my caving ae. ate arch inating te mz the tthe body soning. soln gutesinpeta stata the stole, ont puns and wat Unie heer bd vse Inaweie hs seh shave definite rasta bepn ‘ading, dling ter wh stokestha flew the deco of hago, ‘Step Two hen ny ntl shee witha paty eraser alo calu “adhesive pty) tmethen ue #28 pert Heck the dest area, wh nce eee, at and ‘ett open out Tes appy yea HB ratte each eye hening the ton ime ta the tom edges to ge thera spel oak. the ge fe of {one ish by dararng he skin fond te eyes and then compete te gt ee in the ‘Soe ment aio eras ote one nae by saving oncom race oer ayer of {ore ings #8penc Nace ow the caclain the mde ofthe ove alpen om ‘heros and miles, eng the so of uate inthis we. ‘Step Three tow | move on oe hat. Bugs havea ity shr, course coats will beuting shor perc stakes aught ie hc. bei ih the aren entthe heat mich athe sins anda thin the ea Using 28 pec apply sha "Sake n the deectn of owt. The hal ays ews aay fom he eyes seh Spiel shape, moving up ve he ea ad et ovate es, and alo doe ie of ‘hr murs ar oitanar ofthe ee. Remembering th pater make th ey agosensi. Thess nes no! oy prove me withthe ark eas, ul they ‘ete sale, nove mageale as ore face thal ean adress one at tine ‘Stop Four Swi t0an HB genius the same shor stokes 0 2 the hae Spl ey Wom te ee intently eve ates of ppe shoving vough my nes, ‘nlc ten goover tha 24 pee ciete the pet aes orbmue process ‘vr th rest afte hed he dar 8 ne tat apple arse a shown trogh {helper M8 tes, ang te impression ffs and gsr. Forte white pach on ‘heehee, mercy ake ews ines wi on pedo inate bt ba ‘Stop Five The mazes sig ier are foxes ys white has art lc sin bane create is ok using vary shor pec sto, linge been ‘heals, Te area dec bel he nse nthe lowe ips atmot fe ata, <0 Ina fo sy are and tare sing #38 pn Thon appl afowechs of for more white ar onthe mz ad ag the tps he eas1» Step Seven I ish teers ih a layer aH Me nse of theca has ‘gest aha apt mere presse eerie fhe ies and then 248 islight io theop othe rege sing pst eraser. Now Fim ee) work on ‘hebae.The ees en ste shaded uncesid, apy ak shang tee dng th hl of he ches. wot nay the sare wey don ‘eta, applying te carer es esto race the liso an pregressirg toligher ests very importa tha au sty your eee ag to flow “Step Eight hn the és in pace, simp bl uptone oe the sen ing ees of ine than HS pn ahem he pessire as | move tomar he outer og, Net |soke Tethefrcl ha white essing te of pen sates than; he lc ahade the area wih an proshow hate In shadow (eerste whiter onthe hee ‘Sct dnc wart the rear ofthe body oreo dat Fomthe hea. 01 aan use boc shading ee with an 8 pel nd oughly > othe area with stokes ofa 2B o sunset the dition fhe ha Step Mine Asha rensis now the paws which an tobe detain thenend (they ae the fregrund. shade te nals, sapling dark edge to cachsing 328 perc Then 2 these using lt HB pee alo the teeing the vest whe ta idete flected igh. shade the undesies {fhe ads sing an HS pee then apa graphite sng ery smal eee to Imply araugh tere Next thei bln up the yer ron he paws wha 2 pec appigte ines clsrogeter the shad, suc as betwee he ‘ots. Fishing the paws assole as pov sale ayer of perl oer theentie areatoineate the wate of he brow. Fly, our the dog vith sable shadow. aplyite waphte wth 28 perc under te body a eh fhe aes onde ber wth ete,DACHSHUNDS ‘Step One vere tong wo smi Sos, he hese Dachshunds, important toderty nd tans the dteenesbeuser hem, Yeu donate yp ah & ‘ani oft dgsthat lok ert Wh hs mind, akon Bot gs sil US| Desi y marking ot he eral ape fhe oes une cies represent bovis ard ads. Then al gh shapes ote maze, car andes wa the two dese be olga th same ig but agal |b0wan em oak te the same mage pate, sigh tower the zal the dg onthe ig Deen poston ofthe earls eps sings eto, ‘Step Thre tow | bic in te darks areas the dogs sing 28 en bein wth ‘he lak fhe ors and the eyes eng the highs eof tne, Then section fl theres of eh y Spy nating De edges wth suokes thao te area hair gow ier lin thse vas wha 28 pen, silsrang inthe eto ofa ‘owt ondtapeing ac stoke anit more rd he ee Othe eto. Inte as, fevare ay aon tht not apenr ack ‘Step Two | no in une my tne provide abeteride ofthe dog ste Ft rae tenet esther eu eving jl the olin of he oss Ther ane acl estures an dry the manmarings ofthe oats. or ant any has ines hat may show though ter, ol wea uty rset my ne drawing Uri can rary thes 5 my ba or creating» much mre dee ne rig. mark out he mn eas! has sin the rection of pot The chest ‘saute complenin ems ove deel aha gowthehanges seattle tomy pot reference fo ear ‘Stop Four ‘ow ea blcking some of eager aes off. taccmplh isin {we stages es four adie) Using 2B pes appa shat an very ak ies ‘er the op the heads, sos maz, rd cone the eh Ila nes Closer gate in dhe es, suchas he below he ees a ete pa igh eas, suchas the tops ofthe ead. th pat the wit the paper shows, betneen totes eks tos harsh,‘Step Five The second tgeinvobes spying thy ayer of apie over the es {aoten he loka he ants Reba a ek ihe 2 pene eee ae ye, ua cael ot 0 apg oa mach esse tall war the esr tps threat fort sho tush Ast apo these lays oid the wo “bss oF thesis ef he faces andthe ie ar bain he eyes The atch oan HB a poly ihr aye apie cer se ates. “Step Sb | eects two stage proes of apping da lines owed by ayer of sheng rss the pecs ted aoe Then las he cht tng 20 penc, ‘piv sparse guidelines Inte econ thar gmt, With sa rowag nal ferent cient would be very 35 dp tha son ofa at ks ey Uuwatra ois poantorousiy mapout te Now ote al Tear essen three evans on th chest tom che ai Spee eth ie het an two above he gs The ha spas om est owns pt the neck and dom othe slorach, ‘Step Seven Wihthose sro pide in pace, am nu cane hat seca ed the Gar ea fh esd hinge pce tapeed stoke, ‘he ies orients am ne aye aan led othe exeting kes. Yu cans tat tsa povided the shape and suture of techs even ou ‘ose ‘Step Ekg The ares sd pe cnr with rn rt aka yer yawn muses and jaw seas he dog ta near the tps ofthe mes an hten ‘thepresureast move dm othe cheeky asthe ht his these areas moved {rth dr isk aig, eran sacs teen the ps, aed 39 te ‘Sots sng an pen aly use 38 peea gown e twaNosng Oasis ‘th spe as sodows besa hem.KITTENS ‘Step One Because my droning ibe lesa pproxinatly 8/2 soinches) andy enna phon athe ere 3st” mothe of rng. Tegra ough re ez ese ta have my proportions cone easngand alstg tele as recess. ile th gener shape othe tes thea the ens ana somerous gute rhe man ur matings. Step Three th my fr! sttehin ples inden ne hiss ere ang ny one ‘eae he, sip te drawing aa ay tage and sual beak the wie piper be shdingy ign th alae he ites eng 28 pec Ae fing pups ne sin round ve es uc 2 he dak wari Fe eae the thaw btano he ter nt sea of hb et spain Te ‘eat these dan stards far ose caw my es ig a baa fon atin. apoeayhalrht das’ appear colt lakin the elerence, ‘Step Two Once have pstinedhe features cust, shen mye rai with 2 ‘ate to hepa whe an bey eet, se this gue for fa out ena the botion, 501 code much deta along the edges sinpy bok she with ani pen Fal lock shade te ene ches sing a er perl an lend he raphe sng tas tfc ca! the one sar he ton. “Tobing atte etal othe res, use asta nylenser toca some ge! aie compete the dann whiskers ug an elec eraser, cag each one out ina ig stoke om whisk marigs on the chek Fore wishes tle, use cong ses and ant peel. .SPRINGER SPANIEL PUPPY > StepOne 1s ans Fags oti te {arse paper. tas onl the ‘nom Sac outines to ose that A {he proportons ar accurate and sty fuses oso 8 ‘Sint refenc pho Thent reine the otis to suet the tne 5 ecesuy. Using sho tapering stokes inate he econ afar south 21055 tine of theeyes a ase > Step Three Aferve acressethe cakes reas ‘wthton, incase the ale bystroking over them wh 2 A jc pds ateion tore cuning snd sulting pacerswintnera. af Retaing tote 8 nckt =f) siroke mthin dhe erst deine sstonds otha focusing on few the tection of he ‘enous ses an bond ely createthe ison ot orbital opi ayer ‘ftneto the nose using lah, elses. > Step Two 1usea 28 pen ‘oc in tne pus pup, ‘thing runaths hisit le 6h hr ies of ar sinatra the eyes The ‘se same perl ben evel dares areas fhalraround he oe sock ound face win thee, rd dow te bah aay ‘gon vaythe erg ofeach Stoke oe teh fon Toakng ta afer, an taper forscomessaetins metncenlies Go m. a9 > Step Four Now! sean He pen apy the ies tones tothe ops as. tle bogie the previous aor af fraps, carga shy took aka develo the ayes rane ang mares a ling ou ight eo pulltone ver te gt seas fe boy, comeing Theirs ofa lo Sen deelpinghe hal oe the es ace, soning unde and cer the esto low he ‘recon otha gratStep Five Using nt bat Femelle, impress ines Fore pup's whiter A ceveopthe oe the wir the impressed areas safe of pape, Spies backuning lat sb pel > Stop Seven wih sn pos, to develo the ae of we aan eat 0 eid aver en sho oan ne p's desi. als a ip ayer of papi seve fae sft cee shat under th pop beni te ‘Sokes hata > Step six ith an rc inate the ai onthe pus muri kes some ties ite stoke allow rey rfrence eaeily oat anreceate the pups aa crate pes The awe ‘nts he maing thin ne ite areas oft pus ot fuse a28 pect ané merely suggecths dren oa {gown win etna sucks, ig ues spouts, a ana pes acorn the Pheorefererce.HUSKY Stop One thishusyeinastihing tone 50 alo captures perl oka my rig dele once a darkbacgouri so he gy oa Mask tans fut onthe paper (Rememr at iher dps in he if geting ae inthe ht ofthe ape) bey sae rough lino te Husy- dor fine the seth ecaise putin the bacaund fst -1ean eae th sates ar. Hower make sie sion the features ccatl 0 mar the fos of skin that ep nde the stn ‘he upper body. ‘Stop Two Ibsen te background sing Bunt 8 pol wrkingaround tha shape ofthe do.| apy mor presste as move owardie boon | dnt waat a cetalee bucgoune that wal tke avy othe og, hep abt. my efrenc, eats vper boys dtr han the ler Dyan les, eure th by van bake sound ttat waatestrom dak moving up a To a rere se apathy eraser fostroke rough ines hep ef te having ving the impression of | oad Sule shadows pear he dogs gs. ea pen ese a Nout au he dg the doe sungesting ty ‘Step Three ow star ering onthe dg Fst pk ou he dares areasand shade ‘them with sharp 28 perl. Teselncethe eyes and rose ie. at his stare, ony requremuch dea. Ther | moe onthe ak url the head and back ina random, zag ios Rearing the Ped ash 28 perl an ey set resto ceveop te hau and oer he forehead and ou tard the eas The sy as lghares around he yes, 0 ere thse wht oo. ‘top Four \ now sntehtoan Hi penl nd gover the Suku ote head mh te ‘Sh ns flange sane deton a ee nso he. ten Be chad or he 423s fain ustg abl 2M penta one and este te wht oe pape. Tis method of 2pphing 28, thes 8, and feally 2H penis svesthe fra sense ofzeat dep epeat is etnique oer te baka hed. ppg nes dose togtis tore ny ielnes iat ences in te cot> StepFive Movneto thedoa'sback Iepet en ‘ects fading 19 rote. eer er (2A pena dow verte {hiphemasing eter tone Ff ato ane ‘amelie aon the ‘ceri dg and ‘onere the stomach este Thohind leg Blokin the furatte indies wen nH pec malig se tatthetone aterm thos ofthe sureuning eogouraleasette oe edge of ac ego suqestietiecatien. > step seven sc! ‘ominue acoss the neck, iiie etal this aes sot husky’ acestands ut ingly sean 8 perc an begining theate ith sokes a ‘he drecon thar som, appl nes orertgettorte crete teases inthe cat src 0 28 ere r theneckarea at eh, ‘ohare the cetis i shan My res re ‘sigy ngerne. as ther eetens round theneck 1 Step Eight | go overhead wt iat 2 penal tend th os and he pica theighits ‘ingapenl eraser. Te main hiss elute thera whore cmp of fr arecthngthe ht. ‘so blend along te leedge of te neckweritisetmes Comply halo. Ten sean #8 ene a shade ‘theremin paso the face ad ea. The shan ofthe face cue the net carer ofthe ee ane the elon thebase of themazcle and down te do's ches ously Sta thse areas using very de then ake he Icksdes ofthe es hichare doin shadow sng 928 ew. To Ms erase he top ofthe muzieta ceatemare ona wit es > stepstx toons nthe Font of og ‘Iecoat here much ger than cas tne bag sot use the same teenie aspen sep Haweser inte of Staring whe tes ofa 25percl sarewiniie Ines af an preter rove ote 2 adie yer the tpt he ant Sie of 2H pci tteave The whitofthe paper showing thou were the Tein trate neko the legeard the dog's frorengt stoulerSILVER TABBY ‘Step One ben by ugh shah the goer shape ole cat sng ar HB mechanical pen. Ts cts pose Imes er qutea sole outing 2s we av roeest0 ony about fat the moundof he at's back he nec ‘nce ead ine th es ad eats he ceo ensue at have exerting corel pooned se the esas glee ag ees an ne orne meu. ‘Step Four Asoc sel have shaded ot lb the lighest areas the ack asin stokes ith asap 28 pei. ty eaten sno rested ihe cat avg tree tones ofhae- te lad he Mart arene Indeed sth te et asthe hit fe pape ck ‘ny pens otras te ed ena stoke so sto ait ny harshegesio my tang This wl make edge lakes the ight areas uch ease ate, ‘Sap Two Wher am happy wth the ay and po ‘orton my ugh ean Mee the set trp myrou2h aio an bry se and ‘aca ue ruling deta cach ae features, uti and fr makings. peta ny ote lon ‘he deco of ar gewinsathey wor sow trough ‘he nl dain ‘Step Foe tno sich oan HB perl and lin the ‘evening areas ofthe ac These eas ae her ‘ars he bck so heep my stokes gt far pa. loningte whtef he paper to show tu betwee, "yar teale fay tes ost wi folowegte recon of a goth Ts sharon ete camps ‘of verging and paring ak Step Thre | 2m row ea tbo sadng the cas, preach nis eroning ite eet than us asthe catback is mst ack wt thes of aay and ighier Ppanay hrs fiat norte soay ha wang sn mpi econ persia at hey wal ein wie ou my le shaieg. hen sea sie mtd of Inde with aha perl Using ashy 54 pene tow nth ight teem baths spear iwc ‘nes apy ute of ress, hi signs ‘hepaper whe ceabne heb ie. This meadows me spy shade ver hase aes the nee esa ‘Hines il show tous ‘Step ix Aste aise and sh | ant tose te to the paper tat t showing touth by veri thee ares wi layer of gape The ny nas that now appear wie ae the vena has tat we ae leather. Appin ner at tage, athe hen at ao has he ere feist apie tat theedy there stening some athe hrs ne.