oo ooEO—— rt (2133) 2010-2011 M.TECH. (I SEMESTER) EXAMINATION (PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING) ADVANCED MATHEMATICS (AM—641) Maximum Marks: 75 Duration: Three Hours Note: Answer five questions, selecting atleast two ftom each section. SECTION-A 1 (@) Solve the system of differential equations ox a” ay Woxst dt with x = 1, y= when t= 0, taking At= h = 0.1, using fourth order Runge- Kutta method. (©) Solve the boundary value problem y*~64y+10=0 with y(0) = y(1) = 0, using finite difference method. Compute the value of y (0.5) only with h 0.25. OR (b’) Use the Runge ~ Kutta method, of fourth order to determine the approximate value of y at x = O.l if y satisfies the differential equation ay eee eee ae iy See ® Geo 2ay = I with y(O)= 1, and y'(0)= 0. Take h=0.1 «p 2 2, ® Find the solution of the parabolic equation a 2s 0 when u (0,t) = 0, u (4, t) = 0, u (x0) = x (4 - x) using Bender-Schmidt recurrence relation. Assume h= 1. Find the values upto t= 5. (b) Derive the Crank-Nicolson difference scheme for the parabolic equation = with boundary conditions u (0, t) = To, u ( #) = Ty and initial condition as u (x, 0) = f(x). (©) Classify the partial differential equation: eu ou 2)0u 2x4 (-y oe axay OY Noy (66.3) 3 (@) _ Evaluate the pivotal values of the following equation taking h = 1 and upto one half of the period of vibration) @ &) © ©) (@) @) eo’) given that u (0, t)=u (5, t) 66 0)=22 9) and ( Solve the Poisson’s equation gua coma! ex’ by 10(x? +y? +10) over the square with sides x = 0 = y, x= mesh length = |. Give four iterations only. =y with u=0 on the boundary and (7, Express the function £(<)=1 for =0 for [x|>1 as a Fourier integral. Hence evaluate [2"* dx ax Using Fourier integral, show that jainmhsina, cae OR defined by T (x1, x3 x3) +Xi +X} linear transformation? Construct a linear transformation T:R? — R? such that T (1,2) =(1,2,5) and T(2,3) = (0,0,6). Show that the eigen vectors of a real symmetric matrix A are orthogonal to each other where OR Define Rayleigh Quotient and hence use it to estimate the eigen values of mateix: s 4 (9,6) -4 5S eo Define biorthogonality. Find the biorthogonal sets of eigen vectors for matrix: 200 A=|5 40 a8 OR The eigen vector u' of a real matrix A corresponding to eigen value ,is orthogonal to the complex conjugate of every eigen vector Vi of At ‘corresponding to an eigen value 2, different from ?.,. Verify this fact for the ‘matrix : 4 -20 -10 =e 10" # 6 -30 -13 State Fredholm solrability conditions. Check whether Au (2.4,7)' has a solution for matrix & aoa an -3 2 1 etre(2129) 2010-2011 M-TECH (I SEMESTER) EXAMINATION (PETROLEUM PROCESSING & PETRO-CHEMICAL ENGINEERING) FLUID FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER (PK - 601) Maximum Marks: 75 Duration: Three Hours Note: v @ ® © @) (a) Answer the following questions Explain the industrial significance and the effectiveness of the extended (03) surfaces (fins). Derive the steady state one dimensional energy equation for a variable cross- (07) sectional fin. State the assumptions clearly. A thin fin of length L has its two ends attached to large parallel plates which (09) are maintained at temperatures T, and T;. The ambient air which is at a temperature T, surrounds the fin. Show that the temperature distribution along the length of the fin is given by T (1, -T.)sinhm(L-x) , (T,-T,)sinhmx sink mL sinh mL (oh |=": and h, = heat transfer coefficient Vike k= thermal conductivity of the fin 1 = thickness of the fin start from the equation developed in question 1 (b) OR Derive the modified Navier-Stokes equations in rectangular co-ordinate system (19) and use them for calculating average velocity for a fluid flowing with a stream velocity us, in one direction, between two large parallel plates separated by a distance b. Where m i ——+ * direction ‘A heated sphere of radius R is suspended in a large motion less body of fluid. It (10) is desired to study the heat conduction in the fluid surrounding the sphere. Show that the temperature distribution T, corresponding to any radius, r in the sphere is (1, -T.)/(, -T.)=R/t and the heat transfer coefficient expressed as Nusselt Number, Nu, in dimensionless form is Nu=2 Contd.oa 2! a o) © @ ) © e129) Where Ta = Surface temperature and T.,= Fluid temperature at infinite radius from the centre of the sphere. Steady state heat conduction equation through 2a de) Explain the importance of optimum outlet water temperature to be employed in (03) a process heat exchanger. ‘The temperature distribution through a large wall 50 cm thick, heated from one (05) side, at a certain time, t, is found to be given by T =90—80x + 16x” +32x* —25x* where x is in meter and T is in °C. If the area of wall is 10m”, compute: the sphere is 4, 4 (* rdr (the heat entering and leaving the wall in unit time. Gi) the heat energy stored in the wall in unit time. Given : k (thermal conductivity) = 5.8 W/m.k and a. = 0.02m? /hr jout heat generation is ‘One dimensional unsteady state conduction eT OR Explain homogenous, separated and Lockhart Martinellis’ parameter and its (04) Significance for two-phase flow of a gas and liquid mixture. Derive the Lockhart-Martinelli’s parameter when both the phases are in (06) turbulent flow and flowing co-currently in a pipe. xo) EY ee Lx Pi) \Yo) | Given f= 16/Re for laminar flow and f= 0.316/Re"? for turbulent flow ‘A mixture of gas and liquid flows through a pipe of internal diameter 0.026m at (08) fa steady total flow rate of 0.5 kg/s. The dynamic viscosities of gas and liquid ‘are 1.5 x 10° Ns/m? and 2.5 x 10° Ns/m? respectively. The density of the gas and liquid are 80 kg/t and 1200 kg/m? respectively. The wt-fraction of the gas is 0.149. Caloulate the pressure gradient in the pipe using Lockhart-Martinelli correlation. Table | for the two-phase, 4, correction factor is given below: Xor Xen 4 001 128 0.02 68.4 0.04 38.5 0.07 24.4 0.10 185 |20.00 1.48 0.20 11.2 | 40.00 1.29 0.40 7.05 | 70.00 1.17 0.70 5.04 190-00 1-41 1.00 4.202129) radius oy ough pedin (03) Rone (05) bits (04) 0) bin (06) © 4 @ bat (08) o bid gs Bs li oe) 129) Nitrogen at atmosphere pressure and 30°C temperature flows steadily over a (12) horizontal flat plate with a stream velocity of 60.2 m/s. Calculate the boundary layer thickness in meters at a distance of 4.2m along the plate from the initial point of impact of the nitrogen stream with the plate. Derive the equation used, Assume that the nitrogen gas behave as the ideal gas at the abovementioned conditions, Velocity distribution in the boundary layer may be approximate by BG ) ] if the flow is laminar and u, /u, -] if the Boundary layer thickness 0.188 x 10° Ne/m? Gi) Gas constant, R = 82.06 (atm)(em?)/mol/(°K) Gi) 10006.P= 1.0 Nein? Draw a schematic diagramme of 1-4 shell and tube heat exchanger and its (03) temperature profile. Given: (i) Dynamic Viscosity of ai List the various types of industrial furnaces and compact heat exchanges. (04) Explain the limitations of double pipe heat exchanger. A large plate of thickness ‘L” has a uniform temperature distribution 2T, (14) initially. The temperature at both surfaces is suddenly changed to Ty and held constant thereafter. Derive a relationship for the temperature as a function of time, distance and thermal properties. Neglect edge effects. In a refinery, exhaust steam at low Pressure is available in abundance. The (05) exhaust steam is of limited process value as its saturation temperature is low. However from various estimates the cost of the exhaust steam is from 1/4 to V8 of the line process steam. In view of this it has been decided to use this sicam by employing two heat exchanges in series. Frame only the equation to calculate the intermediate temperature to be maintained so that exhaust steam is stilized optimally. OR (Draw the Sankey's energy diagramme for a commercial plant and (03) indicate the potential areas wherein energy conservation measures may be adopted/required, (ii) Define sub cooled and saturated boiling. a teeeeEe 2130 2010-2011 M. Tech (I Semester) Examination Petroleum Processing and Petrochemical Engineering Petroleum Processing PK-602 Max Marks: 75 Duration: Three hours NOTE: Answer ALL questions. 1(a) Describe briefly different theories of origin and formation of petroleum. What is the Modern theory for its formation? 6 OR (2°) Write an explanatory note on the historical development of Indian Petroleum Industry. 6 (©) Give brief accounts of: i) Kerogen ii) Resins and asphaltenes iii) Heavy and extra heavy crude oils 2 (c) What are the non-hydrocarbon constituents of crude oil? Give classification of sulfur compounds present in the crude oil along with its adverse effects. 7 OR (c’) Describe briefly various methods for the classification of crude oil. Which method do you feel better and convenient? 7 2(a) A sample of oil has specific gravity 0.895 and a kinematic viscosity of 2.5 at 37.8 °C, Caleulate its VGC value. 3 (b) Give briefly the differences between ASTM D 86 and TBP 15/5 distillation. Describe briefly the different sequences followed for the operation of a TBP distillation. oR 8 b°) Explain the method of operation of a multidraw atmospheric distillation column. How does it differ from conventional distillation? Give the different products of crude oil distillation mentioning their boiling range, carbon range and their uses. (c) How pour point, cloud point and CFPP differ from each other? 2 (@Give a comparative account of the compositions of LPG, gasoline, Kerosene and diesel 2 3(a) What do you mean by Octane number? How do the Motor and Research methods differ from each other? 3 (b) What do you understand by the term, Nelson Complexity Index? If for a refinery the complexity index is high, what does it signifies? 3 .) Why is an upper limit for aromatic content prescribed for aviation turbine fuels? 2 Contd, 2ae 2130 (@) Why a certain amount of hydrochloric acid is added into the reactor in reforming process, Drew a neat process flow sheet of semi regenerative catalytic reforming process for the enhancement of octane number of gasoline and describe it with the help ofits reaction mechanism and reasons of using more than one reactor, 7 (a) Who started the first exploration activity in India and when? How many sedimentary basins are discovered and explored in India tll now? 2 oR (@) Explain briefly the method of conducting seismic surveys for finding petroleum reservoirs, 2 (b) What are different basic types of rigs? Differentiate between Kelly and Top Drive Systems and explain their operations, 1 oR (6) Which component is used to prevent kick and blowouts? Explain the different parts of it in detail 1 (©) Name different drill string components Explain clearly the function of each. 6. (a) Differentiate between Roller cone bit and Fixed cutter bit. When the lower bottom hole assembly becomes stuck which tool can be used to free it and how? 7 OR (@) Name different types of drill fluids and describe their functions. Why crew members put additives in drill fluids? 7 (6) Discuss briefly different techniques of enhanced oll recovery .Explain three approaches of microbial injection - 8ee Maximum Marks: 75 2131 2010-2041 M.TECH. | SEMESTER EXAMINATION (PETROLEUM PROCESSING & PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING) DISTILLATION AND EXTRACTION (PK- 603) Answer any FIVE questions. Assume suitable values of required data, t (b) 2. 3. fa) ) (c) 4 (a) &) any. Discuss the factors that are considered for the selection of feasible and ‘optimum separation process(es). Derive Fenske equation for minimum number of stages. State assumptions, if any. For the debutanizer shown in figure-1, calculate the minimum number of stages. Also calculate the distribution of any one non-key component (Use figure-2 for required data) 100 kgmol/hr of three component bubble p distilation, has the following composition: mixture, to be separated by Component Mole Fraction Relative Volatility A 04 5 B 02 3 c 04 1 Calculate distillate and bottom composition for a distillate rate of 60 kgmoV/hr, five theoretical stages and at total reflux. Using separation in part (s) for components’ B and C, determine the minimum reflux ratio and minimum boilup ratio. For an operating reflux ratio of 1.2 times the minimum, determine the number of theoretical stages and the feed stage location. Discuss any two of the following in detail Reactive Distillation Pressure Swing Distillation Duration: Three Hours 07 15 15 15(ec) 5 6. (a) (b) 7. Residue Curve Maps iscuss the advantages and disadvantages of different pieces of equipment employed for Liquid-Liquid Extraction. Also suggest a scheme for selecting the suitable equipment for various applications. 