‘Step Seven \caminie yp therektabepi ing the So use br penal ard block shader ek Se of TMeneck leave few we areas where the tis fatringthe fs een bata ne 29 pena eo the aretha ines the chek ee arg esto ‘ral thesppeamees af Step Tom How he niremsning eas ae he jes, os, ard wishes As aay sea 3B pela leckin he daest reas rast, the pul nde kin. soa theese hit hii ac each ppt enhance he molt appearance ofthe ey. Te Ick hae he es drove wth an Hp swing Inn pects erie f nee aiting ram he pl. dan the om, op ar cena ease of noel ages is frm, eee the vite es - ‘the ct fom behing el ta the cats rounded wel enough and oes needa cast he wher sing 3 pn sera to shar ed ease the ‘iss stating om the whisker mares and seeping ut and dow this te ae, Bu ih tobi: on thea se thar Hp shod Fala bth So hey San ut agate whe ecgioun. ‘Step Eight | ye hese mica nd 28 pene kes ging sobes of 228 and laren the ge na th blunt H pen Tenses fhe cas as are sgt fer bt hve as owing eve hemlock she this ate using an HB pene ander rae ter as thie stay edge can eraser Tent see the math tha dat shan, grata ering iovad te batt steer ‘Step Mine {inthe est ofthe cs ae ung an Mb ‘eat yn ofserd ne Legh nt Dressie wih the HB a cst the dare ateae and igen ny pressure ore ht area. Note hom he a rows cutromthe eyestowardthe ses of he Face and ‘odDALMATIAN > stp on 19 Shen tpt Dancin uugane pak ’ Asie abet ar nd ot ( o\ (onset eeatr ee rae a ‘stot mpsorane gi a 4 Steaphan ah Sermorgut canaries Section ope tee the mouth oe alla! anos > Step Two one hioy 1 ae oughly ark income othe ‘thee, beg cng so, tho drs areas sng 428 pec -Aough there are many back sets on thse, do tab Bek in ach ac pte ny, a 2s ofthe cost stilrefect at. radon the spe, Fhlokin the pupil the dar outine ot Sy J > 1 Step Three | now move onto ‘eens and eves. shad the yes ‘rund the pup. apply es resne tothe ate edge ofthese the ‘jeteties dinensonal ly Then ‘te ant 38 poeta sade roe sr avai he highs eur the ‘oss anche tp. tase darken ‘hers nthe mde ft ose andthe re beret he ost > step Four sihisstace Then develop the crater, inthe eyes, someon othe Strounng ara sea sharp 28 pela daw shor ines paling fearon he ens. mdi he presere tow ard above he ees lange ; ofthe spas on he fc, sok ) {he econ tht arent > StepFive How complete the "ek spots arg the areas it elected ih gin srg 2 chap 23 eral 16raw stor enes th che we ‘the paper shaving thoughto cesta lighten. sty my reference ho and rs hat my a oo he Secon otha gout, T arid ahah Une round the btm fhe rain, sez itn my pressure as apoch ‘he btm ee acing ute tneco Ino sages (eps saan seers "apie af 2H pence tre ere reeand Souder ofthe dog, ‘waa ating ut sthebtiom fhe rnin alias the at cee the * ‘ast shadow fe a. Eve a1 eck shade eat tee Greron apy f + ‘arias inthe pnc stokes that teen adn one te mth, apbyng heave presureothe ees rater spot tthe aps chek ™ “us * Step Eight now warkon the wie iro he ace Because thers i, do ned to wary oo mach Seles tens eee esp ‘oak bet i i at ne Using the un ie 24 prc allow the decton a a frowth and sheds below theeyear down the sie of he zal a50 adhe sue ‘ge onthe frton dad ena lang the ick thes, ‘ore ess ht iting th cot The ity shade Iarhings ae qt subtle, so suggest them singly sing (os aan Mpc Raye wth he 242 Shode even tearing phn separation saints Step Seven io ick the ates have jst shaded tha shar enc rater poy stoesin the detonate hai aronthto xing ‘ut ight ais. Sivan Shape cava and tect he stokes in ares wire asense of ep and grea overt oko thea repeat hs pres onthe oMAINE COON ‘Step One toes stein the eral shape othe cl This a es alerting ose: We ate viet a the ie, uti ee sume looing ele righty ‘par WE isin ming Sit the pustin of tect thee side of the paper THs {cetes mete rami compotion sd eneoutges the ewer order wht he as ‘Step To As sas, te une the pitnes unl have ete ne cain a work ‘sth Thi tningincldes defining the ests andthe mating ote east Also cate te pups, ung cas az so hat appears ook eee vezantspace bend. am ato concerned with he maringson he ba il ress es urge sang age ‘Step Three 1 vex shasing te ead sa sl be ‘he mre taxgateof i wing ld the back ess ofthe eys and os, as wo as te doves markings othe cs head simply creat shor ane ares wha 28 perc; makings fol he decom ath growth, ‘Step Four Swit layer pen ‘urter develo the masking ofthe Pea. he cases 2 lave Sark 501 se he penn ue pressure to ack sha tes tena more resis 2 sad ies als ete he ee cst shadow long the tap of sth eye. Ten loki the nse, ‘asening sg tonardthe Botan adsides to suggest is form, ‘Step Five To Misthe hed fsa the whiskers ia ar bt tine metal pin the | apy aie er {rape cnet ete wen tlng on pecan sigan he wt o hema te wate ae Suroundng he eyes. her appiy tore win the ar bytag shor sakes usagan HB pel The oat souliaher ound the 50 hang 3 sunt pena tI mave dew, Tori the od, at nde ‘hewn thane. fe metal polthen poy 2 ight lager of graphite vr he ent ae,‘Step Six ster frsnngte ron che nc, ace the cars of eresttthecatn one Step Sevan | now Bocksnade he entre body uta Bur HE prc, clang ny Ibex by ching othe darkest areas fr sng 928 penlanéa stresofliresin_ the mts he es, he ih fr atthe top of the ie athe ee of ea ts Ihedestn ef hago Toca the ere wre the ihe eck uray vt the dak caching te gh Aough em nly ok sing ais sag, ei llon the rection fue lekinthe area andthen eas te oveaag has Asthe ght cous eine a gonth, Theses that any fy shading pec sees show hough athe onto cat nostof he dates ison the backsothe es oly fal ete hated he lol enhance the appearance ‘the fr onthe legs sso neg anon he body —ith ns in mee my pert sirolesshartrithere arse > Step Eight Toure slop tecoa. 130 ‘nc vee enti body ta sharp 28 pec, applying inte ciecon ofa oh ‘andomly reste ares where my nes coer “ogee ad areas wert fat! ap ge ‘he oppearaceo! atures clamps wee ‘he co wrk cklines he her aa or texture hen use an eraser to reste ance ah has andi th ip ptchon hein arn, My) 4 Step Mine Fito rund the cat and pode sense of space In he rein | app layer of pend bel the body and et snghazontl stokes. fam not eating shadow rather, a twesngtheaepesrarce found ina caine bein the ctOCICAT ‘Step one teary strcng te ugh poston of bea plana place heaton 2 wll tahagig foun sol nakthis al bpacinga hort abr othe ‘rayup the paper. caw a age cick on ie fr he cat's ear ana smaller ie or {he tasted. sn theo cies wth seeping ines to inca te ches and bach. ls ada the es hid els show the decton ofthe c's head expnd on my oure rgb) aig the ant an aries, hea ar he fi features, ahs the Soposta match my foenes ‘Step Two Now ha have sop es of poston an prope, erase my augh ‘rain stint campltly ae eae dete ine raving ota. tue the Features and deloat the main ang othe c's cont lo seth the val Beet "he cat.Ntietatthecks are ot sip rectangles—they ae nega and crac. ‘Step Three Toten sang pick ut alte lack ates fhe a. These ince te ups os, ard black markings allover he body | snp lack same asic a ‘he puis using 28 pec—but he ack aes nthe coat need shave mor frm | Inte ese reas sing very shor nes neato ofa grew Nete ew these ‘tings oofrin pt atk fer th tte ba co tt ‘ound in eg whee he aces ‘Stop Four Ino staring the foto dhe ama yet ote ug ani pecover the eyes ard ose, leaving iia nthe eyes. hen aa nes Solusea sharp gen to aw shor tn upto thease aut ad the je nd cert top of teed. are vr the ick teas fe, thes ines cate the mica. av the whe oft paper showing oughta ind ae he Iter above arable the ees.‘Step Five tno ick shade the ete ca sing an pvc oer the at witha Single yer of graphite, iin ony he ite cin andthe en rund the noe. hen ply a second ayer verte ca, thstine ang the ihe chest an rons legs. sity aren the insides ofthe as then erase the say whee halts that ow over thea ‘Step Six wit ously teri toes in pace erate fx fhe oo. Using Sharp HB pec apy shart nes aver the naling the recon aha sith sear press te shade ress, sch asunder he haces ard moun te shal Ge To avenue the peat son my stokes. also py etre tthe Ugh cest and uses sing pena ish the cat erasing the hikes ug am lecticerser. The move the wal igi the cements shal cela sokes {Sno Highton my pressure a1 move dvr he wal fading crete af de. 4 Stop Sov | spp bse yer wih an pena ee ‘he entre alae lgrenng the pressure asimere down. then sth bc the HR perl nd oy ‘adder ares eating acs and igs am ‘afl nota allo hemlet dato eed, asitmay svat th ewer aenton Fem he a. To Asha cast shadows or he wal ote al andes.LABRADOR RETRIEVER @ a ‘Step One As! wants diavingiobe ary dead ard ee putas the it mth oat ry ine davis (See ps oe, tw, ad Tee on page $2) Once ove ny raid cutive ple nme ave acetal shang Us 3 289 "apy tne ine dare aso ppl he hn surauncig toes, the ga of ‘wt, andthe mouth en move onthe ose sing an anc rein vey sll ‘lesan arin these and pressure ta stgeet the erm caret ane he tops and sides ofthe ose white whee the gt sreectng nth case de isd ofthe sts ren akties reacin win. ? ‘Step Three ‘nw bein workanthe fx Alabadarharashor, yell on sv ‘ener talos exusively sing a tap HB pect an sort soko hat lw the ‘recon offi gw, ete gute alot of wt ape sboing hough my resto keep {hear igt.T change the tan, sly appt ines case gether orate part ‘ete irae eho atete To mab the otf heheh 3s ching, eo fr rae os such 2 aroun te ears an soe se st Tls beaks the space ‘Step Two To-ompetethe nossa HB pedo apis oer of sarger. cles seth ere ose, aning eam he Hg rd aig tte a0 5p) ae sod be te nose with 428 pen AS me cur a Sh nes a ‘exverge to 2 point sugesing gps between th it ais. Bore adaessing te ‘mots neo ner whiskers sha alngthe perp Then we the 38 pel {oatdtonet th sums, shin thera smooth and mot ook y lenin smal pc oF we. Nw shade the eng ith an HB pen se ths hao suggests Farm, ‘ving the sha oe the tongue utc, ‘Step Four from he mul crue up and er the top ofthe hens th he alas ‘hy fai Back and ot omar he eas lee he ig ae mzale a ea abe the eyes ales completely wheats is here the gi ting te dog’shene ‘ety apy very few lett nes wth a 2 pene tinate same a teeStep Five | wort on he cas inti tages: Insage ne, cate eet ofthe eas ‘sigan pen. makea lage a thenet eae afte er where lsh cave rm ies arnt te cgsof te ex, gin the impression it he coat continves the thers Th ight nh ear ston, 20! eave ales! ell. ‘Sta Sto stage spy apy an een age fH pel ovr the asking, Sse ha aap too much pressure dor wats era be dark 5 he nes Haid inthe ist stage A Labrador’ es are general date hans bas als lene ‘he area itha tue unl vec he dese tad. ae te eo sage et {ing ines with an pen ten shading oer he tp fr the ea dey blow the eh “4 Step Seven ow wos on te col Tere ae ast wo tues hee ‘earote=the atic and a the buck Fist iden tans oF a ee Barc "areca ror tre The ay ow hes ln he banda pl es and a28 pen To ve teiges om iy shade the of ea ie. ish thebane by apg ye of 4 peeve Te meta bude cy mone inate. 38d hap edges witha 28 pecan shade vere ete ea ‘ha pene ot hin win ended rer You en nent he ‘tended hihi sgt beyond te aca uth mast appa to relly shin. One nahh bz, the oa elon he nck it tad a oe of perl, ening the sakes th 2 se. Then oar e area whan 8 enc, stotng inthe ectons hal arth Yo Sep the ener fees onthe ag ade out radu lng ota rast subtle.CHAPTER 4 HORSES & PONIES WITH PATRICIA GETHA A graduate of the University of Cincinnati, Patricia Getha worked in the graphic arts industry as a pre-press professional for more than 20 years before pursuing a lifelong desire to paint and draw one of her favorite animals, the horse. As a young girl, she spent many summers looking after and showing horses. Drawing played a large role in Pat's life, but it was a love of horses that enabled her to master the subject. Pat is proficient in a variety of media, including watercolor ite, oil, and colored pencil. She exhibits both her art and photog, iphy in juried competitions and has won national awards for her exquisite work in both venues. Pat currently resides in Ohio and works primarily as a commission artist. EIANATOMY & PROPORTION Gone knoplele of telleeserenay Shatton and proportion is important for cor- rectly blocking in the basic shape of the subject atthe beginning of each dwing, Proportion refers to the proper relation fof one part to another or to the whale, particularly in terms of size or shape. Proportion is a Key factor in achieving a likeness of a subject. For drawing animals and people, artists often use head size asa measuring unit for determining the length of other body parts. For example, the body of the horse is about four times the length of its head. Uilizing this kind of approximation will help you draw the horse in correct proportion. Le > Tweens’ arg pe ist hihon Bs longed ead ote th wth th sl for he fread athe or Jamand th ng tapered ose, To make realistic drawings, keep in mind that the horse's structure is determined by its skeleton. You don't need to leara the names ofall the parts of the horse's anatomy, or even how to draw them; just keep the basic sizes and shapes in mind as you draw. For example, note the trian- ‘gular shape of the skull, the depth of the rib cage, and the joints in the legs. The vertebrae are slightly higher in the area over the rib ‘cage, forming the base of the horse's withers (see page 71). ‘¢menoatis had pec consing othe igo of enoBASIC PROFILE STUDY ‘Step One | se 20 48 peel and ah presuretotockinthe basic shape ofthe has's eo. falouingsh anges ofthe ramps equ, agra arated the ‘ule, a, ako he ead Ten idee hea wealth mapa as Shon. Ths wil prone aeerence fr ang elie ‘Step Three Working ithe uelites, beg eng the neck maze, ard aw| ‘ally place the ee ard ns hen date thee o hema usethe eled Tees oeheck be accuracy fy tepotons ard antes. ‘Step Two 1contin sn siphon nthe shape othe maze paying pate ir atetion ete ese gudeinesetsec Howl oughy nate ecu othe law tha sees of testa xen upto thease the es Then ada few cues t0 sages te form fe peck ‘Stop Four | deviop the etre a tear he out fotowthe secon aso espa ses alia folowing subtle‘Step Five Win she tasioutn nae rae he ini uate th tng e thay don st trough al ring, Todo hy a he Ines wie my eraser. teat, ea Tae my eutine ao alan sheet of oper bere moving ont the nes stops (Se “Tracing and Tansee” o 93803), ‘Step Sgn aphingoe sng esi sehig na rom se, sth acest hang, nth et i nlc alse patria he eof ee exe ofthe hase’ ct the et ep, ‘Step Seven i my basic ora pate este, my stakes th 9 torn. Te depen he aie, cone stoking a being swing to 2 6 perl the dat das. lend over gl nthe horse's ae out he ‘Septaewah an easeADVANCED PROFILES Step Ome 1 bea whan Hi pene can ast ase yal seca and ar misaks. Back nthe role ht outing the edges ard oul eating ck Once a lero, autho aah a "he spain: brtween valves. cleanup ay soy aks ‘oa gen an ih senanerser ae e. tHe ofl eet ‘Step Two | corte devoping young wth an HB cl 26dng the ack oven foxms of ee and “Step Thre Uses shes hal oon te gee de tin aha gro od oe the coat ard mane ap) eee a tony bd up the val ovine en sonore of males ters To hep make thetack uhh sth oat den gry son te sakes win igh blendig Fra aw quay, leave the stokes blended; owns you can he our drawing sib, glshe ook lenin yor stokes wt tote, ”POLO PONY Step One Usingan MB pec, beyinby Hcg ithebascshupesothe subject | _StepTwo Now ad indctons af mass, tck nd shou. stat el ay hash epee ad pve ressure it sol can aera eine the i theologies. andes elec! he nara caves othe leas, hades, shales, ad aa features, ct waryabt he lesan straps ths pan—Itstocson the uk ofthe der” the rere the nese he rier. Bein erasing arya estat no loge nee. ‘Step Three ch developing fom by ang ht yer of shang whan HB pn focus or the ares of shac, wring omg to drk Aad toe a, Treembert state the etn a a go, Te shares the pel rl bea ‘itening up te sap. ‘Step Four intel pas of my drawing use 828 68 penal dares the depest shaders nd deeop det For the mile ones, essen th restr oy pec ile malting te sketchy feet fhe stokes.ARABIAN PORTRAIT > Step one Iori this por wth ovis forthe head and mize he add sew \ elie, 8 soto eae rte \ points for ang the oa etre Fo ) ‘example, the uppemos:avzotal cane ~ inate he pordon ofthe tp of he ees. SN Now at tes inating the ei ed {euvedln rth jw The eel v iN Combining References To poi tfervces were usa this raw Ing perth art oth ead ad composton nthe ta te, but there otal osedhe ferec at ight to compete rt, 23 the eta inthe pot ponor mach share > step Two 1a on na gidlineo he ot \ ferock rein te bine econ froth, > step Theee acs pom, erste es along ead an etn alison Yous hs, you may that he gidesnes ‘er erasing wel enough fom tbe papers su face. te case, you cn nse your ot ne to a sh sot a opr Se “raed ‘Tanforing”on page 9) cotnun evlping / ‘he oat, eating the Se anges ao / cer he face and neck> step Four Now| sith to3 38 pen and bein applying tone the horse atchinthe her athe ea ce, eh ‘Step Fve nh ne basen! pane Inc, deeop the shang akan ‘he overtale ote horse. 