15 Discuss, in brief, the significance of employing supercritical conditions in the 05, extraction process, with special reference to refining and petrochemicals. Acetic acid is continuously extracted from a 3 wt% dilute solution in water with ‘a solvent of isopropyl ether in a mixer-settler unit. The flow rates of feed and solvent are 12,400 and 24,000 liters/nour respectively. Assuming a residence time of 2 minutes in the mixer and the setting vessel capacity of 500 rs/min-cm’, estimate: Diameter and height of mixing vessel if H/Dr = 1 Diameter and Length of a settling vessel, assuming it to be a horizontal cylindrical vessel. Residence Time in the settling vessel Furfural is to be continuously extracted from a dilute solution In water by toluene at 25 °C in an agitated vessel as shown in figure-3. The feed flow rate ig 20,400 Ib/hr while the solvent flow rate is 11,200 Ib/hr, For a residence time of 2 min in the vessel, estimate the following for raffinate phase as the dispersed phase: () The dimension of the mixing vessel and the diameter of the flat- blade turbine impeller (i) The minimum rate of rotation of the impeller for complete and uniform dispersion. The power requirement of the agitator at the minimum rotation rate. 10 |2131 2131 ‘sozjueyngop 103 suonvaytoadg| +} -eunbia {e"807) (ote) & (2222) &% (1"6e) 9 (£2) Po. (oh) Sou & OF 9 ou yjowg) = yueucdwog swonog 98 oe 2 tle 2 Vee 9 8% § aL gu 9& — 1H) Sor Bry OM) ow (son) a of w Sou yjoulg; yusuodwos et S97 sozueingeg ey ou peey (zu) *38 wiowq, weuodwo3 15 05 10 eee PS a 15 hiatal sched2131 TTT J 1 titt m T Kiesa 2131 Cover plate Effluent pipe Organic phase || Water inlet pipe inlet pipe Figure | - 3: |Agitated vessel with flat-blade turbine and baffles.2131 (lesen) ogi-941 a Ser eorv takers, 174 poe Ame SG wo] apReejer= A “sequin spjoukey sed; *xOVIOA OU TEAS SSM PPI ggo‘ooL 0000" 00°01 00's 000% 000" _ 009 90% yep “papeig-x1s 305 oHTeFAHIOD Jom\0g (Q) leekea ee T Teal T Iaeedceee lect [Xes61) 91-191 “Bugg wiay “SOHSPIO "A'T PIE WORST, -yonspaiaenega somod ord y, (8) “sjassoa pane jo wondumsuoa smog) ry -ounBl4 ‘epinbyy aeoyd-o}Buys 404 aang, ) quosaid Koon “gg nino 404 unsaid xoyon ou “aDA¥ Baio 404 ty 809 ob ot wah ooh a ot oot Say BoyMec Marks: 75 N a) i) @ Winte a note on any two of the following and suggest a simulation algorithm. 2120 2010-2011 M.TECH. (I SEMESTER) EXAMINATION (CHEMICAL / PETRO-CHEMICAL ENGINEERING) PROCESS MODELING & SIMULATION (PK-611 / CH-615) Duration: Three Hours Derive and discuss (by an example) the logic flow diagram for the development of mathematical model of a system. Differentiate between various modeling techniques. Define Process Flowsheeting. What are the various softwares used for flowsheet- ing? Discuss in general the development of such softwares and their internal components. Derive the transient model of a real tubular reactor, operating under is conditions. Assume applicability of axial dispersion model. Define i boundary conditions. Use it to obtain the model for transport of reactant into the single cylindrical pore of a catalyst. Solve the model for steady state situation. Explain multiplicity of steady states by considering the oxidation of carbon monoxide over platinum catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor, OR Derive the state space model of a plate gas absorber, used for the design of its control systems. Solve the model using analytical techniques. Consider that a first order irreversible exothermic reaction is taking place in a CSTR, fitted with cooling coils. Use Van-Heerden analysis to develop the slope criteria in general form for the stability of steady states. 2) Modeling of Conventional Multicomponent Distillation. b) Modeling of Steamed Heated Exchanger. (©) Modeling of Catalytic Cracking Unit. Contd. (ao) (05) (15) (05) a5) (05) (10+10)02 2120 (a) Modeling of Triple Effect Evaporator. (©) Modeling of Ammonia Synthesis Reactor. 4. (a) Corrigan and Beavers proposed a flow model of a real CSTR . By using stochastic (10) approach, derive the expression for its RTD functions, E(t) and F(t). () Apply population balance modeling technique to describe N-Tanks in series. (10) How will the model equations change for N-Tanks of equal volume? seb(2139) 2011-2012 M.TECH. (I SEMESTER) EXAMINATION (PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING) ADVANCED MATHEMATICS (AM - 641) ‘Maximum Marks: 60 Duration: Three Hours | “Students governed by the old ordinances will be examined out of 75 marks and their obtained | marks shall be proportionately raised.” ‘Note: Answer five questions by selecting atleast two questions from each section. SECTION ~ A 1 (@)_Use Runge ~ Kutta method of order 4 to find the values of x (0.2) and y (0.2), given “a xytt, 0)=1 es x(0) y Detyex, (0) =- a tx ¥0) (Choose h = 0,2) (®) Apply Modified - Euler's method to find the value of y (0.2) for the initial (6+6) value problem: y"+4y' + 5y=0, y(0)=3, y(0) = (choose h = 0.2) 2. (@) Solve the boundary value problem y" + 3y'-2y =2, y(0)=1 and y' (1) -0 by difference method with h = 1/3. (66) Given u (x, y) = x + y on the boundary and h = 1, apply three iterations of Liebmann’s iterative method to find the approximate solution. @) Given: f= 228 gexcatzo a Initial conditions : f (x, 0) = 10 (4 — x) Boundary conditions : f (0, t) = f (4, t) = 0 for 2 0. Solve it upto three time levels using Crank — Nicholson scheme. (©) Solve numerically the wave equation (6+6) fu_ au ae,” with the boundary conditions u (0, t) = 0 = u (4, ), > 0 and the initial O= jul? - llvi?- (b) Differentiate between orthogonal and orthonormal basis and hence express the vector (7, 3, 9)' in terms of the orthogonal basis {(1,1,1)', (1,01) (1, -2, 1} inR’. OR, (b’) Generate an orthonormal set from the linearly independent set of vectors (6+6) (2,0,1)5 (2.1.3) (4,1,2)'in B®. (@ Define a linear transformation. Construct a linear transformation T:R’—>R? such that T (1,00) = (1,1), T(0,1,0) = (1,2) and T (00,1) = (1,3). (b) Show that the eigen vectors of the given real symmetric matrix A are orthogonal to each other 2 Agel 0 OR (b!) Determine if (A + 21) u = b is consistent or inconsistent for (6+6) 3 26 A=|2 -1 -3/&b=(1,1,-D. [-2 -1 1 (a) Define biorthogonality. Find the biorthogonal sets of eigen vectors for the matrix: 2nd) A= | le=3) (©) The reversible reaction x; € x2 occurs isothermally in a batch reactor. The (6*6) forward and reverse reactions are both first order with rate constants 1s" and 2s" respectively. The initial concentrations of x), x2 are 2g mol/cc and 3g mol/cc, Determine the equilibrium concentration in the reactor. The evaluation of the concentrations x; and x) are given byPa @ ) © @ () ‘A wastewater contain 50 mg/L of Z;*. How high must the pH be raised to precipitate all but 1 mg/L of zine? What adverse effect might occur if pH were raised too high. Take the values of K,, and formation constants as follows Kp = 8x10, log Ky = 4.15, log Kz = 6.0, log K3 = 4.11 and log Ky = 1.26. A buffer solution has been prepared by adding 0.2 mol/l of acetic acid and 0.1 mole/l of acetate. The pH of the buffer solution has been adjusted to 5.0 by addition of NaOH. How many mol/| of NaOH is required to inverse the pH to 5.5. What organic compounds are likely to be present in domestic wastewater? Differentiate between starch and cellulose molecules. Briefly describe the properties of surfactants. Describe briefly water stabilisation. Derive the equation used for the determination of Lauglier Index. Calculate the activity coefficient and activity of each ion in a solution containing 75 mg/L Na‘, 25 mg/L Ca“, 10 mg/L Mg", 125 mg/L CI, 50 mg/L HCO; and 48 mg/L SO;. 2014 [12] {04} {05} [03] [06] (06]2014 2011-2012 M.TECH. (I SEMESTER) EXAMINATION (CIVIL / PETRO-CHEMICAL ENGG.) (ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING) ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY (CE-622 / PK-620) Maximum Marks : 60 "Students governed by the old ordinances will be examined out of 75 marks and their obtained marks shall be proportionately raised.” Note: (i) Answer all the questions. (i) Assume missing data suitably. 1. (@) Briefly explain the different units used for the expression of strength of a solution. [05] (b) Calculate the equivalent weight of potassium dichromate as used in the following [03] reactions. @ = Cx,07° +2Pb* +H,O > 2PbCrO, +2H* Gi) CO} +14H* +60" — 2Cr** +7H,0 (©) Balance the following redox reactions [04] () Oxidation of $,07" to SO} and reduction of Cl, to Cl- (ii) Oxidation of Ctl:20s to CO; and reduction of SNO; to Nz OR 1, (@ Calculate the hydroxide, carbonate and bicarbonate alkalinity using the following [08] titration results ‘Sample pH | Total mL of titrant to reach end point Phenol. ‘Methyl Orange 110 10.0 15.5 Take sample volume as 100 mL. and strength of H,SO, as N/SO. (6) Define proton balance. Illustrate with atleast two examples. [04] 2. (@) Describe in detail the procedure used for the determination of fluoride ion. [08] (6) How many moles of H2SOs are required to form 65 g of CaSO, from CaCOs. [04] 3. (@) Briefly describe the significance of concentration diagrams. Draw the logarithmic [07] concentration diagrams for the following solutions. @ 01M HCO; (i) 01M HPO, Draw the diagrams on graph papers. () What are the persistant organic pollutants found in environment? Also describe [05] their properties. OR2011-2012 M.TECH. (I SEMESTER) EXAMINATION (CHEMICAL / PETRO-CHEMICAL ENGINEERING) PROCESS MODELING & SIMULATION - (CH-615 / PK-616) Duration: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 60 te “Students governed by the old ordinances will be examined out of 75 marks and their obtained marks shall be proportionately raised.” Answer all questions. 1. (@) Derive and discuss (by an example) the logic flow diagram for the development (08) ®) 2 (a) ) 2.(@) ©) 3. (a) ) ‘of mathematical model of a system. Differentiate between various modeling techniques. Discuss the structure of ASPEN PLUS process simulator and the basic computa- tion elements in it. Explain the use of simulator for a distillation column. Construct a model each for lumped and distributed parameter system. Solve the model for steady state situation. Explain multiplicity of steady states with the help of a suitable example. OR Derive the state space model of'a non-isothermal CSTR, used for the design of its control systems. Solve the model using analytical techniques. Consider that a first order irreversible exothermic reaction is taking place in a CSTR, fitted with cooling coils. Use Van-Heerden analysis to develop the slope criteria in general form for the stability of steady states. Corrigan and Beavers proposed a flow model of a real CSTR . By using stochastic approach, derive expression for its RTD functions, E(t) and F(t). Apply population balance modeling technique to describe back flow cell model. How is the back flow cell model related to axial dispersion model? eeon (04) (12) (04) 2) (04) (08) (08)4, 02 2127 Write model equations and simulation algorithm for any two of the following. (08- Give a clear description of the process alongwith the assumptions and boundary conditions. (@) Multicomponent Distillation. (b) Jacketed Stirred Tank Heater. (©) Fluidized bed Catalytic Cracker. (4) Multiple Effect Evaporator. see ENDaee2136 2011-2012 M.TECH. (I SEMESTER) EXAMINATION L PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING) PETROLEUM PROCESSING (PK - 602) Maximum Marks : 60 Duration : Three Hours "Students governed by the old ordinances will be examined out of 75 marks and their obtained marks shall be proportionately raised.” Note: Answer all questions. QI (@) Describe Offshore Seismic Exploration method, also name some non- explosive & environmental friendly techniques of Seismic surveys. @+) (b) Name the different types of drill fluids, Discuss in detail the various funetions performed by various drilling fluids. +4) OR (b’) What do you mean by ‘Trip’ & “Trip tanks"? Name and discuss some basic BOP equipments. @+4) (Differentiate any two of the following, G43) (Core Bit & PDC Bit (Gi) Drill Collar & Crossover Subs (Giiflack up Rigs & Semi Submersible Rigs Q2 (a) Name various steps involved in completion of well. Discuss cementing & perforation in detail (443) (b) Describe the chemical, microbial & thermal methods of enhanced oil recovery. © (©) Discuss the thermodynamics & kinetic considerations of various reactions involved in catalytic reforming process, also discuss the effect of various reaction parameters on reforming process. +2) oR (c?) What are different types of catalyst used in reforming process? Describe any one type of catalytic reforming process with the help of suitable process flow sheet. (+4)re 2136 3{a) Write a note on the historical development of indian Petroleum Industry. Explain the Modern theory for the formation of crude petroleum? 5 oR {a’) Give brief accounts of: i) Kerogen and Shal Resins and asphaltenes ili) Heavy and extra heavy crude oils iv) Specific gravity and API gravity {b) What are the critical parameters you will select to evaluate a crude oil? How the hydrocarbon losses can be computed by measuring the RVP? iy (c) Nitrogen content and salt content of crude oils are undesirable constituents. Justify the statement, 3 ‘A(a} Describe briefly various methods which are usually employed for determining the base of the crude oil. Which method do you feel convenient and superior? eI oR (2!) How does TBP distillation become an important tool at the hands of the refiner to know a crude oll? Describe briefly the different sequences followed for the operation of a TBP distillation. Mention the key points which are included in its report. {(b) Explain briefly the method of operation of a multidraw vacuum distillation column. How doe: differ from conventional distillation? 4 (Describe the terms: IBP and EP. What do you mean by the distillation range of @sample? 