1uee 3 ard blend he aero ‘nl phe mane wth sakes vara values sve areal ar teste ‘Step Six ins na stage oes on ring the ‘alustotte linens, isneh!oa cd's pe ce asf dark neta tens eas oasing ‘onthe asin shadow, Oc the des alee re “xcurate acarding othe elt, ie a read ‘oer allo or senthen any Magn For igh ea rd alt an stake verte mae ihe tein oF tairsowehAPPALOOSA Step One To recite ths photograph, decide use he width wich ses Soph ste saseeac ps ering unig ing peta cing gl of metre squtes ave a phatacoy af ny elereee sige pena uefa this 61 place outine myhan- own in sap Ee. ‘Step Three ose cat te cut ofthe hose by copying what se each Saar of heer taco cquare of ow gi (You may choose to ee he ‘ine singe sas sou amas canefneafeersensthe andor you car Be urls tharaugh sid by sing the fil eter and coat pte) ‘Stop Two Usirs aH pect anc ver ih pressure, eater fsa an my perth hohe sme number fro nel the ane pace ovr he re eve ere you want your inl raving eager han the referee, mat the ‘guste af he gion you wan yur Eat be emai, kaha saree emer) yi Gy ‘Stop Four Using the eraser grt rub away te i ines. nat tou too ha, (tathave ben accra erase, esting te oun so you hae Lou ly easing the tos you may want oan your outa sheet af paper. Seo acne Trarseng mpage)> Step Five How beg orig nein the Shon dass he body sinthe 28 2nd (68 pens se aes f grape buld my ‘anit soy start ot wits peste, tdi use ener reste develo the mus and ther ctl Wace that ee thespots ae sald —some eer cnn spats thensebes. atingan capurngthese suse: tis a rea youre dig, areasofthe horse use avelght aera tore {ommake sand at fom the wile thee ‘rund eae aly th ighes hgh 'netof ene: happen cover the i alot raphe wth = - —, A ; “Step Six comin aing vate tehnse ant N 1195, working every asthe sawing Forth htFOAL STANDING Step One | sethe Ho > \ ( J, \ penta daw the bcy tefal esablishrg the ces and mp | ft ote ih ht, ‘hate es ae aout ( \ {)/ feelin ae ap toomngnarte ta. ¥ fre. twebestobe tune een ae ane \ coer: onc onionopet Nyt eaetattche ( y rt the head, \ ‘the scl, bones and f Vif } kK At WW ‘enone. ‘Step Three wehbe dated auton in pce apply the be ptr tet the hee and wn rn ‘Stop Fours ispin ‘round working fom ight K Begin lenge stokes ‘oii Fesemere ae and heave presser {he shad hi ep gene attr For ‘hemae, se he hap Band apeing stokes, ‘arin the pressor reveal aliesFOAL CANTERING ‘Step One Th ot in aton she et of eed nih his ey posta, cael nti he oe ewat in Sheth Beene th he HE pee se Tighe sokes anc caving ies esas he bey: then Ibe defining the bulges ard sce thn the ine. I maith centrine sd brown fr featepaceme ‘Step Two tonne ting he ote ing esto he eh ce, gs tte the distinct carve fhe ec loge corto af te muscles 1a he mane ‘thst shor, random stokes: thn suggest heal witha Few cane kes, ‘Step Three |use sort ugh Soke suggest sour pans’ izay sping {oat begin ereatngthe shadows using 98 the wo aos he dy eve. oe theo cast shavowson the beck iti wth even dtr. ee the mane ar | ‘soy bldg Fh. tapairg stokes, ‘Step Four tow swch oe 8 pone nd appya mete polished Ler shes oer thers coat, lonrahececon ofhak gout. eoidsbotng ove the horse's bcs, ses rng rund the stig. ve he oe and ees moe ont! poping us the darks. and eteve highlights with aerateSTANDARDBRED TROTTER “4 Step Ove estssh he si cutie ofthe hse sing aH perl and ose Steen his ety ase, "hee test rs and astig as acess. 126d ow neste skin te format he muse VY in thts on ig oes woe ar {oped bn ater cso he ees De tt tacng owe sn Aka ie seals say tae oe pla \“Step Thee Hh point sich Bad bein ‘singe ret 248 fom. ld pte tne evenly ‘er the setting wi th shacows re ada ‘helper seas Tosupsest mover! in te Rave, 3734 endl tobe ry sadn ough at sey. ‘Step Four inthis ina stp, foes on pueirg phe values tick withthe Hand 28 fenciso hake win the ie areas, ulcer dase aes span Lo ‘seth stest pensar te crest eas, share pen cn bush he raphe cused eto o even anae othe paper saeAMERICAN SADDLEBRED & RIDER“4 Step Thee ting» pin plets wt seal ming elt itself values wa, engage Dac veysesay.starappingtone srg a¥eN Watecolr Wass” on pe]. mvingte rash the recto fair grt Tine eas ase 2 > Seep Four continu bing ute fos the arse and dew jets of at, aw he mass hy Benet apeatons Tis tecnico Layering ale Selene” alowsforsslow, otal lp oie ae proces srs sy radon Once the shadows reochthe dese lu, ihr an posh the ug, ‘rfl detinng te casofbnc ara the cases ofthe limeGYPSY VANNER 4 5tep One ving an 8 peel, ‘gy hte te nti ofthe ‘necessary, ou can Beak NS top down eto evn spl haps of Arles and ingest ack ne by sand et) se lew pee eee ~ etn ee shages at nate Spt cnr epg my ws loose andi Vanese ter ae cea. = ee -4Step Thee isis og, bes tozdl ore to ge my dani ani andthe stg ih tasters the ore T pleyoh ght oer he no's back nd este donee the msl rou therefore sou oe epttes ace ‘aay earning a9 pee pty ay te mie a atk toresaesthebey. sng abt neo pesuein the dare aes“Stop Four Hore1uses 38 pet and develop the oma btm y ing ater snarling ube shadows in he hie 38 Thee wht areas a resent que a chalenge wren renege Inpenct. oak“ things in Your onnendronmaé ane ace them that peti th fos These oldu ac” s1eas The callone af pene Sowing the tsk fect signing aang ofaes teach trea. Sometimes thlps to rasne brea own each salu ito 2 pcntge, tk bing 10 pecnt he drs aren and we bing Opera > Step Five ints al sae, Hiner th cont nai he eta. maar al ry aes ‘rekindle os, and Tarkan ne shadows wth 26 ‘you preera sate loko your fia vith toil,AMERICAN PAINT HORSE ‘Step Two iis stage, ree te daving and sat noe the placement maar rss res ssn aM. ee ese ash ees “Step Thre Foowng te patter of ore on ny wh ‘rene gy Sek the ings the aa ck ths alate detio f ot go tents tonete nigh and shadows.Step Four Hse sich oa 8 peniand rfp pace me fae cement’ sea tae pes he anes Shadow ares ad pick oat any hig hat mayhave been ‘eel edn sing cade erases By hs po, ar tose adefnte cot ater evelig andthe is an eo bento appear rounded and ee nero, “4 Step Five forts ral stase of ‘hediaing sates 68 pene ‘nd darn ea that eed ote st have lights and shadows Inuit ses, 0 isrpoart torte a fallrange of aes betes wht lack. Your rat se shoul appear have ferent Ferepround and safe strate he backups arasense of depth so end he distant grass ta ther recedes tram he ewe.PINTO PONY sent stenting tig nae uneane Tete ty we kane tae ot fee the ste sare ost nk testi tre icngrt iny ony \ Sr pss ypn eerie le \ | any iy ines ay Uae so ean easy ase er daw vere “Stop Tore ints stp iy Dock inte si ales wth qulek stokes that low the rat fow ot the coat and ar pay parteuaratenon where the Secon changes ous, sch ain he pate. to esp taste as possible hep nmin tha tere 2 ‘ery sone ht source luna the ack and tp the reine fly defn te "hese elfecls bacghing 2s cons: daa a thesce> Step Fur | cntnueta develop he stodous wih a8 pee because fhe stone ight thew gor Frc lotof etal this are, tut stl ght nde ‘what sve ete and sues heap ne enh {Using a very sharp 28 pence the mae wh or lupeing kes laying pressure ating the ies. areas often, You may chaos to ber hs area ansehen testes with ater) ve stoles et tao dr pick them cur wt kredederaer. ep on sspecaliyn the dare. ‘eat thecast shadow, ep toi that should aye fle! stare othe sce appears. the suace Isto the shadow soul apps! og 5 wel the sa faces snoath bed the Shadow tort smoot uniform tere. As shade the Bd. respec aril tse Meni wikis caused the longer fthe neck ana the be flinginon sal. ten fer an ar th he oa ke dog. They mist 2ceamplsh his ‘estanlg 50 sonehat Comal owateh—you weld think ht ore woud rt be able to does winout rig featAMERICAN MORGAN HORSE “4 Step one tis project depicts 2 Morgan age Hosein thee guste en The othe he freshened, 2h an hooves appear sight ge tan heh oes na freshened ie’ mporantoacretey ra hese ste ferences sothe ‘taming appears coet othe hua ee, Pratap do nat nays cera epic foreshore sabjects, som axa care 0 tine my reference for rans i especive, hich ae more anceabve a raving thanin a patgroh To beg gy raw ‘hebasic ute afte ama sng an HB pe hep thes "ahs da 0 can wae arf thin ae se > Step Two from intial oto. Ineaingthe mejor muscle groups andi ale ala ugh nan hale a Shon: Athi pot can sec my reer newt ees ances op mee ‘hr vrou rato sures ai wth ne acter, “4 Step Three sing 238 peck bentley sta areas show, land my phe wit apap tail a onthe ok 5 zp. Ahonen simmer ak # ey shart rd sy conch rect for amourtol gh Senin the raph ‘aotrethe eneatnese ofthe cost Us so oe ‘man anda th ine, he stots. vl bul up these Stokes In ‘the next eps.“4 Step Four 1s pin hve 2 got ea ofthe pocmet oat ‘he shad an high cntiuete bull je of raphe wt 2B pene you cag eve sate yu th, lending wath the tr lon tig. tvemare ary ght ue sn even wane sings kneaded ease > Step Five nthe fis stags; steht 68 peel an den the shane yin the ves anders, which p> ‘al vibleona hare t war. Tis wa ea to our rags Sonetines salto render eli whe” aeasn graphite, ety ne not eps wn am re oie in my ‘aniston fom ac dept Ws abso important eisngish thet areas of thecal shadow a he nate fess the gh To eccmpish th Lam nell ose ferent ange of values ‘thin ea exo of cstDAPPLED PONY a 4 Step One |: by Hocingin the msn fxm of boy asad head, Nace the aw the ach of he ack though ha in th fl dawg Tes aleays mgodantohave a sense oe undething shapes alpen. gh nthe hore, Howes ‘eau dra even fr seasoed ars. ts woh ‘let actcedawig them ra erent along. While tines acatege eran rae, Nise se stand ho al the parts of te body came tae. atop tet fae fos, ming MAE © deeming jst ow someting sul ok, > Step Two bul onthe ste om step 08 Lee ‘ea dca cing oth fora, iting te poon ‘tvsoa rai suc hghahs, end sadn, hep my ies ight 0 ean ter them 35 progress. ase ‘ani perfor this ste ath eas ner oo nas rove sat. Asa gener ule, use 20H or seching (eeesee had pecs teas and set pene for ‘th hares. 8 peas great eating mone. “4 Step Thee sep thee is patra propesson ino step oes yin the shadows ic epee ‘efecto te wing Hp yi ‘aes ght and yr the raphe to bul the ates. ‘cote bln the mare wth ar, apenas that cue to suggest ors there an back.“Step Four Idort aul ro ind! apes onthe cea ahr led the vals ogee an hen rfl pout the intr areas nth akredes ease "areata hep te edges sf har ges wi make eagle sprsr amar. Thy enol len io ane note and eect wary te i as nthe bey. 50 ‘he caplesn shadow Sou apear sight daira {hose the et hepthe cages some ado athe ok natural. avin pated lok Aer Ingout he pple ih sade oe the op fhe, ‘aang 4 he tne var he btm fhe Darel |, oso, Fortisstage, sth oa harden so Fm not | tenptestogetae sa. ‘Step Fve conn ding dimension omy deving hy ty shaing the ares recng le or og. | ery ‘nda the cect of te Bt by develo the ast shadow on te sas. Using sharp pes ayn ak uprod stokes everyng woes and recon ont th tent otie peat Te mtn red re much her ton the boa, so am alo mara his stein by ening areas fhe stokes ied weh dt ones. Te ap ftmemare doesnot ve a mh gt sng an 0 seh dares long ie 3 Now my ean comple.CHAPTER WILD ANI 5 MALS WITH LINDA WEIL Linda Weil lives and works in Melbourne, Australia, A graduate of RMIT University, Linda began her career in graphic design, pri- marily in the print industry. She has been art director and illustra- tor for a number of Australia’s national magazines, and she has specialized in botanical and natural history illustration. A member d a member of the Australian Guild of Realist Artists, Linda teaches and past secretary of the Wildlife Artist Society of Australasia, drawing locally to both beginners and advanced students, Her work has won numerous awards, and she exhibits in galleries and shows throughout Australia, Linda has traveled widely throughout Australia, France, Borneo, the United States, and South Africa, and many of her drawings are a result of the animals and sights she has seen on her travelsASIAN ELEPHANT ange animals such as elephants are great subjects for your fist attempts a drawing wildlife, The big, ound forms are easy to understand, and the textute of the skin is Tess daunting than fu, This project features an Asian elephant, which differs slightly from an African elephant in tha it has.a smaller ody and ears, a8 well asa rounder back. It also has a fourth toenail ‘om is rear feet and only one “finger” at the end ofits trunk, The ‘head and body are sparsely covered in wiry hai. Because they are ‘working animals, theie sks often have been cut short to prevent dlamage wo their surroundings. Nouing these chacactersties will help you accurately portray tis type of elephant. 