2 (4) What is knocking? Why is it considered a nuisance? 1‘Maximum Marks : 60 2011-2012 M.-TECH. (I SEMESTER) EXAMINATION (PETROLEUM PROCESSING & PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING) DISTILLATION AND EXTRACTION (PK - 603) 2137 Duration : Three Hours “Students governed by the old ordinances will be examined out of 75 marks and their ‘obtained marks shall be proportionately raised.” Qu. av. Answer all questions. The Liquid feed of 100 mol/h having composition in mol as (n- 15 butane (xq= 0.40), n-pentane (xp = 0.25), n-hexane (xc = 0.20), n- heptane (xp = 0.15) is fed to a distillation tower at 405.3 kPa and is to be fractionated so that 95% of the n-pentane (B) is recovered in the distillate and 92% of the n- hexane (C) in bottoms. Calculate the following: 1. Moles per hour and composition of distillate and bottoms. 2. Dew point and Bubble point 3. Minimum stages for total reflux 4. Distribution of other components in distillates and bottoms. OR A feed of 30 mol% methanol ( A),20% ethanol (B), 15% n-propanol (O), and 35% n-butanol (D) is distilled at 101.32 kPa abs pressure to give a distillate composition mol % methanol and residue composition containing 5.0% methanol and the other components as calculated. The feed is below the boiling point so that operating reflux ratio is 3.0. Assume that Roults law applies and use vapour pressure data from Table 1. Calculate the following. 1. Composition and amounts of distillates and bottoms for a feed of 100 mol. 2. Top and bottom temperatures and number of stages at total reflux. 3. Minimum reflux ratio, number of stages at R=3.00.Q. Q3.(a) (b) © Qa. Qa, For the distillation column shown in Figure 1, use Tridiagonal Matrix procedure to compute xj, ; for components nC; (2). Use composition independent K-values from the Table 2. Write in brief the advantages and disadvantages of different types of Extraction Equipments. Explain in brie? about Residue Curve Maps and Distillation Curves Maps. An inlet water solution of 100 kg/h containing 0.010 wt fraction nicotine (A) in water is stripped with kerosene stream of 200 kg/h containing 0.0005 wt fraction nicotine in a countercurrent stage tower. The water and kerosene are immiscible in each other. It is desired to reduce the concentration of the exit water to 0.0010 wt fraction nicotine. Determine the theoretical number of stages needed. The equilibrium data is given in Table 3 ‘An aqueous feed solution of 1000 kg/h containing 23.5 wt% acetone and 76.5 w1% water is being extracted in a countercurrent multistage extraction system using pure methyl isobutyl ketone solvent at 298- 299 K. The outlet water raffinate will contain 2.5wt% acetone. Equilibrium data is given in Table 4. 1, Calculate the minimum solvent that can be used. 2. Using a solvent flow rate of 1.5 times the minimum, calculate the number of theoretical stages. OR Pure isopropyl ether of 450 kg/h is being used to extract an aqueous solution of 150 kg/h with 30 wi% acetic acid (A) by countercurrent multistage extraction, The exit acid concentration in the aqueous phase is 4.0 wt %. Calculate the number of stages required. Use equilibrium data from Table 5. 2137 15 15ae 2137 Table 1 Vapor pressure (mmiig) TC Methanol | Ethanol n-propanol n-butanol 30 415 220.0 88.9 BRIN 60 | 629 351.5 148,9 59.2 65 767 438.0 190.1 THT 70 939) 542.0 240.6 99.6 75 119 665.0 301.9 131.3 80 1339 812.0 376.0 165.0 5 1593 984.0 465.0 206.1 90 1884 1185.0 371.0 2259 100 2598 1706.0 843.0 387.6 Table 2. Kj - Stage i 2 ae 4 5 [ Cx) 1.23 1.63 217 2.70 3.33 nC) 033 0.50 O71 0.95 125 nC.) 0.103 0.166 0.255 036 0.49 Table 3 ‘weight fraction Nicotine in water | weight fraction Nicotine in solution Kerosene i 0.001010 0.000806 2. 0.00246 0.001959 B 0.00500 0.00454 4 0.00746 0.00682 a: 0.00988 0.00904 6. 0.0202 0.01852137 Table 4 Composition Data (wt%) Acetone Distribution Data (wt%) MIK Acetone Water Water Phase “MIK Phase 98.0 cea 2.00 25 45 93.2 46 2.33 5.5 10.0 773 18.95 3.86 75 13.5 10 244 4.66 100 175 65.5 28.9 5.53 12.5 213 54.7 376 7.82 15.5 25.5 46.2 43.2 10.7 qs 28.2 124 427 54.0 20.0 312 5.01 30.9 64.2 22.5 34.0 3.23 20.9 758 25.0 36.5 2.12 3.73 94.2 26.0 37.5 2.20 0 978 Table 5 Water Layer (wt%) = Isopropyl Ether Layer (wt%) Acetic Acid Water ‘Isopropyl Acetic Acid Water Isopropyl Ether Ether 0 98.8 12 0 06 99.4 0.69 98.1 a2 0.18 05 99.3 141 97.1 1s 037 07 98.9 2.89 95.5 L6 0.79 08 98.4 6.42 91.7 19 193 10 97.1 13.30 84.4 23 4.82 19 93.3 25.50 nA 3.4 11.40 ae 84.7 36.70 58.9 44 21.60 69 ns 44.30 45.1 10.6 31.10 10.8 58.1 46.40 37.1 16.5 36.20 15.1 48.7 00y= 100 ibmath | contatter | —Wyy——> 0, : “ ‘ if ts ° byltya20 hs eatuatod guid) «f T+ All stages at 100 80 21372137 10.0 oo — + | Dut ohne I 100125130, 175 200 TCO) : Figure 2. Equilibrium K values for light hydrocarbon systems at 405.3 kPa absolute, os! * 1.00 090 0.80 , 070 060 Rytl 010, === Extrapolated 1 10 020 030 040 050 0.60 070 080 090 1.00 NmiN2012-2013 M.TECH. AUTUMN (I SEMESTER) EXAMINATION, (PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING) ADVANCED MATHEMATICS (AM- 641) be proportionately raised.” Answer FIVE questions by selecting at least TWO questions from each section. SECTION —A (@) Use Runga-Kutta method of order 4 to find the values of V(I.1) and W(1.1), given: dv 1 — w=5 dw_w eee w()=1. du w ® Choose h= 0.1. (©) Apply Euler’s method to find the value of x and y at t= 0.5, given ax oy SS yt, Dox 4t, x)=1-y00). ny b GTett + 0)=1- yO) Take h= 0.1. @ a u=8+2y atx=4 7 u=x? aty=4. With h = 1 = K, use two iterations of Gauss-Seidel method to find the values at internal mesh points. @) au _ au Consider h=FP , O 0. Solve it upto two time levels by using Crank-Nicolson Scheme for h = 0.2 and K=0.02 Contd... [6+6] [6+6]@ () @ ) © @ ) @ 2643 26 Solve numerically the wave equation ou _ du . ov ox? with boundary conditions (0, t)=u(1, )=0,t> 0 and initial conditions 1 D=x-x, Se, 0)= 0,051 forh= | and K =0.025, upto two time levels. Define Rayleigh quotient and hence obtain the estimates of the lowest and the [6*6] largest cigen values of the matrix. > -1 6 2 - o -1 3 Find the Fourier transform of Ext fh ax’ , |z|s1 fee, ixi>1 Find finite Fourier sine and cosine transform of fo) =x? . O) Determine whether (A + 21) u=b is consistent ot inconsistent for 2 2 6 A=|2 -1 -3/, b=(Q1-1). -2 -101 ACSTR sustains the series reaction (isothermal) A 4B 4 ‘The dynamic equations governing the system are Ht y-e)-KC, d 1 ee Cu -Cy)-K,Cy sou dt (Co-Ce)-K.C,. ‘The feed to the reactor is pure A at a concentration of 1 g mol/ce. The initial concentrations of A, B, C are 1, 0, 1 g mol/cc, and the residence time is 4s. Determine the evolution of concentrations of A, B, C is the CSTR to the steady state, 2643 [6+6] (12)Petgechemital ni 2012-13 M.Tech. (| SEMESTER) EXAMINATION (CHEL/PEERO-SHEMICAL ENGINEERING) (ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING) ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY (CE 622/ PK- 620) ‘Maximum Marks : 60 Duration : Three Hours “Students governed by the old ordinances will be examined out of 75 marks: and their obtained marks shall be proportionately raised”. Note: ()) Attempt all questions Gil) Assume missing data suitably (ii) ‘The notations have their usual meaning, 1(@) _ Briefly explain the significance of chemistry in environmental engineering, 2 (b) Using half reactions, write complete balanced oxidation reduction equations for, the following: o (@) Oxidation of $,0;* to SO/* and reduction of Ch to Cl Gi) Oxidation of CHyCOO to CO, and reduction of SO,” to HaS (©) Briefly explain the significance of concentration diagrams in environmental engineering. ® (@) Define activity of an ion and its effect on equilibrium Write the formula used for determining ‘the ionic strength and activity. (4). OR 1° (@) Briefly explain the procedure adopted for the determination of hydroxide, bicarbonate and carbonate forms of alkalinity. ©) (b) Write down proton balance for the following solutions G) 0.1 M NaHCO; 0.1 MH,COs 0.1 m HsPO, (©) With the help of concentration diagrams and proton balance find the pH of 0.01 M solution of sodium carbonate. (4) 2.(a) ‘Derive equation required for the construction of logarithmic concentration diagram for 0.1M. (CH;COOH solution. QM () With the help of equations determine the pH of 0.05 M CH;COOH solution. (6) OR 2 (a) Desoribe in detail the procedure adopted for the determination of sulphates ions. (8) (b) Derive the expression for the determination of buffer index. ® 3.(a) Calculate the pH of a buffer solution prepared by adding 8.5 ¢ of KH:PO, and 43.5 g of KHPO, under the following conditions: © @ Initially (i) after adding 0.001 m of HCL (ii). after adding 0.001 m of NaOH (b) _Breifly explain the different types of pesticides found in the environment. © 4.(a) Briefly explain why solubility concepts are important in the removal of pollutants @ contd... 2(e) 5@) ) © <2- 2514 From a logarithmic concentration diagram, estimate the minimum pH to which a water or Wastewater need to be raised to effect the precipitation as metallic hydroxide of all but 10 mol/l of Ca* (0) Take K,, of Cd(OH); as 2 x 10 at 25°C and the values of formation constants as Log Ki=6.08 , Log K,=2.62, Log Ks= 0.32 and Log Ky= 0.04, Describe briefly the significance of water stabilization. @ Draw the structures of different phenolic compounds found in industrial wastewaters and briefly write about their biodegradability. @ Write down the various equations involved in lime soda process of water softening, Briefly ‘explain why excess lime is added. Also discuss the significance of recarbonation, @a eeee——e ee | 2630 2012-13 M. TECH. (I-SEMESTER) EXAMINATION ‘€HEMICAL/PETRO-CHEMICAL ENGINEERIN' PROCESS MODELING & SIMULATION - I (CH-615/PK-616) m Marks: 60 Duration: Three Hours Students governed by the old ordinances will be examined out of 75 marks and their obtained marks shall be proportionately raised. Use of transport equations is allowed. Attempt all the questions. 1) What are the different contexts in which the term “model” is used? Explain all of them in detail and also cite trelevant examples. (08) 1(b) Describe in detail the different types of mathematical models that are commonly used in Chemical Engineering along with their pertinent examples. 7) OR 1(b) Discuss the transport phenomena models which are classified on the basis of their detail level and the domain of application. Also, mention their respective examples. 07) 2. solid slab occupying the space between y = -b and y = +b is initially at temperature To, At time ¢ = 0,the surfaces at y = + 6 are suddenly raised to temperature T; and maintained there, Develop the mathematical model describing the transient temperature profile existing in the slab assuming that the thermal conductivity of the slab is constant. Also,obtain the solution (temperature profile) of the obtained model equation. (as) 3. Derive the model equations of a multi-component conventional staged distillation column operating under steady state. Alsg, describe the simulation strategy which is normally adopted in solving the derived model equations. (is) OR 3°. Obtain the mode! equation along with the corresponding boundary conditions for the steady state absorption of a gaseous component A into a laminar film of liquid B falling over a vertical plate. Also solve the developed model equation assuming that the contact time between gaseous component A and liquid B is short. (15) 4. Develop the mathematical models for any two of the following systems. Also mention the relevant assumptions and associated conditions. (Packed bed adsorber (ii) Triple effect evaporator operating under steady state and with forward feed arrangement (boiling point rise may be neglected) (ii) Double pipe heat exchanger operating under steady state (the hot fluid is flowing in the inner pipe and flowing in counter-current direction to that of the cold fluid). (15)Maximum Marks : 60 “Students governed by the old ordinances will be examined out of 75 2012-2013 M.TECH. AUTUMN (I SEMESTER) EXAMINATION (PETROLEUM PROCESSING & PETRO-CHEMICAL ENGINEERING) FLUID FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER (PK-601) shall be proportionately raised.” Note: All questions carry equal marks. L ‘Answer any FOUR questions. (@ Derive the modified Navier-Stokes equations in rectangular co-ordinate system and use themfor calculating average velocity for a fluid flowing with a stream velocity Us, in one direction, between ‘wo large parallel plates separated by a distance ‘b’. The fluid is in steady state and the plates are stagnant. y S49 uu Se bh x pame-gped saan @ > K divectton (6) Explain the term total derivative and substantial derivative, (@) A large plate of thickness ‘L’ has a uniform temperature distribution “27s” initially. The temperature at both surfaces is suddenly changed to “T.” and held ‘constant thereafter. Derive a relationship for the temperature as a function of time, distance and thermal properties. Neglect edge effects. (b) Define sub cooled and saturated boiling. Derive the steady state one dimensional energy equation for a variable cross sectional fin, State the assumptions clearly. Employ the equation developed for calculating the temperature distribution and the effectiveness for a triangular fin. (2) A mixture of gas and liquid