4 St0p One no isn eran be tive st tape heh {Davie wed nd Serine To S06 pret arty tach cla heat edonkey feiss rte caine stint fonpuposes he ostne yousceveres mich Serna wa a 9 ‘yl ere mch Freon dang ‘ittha tonal ease ‘4 Step Three Using {orton ni dela ‘motion. sloay blend tne cat rape noe ‘te rs ofthe poner for asmooth sty lok "se thera grape ofthe tp othe tation {0 painter tres curthe wie ano the ‘epnanc Then tse ate the shadows om step wo. > Rowgh Sketch isin witha ugnskteh asa un retina ding Using sat 28 pec deine the gona ems the elegans inc fate the ihe ad ah ‘ping in mind thatthe lah Scomin om above Fit tar theirs ota is lphant Nuieysansteousen the bacground. < S10p 100 | e280 rate yer sof, sth nde of skin prirto ‘iangthe igh cele ‘one Using 28 wood lesepent mate zmat salar sotes a Inthe atest hcon 2s eave rg aes ‘Fw, 35 blend ‘he patie to there des ia the et tp. To help protect the white of ‘he paat tear 2ext09 love th tesigsafthe Fog etof a et Inyhando ashet of per that cover pt of ‘he craning sae. 4 step Four sete Fepite onthe Bp ofthe ‘onion “pala ste ‘ones on the ust, acs ‘he oehed and ea 308 nthe trunk ache Then ad ws sing asharpH meta {alpen sharper te sedges tec ake ‘ike ound te ees Then continue dom he oy, eng wile nd rate. add detisto The ton and deren the endef the uk, enlae aguante les oat ep ani ing 2 Sharp 2Bmechanca per si aren aa emacs ‘he wis a wel ae es oud he ees td ined he cor4 Step Five Yahihe 2Bpeel|coniuete Slop the rm a {ough eesti 4 Step Six Aer dak ina re as, switch 9 Sree and eae 5 Me lepan phasing pel an soe ofvousengsto repost the as Aitoionf psa tne pour as wen ast tment, ih the end ofthe elephants resulted inte clean’ trunk The use ap rear eg apoeanne in dak areas {oolong newt aise een he stokes and (he leaner ghee gas some depth, "aoand Sine et extadd tute deta carly ease the boom theft an toe. parton ofherearigte leg with kneaded err, sap, cant remeve fithetore. you can Se he there saat eres fot vena. ities under grass Inohe eat step, ‘oui ertey erase Row tu my ates te background, sing an F pent ra the shapes thehouse ech. Then sketch some palm eesand vegetation aun the hase es sith {oan MB pees devo he deta he house na ring tcomplete Overlay with he vig ew the sali lacedin an envronret lets is clon and aso Ire atte woring i, Te conection ote long ofthe Baka tay improved the work.AUSTRALIAN BARKING OWL > Basle Shapes 'sortby roving 1 singe ie forthe eae iin ‘Rharently ad etal ne that pres the cate of thehead My photos show tha the bodys apr 2 heads Nik tense een abo toabeut eas. use these Prins io dering hex the Femi as oral shapes ha repose th Body. Tes ad "hplccaent be ys at bak ‘dla the. he large, slightly crossed eyes and facial “mask” of the Australian Darking Owl are particularly striking. 1 visited a local wildlife sanctuary and closely observed this subject during a “free flight” demonstration. was able to take a num- ber of good photos ofthe bird in flight, as well as when it landed on a nearby fence railing, which is the pose I choose 19 depict. As T have mentioned, i always helpful to understand the anatomy ofthe animal you are drawing. When drawing birds, pay attention to the way the feathers lay. Most birds share the same general feather structure, 3 teler o diagrams in encyclopedias or other references for help. ‘Step One arrange al sch for my desig {awe pier of wag paper vee satch andere fy rae te ot andar ates, Ten ante the raloutine ors mya paper wth the bp 3 ght ox. Note tha the evesappear sisi. Many ie se acc tape a aw ees, bt pelt Grau tem neenand ete are pee ‘Step Four sou fus one boy tail sabingat te outire wna kneaded erase olsen I Then wort onthe feather shapes wh avery sharp HS prc making suche tes aya! he oper deco the tx, org down mewn, "eos wite spt ard makings ie ote ‘Step Two Stating wie his use an Henao lightly erates fine tha ate rm he pp Then use 3 28 prance stots tin the up Ate sharpering my 35, dare rus rund te ejebalt creates bets "eeie” ee. Lam vey ‘eft nop he Meigs inthe i je wht, 5 Pater wk round he hie fhe pperthan {cu tone ater. festa he pup ia rl 01 lage sigh ith a harp 28 pen The aight tenet susie Hand HB pers ithe see nays ean th econ hat the aes ay Step Fve tse haps pene to layer strles ontop ote previous HB stots |nakethese stokes he same lent ad use the same ancur ef pressures ith he He, but place the snes mich carer together Some of {he strokes snow trough, ving tne mpeson ota feather tee, 50 eave the oe ofeach ate ite, ‘Stap Three To chee the smoot seoktont ofthe festhe, ayer very stokes th shar 20 nd acl. conta yeti fears aos helene rea bth ace a arunath Bakthi, Hard 3 pen {5 here te eats rig use an pene and aves. ving tte btn the bea aye car votes wit 2Bta ratte dari, Ten Lad crear HB strokes ang the sil of beak and tenth one lenvinothy who sens oth Eek With he sa 38, "dak te rasalle and he otne the esk. Then jer move Wes 26055 he hak ‘Sap Six Nos ne 28 0 ate ater oes and shadows and sete HB ose nap of pre us as te hee. ao aw oreo he vos In oposite cect rosehathns) Ata at ‘xing tio oe ta wh a kee eraser, ate ‘he HS ndeiyer rte eat the4 Step Wine | dcite ocd a wooden ee {0 youne” thea. cate hae one wih 228 an soca stakes, then end ‘hetane even th 2 ton. athugh 2 ‘atl sound te edgs ofthe tan et. de smodgehem To eed hs se aches uty ou te smudges he redtine the edges wh shag 28 pon. ‘Step Seven |epeat ste sion the ia eters. Inge ot more cosshtching hee ha ote ey. ou dos observe aaa, ou wise hat reac Tee shining across th vis geste appearance of tossing) Returing he bey, use ast Bum. F pend and ety stoke al verte pews eso feathers evening out the tone and een the ether layers ta easing the ct of the chest ands wth a eae erase gly stoke teeters on te het Becta the igh directly tg these oth bia dot needa deplete ee ho atthe sugeston leathers willy fi he aps em, Ineouts chest an tees os bey ‘Step Eight | use 028 pec 0 darken healers, repeating tps ve ad 1 out some tone in he a th adhesi pty, foming it, ozawa srpes. Sit ‘singe sharp 28, aren sone te eaters othe (hast then use abla penal nd curses {rete alight bse top on teet To ul up om a the fea anther ayer of cela stokes than 8 er yt nae ayer tn 9 8 pon Seiten an F Deca fourth layer fel strokes, ight Meg Step Tam Hust an 8 pen o eae ees of sf ns downthe length the lank represent the rain of te lege preva jer Then sea very sharp 2Bpenct9 wood, daw hese lines very lose and ely Then | raw veal shes une the bs et nal athe 3 ‘haw wines onde een wll as dase th ine and gescartsndos. The vera oes cotat th the hol bes in he wood ar the pesh mare dmersion. IheateasBetucenhetoes Ins aed some darker ses AL point skepbackon looker a he mage as wl. Wit eel Gelbeat, lise 28 ard 8 pence ttound techs nd wn ‘add more dark tre andine aloe the boy, mig the et hed ches, ard nec, Now my Wark compleTIGER CUB Yer cine spe nth can be very ene aging large eyes and ears, fluffy fur, oversized feet, and sgangly limbs, To accurately represent a young anim: Important 10 observe the proportions of the head to the body when drawing, as these measurements ae very different from > tO git ee On { Dy Vis CPS BW Baste Shapes {sib droog ail or the ead ‘Ate sete ec vert an rary Doct Inthe eso the cured hoe i, Tn ls se sing asp cnet Leolirg at wy pao eer fences see har theo aout ends ee. ase 8 lage or eto, Ten blokin the rot ant ps remeber that eter abot 2/- hata, Stop Tro Tere ae few ac nes natn nod, spesate fred oy an bets reaction ahi 0 Sow tis, [rae algun om he ge of Then Ione the tp of 3 28 woods penal by abn it lonserapppes | raw bo lat sates Bl up he bacon lesngthe edges aged The a sharp 8 pera shor stokes ath stpes, Rough Sketch Using ny basicsapes asa guide| ‘eth and fie th cal festier and he deta witha 28 perc tei! warthe cu ot it artsy qu 2d ca seagraund tl funciona cast shadow Tis bacgound rns the ‘foe te cb'sbck an back nt tpt) Then "evshiy lace the stipes shadow aes ough ery rove hi hten fringe th he abet ree Chosen pose. Step Three Te cen ou the tren he bach! sddanater yee stokes wth bun M peel Tisha stm eet asusing sate le nes Now luseavery sharp 28 to devel the spe farther, sing the Same shor evokes at ow te deton sf Furst ao ase the 28 orate te shane areas om the bak eg, ie the ss, de the ei ne piace shar hr sokerallavertnecabney, ewe a foe rand shadowed seas inthe et an adults. The success of your port accuracy of the proportions. In this drawing, [employ the its technique of negative drawing, or creating the form of an object by drawing the area around it, Lalso introduce incising which allows you to create fine white lines in a dark area, will depend on the t ‘Step One | olace 2 pice of racing pape vere sketch td exeily nae he ate a he So andar tues Then use alight oxo arte ial une tate my pmo Ftrpricaton pees, ese ine ate ‘nut cater han asl ca them wil ety ease ‘the outines ih kneaded race asda ele te histersi th outer placanent but medal trae them, insta mors (rig th inte per aha king eel. (Se "ing blo INCISING ery dificult oceate tne whit ines Inareas where you have already added tne. ‘Areas way io create white nest indent ‘heminto the paper before you daw. This. called “inclsing" Usea saath slighty blunt object such a5 a iting needle, but make "re the pointina tao sharp. Ore youve visualized where your whte tines wil appear, “ara the ines with yourimplement, using ‘steady pressure tat shard enough‘ indent ‘the paper but not hard enough to gouge. Pay altertionto where you have already indented, ‘asthe lines quickly Seem to become invisible. When you draw overthe incised wea, the srapif wil “skip ver the indentations and leave behind clean white ines, 2s shown in he exampleshere.Step Four Wiha sarp 2 pn al ayes sort Sscks orth ene Boey.snothng and blenig the Pri ayer nw ned 934 avr meyers {leeds athe ao sk apear st a fy ‘Aer toying my refrence prt agin, a5 gh un pan ane aye very ta, crear subs or 3p fhe shatowed areas of thecal Then use 328 pn taceepenthe tore ofthe acgrund aswel asthe Gk anes he bck eg and ps aso se the shar 28 leat ake 2casin some fhe ties lee eas fine coat re often teste stonget Manabe Ther ase avery ap HA panto 56d mre ha nae vee hy, cohucng he eet, > Sap Seren ating stp bh eting mje omens deena oe Cast esting dr pest Sa at tocverate vst ee, soishapen te pl ns ey Ahoy stot ip yes cn an wal be Aeon rind he ote Peck (be nde of nn er Benet bt fom and des is Sketch ad ve cea stots (rat es etna ore a asl are cn ee Nose 3 feats ings wots 38 pet ra oc ben tec enter! fee at {Siu chien est eo fxn area th sete a mae whut tly pec. hs bese of andes bet cea tate fat esr) ere set arya sa wnt vee npr ate tere stagen ee ota te they pned It ant ssi age tune ct Ieee disor wear ay on stop fal eno m spl ard woke tree oe ut a Brett oe a bid upsome more fr erund he nck, bth des the fc, ond found he eas 24d bitmove one he Back pa to make ede ove a eine he on the es ap aroun mou. el any mae “weakin il overookeaning 3 delish by sii my rane. Step Five tow ase sharp 28 tod eda, hick Une aoa the ees, enpasing the ward cave on the oteredes. aw te pup atte top ofthe eb tosh an wmard gaze. Then aw ines that radiate add are states the ak gs oun the ees. Then add sot sharp 2 pene stokes al ve the to othe ha and sound the mouth fo ceate more sea unt F pena to a car stobes own theese ide that te A atin the tea oe paper coms tleKOALA ‘oalas are one of my favorite subjects to draw. Their faces Jhave such character, and their simple, round bodies are easy to draw frechand, Koalas don't move about muich—in fact, they sleep more than 18 hours a day! So if you see a koala awal be sure to take a photo because itis a rare opportunity. When drawing a koala, you will need to use a number of pencil tech- niques to create short and long. fur, white and dark fur, and the varied textures of the nose, claws, and eyes > Taking Mitple Photos| prt several dstokng patos alo oa sac bl eulhtgea “pret sot. The hs posed neal were sie oui, ‘hose thei ees oper were in aknard piers. So tok a myst seo of tl bth seep and eva, an come mp lero te al onposten, au me “Finding the Proportions Tofgue ot he cence poportin ofthe kai Rest draw 263" x9" rectanglecn a het ol Uacig paper lide ns spe Ronny Ino hid; then raw avert le tats igh of center owe thelengh of the recange Rearing tor main ference pot forth sae ad sz of eet {fotr he adic sath wher the pm ne rhe et azole eet. Then nay idee bed cl ae hinds orcntaly and veal belp me cere pesto the acl eae, ono need use ar fo mens thi st se roy eyes jae te crc ances. Now se simple oa shapes ta lockn the ound Shes ofthe Baya as Usns my eerene a sl, teams gerne twebrarches, the Features How hat havete popes awn, pace arather Set of wat pape ve ny dean and bei fering the shape fhe kal. or Stuy fing tomy reerence shel Hach inthe nase, aig where sts and frshesin elation tothe, Using my ther eference sos as aude, |positnthe ope ees nat eacy op he ep hrsara ine a eg. Na pec the mauth ad eek, which ra series fs mainte tor hd he eae. up sme furintens nop fhe es, ar onthe ces hen eel the arms andes, ang eng clas ar rating wate ee Fhe ot es agate upright Inari tonite bck! that antvardy ovens th chest ain ve man ‘etrence aa. enough abou hola ko hat my ing il be Bvabe ifthe otis tuted out of ght bend he rach ly, ad ew mre es ranches ancienStep One erating he outine of my steteh tw apiece of 300 gsm (40 hot essed pape, sat ep he a onthe 5 pan won dm ad rss the igh ast gente ot a eet mh ‘ended ese Then use a sha a ch gest a ‘ham ng saat ies for he urea anyng te lens rd drecions ‘Safom ofnegatve sawing) ‘Step Two | switch an HB clutch pena draw more erg, broken strokes rund the Hse, leaving the Al workin the dat scsi te th paper behest form te white as is ‘Stop Three using sharp 28 ch enlsntensty ‘heshacomed 2s the furan ae onthe edge ot tho. Ta oasis ooe and co ores ‘hempresin oon, where othe wa ag withthe 2 cuth pen refine the deta ydavieg ‘heea on he ist, esas aval age rte resto he kal the earwilact as avstl suse ‘Step Four Aterigherng he tine ofthe et ofthehead wha ended erst, Ls fai can pesca cate shor, quick shes al ve te ead, ooking he ees ae ‘th oe. in thereto fr roar placing my stakes ery cose tgeher Ny ist oes net move as my inges dal te wok Whe Pe covered the ce 9 Back Invi ar peel and ver tears srs the xchat and aba the oe, sn thesare shot toes able, Then uso ato wd qu tyr ffir ta ear en the rts well 3 bud up th fr rund the cee, cr, ad mut. om he ‘ape of he is the ache with gt ayer of 3H an ac efor a he oes Step Five ter dling ar HB pec by bing on 2 ice of 9p pope add et sucks these, ening soe aes wre Sah 0 2 22nd ue Shr Svees above flo reef the nes nese mare coir an we the 289 dre th noe tis Switching bck the ete sot resin te moth a ride the nse A hs Prine thal he puis ikea humanity kth bala aly as ‘erties pp sharpen the and use torecan he pups an crn them Bis us the He form he fel and rows wth sho, eon Ses. See 26 ta gken he tees and area 0nd the es.‘Step Six ceri econ my sharp Han 28 {he 2B create ak shad ure eu, nse, li, and chooks; than ase the 3 De ater bend ‘he tore Using bath pon nd cedar oe, Rather epthe tone onthe os creaing at eabery tex Tumi tthe este the drs with he and actuate the shape and om wth he M8126 ‘Sight widen the eyes by darenng the lore Then {arly outs Mat ach ye with ahs ‘ity. Naw concert othe ear onthe a epee ‘Steps wo and he. db isthe et carpet ‘Step Seven Ate ipteningshe ute ofthe oy ‘end t create the undercoat fr teenie ody. Again, always ra inthe deco ofthe fr rohan vid ceming atoms ene the hes andundeems ote, ‘ut eoer tees of bay with it eto te lacing 2st. The ura eam the snot ard ‘nos randmin erection, so maka rele is ‘rete tat ve made he fia the kl’ e nea the ‘main brane toopatemed ard vega ira this bj ain some ovsaping stokes shen his ea Inthe nea step. Now a0 one a oth ps th he er and taw he ong clans, Step Eight | wotovr the ene bad at ce th very shar MB an pani webs 2810 eae he ick ‘stares arth ie fre 28 "cus te wie easing whi“ tomy erence pote ‘esechon he freien sue oer aa fe Boy. ad sare oeaping tres on thee sie othe ey toavoid weaing per, Step Nine | cesta it buku a tetop ofthe Image ith dulF wood cased pen Then bein acing to themal ve branch wth 2H ond M8 peels using ny ene hand and wo esto, sty tke een values, cesing the Heater of eacaps tee lo 36d some sous nicks with he Ho ad ‘Step Tem Now| sean 0 pre a the lghty ‘anid shadows caston th ranch byte Hal's gets fand claws, Then asthe 28 deepen th tone ofthe ‘Shacon a welas aan adie the ard and ‘estes we cone wn en the tonetothe atest par afthe branch, where the aa ‘es and crete the tree sug at hanging ove is le section. The te ranches inthis eins faethe ‘roth ey they sie th ewer seta sing futofne ptr by ing sta "wal” tha aes he ye back io the cert ofthe wok. Step Eleven Kw sed comple the background el rerun aves Leathe eae wt an HS pe {apd ses es. Now ad oe tothe bares bint eal sing th teenie om step ie tae the bres hf theron te igh ay Sirk, Ther ac be mre etal th allowing he ore 9 erate branch Iswith oan Fpenclto ad mae tne Inthe backround ited of retin ened shapes, ‘ea. a3 Set, ang rach he pei ent, ‘hich asthe ang eet fhe compostonval ‘Step Twelve To tris, 264 tal uches wh an H pert éeapen seme tones for mare cena ads tales nthe eyes and nose, an bul ups emote frre al over the ody. am veg pleased wih his rowing and the “famed compotion,DINGO portrait isa drawing of the head of human or animal that shows the subject's face and expression. A good portait will reveal something of the subject’ character oF personality: ‘i human porteiture, the subject often i drawn from a straight- ‘on view. This viewpoint can he very dificult when drawing ani- rmals due to the amount of foreshortening that would be required in rendering the nose, muzzle, or beak. I prefer to use a three- Step One sie carl age shape a he hea ‘ane mao Fer om ny eerence pet, voter the cutne tomy at paper. Then lesablsh te ees (ee "Drawing th Eso age 109)-Now ea derlping {he sureucing fr. ay dom pt to stokes eth Shar 2H penal rang nthe eto or roth ‘Ther uli ayer FH pen on tp ots ge ayer, pire tne point versa, Nast Bend he 2 and NB stokes using rer stokes wt nF el ‘Stop Four Nou noe clean shee af paper downto protec he ome hal of sawing Thess sharp nme ene, apply que, sha sckes avr he lage asf the paper ite to dep he des San Celt fu, Hot tus aellshapened HB mechanical penlolayer stokes ontop ote Hardee, eatng ana orhe crease dn re eer fh freeads 3 rt Fpena to soy blend ard depen te ones. ‘Step Two Using 228 woes pene and caer states, eel the drkare behind he digas hod (irlar to th acer forthe igerea on page 2). [am thst pl el echt othe ted not ing lyr pen ayes chew 2 ‘ens lack ls ute the 28 eda pene ya (la, wicoer sakes inte cas. a Cw ‘Step Five I continu he sme tednique othe eide ote fae when ished ad sha 28 kes around "heleehead este, eyerons, aed temle ges or teed orn end ene Theses a Denl.|adé sof cer stole aos he faebead and dow there, rating 2 ot ioe that tans nto the Trew quarter view, where the head ofthe animal is turned slightly, as {find it easier to correctly pareray the length and proportions of the nose from this angle. This portzait sofa dingo, which isan Austealion wild dog, These beautiful animals share many features ‘with domestic dogs, but find that thei eyes look slight feral and untrusting It this wild, undomesticated look that | want to poriray in my drawing ‘Stap Three seane a sheet of dun pe ove the ‘ye. Then sea sharp WB pete layer iner ses ‘trthe enti ea ate, varying the rts ote stokes 2 shap 2810 eepen these sow aes. Ten sean F pen and sf clr ses a len theane alone te edges ad within th lner "ups of tears. ‘tap Six | peste fe othe bit hala the faceandon the muzze, toni bung ote tones, keg Sees aan Fpl Bere he nes ‘he comer of he mosh reat sim eases fou than switch tan HB and eae dns, tree, gr es or heuer he ec, ang chr tes ae the shatoned pat ofthe ac eae {ult abt of hte oper exose io suggest inf on “ne ape ig siée a he roxk,4 Step Seven Retin othe os se aur 28 wth oun pad et, rela sakes tocrete leathery suc. a care eae ili ove Spot the nse. ight works again and agin ith he 2 perc eng ae ‘into use to muh pest ard hesping the pen on the papers sista a all ‘ines Then a6 one mre yer gape otha rire nase aes usig on panel, ‘ending the underyng 28 layers trol date ih scsi ayers tronie ther than ang hem prs, ane mark petals ny {reuinteoneSwiching back othe sap 21 some dah Unewok ue thechin and tse ofthe nec, Cn the 28 penl pit has led ie, Sarto ness the ph fhe tone around ps ancon the cease othe peri ‘Step Eight using th 24 ands pers, workover te ace, refaing ad buling up the exe he wth adlional news {athe same wih the Han 28 on he reckon rand he rae. Note ow he ver raf he neckin the ert ate dies the Shape of he maze thous do ot ad much etal > efron teat siete ee peeves the mpesion of Row use he 28 ta 2 several mare aero eeu sles othe sie fe bacrund rhe nec. Aer shapering he 2 intend petal oe te ae the corer nant of te mouth, sae te oath he asl openings “eee” and pupil the dak rob Ine forehead, and he dares urn the ear When ov eached the fal stages of dawg th, alway cH ok wher tw top ou ovr he rain, youl rate ursihty Shi Spt, an iyo ott shag il appease. heps to wala fore your wer ran our ort are eo win rsh e Aer lng, Gace hat rm app hte ings ths sage He has a esa af pcan about hi ht ie, 0 dec te wing ribs. DRAWING THE EYES ‘Step One | sta by aking ny gt ilar strhes th lt pencl over areas ofthe ean Shado. Tiss dane very eth Justa ft base ota win ‘Step Two sow use asap but otto point He ete a lnglnesin es. Isetresame percha cese the ctr dark ing tas we a ali one {hat isthe op anette oe ed out gh th stage, 2D ‘Step Thvee vith 228 pen {sop th da son oe pon andes rund the is se an HB perio deepen the tne of ‘he whies of he eel wh sat. ‘evar stokes \as0uee the i ‘odie the ete” aroun the ‘yas elas cette ound area Inthe come othe ye ‘Step Four |use2 26: daken ‘eevee pup andthe rn sound hs th Ht pe ‘lai ioe oer teenie surat othe eyo Hance ne Safer 2B bakito the ses. Then lisethe HB tgp oer the ines ‘het nd the Fi snding he ‘eta is at eyes. Rea bitot adese pty ino ashy poitandli auth igh.KANGAROO Arita ane manta sane sitet to poopaph, athe viewer an isa al resting on he round god as it often is found in a stationary pose, either grazing or reference to use for portraying the quiet narure ofthese graccful ‘watching, This particular kangaroo, with its head gazing ditectly 3S } Experimenting with Texture sange'scotls Step One Usngan nage photocopy erevefernce Stop Two Ire ihe he outa he ea by tie ond dase anew col apd tec aims ial acathe uti al Langan on Aico ct dating tt harmed ro, ering ryt joy xloring the susan fo he rere my Se per also veh ees, muzl nose rath, gat. Starting with he ears an working nthe ante deanines. ‘a fewsmalfu deals ardinehorzonline wich use aus a Sharp teh a oda quit shor. {oerto"qround” the animal ith gas Tor using soles forthe undercoat dena 2rmch gerih an eg artery setch ude othe es of te ue the ees nhs (or sheetaFhot resed pape, She cheek, mute, sear hie bey 3 nk mh we N } } ‘Step Three vito snlsharpere 8 tee, ‘Step Four With sismtyburt HB cueneas e222 Step Flv Sillusing he harp 25 ed, ul up the "hele to dup the sean ter ot St sing fear maton auld up adareventneferdheeyes kes reso h hi an h head wih short tes, stilt shor stokes and fllorng he recon fat adam rose| aly bul up yrs offre ss aleastllonng he deci fhe at ey ptt (Fowth, arcana anbullingdeepertonesand for, eeu oe ese anda takngeae a nt tertion creating tar orasin the as, 2thes areas Staperng my peel cten, Heep the stoke engh ard press tour Treat the tghght in athe tfom provide the egave poe tha creates the white eas. ‘Satire pits ay roncom tai matracve eee or akewaded eraser toa pot ar ot same ore, Wth2___ (ee page) The deep one in te ere ep create ‘eet caret avi the whe gig res ‘rryetap 2Bclth en desetly accentuate the edges te appearance of hie artis on tected tne ees ana east ceepening te carts areas. 2 few 28 soso hs white rato cet sneer [plercence of pth and make the whet st4 Step Six | goose ete ea rs oc gin he uote a shar) 1 chet refine tals. Tis ral layers bled the unetinglayers an ctetea teen, snomth tout Heat contne he ewe down Se a aaa HB a sila. Tbr the ihe ts ofthe adi he boy 12 he cust ua head a cardom heb it ‘al ghee etn thy need eae Tenth hap 3 ‘thle odo he reams ar heb the anaes Talon deta fe rary ate oes ah bus ptens or edges hen ap ‘oes refer fren pt eno \ ‘aia se amfallonng tr dean ‘one. “4 Step Seven | ucoasharp 8 uth ed to26da second \\ layer efurverthe undraa. Wree he fri sry, the shkence rutin wha i is Gut rh refanher panier lorgr aceon ‘tekangro ack, so my peck stokes eects. Forte furover he bck 6 ses heep the sos shor ane coe Tope along he 8 to bln no the 2 ye. The use {Sharp 28 nda date thelr, adding fom onion. \ use 2 et darken he eae aor the {nla ght am nd along te onto ‘shoulesto create the patch a tite theont ps, bug oem nda “4 Step Eight To she he iression sua strng ‘bts he bod eve some wit shown othe ih tara ofthe anh aloes eal. ‘sexo wit on heal herent 26 some blades of as. THisoveip hes ‘Show that he ies onthe urd. ‘posed bald he uel the est ‘ofthe toad tl th 22H lates Then appa ston ayer with an HE {eed ang caret ore sore ite ‘fete showing or he gat Teep my stoles ali ese rund ‘hep ging hen abit more eth and wea inher strokes nthe ‘toilet shar cera“4 Step Tom Wis shar We cc ea wali ue 4 Step Wine Now uses 2 dtc ea crate dara ove re back ard dove a Teal suite dark ard neds 2 it oar ta nd the cet ono rot ne this dates fe oth ge te bak and tanta eave he one geal ths eget ce te son of aourde, thes dmerional fre Mevhgo Kes "sen the gules wih kneaded oso then use ar MB ead nit {gh pensar cst thee fo Thar fed gt an theses ac ks the legs 301 Kop these aes ihtern ore. use ont “hop Hales er there ata gest onl ange nthe es, ut apy seer layers tbl up ‘thatre a 3few soc ofa sap 28 Ieedto deapen he one sound ea ‘rdunderine ip. ‘the entre boy and hea deflng ard sheng he ans ‘the furReferig ony photo. emphasize the paws, Sener ‘tom andr th holder and nack anda mae kr acs ‘the pan ck ko use my neaded eraser ihn the igen on the legate Wile ang hese il oh, ttl ot uhh ean 8 onto smudge ne ‘apie Theses the stokesis what mates he ‘arora smudging woul be Yaak “4 Stop Etevon ow ts tin to “youn” my hangaoo. 70 ‘ths, awa aroun he fet anda it ose, [cea ny ear pater randoy ace Tongans stokes ang the drcion of ‘ath svkeas muchas pssble. | ra some ass cvrappingte are of etal et te tap lo daa at ne ‘fg along he azo. ty 10 wo ‘qed and id fociing on acuacy tals stead eager eos and spontanevs.Step Twelve | ontnueto dere the gas, dare the tne under the ang’ fe ote ground te anna When nse with ay avg sign the wok ad hl sorte ere dang with wertable zie 1 help preven smug.CHAPTER 6 ANIMALS IN COLORED PENCIL WITH DEBRA KAUFFMAN YAUN Debra Kauffman Yaun discovered that she had a knack for draw ing when she was a young girl growing up in Tampa, Florida. After graduating from the Ringling School of Art and Design in Sarasota, Florida, Debra worked as a fashion illustrator. She has drawn and painted many commissioned portraits, and she enjoys teaching classes and workshops in portraits and colored pencil. Debra’s art work has been published in several art magazines and books, and she has won numerous awards, including an international award. She is a signature member of the Colored Pencil Society of America, having served as president of the Atlanta chapter, and she is a jur ied member of the Portrait Society of Atlanta, Debra’s work is cut rently featured in five Walter Foster Publishing titles. Debra and her artist-husband have two grown sons and currently reside on 11 acres of countryside in GeorgiaCOLORED PENCIL TOOLS & TECHNIQUES ‘SY eee ey soles. ed Soe pels wa ne Ie lt cf money fl on eer are a few basic colors, an eraser, a sharpencr, and some paper. (See page 117 for the colors used in this chapter) Below are a few recommended tools that are good for heginness. You!l also find information on using colored pencils—remember that the way yous sharpen your pencil, the way you hold the peneil, and the amount of pressure you apply all affeet the steokes you ereate. You can create everything from soft blends to brilliant highlights co realistic animal textures with colored pencil, Once you become familiar 16 ‘with the basics, youll be able to decide which tools and techniques will capture your subject's unique qualities. Pencits “The price ofa pencil indicates its quality hetier pencils have truee color, Many brands offer sets of pencils that provide a baste array of colors. Some an stores also sell colored pencils individually—this ‘way yon can choose which hues you like hest among several difer- cent brands. Once youve chosen your palette, make sue to store your pencils safely in a container—and try not to drop them. The lead in a colored pencil is very brite, anit likey to break in the sha ifthe pencil is dropped. This may not be immediatly apparent, but ic will, ‘eventually render the pencil useless. > Choosing Pemcls Terre many diferr ypesof exo pedis vale harder hires are eal rendering ine Us ard deal eras softer, cher lea re atria areas. Eparine f wih you pr. ERASERS ‘Ordinary erasers cant be used to remove colored pencil; the fition ‘between a rubber or vinyl eraser and the paper will actually melt the ‘wax pigment and flaten the tooth (or grain) ofthe paper. Instead, ‘many artists use a small battery-powered eraser to remove the pig- ent without ershing the paper underneath. A kneaded eraser is also useful for removing small amounts of eolor; twist or pinch it