flows through a pipe of internal diameter of 0.01m at a steady state flow rate of 1.0 kg/s. The dynamic viscosities of gas and liquid are 1.210 and 2.0x10~+ Ns/m? respectively. The mt. fraction of the gas is 0.15, Calculate the pressure gradient in the pipe using Lockhart-Martinelli method. Given 1000 ep = 1.0 Ns/m? ‘The two-phase correction factor, # can be calculated by the Chisholm equation 51. Cc, 1 714 La ts cox oe where X is the Lockhart Martinelli parameter and can be calculated from the table as given below: Contd. Duration : Three Hours ‘marks and their obtained marks 113] [02] 13] [02] 05] [09]e) @ ® @) b) © ©) Gas c Turbulent | 20 Turbulent 12 Laminar | 10 Laminar | 05 Show by a schematic diagram(s) the various flow pattems formed for a gas-liquid mixture flowing through a horizontal pipe if the gas flow rate is increased slowly. Ina refinery, exhaust steam at low pressure is available in abundance. The exhaust steam is of limited use/or of low process value as its saturation is low. However it thas been found from various estimates that the cost of the exhaust steam is i and ; of the live process steam. In view of this it has been decided to use this steam by employing two heat exchanges in series to preheat the feed water to an intermediate temperature, Derive an equation to calculate the intermediate temperature so that exhaust steam is utilized optimally. Draw the sankey’s energy diagram for a commercial plant and explain its importance with reference to energy conservation. Explain when a heat exchanger is called as compact heat exchanger. List the various types of compact heat exchangers and describe the working principle of a Fluidized heat exchanger with a schematic diagram. List the factors responsible for determining the forward and backward feed arrangement in evaporator system. Draw a schematic diagram for a mixed feed arrangement for the same. Derive an equation for the calculation of heat recovery for a counter current heat exchanger. OR Explain the various modes of heat transfer to boiling liquid with the help of boiling curves. Why the process heat transfer equipments are not designed in the film boiling temperature range. (06) oy [04] (06) [03] [06]2639 2012-2013 M.TECH. AUTUMN (| SEMESTER) EXAMINATION (PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING) Maximum Marks: 60 PETROLEUM PROCESSING (PK-602) Duration: Three Hours |“ “Students governed by the old ordinance will be examined ‘out of 75 marks. Their ‘ebtzined marks shall be proportionately raised”. Answer any TWO questions from Section A and ALL questions from. Section B (b) (c) (b) ) ) o) SECTIONA Describe the theories of origin of petroleum. Mention various physical properties of oil bearing rocks that are important for oil generation and production. Discuss any one of them in detail Discuss kerogen, types of kerogen and kerogen maturation. Discuss the factors that influence the occurrence of petroleum. Explain the process of petroleum migration and accumulation. Explain the significance of Source, Reservoir and Cap rocks. What do you understand by petroleum traps? Mention the different types of traps. Briefly describe the petroleum traps A, B and C in Figure-1 ‘be Discuss, in sisi, the atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oil, along with important tests of the products obtained from them. SECTION B Dierentiate between gravity and seismic methods of oil exploration, and ziso name some non- explosive & environmental friendly techniques of seismic surveys. Name different types of drill fluids and describe their functions. Why crew members put additives in drill fluids? OR What do you mean by ‘Kick’ and ‘Trip’? Name and discuss some basic BOP equipments. cant 05 04 06 05 05 10 342 5H 145 a(ce) (@) (b) (c) (ec) Differentiate between any two of the following: () Jack up Rigs & Semi Submersible Rigs (i) Core Bit & PDC Bit (ii) Drill Collar & Crossover Subs Name various steps involved in completion of well. Discuss casing & perforation in detail Differentiate between Primary, Secondary and tertiary oil recovery. Describe the microbial & thermal methods of enhanced oil recovery. Discuss thermodynamics considerations of various reactions involved in catalytic Reforming process? Describe any one type of catalytic reforming process with the help of suitable process flow sheet. oR Discuss the effect of various reaction parameters on reforming process and also describe the role and development of catalytic reforming catalyst on Reforming process. Figuire — 4: Petroleum Traps 242 144 484 243Maximum Marks : 60) Qu. qv. ronaet2 = 2013 M-TECH 1 SEMESTER) EXAMINATION (PETROL-EUM PROCESSING & PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING) DISTILLATION AND EXTRACTION (PK - 603) Duration : Three Hours “Students governed by the old ordinance will be examined out of 75 marks. Their obtained marks shall be proportionately raised”. Answer all questions - ‘The Liguid feed of 100 mol/h having composition in mol as (n- 20 butane (xa= 0.40), nepentane (xp = 0.25), n-hexane (xe = 0.20), n= heptane (xp = 0.15) is fed to a distillation tower at 405.3 kPa and is to be fractionated so that 95% of the n-pentane (B) is recovered in the distillate and 95% of the n- hexane (C) in bottoms. Caleulate the following: Moles per hour and composition of distillate and bottoms. Dew point and Bubble point Minimum stages for total reflux Distribution of other components in distillates and bottoms Minimum Reflux Ratio using the Underwood method, 1 yan OR ‘A feed of 30 mol% methanol ( A), 20% ethanol (B), 15% n- propanol (C), and 35% n-butanol (D) is distilled at 101.32 kPa abs pressure to give a distillate composition containing 95.0 mol % methanol and residue composition containing 5.0% methanol and the other components as calculated. The feed is below the boiling point so that q=1.1. The operating reflux ratio is.2.0. The Dew point and Bubble points are-65°C and 95°C respectively. Assume that Fults law applies and use vapour pressure data from ‘Table 1 Calculate the following. Composition and amounts of distillates and bottoms for a feed of 100 mol, number of stages at total reflux. Minimum reflux ratio, number of stages at R=! .0, and feed conta. - 2Q2a). ). Q3(a). (ay. ). Po tray location. For the distillation column shown in Figure 1, use Tridiagonal 14 Matrix procedure to compute xij for component C3 (1). Use composition independent K-values from the Table 2. Explain in brief about the following: (i) Residue Curve Maps (ii) Distillation Curves Maps 6 ii) Homogeneous Azeotropic Distillation ‘An aqueous feed solution of 1000 kg/h of acetic acid-water solution 15 containing 30.0 wt % acetic acid and is to be extracted in a countercurrent multistage process with pure isopropyl ether to reduce the acid concentration to 2.0 wt % acid in the final raffinate. Equilibrium data is given in Table 3. 1. Calculate the minimum solvent flow rate that can be used. 2. 1f 2500 ke/h of ether solvent is used, determine the number of theoretical stages required. OR Pure water is to be used to extract acetic acid from 400 kg/h of a feed solution containing 2Swt % acetic acid in isopropyl ether. Use equilibrium data from Table 3. (a) 1f 400 ke/h of water is used, calculate the percent recovery in ‘the water solution in a one-stage. (b) If multiple three-stage system is used and 133.3 kg fresh ‘water is used in each stage, calculate the overall percent recovery of the acid in the total outlet water. Mention various types of equipments used for Liquid-Liquid 5 Extraction. Explain any one commercial equipment with neat rane ‘Vapor pressure (mmHg) eee TG Methanol Ethanol | m-propanol | n-butanol 30 415 220.0 38.9 33.7 Cy 629) 3515 148.9) 392 6 761 ~ 438.0 1901 TI 70 929 342.0 240.6 99.6 5 i119 665.0 301.9 i313 80 1339 120 | 3760 165.0 8 1593 984.0 465.0 206.1 90 1884 1185.0 Sia | aes 100 2598 1706.0 343.0 | 3876 contd2640 Table 2 { = Ki 4 1 oH 3 4 5 123 163 217 2.70 333 0.33 0.50 0.71 0.95 1.25 0.103 0.166 0.255 036 0.49 [0.019 0.054 0.078 0.099 0.100 Table3 Water Layer (wt%) Isopropyl Ether Layer (wt%) ‘Acetic Acid Water Tsopropyl _ Acetic Acid Water Isopropyl Ether Ether 0 988 12 0 06 99.4 0.69 98.1 12 0.18 Os 99.3 141 97.1 1s 0.37 0.7 98.9 2.89 95.5 16 0.79 08 98.4 6.42 91.7 19 1.93 10 OTA 13.30 844 23 482 19 933 25.50 nA 34 11.40 39 84.7 36.70 58.9 44 21.60 6.9 7.5 44.30 45.1 10.6 31.10 10.8 58.1 46.40 371 16.5 36.20 15.1 48.7 Contd 4Fy = 1000bmol/h Saturated liquid at 100 psia Component —z, , (1) 0.30 nC, (2) 0.30 ns (3) 0.20 Ge (Hi) 0:20 1-00 A> Total condenser -——AAA——> 0, 1 uy % ee Stage LU = 2.0 2 (saturated liquid) ¥, 4 a1 7y Stage All stages at 100 psia Partial reboiler }<——~\\A——- 5 Lg = 50dbmol/h 2640.2640 109 —— 50h | - L ee oh cae ee) al 0.10) “ F r gostttttModrti tthe] | 25 50 1s 100 125 180 ws 200 TCC) Figure 2, Equilibrium K values for light hydrocarbon systems at 405.3 kPa absolute.014) 2013-14 M.TECH. (AUTUMN SEMESTER) EXAMINATION (CIVILIPETRO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING) (ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING) ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY (CE 622 / PK- 620) Maximum Marks: 60 Credits: 04 Duration: Three Hours “Answer all the questions. “Assume suitable data if missing. Notations used have their usual meaning. QNo. Question MM. (a) _ Using half reactions balance the following oxidation reduction reactions (04) @ Oxidation of ammonium to nitrate and reduction of oxygen to water Gi) Oxidation of acetate to carbon dioxide and reduction of sulphate to hydrogen sulphide 1(b) Find the pH of a 0.05M acetic aeid solution What would be the pH of the solution [08] 510 mL of 0.01M NaOH solution is added to 500 ml. of 0.05M acetic acid solution OR 1° (a) _Brielfy explain the significance of alkalinity in weter treatment processes. Calculate [06] the hydroxide, carbonate and bicarbonate alkalinity using the following experimental results Initial pH of sample = 11.2, volume of sample taken for titration = 100mL . mm of 0.02 N HzSO, used to reach phenolphthalein end point = 82 ml of 0.02. N HySO¢ used to reach methyl orange end point = 84 1°(b) Briefly explain the different units used for expressing the strength of a solution 04] 1°(@) Define proton balance. Ilustrate your definition with a suitable example. (02) 2 (@) Draw the logarithmic concentration diagrams for the following solutions on a graph . [04] ' paper. (0.01 MHCO? solution (ii) 0.02 M H;PO, solution Contd...----2—eKJ_rvTC 20) 20) 2’ (a) 2b) 3(a) 3%) 3(c) 3@ (NazC,0,). Take pK, = 1.25 and pK, = aor -2- With the help of concentration diagrams determine the pH of 0.01 M NaxCO3 [oy solution and 0.02 M HPO, solution Calculate the activitiy of each ion in a solution containing 0.02 M NaCl and0.01M [04] of MgSO, oR Describe in detail the procedure adopted for the determination of fluoride ion in [06 water Briefly describe common ion effect. Calculate the solubility of fluoride ion in a [08 saturated solution of sodium fluoride if the sample has already 75 mg/L of Ca‘ Define buffers and briefly explain their significance (03 A buffer is made.by combining monosodium oxalate (NaC;O4H) and disodium (0% oxalate (NazC20,) to give concentrations of 0.02 M (NaC04H) and 0.03 28 () What is the initial pH of the buffer ? (ii) What is its buffer index ? Gi) What is the pH of the buffer afier addition of 0.001 M of HCI ? Birefly explain the criteria of selection of weak acid system forthe preparation [02] of buffer solution. Briefly explain the significance of buffer index (02 Using logarithmic concentration diagrams determine the optimum pH and 2y minimum soluble concentration of Cadmium in a wastewater solution treated with lime. Take the value Ky for Cd(OH)2 = 2 x 10" and the values of formation constants for cadmium hydroxide complexes as follows: Log Ki = 6.08, Log Kz = 2.62, Log Ks =-0.32 and Log Ky= 0.08 Discuss any three of the following 02 @ Different types of surfactants and their significance in environmental engineering (i) Different pesticides used in agricultural practices in India. ii) Chlorophenols and their structures (iv) Pollutants found in Petroleum Refinery Wastewateri) B) B) 2) PR) 2) 2) (PAPER CODE:1112) 2013-14 M.TECH. (AUTUMN SEMESTER) EXAMINATION CHEMICAL / PETRO-CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROCESS MODELLING & SIMULATION-I CH-615/PK-616 Maximum Marks: 60 Credits: 04 Duration: Three Hours Answer all the questions. Assume suitable data if missing. Notations used have their usual meaning. Use of transport phenomena equations is allowed. QNo. i i Question MM. Consider a series of m CSTRs in which an imeversible liquid phase reaction: A—>B [15] (Gra = KC£), is taking place. Flow control valves are installed on the outlet of each reactor and follow the relationship Fi ~=/(V)), where Fis the volumetric flow rate from # reactor and Vj is the holdup in # reactor. The process is isothermal, however, the holdup in each CSTR is varying depending on the net flow in the reactor. Develop the dynamic model of this system and specify the assumptions used. OR Consider a single component vaporizer sketched in Fig. 1. The liquid is fed at a [15] volumetric flow rate Fg into a pressurized tank to hold the liquid level in the tank. Heat is added at a rate @ to hold the desired pressure in the tank by vaporizing the liquid at a rate Wp (mass per time). Heat losses and the mass of the tank walls are assumed negligible. Gas is drawn off the top of the tank at a volumetric flow rate F;. Develop the dynamic model of this vaporizer. Assume that the vapour phase behaves as an ideal ges and its dynamics can be neglected. The relationships between inlet flow and holdup, and the heat input and presstire are respectively given by: Q=fi) and Fo=f2 (Vi). Contd.A radial flow reactor with its inner walls coated with a catalytic agent is shown in Fig. 2. An isothermal gaseous phase first order catalytic reaction (A —> B) is taking place on the inner surface of the walls. The volumetric flow rate and the reactant concentration of the feed are vo and Cho, respectively. The flow between the plates is laminar, and the steady state and isothermal conditions are prevailing. Develop the model equation for this reactor along with relevant conditions. It should be noted that the velocity will not be constant along radial direction. The density of the fluid mixture may be assumed to be constant throughout the system. . oe Vo.C, <3 Siri { » Figure 2: Radial flow reactor 015]a 3a). 3(b). Develop the maximum gradient model of a packed bed adsorber by assuming that the process of adsorption is fast and that the local equilibrium exists near the solid particles; the equilibrium relation follows a linear relationship between the solid phase composition and solute composition. Also specify the relevant ICs and BCs. ‘A Newtonian fluid of constant density and viscosity is contained in a very long horizontal square duct of cross sectional area a” and length Z. Initially the fluid is at rest and at time f=0, a pressure gradient (Po-P7)/L is impressed on the system. Develop the model equation describing the transient velocity profile of flowing fluid. Also state the relevant assumptions and associated conditions used. OR Consider the steady flow of a Newtonian fluid over a sharp edged and very thin plate as shown in Fig, 3. The velocity and temperature of the fluid away from the boundary layer are denoted by Us and Tu, respectively. The fluid properties are assumed to be constant and the viscous dissipation can be neglected. Develop the transport phenomena based microscopic model for the flow in boundary layer. Also carry out the scaling of resultant equations and order of magnitude anslysis to extract the maximum information without solving the equations. Figure 3: Boundary layer flow over a sharp edged thin plate (PAPER CODE: 1112) [05] (0) 05]ae (PAPER CODE: 1142) 4. Develop the mathematical models for any two of the following systems. Also state the relevant assumptions and allied conditions. @ Start-up operation of a double pipe heat exchanger with a counter current flow arrangement (hot fluid is flowing in the inner pipe and the cold fluid is flowing the outer pipe). Gi) Unsteady state axial dispersion model of a tubular chemical reactor running under isothermal conditions, iii) Dissolution of a spherical pill inside stomach. , poe eereeee ee eS)2013-14 M.TECH. (AUTUMN SEMESTER) EXAMINATION PETROLEUM PROCESSING & PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING (22) PETROLEUM PROCESSING i PK 602 | Maximum Marks: 60 Credits: 04 Duration: Three Hours er all the questions. suitable data if missing. ‘questions, and parts thereof, be started on a fresh page of the answer book(s). QNo. Question MM. Ma) Differentiate any two of the following. [343] @ © Core Bit & PDC Bit Drill Collar & Crossover Subs i) Aerated Mud and oil based Mud 4b) What do you mean by ‘Trip’ & ‘Trip tanks’? Which is the first line of action against [6] Kick? Name and discuss some basic BOP equipments. OR 4b’) Name different drill string components .Explain clearly the function of each. 16] (©) Explain briefly the method of conducting seismic surveys for finding petroleum [3] reservoirs. 2(2) Name various steps involved in completion of well. Discuss cementing & [7] perforation in detail. oR : 2(2') Differentiate between Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Oil recovery methods. [7] Deseribe the chemical& thermal methods of enhanced oil recovery 2b) Discuss the thermodynamics & kinetic considerations of various reactions involved [8] in catalytic reforming process . Describe any one type of catalytic reforming process with the help of suitable process flow sheet. a) Discuss the factors that influence the occurrence of petroleum. (61 4b) _ Explain the process of petroleum migration and accumulation. (4) e) Explain the significance of Source, Reservoir and Cap rocks. (5) OR : Me’) Define kerogen. Discuss, in brief, types of kerogen and stages of kerogen [5] maturation. Contd.4@) 4(b) 40) (1122) Describe the theories of origin of petroleum. [5] Discuss porosity and permeability as important physical properties of oil bearing [10] rocks that are important for oil generation and production. oR [10] Discuss, in detail, the process of atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oil.(23) 2013-14 M. TECH. (AUTUMN SEMESTER) EXAMINATION PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICAL ENGG., DISTILLATION AND EXTRACTION PK-603 Maximum Marks: 60 Credits: 04 Duration: Three Hours Answer all the questions, Assume suitable data if missing. Notations used have their usual meaning. Ql(@). The Liquid feed of 100 mot/h having composition in mole fraction [05] as (n-butane (%4= 0.40), n-pentane (x3 0.25), n-hexane (xc~ 0.20), . | n-heptane (xp = 0.15) is fed to a distillation tower at 405.3 kPa and is to be fractionated so that 95% of the n-pentane (B) is recovered in the distillate and 92% of the n- hexane (C) in bottoms. Calculate the following: 1. Moles per hour and composition of distillate and bottoms, 2, Dew point and Bubble point. Q1@), Following is the composition of feed to the distillation tower: (n- [06] butane (xa= 0.40), n-pentane (xp = 0.25), n-hexane (xe = 0.20), n= heptane (Xp = 0.15). At a pressure of 405.3 kPa. Calculate the temperature and composition of both the phases when 40 % of the feed is vaporized in a flash distillation, QU(6) A liquid feed at its bubble point is to be distilled in a tray tower to (15) produce the distillate and bottoms as follows: Feed, xar™ 0.047, xap = 0.072, xer = 0.881; distillate, xp = 0.1260, xap = 0.1913, xep = 0.6827; bottoms, xaw = 0, xaw values to use are a4 = 4.19, ap .001, xew = 0.999. Average a 1.38, ac = 1.00. 1. For a feed rate of 100moVh, calculate D and W, number of Contd.......2(23) stages at total reflux, and distribution of A in the bottoms. 2. Calculate Rand the number of stages at 1.25 Rn, 3, Feed tray location OR Qi(¢?). For the distillation column shown in Figure 1, use Tridiagonal [15] Matrix procedure to compute xy for component C3 (1). Use ‘composition independent K-values from the Table 1. Saturated ligula "#108 peta ‘Component Bs albeee t= 50 mot Figure 1 Table 1 Ki Stage f z 3 er ee Ga | 133 163 | 2.17 | 2.70 | 333 aCQ | 033 050 | O71 | 095 | 125 nO) | 0.103 | 0.166 | 0255 | 036 | 0.49 Qua. Explain in brief about Homogeneous Azeotropic Distillation.@e). @e),. An aqueous feed solution of 1000 kg/h containing 23.5 wt% acetone 22d 76.5 w1% water is being extracted in a countercurrent multistage cutraction system using pure methyl isobutyl ketone solvent at 298- 299 K. The outlet water raffinate will contain 2.5wt% acetone. Equilibrium data is given in Table 2. 1. Calculate the minimum solvent that can be used, 2. Using a solvent flow rate of 1.5 times the minimum, calculate the number of theoretical stages. Table 2 ‘Composition Data (wt%) Acetone Distribution Data (we%) MIK” Acetone Wate Water Phase MIK r Phase 980 0 2.00 25 a5 93.2 46 233, 55 100 73 18.95 3.86 15 13.5 1.0 244 4.66 100 175 655 289 5.53 125 213 547 376 7.82 18.5 25.5 462 432 10.7 175 28.2 124 42.7 54.0 20.9 312 5.01 309 64.2 2.5 34.0 323 209° 758 25.0 365 212 373 94.2 26.0 375 220 0 718 ee OR A distillate containing 45 wt% isopropyl alcohol, 50 wt % Siisopropyl ether and 5 wt % water is obtained from the isopropyl sicohol finishing column head, It is desired to recover ether from ‘Sis stream by liquid-liquid countercurrent extraction with water as solvent which is entering at the top of the column so as to produce ‘= ether containing no more than 2.5 wt % alcohol and to obtain the ‘<“azacted alcohol at a concentration of atleast 20 wt %. The unit will sperie at 25 °C and 1 atm. Find how many stages are required. Is it Contd...... {1s} 4 (1123)20). - ~4e possible to obtain an extract aleohol composition of 25 wt %. The equilibrium data is given in Table 3. Table 3 [Ether Phase Water Phase Wi% [Wi% [Wi% |Wi%e |Wi% [Wi% Alcohol | Ether | Water | Alcohol | Ether | Water 24 (967 0 ai 1s (901 32 (957 [at 86 a 30 (936 14 102 | 135 883 93 ~*| 886 21 17 {16 867 [(t9 [oa 37 175/19 | 806 380 (502 ie 2n7_-423 760 2 (336 a2 [26s [34 [68 An inlet water solution of 800 Kg/h containing 12.0 wt % acetone is [10] extracted with the solvent tichloroethane containing 0.5 wt % acetone in a counter-current tray tower at 25 °C. The solvents water and trichloroetane are essentially immiscible in each other up to a concentration of acetone in water of 27 wt %. The exit concentration in the water (raffinate) stream is set at 1.0 wt % acetone. The equilibrium data is given in Table 4. 1. Determine the minimum solvent rate needed. 2. Using 1.3 times the minimum rate, determine the number of steps needed.(4123) Weight fraction of | Weight fraction of acetone in water acetone int ‘o0120 oaass Onee2 ons71 w0ess o.1081 oisI6 0.2000 26) ‘xplain Mixer-setiler type of extraction equipment with their merits [05] and demerits, Additional Data: ——— Teacy Equilibrium K values for light hydrocarbon systems at 405.3 kPa absolne Contd...26 1.00 90! 080! 0.70) + a0 = ja ao) aie Ratt 020b == Zoo === Extrapolated 030) ono 7 00.10 0.20 030 040 050 0.60 70 0.80 0.90 1.00 Nal. Erbar-Maddox correlation between reflux ratio and number of stages * (R, based on Underwood method.) [From J. H., Erbar, R. N. Maddox, Petrol. Refiner.40 (5), 183 (1961). With permission.] (4123)TTT oe, _ EEE | , (2677) | 2014-15 M.TECH. AUTUMN (| SEMESTER) EXAMINATION (PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING) ADVANCED MATHEMATICS AM-641 Maximum Marks: 60 Credits: 04 Duration: Three Hours Note: Answer FIVE questions by selecting at least TWO from each section. ‘Programmable calculators are not allowed. Write answers up to four decimals. SECTION-A 1(a) Use Euler's method to find x(0.5) and y(0.5)for [06] S=y- Baxte, withxQ=I- yO) and h-01. (b) Use Runge-Kutta method of order four to find v(1.1) and w(1.1) for e=%, with v(1) = 3, w(1) = 1Landh=0.1. [06] au [06] 22) Find an approximate solution of the Laplace equation £3 + 5 = 0 in the square , R=((xy)0 Qand-—o B “+ C .The dynamic equations ca governing the system are $4 = *-(Cyp — C4) — kx Ca se = as (Gor ~ Ce) — Kala hals 3 P= (Coy ~ Ce) — kale. Tree at Tres Disouss the evolution of the system to a steady state, given that the initial state of the system is (4,0,0)'. Take tres = 4 and Cain = 1 2OOODONORIOOK, 6616) [06] [04) [04] (04) {06] [03] [03] [03] [03] (06) 02}ist Se 2514 2014-2015 © M.TECH. (AUTUMN SEMESTER) EXAMINATION (€2RR PETRO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING) ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY (CE-622/PK-$620) ‘Maximum Marks :60 . Duration : Three Hours Answer all the questions. Assume suitable data if missing. Notations used have their usual meaning. Quo. Question MM. 1(a) Briefly explain the significance of haif reactions in envirorimental engineering and [04] balance the following half reactions (Oxidation of fodide to iodine and reduction of MinO2 to Mn™* (i) Oxidation of $,0;* to SO” and reduction of chlorine to chloride, 1(b) What are the different ways of expressing the strength of a solution? Briefly explain [04] each. (©) Describe in detail the applications of principles of chemistry in water and [04] wastewater treatment. Give different examples oR 2 1" (a) Describe in detail the procedure used for the determination of sulphates in water. [06) and wastewater 1°(b) _ Brielfy explain the significance of acid base equilibrium in environmental chemistry [02] ¥ (©) Draw logarithmic concentration diagrams for 0.2M HPO, and 0.1M Hs on é graph papers [04 2(a) Why chemical precipitation is important in water and wastewater treatment? 102} 2(b). Following gives the chemical analysis of a watet sample. Draw a met/L bar {03} diagram and list possible hardness causing species. Water is to be treated using excess lime treatment. Calculate the amount of lim¢ and soda required for a flow of 10 MLD of water assuming the purity of lime as 70% and that of soda as 80%. Also <éraw the bar diagram after lime soda treatment, Ca!" = 94 mg/L, Mg = 12 mp/L, Nat = 50.6 mg/L, CO2* 0.6 meq/L HCOs = 152.5 mg/L, 80,7 = 139.2 mg/L and Cl = 88.5 mg/L: 246) Define acti ity coefficient and activity of an ion in a solution. (02) 3(a) What are buffers and why they are important in environmental engineering? 