into any shape you like and then pres it lightly on the paper to pick up the pigment. When it ges “dirty” and is not as effecve, you ean ‘knead it (like dough) thoroughly to reveal a clean surface. You can also press clear tape on an area to remove unwanted pigment, Paper Slightly textured, thicker paper is hest for colored pencil work ‘because the rough grain “catches” the color soit accepts more pi ment than a very smooth paper would. Art and erat stores carry & variety of textured watercolor papers and illustration boards that offer 1 goed tooth for colored: pencil art lok for a paper with a meta sain to star. For practice or doing quick studies on site, you'll want te have a sketch pad or sketchbook. > Experimenting with Paper Youigh as onsite exiting wh fret ed papas Sse use theese oaured ie fe paper. you choose coord paper thetsharesadamint hu you raving you rane coer amonyin our sz, anton [> P Tiangie end Kneadet Pencit Santpaper ova caterer ek ‘SHARPENERS. ‘You ean achieve various effects depending on how sharp or dull your peneil is, but generally you'll want to make sure your pencils are sharp at all ies a sharp point will ultimately provide a smoother layer of color. Although a small hand-held sharpener will do, an clectric or batery-powered sharpener i better suited for ine att put= poses. You can also use a sandpaper block to sharpen your pencils; the sandpaper will quickly hone the lal into any shape you wish lull also sand down some of the wood. The finer the grit ofthe ‘paper, the more controllable the resulting point. Roll the pencil in your fingers when sharpening to keep the shape even. Extras, Youtll need a brash to gently remove the pencil reskduefrem your paper (a camera lens brush, as shown on page 6, will work well), a spray fixative ta preserve your finished drawing (sce page 7), and a blencling stump to create soft blends (see page 6). A pencil, extender i handy when the penel gets too short to hold onto com- fortably, and you may want a triangle for making straight lines and some artist's tape for masking off edges. lt aso nice o have white ‘gouache (similar to watercolor paint but more opaque) ania small ‘brush on hand for adding tiny highligh.Sreoxes ach line you make in a colored pencil drawing is important—and the direction, width, and westure of the line you draw wil all con- tribute wo the elleets you create, Practice making dillerent strokes, as shown in the examples below. Apply light, mediam, and heavy pros- ‘se; use the side and then the point of your pene and experiment with long, sweeping strokes as well as short, precise ones Pressure wih fst pres, the lois ais! arapaet Mean pres cates god fending an ese ress falters the pape tee, making the Colt pps anos sale ata tarot and dashes nthe paper To cet ve, re dot ying the poi of Yourpnc onthe oper LAYERING AND BLENDING Because colored pencils are translucent, artists use a transparent Layering process to either build up color or ereate new hues. Tis layering process is wonderful because it ereates a much richer hue than you could ever achieve if you were using just one pure color. To deepen a color, yer more of the sume over it. Ifyou want to blend your strokes together, you ean use a stiff bristle brush (see page 131) Layering with Hatch Strokes Hore elo, orang an lve wre lyee€ on op ee arate vith rossachng ay need nes ve ater rain Inaction t emonstte nea eating elo We am gh to Cotor Paterte Below are the main colors used for the projects in this chapter. Keep ‘in mind that the names ofthe colors may vary among brands; als, sometimes two pencils that have the same name are different hues ‘Black Slack chevy Burnt acire Burt senna ‘unt yoton och: Caray yellow Cedar green Charveuse Coed be are orowa ‘reneh gay i 5 a) ed Se | oe = oe a= et ee eee ee a — i 2 Venetian ea i i iROOSTER ‘Step One i bezn by ose skehng he roost’ boy. sings cleo the head and Not howe top a ates extend ove! th est he a ‘Step Thre | deginesablshng the ar aeas ih ol 0% lin te eye (eating te hig wht) sti sore ator, dade ate ofthe date rae ‘Stade sume ofthe dat wag eaters, covey some whl stipes, estab 3 ew ‘eal eaten and sme dv pst he ound, vig dm thal pers ‘Step Two | tne ane dette ae a eat, kepinga glen lang het of he erm abe ine pte edges pope ao ro ine a the aloe cet 0 Trees acces he eas thst uiees, Wher dang he eters, do hw ied eaters bt istend show how they re gtouped Ne! Ie some oes oinathe roosters ‘Step Four switch dark pul, ity sade afew reason he ota head as ofthe com twa The ase se sto aw shares) sae of {he exhers andshade up othe cone ne th medum press, Using oa ay 90% 1 ‘hace te ttn haves ofthe the lanes al ester a den some ofthe Bek al fester,Step Five |i mre coal gay 9% tothe al Then igi 2d dark brow othe backs fine og Using medium hard prestre ith he same ofl nome fe ath tes thetk and neck. Then use cot ay 3° sha tty white feathers at Ihobsee othe tal Bend he doe af tec ethers the rung sing ‘al a gr mang them appear sot and ya fn the lowe wing th sera row, sine sakes that lw he irene eaters Nee pp mote Tuscan te to tet, levng sone areas white The singlet stokes, apply alayr of Tso to he com ‘Step Six |apaly Tho vet tothe aceard wate hen shade ound the pul witha ‘ery sharp cal ay 90% Ug bt af n moe ofthe neck eaters lenge pert rts areas. With ir presse, ac 2 yer lama te hes, veping te col ay 90% om sap heptane th beak wth cl ry ‘92% hen wth a gh ayer fut iow leavg he tp ite pp Back he te reton part of he wire eaving set whie sas. Nef nthe ties on re ‘ning wth yelom oe, Tha ase utramaine oh the wing and acl he tos some of he ai eater 4 Stop Seven | sss burt oreo the tepatthe rosters ght ag ano sme tte geste nthe ons bac. Then shade th spars nthe es wth French ray so. Using fim pressure an ‘20 a 9 arn th ster shapes ‘mb a ae, depen he ol and leew some white Stor. 20 2de ofthe wing Ladésmal ches Tro ‘ot othe pats har were peu “ihe, sping mal tke oak Cotular ue Toth sic he ‘ot, then hse he elo wth hte Nesta same yetbw cee thew area onthe necks darken same neson the ck wth ack ery. "seas aon of aca ed 6 "hen seem pressure and ng ise take areas rund the be sth tre asia some tal athe also aor, a spats clo andthe Feet bur ocr, dark brow, and ‘au sera. Then ode some st rays tour ase any pressure and wrt to dd shine some of he a ethers. 19SHETLAND SHEEPDOG ‘Step One ian HS pen sketch ice rhe doy a2 ounded are forthe muni. Then raw the vercalcenterine sotrefectsthe als posion ofthe os ea Net athe stihl coved rental centerne. se these gublnesto Dion he eyes ond nose then era thee as anc thes sap lhe oa ‘Stop Two | tint ees, rose, and moh, ads es nd eraing unneeded es 23519 daw some aged es forthe fr. making sue they eect ces ofthe o's boy Then ests the at and dark areasofthe furan the fae which wil help me when psn clr ‘Step Three Sia sng he HB pec ad age ser nes oni the fon eg apping olor exabistng he dares areas wn oo ay 9%, sg stokes ‘hate recon the freon use he same perl Alin he yes noe, leaving hishens whe text ue rem presse 642 og she of ol 13) 30% athe che pdr th in ‘Step Four | igh inthe inner eae wth ons and ue lng tok rk mber forteturensne eesat he as other on he ace, Se he sae pene ana shor. stokes, olbuig my sketch ne avrg some 5 it Then app Venetian 0 {mes Lo col ay gst ete te now a ppl au 39 akan he frome sides hr nd ap ack The. sing maim pesare an sin roe ‘teat lng sos ote ers and neck and short tose he face, pes ade fa laces 280 2ppy ait ae lenna brown ov the enna inthe os.“4 Step Fre to usein pesuro apy dak unbertothe dakest eso the ips fhe eas a aloe sides othe head use the same colt sharpen he eae of some o teal fe and uti the tye Then seh to bunt ate argh eply itor he es the fae, larg sme wt alon he bigot the nose a around he mouth. When Shae he ae, ule Stokes oer he easy shades tenet tlenéancemeath he edges, ove come wt having trough onde Ugter sae ane Figg. > steps opi on elt tan Ceci en meine te a ow Favela chp Boe ed Bees ed Spo turon ny doing oun ee sesh es teed be ftertben heck ena het 3 fens aire mem es nylon ace vo ert in ch sr ero rsa att whet i coved: sme pete mop nt iar arson aenng esol str ert ea ott st Ns sty aan han a } sor Tats ndsotsoewa bar aréyelow he Re front es neiGRAY SQUIRREL ‘Step One frst |use an pent seth te bse shapes othe equines, hes, anal Ther athe legs andes a tne vere cere or he face ep pace ‘ek fener, nad ened ng tient the re brane ‘Sap Three ad he isha wth in HB pant then sch oer sharp oot 52) 90% a begin esanshing te dark reas. ist Larne wishes ih edn presi then le sort strkes the shaowed eens onthe es Leder the {ees an canst se 2 eh ouch state arse te Nase anc under he ee, use ‘sho stckesertefur en op fh ea. Ug frm pressure inthe eps eng "We highs a atin sce thst eee hte, es add hat sakes to ‘hea eninge pres andthe etna the estonia the changes ne fu Ther gy py esl aot hen othe te eas a alsin brow the eeges fhe ears ad in afew paces inthe a appva ight year lon ace to moet fh aa ung short stokes erthe body he ae ong and “hoe stokesto std deta the rch ith 0 ago. Net ase ia le 8 Stodonswherette pas ou the bandh Tes, ned a had pss, app) ‘ol gry 500th rest, pars ofthe les and ie siomach ‘Step Two | tne the Shapes a add dels nding he ada eS ad as. The a same shot qu hnestothe a note deco gout, ako atc setaera the bach, DRAWING THE TAIL ‘The sutra ented nt poe young tue ce tat et ‘ook ofr bey a at al ta ul nd ay a ana ‘hedwing above sieve sm ey sue Despite he ae, mot squiels are’ st ray—the far terds obe mae wp amy eer Colors Aes, sm suiaieme mar gay wnaen tion emt roa The farina rt lial very elt~achstad ofr hangs cole ‘rrr it ataces tte Sou theif he tal Ts squires tal ses "uta, goes aback, ais tp ith ite his geste appearance ‘ofa ofl. The seandsfan oti several decors wa same coming ‘ight ovate viewer wich mate thal le cofsing ty day het mae sure yu rw the stokes inte prope ecton, When daring ta, Tieave soe teas empl hte or extra const aso add dar ck round tou We as the fs eae oe. Base thea of etal [sve thi he bacground clr show ough na few laces eng ‘needgesf heals carter lng the ees he fr they te ‘ato sharp pant he balou this gs ep he Rom aeStep Flv Ison the ighsitin the quest yey sping nig oe lag the tg: seis clr daw afew eyebrow has er the yes. esac col gay 20% othe tio the past show how they curve aound the rare La mae sos sf coo gay 9% te banc, sng moe press othe lowe shadowed sie ake Raut ea ate ama cea spats an the rach hte col ay 3% he oe these corto afd mare shan sotestomescut ot anon stokes th sll ew ate reson the ty adn he al spe alan he dees of eal “4 Step Four Us short ses wth medium i press ly seit ead and oy, making strokes sigh nae ‘nthe es eve some res wit on he steep inate hee ‘ounded shape use longer kes nthe eng tne edge othe tal white 26 oe pray 305-0 he undersie fheop seton a he ‘auto putitinstadow Ther cate he ridged texture of he rane seth angst of epi using mare pose ards to stow he uh ppd fr est aply ave ayers li tthe aye ‘hes, an uy als poy sre spats are he seu al. 984. Gy Spat ‘feelean Bue othe eve hihightard then | abe smal aut of ne se othe Urges 2 alge op age he ran ese touches fue ad ore cao) ‘the mos orm and gray compat, ow ue ys col wy 90% sn al of the edgestn sharpen te drawing Using fips, eepen some dat reas ‘tla orate cata Now my eaing comet,HORSE ‘Step One io an pena, use basic shapes shee head neh ea, ard ‘ ‘The dra the, cing ofall the shape ae horse's head Nex iene ‘stand ah ‘Stop Two Using ne basic seh 29 ge, develop he ac fxs es and ile ‘Step Three (a insone ofthe shamed ees sing coo gray then ering ue ore same othe shadow edges Net clr he is wit seaa ro, Ui med ‘ress, apy slow eee tothe tlre ofthe bs onsale wt For Figs. ‘Step Four | ty apy dak urbe t tebe, eng rales whiten suggest ‘he thine oftha stor oms lagers er esr atarings 9 how ta the leathers wn hr. ao we sort strokes mao presse toate same stich Ingen rer tes ov the chek Th, ns al 99%. an ste the roti andthe ofthe mth. other areas ound ihe maze use Ceol gry so et eete afew ses an he chin ith cata 99% sete same ‘tlc ta rate mote shadows under th a. Maing ou thea, apy sana the eerorofthe eye. Ten 2 sae cole he sadn under he check non he nck ‘eth be‘Step Five oad mat colar he eae afte re yey oping but Siena oer he dumber, sing more pressure ee dave areas. he etal ‘ings Brno fom by ang some bunt ier on theese meta Us ook 1937 90% out th velashes ard shaeaaund he ees Mx 26d dark bette 0% eng ras the ge hie fo she ar pes hdr rth ah aeas fttyebotom af the mare: The | ight inthe nek with nen ayer a burt ce. Fatt use rt cle to eatin the edgesfthe cars and the ize tht exter rote farabead tothe tpofthe nose ‘Step Si iin the nee laying ave he shadowed aes ane lain te ase ‘hie. Then vr iy apply bunt actetoths ay onthe nose ad maze cet the Arr ols and reason he Tce ni eck ein mre burt ove Net ty aply ‘utramarne forthe ark eas of mare leaving areas white for shine. Ten apa “4 Step Seven To dese he loot thecoat add a ayer fle oe er mot ofthe hones ans aeck, leering smear aaa aint shine go vertheages of hse ger are ite ater he tart, Todds gow olertote shadow under he ck, app Veron re Ung clay oo a seme ater ses tothe mane an pallsome of the stokes in th neck lente he mane nen 4 darker stole othe foaled To depen ates ofthe hed and nek evento, apy el shes Gt senna brown Fay | akan nose ndrmuzze wth ante coatLORY ‘Stop One i begin by keeig te bask sep of eo wth an Hs perl cl teatro lc thebes propoions and positon Tis slowerng his head ase bends fovara whe ln he ee, eep ing tht he forest s very re, ‘Stop Two net |ine he shape ofthe and da the lage fetes nating a fe ofthe smarts: tal the eye, wien eres several ings The pup has ee round ten atearropsurounce barter terse shape, ee te shape ot ‘hatch 548 fe ins 6th ls ‘Step Three th every sharp Tuscan ce eave tein! erp shape athe feelin the area bette het and bem beats rake a smal ine athe topofte beakt inthe pup tha very sap lack, tet outline te outed ‘shape. 