02) Derive the equation of buffer index. [04] @onb.2_ee 30 7 (a) 4(b) Ao) Sta) 5b) 5() on A buffer was prepared using 8.5 g/L of KH,PO, and 43.5 g/L. of K:HPOs, Find the pH of the buffer under the following conditions: @ Initially ; Gi) After addition of 0.001M of an acid Gil) After addition of 0.001 M of a base OR at ‘Write the significance of buffer index. Explain the effect of molar cosicentration on the performance of a buffer solution, Illustrate with the help a suitable example Briefly explain the application of solubility concepts in water and wastewater treatment, ‘ Copper ion isto be removed from an electroplating wastewater by forming its hydroxides. Find the optimum pH and te mininfum possible soluble concentration of copper. Take the values of formation constants as follows: Log Ki = 6.0, Log K> = 7.18, Log K3 = 1.24 and Log Kg = 0.14 and Kyy=2 x 10°? ‘What are the common organic compounds present in domestic wastewater ? Deseribe the different inieropollutants present in domestic wastewater and explain their effects on human health Differentiate between the structures of different Phenolic compounds commonly. present‘in industrial wastewaters Draw the chemical structures of following: : (@ Cellulose (ii) Lignin (lt) Common Lipids (iv) Disaecharides - ~ 251 [06] [06) [02] {08} [02] [04] [04]2514 [06] (PAPER CODE: 2663) 2014-15 M.TECH. (AUTUMN SEMESTER) EXAMINATION (CHEMICAL / PETRO-CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROCESS MODELLING & SIMULATION-1 ‘ CH-615/PK-616 [06] Maximum Marks: 60 Credits: 04 Duration: Three Hours Answer all the questions, [02] Assume suitable data if missing. Notations used have their usual meaning. Use of transport phenomena equations is allowed. [08] QNo. Question MM. 1(@) Explain the term “Model” as used in different contexts. Also discuss the transport [07] 0) phenomena models classified on the basis of their level of detait and domain of [04] application. 1(0) A fluid of constant density p is being discharged into a conical shaped tank of total [08] - [04] volume 1/3nHR? at a constant flow rate Fy (see Fig. 1). The exit flow rate from the bottom of the tank is proportional to the square root of the height h of liquid in the tank. Derive the model equation describing the variation éf liquid level h. Also 4 specify the associated IC/BC. a a L ae FeRE Figure 1: Flow through a conical tank ORcoe T@) 1) ES (PAPER CODE: 2663) What is model building process and why is it necessary? Describe in detail the stepwise procedure followed in a typical model building process. Develop the maximum gradient model of a packed bed adsorber by assuming that the process of ‘adsorption is fast and ‘that the local equilibrium exists near the solid particles. Assume that the equilibrium relation between solid phase composition and solute composition follows a linear relationship. Also state the relevant ICs and BCs. Consider a single component vaporizer sketched in Fig. 2. The liquid feed is fed at a volumetric flow rate Fo into a pressurized tank to hold the liquid level in the tank. Heat is added at a rate Q to hold the desired pressure in the tank by vaporizing the liquid at a rate W, (mass per time). Mass of the tank walls and the heat loss from them are assumed to be negligible. Gas is drawn off from the top of the tank at a “Volumetric flow rate F;. Develop the dynamic model of this vaporizer. Assume that the vapour phase beheves as an ideal gas and its dynamics can be neglected. The relationships between inlet flow and holdup, and the heat input and pressure aré respectively given by: Q =fi(P) and Fo = fz (Vi), respectively. : E. Figure 2: Single component vaporizer OR Contd... 3, [07] (08) (15)r os) is] ss 7 == (PAPER CODE: 2663) Is many heterogeneous chemical reactions, the gas-phase reactant reacts with a [15] species contained in an inert solid matrix. One such reaction is encountered in the regeneration of fouled catalyst particles, e.g. oxygen reacts with carbon present in catalyst particles (assumed to be spherical) that have been deactivated by fouling. Carbon is first removed from the outer edge of the pellet and then in the final stages of the regeneration from the center core of the pellet. Using quasi steady state assumption, find the expression for time that is required to consume all of the carbon present in the fouled spherical catalyst pellet. As a result of its instability when heated milk gets deposited on the surface of heat [15] exchanger and thus starts fouling them. The reaction cum mass transfer scheme used in the modelling of a typical milk fouling process is depicted in the following figure (Fig. 3) and is described as follows: 1. N, Dand.A denote the native milk protein (beta-lactoglobulin), the denatured protein and the agaregated protein in bulk fluid, respectively. Likewise Vt, D* and A* denote these Proteins in thermal boundary layer. Thickness of thermal boundary layer is symbolized by dr. 2. Alll the three proteins react in both the bulk and the thermal boundary layer with N converting into D in a 1* order reaction which in turn reacts to give A in a 2" order reaction. The same rate laws are observed in thermal boundary layer. 3. Mass transfer between the bulk and the thermal boundary layer takes place for each protein and only A gets deposited on the wall Bulk Fluid Figure 3: Protein reaetion-mass transfer scheme for milk fouling Contd. 4, isPetey é (PAPER CODE: 2663) Based on this scheme develop a mathematical model for finding the concentration profiles of each protein in both the regions (bulk fluid and thermal boundary layer) when the milk is being heated in the inner tube of a double pipe heat exchanger. “Assume that the following conditions are prevailing: 1. Physical and transport properties of the milk are constants. 2, Diffusive transport for both the mass & energy are negligible in axial direction ‘and radial variation in concentrations and temperature exists only in bulk fluid. 43, Saturated steam is flowing in the outer tube. 4, Expressions for the bulk velocity and the thermal boundary layer thickness are known. Develop the mathematical models for any two of the following systems. Also state ~ghe relevant assumptions: i () Steady state distributed parameter model of a laminar falling film absorber operating under isothermal conditions. Gi) Unsteady state axial dispersion model of a tubular chemical reastor running isothermally. ii) Lumped parameter model for the transient convective-radiative cooling of a metal ball bearing in ambient atmosphere. us]ee (2672) 2014-2015 M.TECH. AUTUMN (I SEMESTER) EXAMINATION PETROLEUM PROCESSING & PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING FLUID FLOW & HEAT TRANSFER (PK -601) Maximum Marks: 60 Duration: Three Hours ote: All questions carry equal marks. “Answer any four questions. A straight triangular fin is constructed of alloy [k= 141 k cal/(m) (*k)] with a thickness at the base of 2.4 mm and length of 19mm. It is subjected to a convection environment with h=73 keal/(m")(hr)(°k). If the base temperature is 90°C and the environment is at 25°C, calculate the heat transfer unit width of fin and the effectiveness. Derive the equation (3) used starting with an energy balance. Neglect temperature distribution at the root. Given value of Bend functions of first kind orders zero ahd one as below: 15 (0.6) 1.092 10.6) 0314 [10 8) 1,167 Os) | 0.433 ‘A large plate of thickness L, initially has a uniform temperature distribution “2 To”. The temperature at both surfaces is suddenly changed to “To” and held constant thereafter. Derive a relationship for the rate of heat flow out of the plate per unit area as a function of time and thermal properties. Neglect edge effects. Derive the modified Navier-stokes equations in rectangular co-ordinate system and use them for calculating average velocity for a fluid flowing with a stream velocity, us (in one direction) between two large parallel plates separated by a distance “b”, The fluid is in steady state and the upper plate is, moving with a stream velocity u, while the bottom plate is stationary. (@ A heated sphere of radius R is suspended in a large motion less body of fluid. It is desired to study the heat conduction in the fluid surrounding the sphere. Show that the temperature distribution, T, corresponding to any radius “Y”, in the sphere is (2, -To)(Tx- To) = RI and the heat transfer coefficient expressed as Nusselt Number, No, in dimension form is Ny = 2. Where Ta = Surface temperature and T. = Fluid temperature at infinite radius from the centre of the sphere. Steady state heat conduction equation through the sphere is (6) Explain the significance of optimum outlet water temperature to be employed in a process heat exchanger and frame an equation (do not obtain the final expression) to calculate the optimum outlet water temperature. Can outlet water temperature (as a cooling medium) be 50°C? Justify why. Contd... 15} 015) 15] {09} [06](a) ) © © e) (2672) 2. Air at atmosphere pressure and 25°C flows steads meters at a distance 2.0 m al air stream with the Given: @ Dynamic viscosity of air = 1.85 x 10° N/m? Gi) Gas constant, R = 82.06 (atm)(em*)/mol (ok) Gii) 1.0 Ns/m? = 1000 CP. Draw the Sankey’s diagram for a commercial plant and indicate the potential areas wherein energy conservation measures may be adopted required Define NPSH and the application of a co- current heat exchanger in a processing plant. Explain the various flow pattems observed for a gas and liquid mixture flowing co-currently ina horizontal pipe with the help of diagrams, ifthe gas flow rate is increased slowly. : OR Derive the Lockhart Martinelli's parameter when both phases are in turbulent region. List the various types of heat exchangers employed in the petroleum industries. When a heat exchanger is called as compact heat exchanger? Draw the temperature profile for a 1-4 heat exchanger. oR Derive the expression for Reynold numbers. ly over a horizontal flat plate with a stream velocity of 70 mvs. Calculate the boundary layer thickness in(08 [08 2014-15 M.TECH. (AUTUMN SEMESTER) EXAMINATION PETROLEUM PROCESSING & PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING PETROLEUM PROCESSING PK 602 Maximum Marks: 60 Credits: 04 Duration: Three Hours Answer all the questions. ‘Assume suitable data if missing. ‘All questions, and parts thereof, be started on a fresh page of the answer book(s). QNo. Question MM. (a) Differentiate between Magnetic and Seismic methods of oil exploration with their [04] limitations, 1(b) Differentiate between Kelly and Top dfrive systems? Desoribe the function of each [06] rill string components in detail. OR p 1(b') Classify and describe different types of drill bits. Discuss different functions [06] ~; performed by drill fluids. 1(¢) _ Differentiate any two of the following: [05] 2) Cable tool method and Rotary drilling method. b) Foam drilling and Aerated drilling. ©) Jack up Rig and Semisubmersible rig d) Kick and BOP 2(a) Name different steps of oil well completion. Describe cementing and perforations in” [07] detail. OR 2(q') List different methods of Enhanced oil recovery. Discuss in-situ combustion and [07] cyclic steam injection method in detail. 2(6) What are the objectives of Reforming in the present day scenario? Write down with [08] examples the different desirable and undesirable reactions involved with its ‘thermodynamic and kinetic considerations. Xa) Describe the theories of origin of petroleum. 5] SMB) Discuss the factors that influence the occurrence of petroleum. (61 Me) Explain the process of petroleum migration and accumulation. 4] Contd ...2,Aa) Explain the significance of Source, Reservoir and Cap rocks. OR Aa’) Define kerogen. Discuss, in brief types of kerogen and stages of kerogen maturation. 4(b) Desoribe the general properties of petroleum fractions, including those obtained [10] from vacuum distillation of crude oil. OR 4(b') Discuss the process of atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oil. (10)(2674) 2014-15 ‘M.TECH. (AUTUMN SEMESTER) EXAMINATION io) PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICAL ENGG. . DISTILLATION AND EXTRACTION PK-603 ib) Maximum Marks: 60 Credits: 04 ‘Duration: Three Hours Answer all the questions. ‘Assume suitable data if missing. ‘Notations used have their usual meaning. Qi. The following feed of 100 mol/hr at the boiling point and 405.3 kPa 15) | pressure is fed to a fractionating tower: n-butane (x4=0.40), n- pentane (xp-0.25), n-hexane (xc=0.20) and n-heptane (%p~0.15). “This feed is distilled co that 95% of the n-pentane is tecovered in the Gistillate and 95% of the n-hexane in the bottom. Top and bottom temperature of tower is 66°C and 134°C respectively. Calculate the } following using Ra = 0.50. 1. Mole per hour and composition of distillate and bottoms. 2, Minimum stages for total reflux and distribution of other , components in the distillates and botioms. } 3. Number of theoretical stages at an operating reflux ratio of ; | 1.3 times the minimum using Erbar-Maddox correlation. 4. Location of the feed tray using the Kirkbride method OR ie ¥ QU. A feed of 30 mol% methanol ( A),20% ethanol (B), 159% n-propanol (©), and 35% n-butanol (D) is distilled at son gaa bs pressure to give a distillate composition mol % nifthanol and residue composition containing 5.0% methanol and the other components as calculated. The feed is below the boiling point so that q=1.1. The operating reflux ratio is 3.0. Assume that Roults law applies and use vapour pressure data from Table 1. Calculate the following. (15) 1. Composition and amounts of distillates and bottoms for a feed of 100 mol/hr. 2. Top and bottom temperatures and number of stages at total reflux. 3. Minimum reflux ratio, tent Contd..2- eeeee ee) Table 1. Vapor pressure (mig) _ TC | Methanol | Ethanol | n-propanol | n-butanol 30 45 220.0 B89 337 60 OD 315 1489 392 6 167 B80 190.1 Tit ; 70 929 342.0 240.6 996 75 | 1119 665.0 301.9 Bis 80 | 1339 812.0 3760 165.0 a | _1593 984.0 465.0 206.1 90 | 1884 1185.0 ‘571.0 225.9 100 | 2598 1706.0 843.0 387.6 @ For the distillation column shown in Figure 1, use Tridiagonal Matrix [15] Procedure to compute xj for component nCy (2). Use composition independent K-values from the Table 2. -2ery Bee Table 2. Ki Stage 1 2 3 4, San - cy | 133 163 | 217 | 276,) 3.33 aC) | 0.33 050 | Oras | 1.25 Cs) | 0.103 | 0.166 | 025%] 036 | 0.49 Q3(a). A water solution of 1000kg/h containing 1.5 wt % nicotine in water is [5] stripped with a kesosene stream of 2000 kg/h containing 0.05 wi% nicotine in 2 only 10% of the original nicotine, that is 90% is removed. Use equilibrium data from Table 3. Table3 4 [& wifraction of nicotine in water | y, wé fraction of nicotine in solution Kerosene solution 0.001010 0.000806 a 00H TOOTS 0.00500 00454 I 0.00746 0.00682 | 0.00988 0.00904 | i 0.00202 0.0185 Q3(b). An aqueous feed solution of 1000 kg/h of acetic acid -water solution [10] contains 30 wi% acetic acid and is to be extractel in a countercurrent multistage process with pure isopropyl ether to rediice the acid concentration to 2.0 wt % acid in the final raffinate. Use Table 4 and determine number of stages required if 25000kg/h ether solvent is used. Table 4 Water Layer (wt%) Isopropyl Ether Layer i (wt%) ‘Acetic Water Isopropyl Acetic Water Isopropyl Acid Ether Acid Ether 0 988 12 0 06 994 069 98.1 12) 008 05 99.3 ‘i aa onl 1S 037° 07 1989 4 289 95.5 16 0.7908 98.4 642 O17 19 1.93 ¥ “pnt 1390 R23 48D 5 9332ery, \ 25.50 0 TLE 34° 1140 3.9 84.7 36.70 58.9 44 2160 69 ns 44.30 0 45.1 106 31.10 108 58.1 46.40 37.1 165 3620 15.1 48.7 Q4. Explain with the help of diagram any three of the following: oy a. Residue Curve maps b. Schiebel Type Extraction Column c. Perforate plate extraction Towets d. Pressure Swing Distillation ¢. Extractive Distillation £ f. Azeotropic Distillation ems at 405.3 kPa absolute Contd...5-| Exbar-Maddox correlation between réflux ratio and number of stages © (R,, based on Underwood method.) (From J. H. Erbar, R.N. Maddox, 1.00 090 0.80 ond 0.60} Rei g & 040 030} 020) 0.10) Li | oh [ 1 Nil, | Peirol. Refiner. 40 (3), 183 (1981). With permission] 010 0.20 0.30 040 050 0.60 0.70 080 0.90 1.00 (2674)(2679) 2015-2016 M.TECH. AUTUMN (I SEMESTER) EXAMINATION (PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING) ADVANCED MATHEMATICS MATHEMATICS [AM 641] ‘Max Marks: 60 Duration: Three Hours Note: Answer five questions, selecting at least two from each section. Programmable calculators are not allowed. SECTION ~‘A’ 1. (a) _—_Let L be the set of all vectors of the form (x, 2x, -3x, x) in the vector space Vs. Show that L is a subspace of Vs. (b) Let T: V; > V,be a linear transformation defined by T(x, x2)=(X+%2, 2x1%2, 7X2). [6+6] Determine the matrix T relative to the standard bases B, = {¢1, e2} and Ba = {fi, f2,f}- 2. (@) Use power method to find the largest eigen value in modulus and corresponding eigen vector of the matrix -15 4 3 A=|10 -12 6 20-4 2 (b) Show that the eigen values of a real symmetric matrix are real. [6+6] 3. (@)__ Prove that the eigen vector u' of a real matrix A corresponding to the eigen values 2, is orthogonal to the complexconjugate of every eigen vector v of AT corresponding to an. eigen value 2; distinct from 4. (b) State Fredholm alternative solvability conditions. Let [6+6] 2 t. =%. A 1-3 2 |,determine -3 2 1 (whether Au=(2, 4, 7)" hasa solution (ii) for what value ofa, does Au = (2, a, 8)" posses a soluti SECTION -‘B’ 4, (a) Convert the following second order initial value problem into the system of first order initial value problem — ty"-y+4ry=0, yQ=1, y¥ ()=2. (b) Solve the initial value problem (+7) SY au, (0)=[1, 0), where dt A 1 and u -{" Is the system asymptotically stable? 20 Lu(2679) (@) Solve the system of equations 3u+2v, u(t v1 with h=02, L.1.sts1.3 by © solve a = 28, subject ‘0 the initial condition u=sin x x at t=0 for0 0. Taking h = 0.2, 4=1 and Compute the values of u atthe intemal mesh points upto two time steps a) au a ® salve the boundary value problem o ea Subject to the condition | x 1@,)=u4,)=0. ti 2 (0)= 0, u(x, 0) = 4x —x? upto two time levels, Taking h= a (©) Solve the Laplace's equation over the boundary of a square of unit length with (646), ¥(Gy)=16x7y" on the boundary, Taking h = ke}. Do any two parts: (@) State and prove the change of scale property of Fourier transform. (6) Find the Fourier transform of f(x) defined as fh-{* Ix]a and hence evaluate o j snes SOS% as Gi) fas a a (©) Find the Fourier cosine transform of f(x) [6+6] women(2665) 2015-16 M.TECH.(AUTUMN SEMESTER)EXAMINATION CHEMICAL/PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROCESS MODELLING & SIMULATION-1 (CH-615/PK-616 Maximum Marks: 60 Credits: 04 Duration: Three Hours Answer all the questions. Assume suitable data if missing. Notations used have their usual meaning. Use of transport phenomena equations is allowed. QNo. Question 1(a) Explain the application of process modelling in chemical processing. OR 1°(a)__ Write about the use of algebraic equations, ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations in process modelling. 1(b) Explain and differentiate between the models: @ Linear model and nonlinear mode! () Static model and dynamic model (HD) Lumped parameter model and distributed parameter model 2 Consider that benzoic acid (BA) is continuously extracted from toluene using water as a solvent. The two streams are fed into tank A (mixer) where they are stirred vigorously and mixture then pumped into tank B (settler) where it is allowed to settle into two layers (extract and raffinate).The upper toluene layer (raffinate) and lower the water layer (extract) are removed separately. @ Develop a model and obtain an expression for the extraction of BA in a steady state operation with two stages. Each stage still consists of two tanks , a mixer and a settler with counter- current flow through the stages. Find out what fraction of BA has passed into the solvent phase. (1) Compute the fraction of solute (BA) that can be extracted in a two stage counter- current solvent extraction using numerical values of S=14R, m=1/9 and c=0.15 kg/m’.Also find out fraction (B) of BA extracted. Contd. MM. {9 (6 1 (15)(2665) Where R (m'/s) toluene; ¢ (kg/m) BA; $ (m/s) water, m is distribution Coefiicient, a is the ratio of rates of feed to the solvent, Eis the fr raction extracted, R, x, Re Rx ee Stage 1 —— Sy S. yo S,0 A closed kettle as shown in the figure below having total surface area A m? ig heated 3@) through this Surface by condensing steam at ‘emperature T (K), The kettle ig charged p7y with M kg of liquid of heat Capacity Cy (Kg at a temperatise of To (K). If the process is controlled by heat transfer coefficient h (Wink), how doe: liquid vary with time?3b) (2665) z gasphase Wetted wall column OR Derive the equation to obtain following form of the VLE (vapour liquid equilibrium) [8] relationship for multi component mixture used in the design of distillation column. a, relative volatility xemole fraction of component i in liquid phase ‘ye mole fraction of component i in vapour phase ‘N-number of components present in the mixture f= reference component Consider a continuous stirred tank bioreactor (CSTB) the substrate (S) promotes the g growth of biomass (x). A biochemical first order reaction takes place A—>P (where A is reactant and P is the product and k is reaction rate constant) us} Develop dynamic model of (CSTB) in the following form,i (2665) where x is the biomass concentration (mass of cell/volume) S is the substrate concentration(mass of substrate/volume) F=volumetric flow rate of feed stream ‘V=volume of bioreactor xrand Sris the biomass and substrate concentration respectively in the feed stream H=maximum achievable growth Kn is limiting substrate concentration Dis the dilution rate Yis the yield F ¥ & x | 8 . aes Continuous Stirred Tank Bioreactor 22674 2015-2016 M.TECH. (I SEMESTER) EXAMINATION PETROLEUM PROCESSING & PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING FLUID FLOW & HEAT TRANSFER (PK-601) Maximum Marks:60 Duration: Three Hours Note: All questions carry equal marks, Answer any four questions (a) Explain when a heat exchanger is called as compact heat exchanger. List the various types of compact heat exchangers and describe the working principle of a compact heat exchange with a schematic diagram (b) Draw the temperature profile for a co-current heat exchanger and explain. its significance from industrial point of view (c) Show/derive an equation, for a fluid flowing in laminar flow in a pipe/tube, to calculate the friction factor. (d) Define NPSH and its importance and Gross flow. (a) Explain the pinch technology and its application in the petroleum refining industries with an example, (b) In a refining, exhaust steam at low pressure is available in abundance. The exhaust steam is of limited use or of process value as its saturation is low. However it has been found from various estimates that the cost of the exhaust steam is Yé to 1/8 of the live process stream. In view of this, it has been decided to use this stream by employing two heat exchangers in perview to preheat the feed water to an intermediate temperature in the first heat exchanger and then to desired temperature in the second heat exchanger. Derive an equation to calculate the intermediate temperature so that exhaust steam is utilized effectively. (c) Explain the sub cooled and saturated boiling (a) Draw the heat transfer coefficient profile along the length of a long heat vertical plate if air enter from the bottom of the plate. (b) Draw the temperature profile for the wall temperature and liquid temperature along the long heated vertical pipe/tube if a sub cooled liquid enters through the tube and explain the same, (©) Describe the basis on which the film boiling equation for the prediction of heat transfer coefficient has been developed. (d) A heated surface of Radius R is suspended in a large motionless body of fluid. It is desired to study the heat conduction in the fluid surrounding the sphere. Show that temperature distribution, Tr, corresponding to any radius r in the sphere is; R swhere, Ty = Surface temprature, Tr-To r and T,, = Fluid temperature at infinete radius from the Centre @nd the heat transfer coefficient expressed as Nusset number, N, in dimensionless form is Nu =2. Steady state heat conduction equation through the sphere is df > me A Par a) [05] 102] [04] 104] 104] [09] {02} 02 103] 103] 107]4, 2674 (a) Derive the one dimensional fin equation for variable cross section. State the [07] assumption clearly. (b) A thin fin of length L has its two ends attached to two large paralle! plates which are [08] maintained at temperature T, and T). The ambient air which is at a temperature T., surrounds the fin. Show that the temperature distribution along the length of the fin is given by: Te (hate) er Te) Sin h mL. Sin h mL. ‘The equation derived in question 4 (a) is to employed. Where m=(2h kt) and k= thermal conductivity and t= thickness of the fin. (a) Explain the various flow patterns observed for a gas and liquid mixture flowing co- [05] currently in a horizontal pipe with the help of suitable diagrams, if the gas flow rate is increased slowly. (b) A mixture of gas and liquid flows through a pipe of internal diameter 0.015m at a [10] steady flow rate of 1.0 kg/s. The dynamic viscosities of gas and liquid are 80 Kg/m' and ‘noo kad respectively. The wt fraction of the gas is 0.149. Calculate the pressure gradient in the 6. pipe using Lockhart ~ Martinelli method. Given: 1000 ep = 1.0 Ns/ni The two phase correction factor, §, can be calculated by Chisholm equation peGe Pals ts Where X is the Lockhart Mortenilli parameter and *C’ can be calculated from the table given as below Liquid Turbulent Lamin: {Turbulent — (Laminar [Laminar 0.1] a) when both phasesare in turbulent flow i 05 X= () (3S) (+4) when both phasesare in laminar flow ($L) (uc } £= 16/ Re,for laminar flow and f= 0.306 /R for turbulent flow Why pressure drop is more for a gas-liquid mixture over the single phase flowing with the same flow rate. Derive the Von-Karmann integral equation for the boundary layer flow of a Newtonian [15] liquid over a horizontal flat plate with zero pressure gradient and calculate the thickness of boundary layer for a fluid flowing, in turbulent region over a flat plate employing the Von-Karmann integral equation.2675 2015-16 M-TECH. (AUTUMN SEMESTER) EXAMINATION PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING PETROLEUM PROCESSING PK-602 Maximum Marks: 60 Credits: 04 Duration: Three Hours Answer all the questions. Q.No. Question MM. 1G) Name at least 5 Indigenous and 5 Imported Crude resources in India. Discuss the f04) Guality of Bombay High and Ankleshwar Crudes, 1) _ Differentiate between different types of rocks. Discuss about migration of Oil and (06) Gas and different types of “Traps” with figure. & 1Q) Differentiate between Gravity and Seismic methods of oil exploration and, also 405) name some non- explosive & environmental friendly techniques of Seismic surveys. 