24d fe ces sc this en a tense he ackon he tora an ‘thn th fates a show. ad sk chr to cae ether edge Fd a3 ht layer re ak cheno sae ofthe dest teas fhe ed eaters 150 Clee «red ie othe ye along he upper beak ack ey hen use sepa ade ‘me nes tothe bran, ‘Sp Four | opty brn octet eta ina fen sl ae. Then ae mt rey ‘ohare bar, recsing hohe nessun ed esse fo he hae ‘ea ald cool gay 5% oun he pad he sie ofthe ea for shadows ad any yellow evry ove bekth edi pein. T eee mr ele in ate alr ethers with Tuscan hough i ot acest de every Rather ‘sige rss, Tuscan eo he shadowed teas he eae Wh he are Cals go er some fete edgsandoutne the ies hed sng meu pss. astulraameto tester ees on he ns Back an ears fot wth ress, Dale the olarina the TeensStep Five | pp oa gy 0% tthe outermost ye shape andor leone ighighed aes we clr some ofthe meio dak en of b/s ay ath cmson esi ean pes a pling ok eer he Tasca eae trate othe fears vere lanai with fim soles oie he ‘hope afte ethers lo 388 gh of ue lve ovrthe t. Then ppt ah layerofBiack afew feathers fr areatr conta se warm are 0% orth ranch ‘tn eum toes loung honours fhe kes ph er afend ‘lum orange hu othe beak, ang yellow showing the nner edge. ‘Step Six ost spy poppy edt the remand ofthe bid using stokes inte de: ‘ono eter roth bu eave 3 fo ses on he back and wigs whe nde the lustous este xe ul opp each ees tthe ensingreds 1 Berth ‘ols re even. Te al eater a ihe os use cadmium onnge ho {heeds lean ew iah ares or Fight Lad alte more black othe rw feathers “4 Step Seven now make the shapes ofthe eaters rsp asi iso ed {nd fe sles of luton re lend ‘he ighehs othe eters onthe pullte white over he edges ee Tals apoly ie utramarinetathe Due ethers ander white using Fematates. app afew shor stokes, tthe tthe ste lhe hac tre theraurd form tad wey Sg ayer sfutramarire othe lover pa ofthe brane indting 3 shadow ard ging thebrareh more pth aly, enhance ‘hedeta 0nd the yeu avery sharp blag,LEOPARD ‘Step One | sheich th asc shae ote head witha 3 pen Thea stared at ‘threes anal, 0s the vera cerene ee ight ang cone oon ne fom othe fae hoe thst he glee fortes roe, and mouth a ale cued "nae te es ard rose wth nae shapes, ane | ete cea th 9 fal (ed ht ha boy, ing sma tu fr he balers. ‘Step Two | ene eeu, mang the eye othe ight salle Sh ats father may aad the opr ef ea Ses ofthe inside shows, leat the {ued are ofthe had, Net rath wishes an sone cared lines tba to Feige ieupche pes inte net step alo 248 some ong Hades ef ass q ‘ By 2) \y redirect persian adaeanee aad \ \ i SCS ee ces \\ / hon * onsale atime) Then dea some ef ne lade of wass and daw afew wae. ‘Stop Four switch col ray 20% lad more long cae wishes. Tn use a veyshu Skpenaltc atin heeyes andi ne pps nats, mut adaeas ‘onthe ces ard he eas stow, Met lore ites as wh dak ow. ‘Using cont ray 90% at shade rund the leopards ee and lng the bd of therase 1s the same cbr ity shade along the reses nthe es.leop nto (Ging ovr th ihn win ate cl om beng covered ater oe) Using mein ress tars and se ae the hen se he sane cola hl nthe cee of me of {he spots and other as of he oo. With i trokes, ad burt senna tothe eng spossand row afew mere les, Than! use fm presuretaply henna he ose and tongue. Sich to ac, frih he spots using ey shat soles that ol the ine tart hr goat, Then ad even mare gras on Sen LEOPARD Spots ere you can eee ind kes that ke up this opr fu import ta ml sue yuratrkes lon the fom feb. Aa mak set eave the ‘edges somevat fad and ough smooth Gg lake the spats ok "stuck “4 Stop Si apy igh yr tein ver most he boa ander ae Then ad cool say 0% teens 2d mite fhe bd to empha the 4 few mason he body and poorer the butner afte eg he bey and ea, agg the pressure seh res re ial lok ore elt,MAINE COON ‘Step One | str by using an HB pen tsleichihe bacshanes on apiece often Step Two Now develo the dais easing reed ines 3 octet few short {8p Ibog in the at's ead and body using ovals forthe pows ad akan angle stokes onthe feo indaethe econ ofthe fr. Ther Lathe nes around the eyes ‘Spesfor nessa therourde ches ate centrine of he ca'sface, tha exten down along the nese abso da the puts, whch are shaped th tal, ‘Then ict fal fstures. Noche he proportions, making siete tuned inate ae has, a ll a the wie aas.on the nt aus and sme che for ‘as pstoned coreth paterson the bo. es tars hs rng ta sheet of sanded pal pape. tr a eu FN ‘Step Three Using cl yy 90% shake the “whe” fhe yes andthe papi Then Step Four Now apy geraiumlake tothe ose and pad on he pam. Than ad 2 lathsna oer na meiom oar reser, lets the fanart res ofr one” eer ef dak roses thee ans bey. ea ela the es with head nd body loin the rection of roth Theron fe talislong thn else: glee. he pps wh Mac bing seo eave «ight in ech pup DRAWING Cats’ EYES The shapeot acs puls hanes wit the moun’ fighters. For eal, nln Uti the ups appear ager ad more ci Ibras haw ere heres in sone lighing the puis can poe they veal ts, When shaningacat oma stig on view. make se the pupae aig stig ahd estado. sngledas heya the ened hee gut ‘ea. Aso hep mind tat acs. of “te ofthe ev, much esse then man's as cies cover much geared thon RumiStop Five Reevingiomy erence pte, Fentinue oa clr ta eet. Tapp bat amine t few patenes he boa a et a th rs oe, tnd rund te auth, Ten apt French ray 7% to areas ef eae and oy. sing shots a fw the thet air rom. Using retusa aver leas tothe Iss then apy lack tothe ie a he ose and ve mouth Wes apiyhenna tothe padsen the paws and use short strokes coat gay 9% on te ps, ining he ue Then se mm pressure ep cot) 9019 the Sndrsies the chi, tom ond paws te sggest sadam use eae res ‘See ude te pose shor es "heed ane bay espn the cl | iso apolar stokes of bunt ore Some lng sos oF Frech 3 70% forte furinade the ers Step Six {spy olay 90% on theses he neck mating suet te er lapping hikers ne pp the sane car al ove te body tock he. 342 smalspt ft la oe hips fhe ups er lend we. Nes aye ‘rar yellow over thecharveueinthe irses making the col fhe jes mosis ‘es hase eas one nest ananek tel ee he wae wth 50 Bay So. Tate ada it ofl gay 30 to he mer par oth somch Now I tan ck eerine whether any ea neds mere color For xa const, ada ite move burt focvete the arsas wre ve aeadyappled tad | dak othe Gates area ofthe fr Then genial a iste rsh er the Fart tly led and sen ec. oth ery aly, though a too much Blending an smugs he drain. aid lending te ej, at hem 9b ea at shay etl Back eh ving in make any tcesary ase. ard sign my maneALPACA ‘Step one using arn perl sey he asc hap of eBoy andthe a te ees longo a ol hap sd epic he ee ae mutha 3 mse a forthe a The bad, sad al ate eh dt eis, bu they Mou be ven thc itis aoca sett, y a ‘Step Thre | apples ay 90% the math, rose ee aad feet ig fm pres: Ss rth dares res. am careful tole a whe ight inthe ee as 4 gh ‘odin nderthel. ‘Step Two ne re the utine and eres a aa fens nate the agent i. ‘Step Four ow apply ig yerotcoo gay 50% tothe abpac's ron: lf eg mao it recede nd appear more dst With ee pressure 2d moreshaing under ‘hota anon he sc’ clef eg. Ui col ay 50% and meson pest, sce the fice ards. Whar peut Lad sal mas nate he rk teas beta selena un some areas nig the aa Sines wend Sasi of The ayer burt oc th Mr oem pes avermastot the exiting itl apply smal amount of ur acre the nose nears, th rm ‘obese grass rand thet wth Pusan go, Te, ing co ay 9% ‘rete ois fe podStep Ste tacdstorsrotes ofpeaackuecothe gas tin ete et ap never ae of Prussian een athe {stot res lene some fhe white spo Ff ei. I Fay posure andlong eral sas, the sy wit ht ‘eran tu, | pl fs elt th tes Senin thew eps abindng the alos This abo pushes he tes Eakin te ‘stance Ung harzomal stoke 2ppy alight ayer of coud he tothe ound breath the ees ard oe the centr path of was. eturng tothe ac, the ages ofthe fac and wh ay sap slenaa br. Then Lagda sal um fo 7 5s othe aces and fat eng some areas nite Net | se im pesuree zp ut yetow eee to most ef se rome cesar nd rome tho, rst oak topo ‘oat spear. Tori ad8 some mstokes of bat oe Te thefur ar abt news arcu the fe wits Prin eer. 4 Step Five 1264 ssra frm stro of nooo te cungs fast the fraund Then shade the ered thik oun. sayig ne soko ah mei oN pes shon srkes wi Prestre ade gee oe sbi We eg ue the sae clr a linger sces othe ass [rer the fet. Now use lig le and clr Skes ta tar the stat ees, aig some te Sow ing tough in srl pats tthe ep asad sme dark Wow a the bas ofthe eelBox TURTLE ‘Step One frst steshine sic stapes the tures head ane stl sing mn He peck The ot te ee and doa eins on he shone he ates. The ces aiden y the shes der ae them ‘Step Taree {conn ‘Step Four wou as lingo esas the dark areas. the Sellars bey, ‘noi the soe the skin Ten these co ard fee reste crea ashton beneath the ure, wing aouné he moss and ees.‘Step Five using col gray go and medium ress, lappy orto the bate the Step Six ty apply pampun aang to spt nthe he ody, and sel pressing shal gral lnboning tho presto ehon change insu. ago ss thi clorto dar wher wan the clr be moe ees, Ten na fw mire stes ane Posy ‘3d shel wit aking. switch ol green an ig lines eavig 2 sral (tte iit so use thio and shat ae to sha the re ty ‘ply scan redo he os ate stam, eng white spas inthe cates then ad shell Now apy Back tothe pup, eadngasmalaeact white around. Thes | __Shae themushraom stems wih cao way 0%. Using dark bow, outlet ees and ly ding wn short tres to cate cam dk of mors ae hs Ahr th cin ale se thelr to stage ame sicko he ero. Nous Tus {Slr on some te spots on he Body naatea sade. ‘redo go oer nevis on shade the rcs he vo leas by the ures ok. ‘Step Seven sew I eppy sepa othe elo he right fhe ures cle oe ther wo eaves ith Pasian grey gn eve the Tuscan evan evn some Spets by "singles pressure. Using poppy red, shade around the white spats on thetops ofthe mush an awa ew ies lng the edges othe gest mushroom ae se hs clr {o item op sce ofthe pte o the chal Ne apply apr a ine ah sift mares glee he cel pray une ie ond crear kes shade "owtom pra tse, nt exsing cols. Te Lad orp ee othe oss and ark some areas othe regard wih Crk Monn and Jak ao darko ‘few areas ofthe sel wih date iia finaly apply sunbusyllow Some paso he shel us‘Stop One using ar Hi parser he asc shapesfthe fxn. the aes larg andestens rth hed ees he aie t ee arto angle the vera ceteris wh he ea nd ened lang the nose Neato ne sapes ferthewars, athe forthe mouth nd as forthe eyes Roe The eon el ray isle ‘Step Two | tne te davng 2g vec Ne neck anolyte cuties othe Innere azote seas oir onthe chin an eck Then daw the whee Imrhngs and ne whiskers Demseves | rene he ej ard ose, dawns tes ane Daal ashi rhe eye on her Step Thre | ew more detain the dang, incuding fe kes nete {heed ofthe fur aout Hew Iswich to able clred pent shade the tps of ‘thee the pup adhe ots around he eyes shade moo the os wth fm ‘ch cao pay easing mer esate a go wn. WH these ol ana med pressure, shoe round ee oebead eh and mot and ad ‘ofthe maze. Ther make sort rm rakes isi the ear witha whe enc; aid afew ‘aver strokes been the we strokes with olay 90% ‘Step Four Now apply shar ses of dak noun aes of the hed, eck fc, nd bedi emer strokes eppy dr rom oh esl the lack thee paling the stokes ve the white ia ayer of hennato he sie of he ner fx Then 3a sometimes hte tothe eae, by, ard areas saud e f, Mest Tapey col gay geste he nse, veg th hgh ws ng mdr psa kad lk row. ad kes heehee ur the pu Nou ase he HE pen tober te has abovethe ees wl ake the er.Step Stx sin shor stokes of dark row, abe more fur over mast of he ead dba, yen ve eine {lappy yellow ave ted fd of te earan tee end aon leit the boy tac wart and show the Fgh soiree, Tes ed same Sucks of mitral range the underside ‘tthe rect sho te range arr Ingont the hte fr ato pay some Fan seoes of coolray 70% tthe neck ead depth Neat a4 smal arnt cf pumpin orange othe ih sce The boay. ate sho sos uh ge alog tens edges ofbath eats» Show fur ovrpping heer =a Ther [apply beige vt hero the ei sie etre sen heel and ever, ymin shadow Then! slate iar ote ange rare meets Tew toinbcte cae shaton ett Shade along th tp edge ofthe nose wih acktoblend ith the surondirs i ad pt oF ude 1 the gs inthe ees nda esos te the white Te yeroFcu be oh orange fur breath the ein Tosh Lue Back sharpen some edges ndash as fart ls darten te wishes ing one rove a3, 4 Stop Five | 2 but ive othe se ayer esing cobs. Then 2p lun length strokes burt che ost theron he od Where art ther oD dake dr pes Net | col ryote he wise rings and lang he Stem ee he ‘hin ther shade the white ek ee wth coo gay 2% nd medium pressure To sow pate in ‘ef, press are and make some fhe stokes paral. Now pp 0 ay 90% othe ne ‘sung sort fim strokes in theear onthe et aight, ger sokesin the ea 9 he gh, ‘Sastehingtoa arp aon, 90 met ane of ay nee Ten In el amt acto the pup ayer low verte ut ein he ines: With ry sal oe, apphy “atedrone the ht edge ofthe face aang he mse. se a hap lack ap Sho ang med halstothe atthe chine Idan the wher th ng stoke and ae as above sneeres.BUSH BABY ‘Step One Using an H8 pon hty raw a clothe hed then tad re boa, ins, arta making the body ap aourda te. Newt dete fail guinea ce the feaires making seth rose slow onthe fice The a the angular as Step Two tne the davng odin sf eso nate sme othe a Then | daw thei ngersand tos, rein ale second ner isshoter ta hots theta enages ste al ues ow work the je: Stag Whe oie es, "ena sevwal moe ceies thn lege ate cout ten ade ppt snd Fights als refed es nase and mouth, ‘Step Three tow tarsforhe dawing athe smooths fay “vatigané Tse” page) Thi per wl provi much ‘Mtr eines ae arte, iat fr the head ay th he ‘al ry go use the same coer Hy aint ose, gers an tes then ce tee Ui ides insite the ars Aer covering the igs ihe eyes wit ite, Inthe nis an outine he ees and ter acardhe eyes whlch ‘Stop Four | aust ne ear nthe unig itso mate oth ae put of the et ‘shows Then usng dak no, lig sha aa othe «as paws as wel asunder {he chin and slong thunders ofthe tal. | use the same cleo hace he ended af te ranches bah les fhe re, mag the rise dake o suggest he de ‘ona gh Sitchin tick, adored the meta iy shade he Ines ls as lc inthe ur oun hee wt frm esr ane Shr thes“4 Step Five hy py lp seen ote leaves hen apply aie ayer fea othe ose. ipso the its, and it eas accor etree wth dak brow sing erica "oar the turk ang atantsl kes rhe anche. Nex ely py sho stokes enh gay alove: the oe on ead egg he edo fhe Stakes asthe fa caes hth ay aa hen eppy 2 ra 70% 9 he era the be, esting re areas hol gay 90% aa ap col ray aes tothe oso es Next gore the Hera ‘tte nis, ets nine ene wh pes IH tem lar along the elit eee trrkithe dreaded ener to ie rounded ok Nex apy cree tothe sides the eves, sl as toh le de fhe ash abs bay and ig ear. The fs ‘he cs wt Tusa ed, ving med pesur an toes that edt ost fo the pple As usual leave wie Wagan ach D Stop Six tate mor hn ta the nee nd ound theses hen ihn theses witha small oan ar sing ite pect fom peste and shat 125) paper showing tough Ten use he white pendta Bleed the clos isd the ears swe sorte pans Net 3 date ey some stadownd areas aner he fren and fab ioes and safowea aes thet. Toi ne somelight aes ih fim stokes of wie,Cow ‘Step One Using nH perl, sketch an bal shape rhe ead and a mae ele fot ‘theo, Then adhe aca guldelnes: ashy cued vera canting an hota takes forthe eyes ae oss Ne crate as, making the aon tee stehty lagerbeaise sarah lg sted ow Nowa the by, making abot Shes or so aw the lesan carved. ‘Step Two Ine sn dette shpes, sng he nests, mou anahenves. Then nat ols the sin and ssa sho crake tte edges oe bay to suggec. Is coat Now raw 2 background of wes an afene dag Gumps of 925s 2n¢ wd fers onthe round nd sound he cow's heaves c # ‘Step Three Swehng ooo ay 99% lus medum tess to shade the dest en nthe cows odin the ores rec whe top ofthe at and ches, bo shade the fence posts. Then se Fm peste lin the eys an ass ‘Step Four After ahi ohe te f teenr,use ih to medu prsre ates om step hee so igh apply burt sienna ta arensof the grou Then, using inde and im pressure, shade mostofthe are dey sie the cam, ao {he eried andthe fre ute meu lah pressure shade thefalag above the ling oases white showing OU.“4 stp ve now state grass wth Pssizn gen using mre pessuete te pass Inthe eeu oi sues eth The eer eesin the cera lak er adda fo irks of pin range t tetas the we canay yw nd ‘ret stokes Tre mers adlng burt se othe we certs Reino he ‘coer nesta th boy ith each beige, aig the ap ees he coback \whtetoshow the sung caring fom basso lava get Ga cf wheon he rage need of he rosa Thon ue mum reser py lat ty, leasing same ite Shing Pou ‘Step Six 150 oe the fence with ate sray andthe along, vt es of cao py 99% tthe pots aso ws ol ray 90% the cow's hoor Now adits teow ty ahieg several ste aaa the corp lot acon unerde tlhe onthe al ply tg und he eye, ie nn in the ar nite each ge co eae an oud aon he ie aes othe eae a tea abo ad poppy ee sf Ue eas a gt ee of gs over ame a he ea beige the ae ‘Then py ht euler be he tacowso the ses es te uper patch athe op fh ack ard nse an he upper pa of he alias Tosh he com, aa ht layer of dk bown tthe body and use rent ay So% and sho stokes tc nd the clr othe coat Now fe the badou, To dake he over pre cg ‘ae jer fc hen apy layer f rss reer oe teak an vp et meso thefaage Resse sho, verti toes a cnt the rs, ain ee rhe ‘acground and per bce forthe mle ar faregrund Te ele gras inthe acre rend, lappy some tes of ght cereal eats the cat shadows onthe gas frome eg wh fm pressre sig niga; 60 appl hs calor oe the ra Ea he ence posse SUESINe nado he Wes. 10 MS, 36 mae ing teres ‘and rg ne as ith few more rm sakes of green ieINDEX A Action and movement, 81, 82-83 Adhesive putty, 6, 14, 45, 47, 48, 50, 56, 101, 106, 1 Alpacas, 132-133, ‘American Morgan horse, 92-93 ‘American Paint horse, 88-89 American Saddlebred horse, 84-85 Anatomy and proportion, 13, 14-15, 108 of eats, 50, 38, 64, 130 of birds, 126 of dogs, 46, 54 of horses, 70-71, 72, 86, 90, 92, 04 of koalas, 104 of owls, 100 of tigers, 102 Angles in drawing, 9, 10,58, 72, 75, 76, 82, 88, 94, 103, 108, 120, 130, 136 in perspective, 14-15 Jn photographs, 13, Appaloosa horses, 78-79, 81 ‘Arabian horse, 76-77 “Anistic license, 13, Asian elephant, 98-98 Australian Barking Owl, 100-101 B aby animals, 16—$1 bear cub, 28-29 bunny, 18-19) fawn, 32-33 foal, 24-25, aralle call, 40-41 gosling, 22-23 Kinens, 20-21, 30-31 lamb, 38-39 Tion cub, 34-35 puppies, 26-27, 36-37 Backgrounds, 11, 33,56, 57, 59, 79, 89, 98,99, 102, 103, 106, 108, 109, 122, 133, 140, 141 Dacklighting, See Light sources Beaks, 100 Bear cub, 28-29 Blending, 9, 17 Blending stamp. See Tortllons Blocking in, 24, 44, 46, 48, 50, 36, 57, 59, 60, 62, 64, 56, 72, 74,75, 76,81, 82, 86, 88, 00, 94, 102, 104, 126, 130, Block shading ‘in cat drawings, 53, 39, 62, 63, 65 defined, 45, in dog drawings, 47, 56, 61 Bones, 70 Box turtle, 134-135 Bridles, horse, 124-125 Brushes bristle, 20, 21, 24, 25, 28, 32, 33, 34, 36, 38, 39, 41, 117, 131 {for colored pencil work, 116 for eraser crumbs, 6, 91 sesso, 18, for painting washes, 7,85 {or tracing, 13 Bulldog, 46-47 Bunny, 18-19) Bush baby, 138-139 Duatterfly, 30,31 Cc Cast shadows defined, 8, 12 in drawings, 18, 35, 44, 49, 51, 33,59, 61, 62, 65, 80,81, 91, 95, 101, 102, 106, 137, 141 cas in abag, 44-45 as kittens, 20-21, 30-31, 50-51 Maine Coons, 62-63, 130-131 Ocicat, 64465 and photo references, 13, and portraits, 52-53 silver tabby, 58-59 Chests of cats, 51, 53, 64, 65 of dogs, 47, 48, 49, 121 of owls, 101 ‘Claws, 26, 103, 104, 106, 122 Collars, 53, 67, Colored pencils animal drawings with, 114—141 tools and techniques for, 116-117 ‘Composition, 13,62, 76, 104, 106, 107, 123 Contrast, 2,19, 21, 23, 33,35, 37,41, 44, 53, 37, 74, 81, 87, 90, 103, 107, 116, 122,13, 127, BL Core shadows, 8 Cows, 140-141 ‘Crosshatching, 9, 11, 100, 101, 117 D Dachshunds, 48-49 Dalmatian, 60-61 Dappled pony, 94-93 Depth in drawing, 24, 25, 28, 29, 31, 32, 36, 40, 41, 56, 1, 70, 89, 93, 99, 109, 110, 127,137, 141 and foreshortening, 15, 88, 92, 108 illusion of, 8 and perspective, 14 and shacling, 11 Dimension, 8, 10, 41, 94, 95, 101, 103 ‘See also Three dimensions Dingo, 108-109 Distance, 11, 14,15, 29, 36, 80, 103, 104, 133 Dogs Bulldog, 40-47 Dachshunds, 48-49 Dalmatian, 60-61 Husky, 30-57, identifying dillerences between, 48 Labrador Retriever, 66-67 Shetland Sheepdog, 120-121 Springer Spaniel puppy, 3455 Drawing elements, 8 E Fars, 18, 19, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32,34, 36, 40, 46,47, 48, 49, 30, 52, 53. 34.56. 58, 39, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 65,67, 72, 76, 77, 82, 98, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 110, 120, 121, 122, 124 125, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 1 Elipses, 8, 15 Erasers for background design, 33 and brushes for eraser erumbs, 91 for colored pencils, 116 defined as drawing tool, 6, 11 electric, 21, 45, 53, 63 and grid method, 78 ‘kneaded, See Kneaced erasers and paper damage, 6, 84 peneil erasers, 44, 45, 51, 57, 59, 61, 63, 73, 74, 79,81 plastie, 6 putty. See Adhesive putty vinyl, 53 Eyes brows of, 26, 27, 81, 105, 108, 123 {in colored pencil, 118, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 134, 136, 137, 138, 139, 149, 141 in peneil drawing, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24,27, 28, 30, 33, 34, 36, 38, 39. 40, 46, 48, 49, 50,51, 52, 54, 50, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 64, 66, 70, 72, 73, 76, 198, 100, 102, 103, 104, 103, 106, 108, 109, 10 F Facial features of alpacas, 132 fof bear cubs, 28 cof Bush babies, 138 of cats, 13, 20, 30, +4, 50, cof dingoes, 108 of dogs, 26, 48 of fain, 32 of giraffes, 40 of horses, 24, 72,75, 76, 78, 82, 84, 124 ‘of koalas, 104 of leopards, 128 of Hon cubs, 34 of owls, 100 of squirrels, 122 of tiger cubs, 102, See also specific facial feauures Fawns, 32-33 Feathers ‘of goslings, 22 of aries, 126, 127 130of owls, 100, 101 of roosters, 118, 119 Fixatives, 7,113, 116 Foals, 24-25, 80-81 Foreground, 11, 14, 47, 89, 106, 133, 135, 141 Foreshortening, 14, 15, 88, 92, 108 Form, defined, 7, 8 in drawing, 26, 38, 40, $5, 58, 62, 64, 66, 67, 72, 74, 76, 77, 80, 81, 83, 85, 86, 87, 91, 93, 94, 98, 99, 102, 103, 106, 110, 111; 112, 125, 127, 128, 129 Fox, 136-137 Fur of alpacas, 132, 133 of bear cubs, 28, 29, of bunnies, 9, 18, 19 of Bush babies, 138, 139 of eus, 13, 20, 21, 30, 44, 45, 30, 51, 52,53, 58, 59, 62, 63, 64, 130, 131 with colored pencils, 120, 121, 122, 123, 129, 130, 131, 136, 137, 138, 139 of dingoes, 108, 109 of dogs, 26, 36, 46, 47, 48, 35, 57, 58, 61, 66, 120, 121 of fans, 32 of foxes, 136, 137 of kangaroos, 110, 111, 112 of Koalas, 104, 105, 106, 107 of leopards, 129 of lion cubs, 34, 35 short and patterned textures of, 12 of squirrels, 122, 123, of tiger cubs, 102, 103 and wool, 38, 39. See also Hair G Gesso brushes, 18 Getha, Patricia, 69 Giacomett, 11 Gicafe call, 40-41 Gheing, 85 Gosling, 22-23 Gouache, 16 Gradating, 7, 8, 9, 56, 83, 85,95, Gray squirtel, 122-125, Grid method, 52, 66, 78 Grounding, 19, 41, 49, 63, 101, 112, 113, 119 Guidelines, 49, 50, 56, 72, 73, 74, 76, 80, 110, 112, 118, 120, 128, 138, 140 Gypsy Vanner horse, 86-87 H Hair above eyes, 123, 136, 137 of bear cubs, 28 of bunnies, 18, 19 of eats, 20, 30, +4, 45, 50, 52, 53, 58, 59, 62, 63, 64, 65 of cows, 141 ‘of dogs, 26, 36, 46, 47, 48, 49, 54,55, 56, 57, 60, 61, 66, 67 of fawns, 32 of foxes, 137 of giraffes, 40, 41 ‘of horses, 24, 25, 41, 74,76, 77, 84, 85, 91, 92, 135 ‘of lion cubs, 34, 35 long and white, 12 ‘with negative drawing, 11 textures, 7, 12, See also Fur Hatching ‘with colored pencils, 117 defined, 9 In horse drawi for texture, 12 Highlights ‘with colored penctis, 116, 120, 121 122, 124, 127, 131, 137, 138, 130 defined, 8 in pencil drawing, 11, 12, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 50, 52, 54, 57, 60, OF, 66, 67, 71. 71, 79, 81, 88, 89, 90, 93, 04, 100, 103, 109, 110 Horses ‘American Morgan, 92-93 American Paint, 88-89 ‘American Saddlebred, 84-85 ‘anatomy of, 70-71 Appaloosas, 78-79, 81 Arabian, 76-77 ‘and colored pencils, 124-125 and foals, 24-25, 80-81 Gypsy Vanner, 86-87 and hooves, 70, 71, 91, 92, 94 and manes, 7,25, 72,73, 74, 76.77, 80, 81, 82, 64, 85, 90, 91, 92,94, 95, 124, 135 and ponies, 75, 90-91, 94-95 profiles of, 72-74, 124-125 Standardbred Trotter, 82-83, Husky, 36-57 Incising (indenting) ‘in cat drawings, +4, 50, 52, 53, 8, 62 defined, 102 in dog drawings, 46, 35, 66, 67 In tiger cub drawings, 103, K Kangaroo, 110-113, Kittens, 20-21, 30-31, 50-51 Kneaded erasers, 6, 19, 22, 23, 25, 27, 28, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 41, (67, 77, 89, 91, 93, 95, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 105, 106, 110, 111, 112, 116, 139 Koala, 104-107 73,77 L Labrador Retriever, 66-67 Lamb, 38-39 Layering color, 117, 119, 120, 123, 124 125, 126, 127, 129, 131, 132, 135, 137, 141 Leopard, 128-129, Life drawing, 94 Lifting out, 11, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27,29, 31, 33, 35, 36, 37, 39, 44, 51, 67, 73, 100, 101, 106, 109, 110, 139 Light source. 8, 63, 90, 95, 98, 101, 137, 138. See also Highlights; Shading: Shadows Lines ‘incised. See Incising, and penell techniques, 9 practicing types of, 10-11 and shapes, 8 Lion cub, 34235 Lory, 126-127 M ‘Maine Coon eats, 62-63, 130-131 ‘Movement and action, 81, 82-83, ‘Muscles, 40, 70, 71, 75, 79, 80, 81, 82, 86, 88, 90, 92 Muzzles of bear cubs, 28 of cats, 62 of dingoes, 108, 100 of dogs, 26, 27, 46, 48, 49, 55, 57, 61, 666, 120 ol foxes, 136, of giralfes, 40 of horses, 24, 71, 72, 76, 124, 125 cof kangaroos, 110 of tiger cubs, 102, 103 N [Negative drawing, 11, 20,31, 4, 102, 105, 110 Nos in drawings, 18, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 45, 46, 50,51, 52, 34, 56, 59, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 70, 102, 105, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 120, 121, 122, 125, 128, 129, 130, 131 152, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141 textures af, 12 Pp Paintbrushes, 7. See also Brushes Pint washes, 85 Paper for colored pencil work, 116 sgmy-toned, 138 Introduced, 6 protection of, 98 sanded, 130 Petextures of, 6,116 tracing, 13 types of, 6, 116 Paws, See Claws Pencils basic techniques with, ® ‘colored, 116-117 positions for gripping, 9 sharpeners for, 5 types of, 7 Perspective basics of, 14-15 and distortion, 88, 92, 94, 99 Photographs ‘combining, 13, 76, 104 and distortion, 88, 92, 94, 99 ‘drawing animals from, 13, 20, 22,26, 40, $8, 50, 2, 53, 54, 35, 60, 76, 78, 92, 04, 99, 100, 102, 103, 104, 106, 108, 110, 111, 112, 118, 131 and life drawing, 13, 94 Ponies, 75, 90-91, 94-95 Portraiture, 13, 32-53, 06-67, 76-77, 102, 108 Powell, William F., 14 Profiles, 72-74, 124-125, Proportion, See Anatomy and proportion Puppies, 26-27, 36-37, 54-55 Putty erasers. Se Adhesive putty R Realism in drawings, 14, 44, 70, 71,79, 90, 93, 126, 129 and textures, L1, 12,77, Red fox, 136-137 Reference photos. See Photographs Reflected light, 8,47, 57, 60, 66, 92, 112 Rooster, 118-119 Rubbing, 6,9, 10, 35, 78, 102, 105 s Sandpaper blocks, 10, 116 Scrumbling, 12, 103 Seurat, 11 Shading introduced, 6 techniques, 9-11. See also Block shading Shadows in animal texn ‘core, 8 delined, 8 and three dimensions, 8. See aise Cast shadows Sharpeners, 6, 7, 116 Shells, ele, 134, 135 Shetland Sheepdog, 120-121 Skeletons, 70, 71 Sketch method, 50 Sketch pads, 6 Skin, 6,9, 10, 12, 36, 40, 46, 49, 50,54, 56, 39, 60, 66, #4, 98, 99, 124, 134, 150, 16 es, 12 Skulls, 70 Smith, Cindy, 17 Smudging as drawing technique, 11 prevention of, 9,91, 112, 113, Spray fixative, See Fixauives Springer Spaniel puppy, 54-55 Squirrel, 122-123 Stacey, Nolon, 43, Standardbred Trotter horse, 82-83 Stippling, 11 Strokes and animal textures, 12 with colored pencils, 117 types of, 9-11 T Tals of alpacas, 132 of Bush babies, 138, 139 of cats, 63, 64, 65, 130, 131 of cows, 140, 141 of girafles, 40 of horses, 25, 81, 82, 84, 85, 92, 95, of kangaroos, 110, 111, 112 of lories, 127 of owls, 100, 101 of roosters, 118, 119 of squirrels, 122, 123 Textures of animals, 12, 116 of coats, 73, 77 of ears, 67 of eyes, 64, 104 of fabric and metal, 67 of feathers, 100, 127 of fur, 13, 44, 50,51, 62, 63, 65, 103, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112 of grass, 95 of hair, 7, 11,25, 74, 7 of lines, 117 of noses, 26, 32, 38, +, 46, 61, 66, 104, 106 of paper, 6, 116 of paws, 44, 47, 65, 104 and shading, 9 of shadows, 91 of skin, 40,98 of wood and bark, 29, 106, 123 Three dimensions, 6,8, 14, 60, 89, 112. See also Dimension Tiger cub, 102-103 Tone in backgrounds, 56, 102, 103, 108, 109 and pencils, 7 and shading, 9-11 in tiger drawings, 103, Tongues, 69, 129 Tools and materials, 6-7. See also specific tools and materials Tortilons and baby animal drawings, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,32, 34, 35, 36,38, 40 for blending and smudging, 9, 11 defined, 6 and dog drawings, 27, 47 and horse drawings, 24, 73,74, 77, 87, 91, 92,93, for textures, 12 for value sedles, 8 anal wild animal drawings, 98, 101, 102, 106 ‘Tracing and transerring ‘in baby animal drawings, 20, 22, 24,26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40 ‘in cat Grawings, 20, 30 defined. 13, in dog drawings, 26, 36, 54 in horse drawings, 24, 73, 76, 78 ‘in wild animal drawings, 98, 102, 104, 100, 102, 104, 105, 108, 110, 138 ‘Ture, 134-135, V Value ‘in baby animal drawings, 24, 26, 31, 32 in colored pencil, 133, defined, 8 in dog drawings, 24, 54, 47 in horse drawings, 24, 73, 74,77, 79, 80, 82, 83, 85, 87, 89, 00, 93, 04,05 and perspective, 1+ and techniques, 9 value scales, 8 and watercolor washes, 7 in wild animal drawings, 105, 106 ‘Van Gogh, 11 Ww ‘Watercolor, 6, 7, 84, 116 and washes, 6, 7,85 Weil, Linda, 96 Whiskers of bunnies, 18, of cats, 20, 21, 30, 44, 45, 50, 51, 52, 53, 59, 62, 65, 130, 131 of dogs, 26, 27, 36, 49, 55, 61, 66 of foxes, 136, 137 of leopards, 128 of lon cubs, 34, 35 of squirrels, 122, of tiger cubs, 102, 103 Wild animals, 96-113 Wool, 38, 39 Work stations, 6 ¥ Yaun, Debra Kauffman, 115