2a) Differentiate between Cable tool method and Rotary Drilling method. What are the (04) limitations of the Cable Too! method? 2(b) Name different types of dill uid and describe ther functions. Why crew members 106] ut additives in drill fluids? 2(€) Discuss briefly different techniques of Enhanced oil recovery .Explain three (05) approaches of Microbial injection . OR 2a) _ Differentiate any two of the following: [04) 8) Jack up Rig and Semisubmersible rig. b) Kick and BoP, ©) Kelly and Top drive system 2(b) Name and explain different types of Bits, When the lower bottom hole assembly [06] becomes stuck which tool can be used to fiee it and how? Contd.....2.20) 3¢a) 3(b) 30) 3(c’) (a) 4(b) A(b’) 4) What are the different steps of oil well completion? Describe Casing and Gravel Pack in detail Give the different products of Crude oil Distillation, mentioning their boiling range and carbon range .What are the critical parameters you will select to evaluate a crude oil and why? Differentiate between ASTM and TBP distillation How TBP distillation data help in the evaluation of crude oil? Explain the method of operation of a multidraw atmospheric distillation column, How does it differ from conventional distillation? Describe the significance of Flash zone, Refluxing and Steam Stripping and explain Why reboilers are not used in a crude distillation column? OR ‘What is the need of Desalting of Crude Oil? Discuss Electrical Desalting of erude oil with the effect of Desalter Temperature, Pressure and water injection rate What are the different streams that can be used for producing motor Gasoline and Diesel Fuel? Discuss the principi behind Spark Ignition Engine and Compression gr Bi Ignition Engine. Discuss Vapour Locking and Crankcase dilution. Differentiate between Diesel Index and Performance Number. OR Differentiate between Cloud Point, pour Point and Cold Flow Plugging Point. What will be the right position of thermometer bulb for the measurement of cloud point and why? What are the objectives of Reforming in the present day scenario? Draw a neat process flow sheet of semi regenerative catalytic reforming process for the with the help of its enhancement of octane number of gasoline and describe reaction mechanism and reasons of using more than one reactor. 2675 (05) [04] (04) [07] [07] [0s] 104) 104} (06)Maximum Marks: 60 Credit DISTILLATION AND EXTRACTION PK-603 Answer all the questions. Assume suitable data if missing. Notations used have their usual meaning. Ql). Qi) Qi). Describe with the help of examples various mechanism/means of Separations used in Petrochemical/Chemical, Industries Following is the composition of feed to the distillation tower: (n- butane (4 0.40), n-pentane (xp = 0.25), n-hexane (c= 0.20), n- heptane (8p = 0.15). At a pressure of 405.3 kPa, boiling point of the feed is 70°C. Calculate the 1; Dew point of the feed and composition of liquid in equilibrium 2. Temperature and composition of both the phases when 40 % of the feed is vaporized in a flash distillation, OR The Liquid feed of 100 mol/h having composition in mole fraction 4 (arbutane (x4= 0.35), m-pentane (3 = 0.20), mchexane (c= 0.25), heptane (xp = 0.20) is fed to a distillation tower at Pressure 405.3 KPa. Boiling and dew point is 130 °C and 65 °C respectively, Calculate the following: 1. Minimum Number of stages, Nm 2 IER=15 Ry and Ry = 0.532, determine the number of theoretical stages and feed tray location, (2676) 204 Duration: Three Hours (5] 0)(2676) Q2. For the distillation column shown in Figure 1, use Tridiagonal [15] Matrix procedure to compute xy for component nCy (2). Use composition independent K-values from the Table 1. [tie] ay a 1 eet rennet Soar] with Cong sy PY oh os Pap a8 LS woout fy Se] see . a) aoe % 4 [SS 2, Lee 8mah Figure 1 Table 1 Ky Stage 1 2 3 4 5 C3(1), 1.23 1.63 217 | 2.70 3.33 nCq(2) 0.33 0.50 0.71 | 0.95 1.25 nCs(3) 0.103 0.166 | 0.255 | 0.36 0.49 Q3 Explain with the help of neat sketch any three of the following 3) 1. Spray Extraction Towers : 2. Residue Curve Maps 3. Homogeneous Azeotropic Distillation 4, Distillation Curve Maps QA(a) Toluene as dispersed phase is being used:to extract diethylamine [6] Contd.—3- 2676) from a dilute water solution in a packed tower of I-in Pall rings at 26.7°C. The flow rate of toluene V= 84 ft'/h and of water solution 56 f°/h. The physical properties of dilute solutions are: for the aqueous continuous phase (C), p. = 62.2 Ib/ft’, 1c = 0.860 cp; for the dispersed phase, pp =54.0Ib/f. The interfacial tension (6 = 25 dyn/em. Caleulate 1. Flooding Velocity 2. Using 50% flooding, determine the tower diameter 3. Using 50% flooding with aqueous phase dispersed phase instead of the toluene find the diameter of the tower. Q4() (@) A mixture weighing 1000 kg contains 23.5 wi% acetone and [6+3+9] 76.5 wt% water and is to be extracted by 500 kg methyl isobutyl ketone in a single stage extraction. Determine the amounts and compositions of the extract and raffinate phases. Equilibrium data is given in Table 2. ii) Acetic acid is being extracted from water by the solvent methyl isobutyl ketone in a perforated plate tower at 25°C. The flow rate of the continuous phase is 120 sh and that of the disperses solvent phase is 240 f/h. the interfacial tension is 9.1 dyn/cm. The tray spacing is 1.0 ft and the hole size on the tray is 0.25 in, Estimate the fraction tray efficiency. OR Q4(b’). An aqueous feed solution of 1000 kg/h containing 23.5 w1% acetone and 76.5 wi% water is being extracted in a countercurrent multistage extraction system using pure methyl isobutyl ketone solvent at 298- 299 K. The outlet water raffinate will contain 2.5wt% acetone. Equilibrium data is given in Table 2, 1. Calculate the minimum solvent that can be used. 2. Using a solvent flow rate of 1.5 times the minimum, calculate the number of theoretical stages. Contd.Table 2 ‘Composition Data (wt%) MIK Acetone Wate 98.0 2.00 932 A 2.33 713 1895 3.86 710 244 4.66 65.5 289 5.53 54.7 376% 17.82) 46.2 43.2 10.7 124 42.7 54.0 5.01 309 642 3.23 209 75.8 Az 373. + _ 942, 2.20 0 97.8 ‘Acetone Distribution Data (wt%) 25 55 15 10.0 12.5 15.5 115 20.0 22.5 25.0 26.0 Water Phase MIK Phase a5 10.0 13.5 175 213 28.5 28.2 312 34.0 36.5 375 Contd. (2676)mang ie re, ESE sik ape Petree SOR iH Moe Dn Be te ae tt Re 18 a6 oe ae : Rated 1239 09-37 aus "net get Sencar 65-50 assis Teg Ter See ao oss 9 tba Bie " Toner Rist nsw fis-03 Packed Toe Tale ees ergy as.o3 a Tee Sel ee ie ay ‘anos Tower “ Rac add eat gg ance t 1 ue 14a (486). 2 ee : ES 2a eae Boe 2 oe i aa ae ee Lee oe eee Lge as 2 sees = oon Gy hoy vm me Fa 7 2 s Ae A rao (2676) contd «6Figure 3. Equilibrium K values for light hydrocarbon systems at 405.3 kPa absolute ytt 029 ole, a === Bxtrapotated 1 10 020 030 40 asi 060 70 B80 asa i00 Nl, | Figure 4 Erbar-Maddox correlation between reflux ratio and number of stages (R, based on Underwood method) [From J. H. Erbar, RN. Maddox, Petrol. Refiner. 40(5), 183((1961). With permission} (2676)2016-2017 M. TECH. AUTUMN (I SEMESTER) EXAMINATION (PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING) ADVANCED MATHEMATICS MATHEMATICS [AM 641] “Max Marks: 60 Duration: Two Hours Note: Answer all questions as directed. 1. (@)_ Define a vector space. Are the following vectors linearly dependent (55,5) X= (121), %=Q14) %=(456), ¥,=(18-3) If so, find the relationship between them. 3} the inner product of (©) Inthe space of functions generated by the set {e two vectors f and @ is defined by f.2)= frat construct an orthonormal basis. (©) Obtain by matrix method the solution of the system of Differential equations dx, Slax, +2x,, at Rt 2x age subject to the initial conditions x,(0)=c,, x,(0)=c3. a (@) Solve the DE <* =sinxin 0) Classify the following as parabolic, elliptic or hyperbotic: @ (ii) (iii) © Determine 1", B* for 2, Lo to eee a? dt subject to u(0) = 0, u(1) = 2. Whether the operator is self-adjoint?@ (a) () @ (a) (o) 2 Solve the following problem using Green’s function a OR An infinitely long plane uniform plate is bounded by two parallel edges and an end at right angles to them. The breadth is n; this end is maintained at a temperature up at all points and the other edges are at zero temperature. Show that in the steady-state, the temperature is given by 2 2 @) — Wave-equation 2¥ = 42 2¥ a ; ou Heat-equation St Gi) Heavequation S Solve the boundary value problem 78] ¥'@s)=y(s) ¥(0) = 0 and y(1) = 1.1752 by the shooting method, taking mo = 0.8 and m, = 0.9 OR Solve the boundary value problem y"-64y +10=0 with y(0) = y(1) =0 by finite difference method. Compute the value of y(0.5), h = 0.25. dy Solve the system of differential equations a th aay for x = 03 ix ix using fourth order Runge-Kutta method. Initial values are x ~( y=-0, 2-1.(2697) 2016-2017 M. TECH AUTUMN (I SEMESTER) EXAMINATION PETROLEUM PROCESSING & PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING FLUID FLOW & HEAT TRANSFER (PK - 601) ‘Max Marks: 60 Duration: Two Hours Note : “All questions carry equal marks. ‘ZAnswer any four questions. 1 | | Dy | $ 3, (8) ‘A large plate of thickness L, intially has a uniform temperature distribution “270” ‘The temperature at both surfaces is suddenly changed to “To” and held constant thereafter, Derive a relationship for the temperature distribution as a funetion time and thermal properties. Neglect edge effects. Derive momemiter transfer equations in rectangular co-ordinate system and apply them for caleulating the point linear velocity for a fluid flowing with a stream Velocity a in x-direction, between two large parallel plates separated by a distance Sp”, The fluid is in steady state and the plates are stationary. Note No flow in y & z direction. ‘A heated sphere of Radius “R” is suspended in a large motionless body of fluid. 1 ‘ esired to study the heat conduction in the fluid surrounding the sphere. Show that the temperature distribution, T,, corresponding to any radius “r” in the sphere is: (1, -T,)/(Ty T= Rie and the heat transfer coefficient expressed as Nusselt Number, Ny in dimensionless form is Nv =2 Where Tp = Surface temperature and T.. = Fluid temperature at infinite radius From the centre of the sphere. Steady state heat conduction equation through the sphere is 1 d[ dT ae EO. rar) dr | . Derive an expression to calculate the friction factor, "for a fluid lowing through a pipe/tube in laminar flow Describe the various flow patterns formed for a gas & liquid mixture lowing throush a horizontal pipe co currently, ifthe gas flow rate is inereased slowly. plain the homogenous and separated flow model employed in two phase flow mixture, (15) (15) (10) {05} 105] (03) Contdes...2© (a) (b) © @ (a) (b) © Define the Lockhart Martinellis parameter for two phase gas & liquid Mixture and derive an expression to calculate of when both phases are in laminar region. Explain the significance of outlet water temperature in a process heat exchanger and frame“air equation for finding the outlet water temperature. Draw the Sankeys’ diagramme for energy for a commercial plant if the total energy fed to the plant consist of oil, coal and electricity/power. List the factors responsible for determining the forward and backward feed arrangement in evaporator system. Draw a schematic diagramme for a mixed feed arrangement for the same, How the number of effects are calculated in an evaporator system. Explain the limitations of a double pipe heat exchanger. Derive an expression for the calculation of heat recovery for a counter current heat exchanger. Explain the pinch technology and its application. Define NPSH. A fluid is flowing in laminar flow in a copper tube of 1.0” inside diameter, Then it is introduced in a stainless steel tube of same diameter. If all the conditions are kepUmaintained exactly similar in both cases. Explain whether friction factor will be same or greater, if yes then why? (07) [05] [04] {04] [02] [09] (03) [03]PK-602 Maximum Marks: 60 Credits: 04 Duration: Two Hours Answer ail the questions. QNo. Question MM. 1(a) Who started the first exploration activity in India and when? How many {05} sedimentary basins are discovered and explored in India till now. Discuss the quality of ONGC Rudrasagar and Assam Nahorkatia Crude. 1(b) _ Differentiate between source rock and reservoir rock. Discuss different theories of [05] the origin of cil. OR 1) Discuss about migration of Oil and Gas and different types of “Traps” with figure. [05] 1(©) Differentiate between Surface geology, Geophysical exploration and Subsurface [05] geophysical exploration methods with suitable examples. Name some non- explosive & environmental friendly techniques of Seismic surveys. 2a) Define the term bailer and sand line. Differentiate between Drill collar and heavy [08] wall drill pipe. Name different types of drill fluids and describe their functions. 2(b) Discuss any two thermal methods of Enhanced oil recovery Explain three [07] approaches of Microbial injection. OR 2%(a) Differentiate any two of the following: {06} a) Crossover subs and reamers b) Foamed drilling and aerated drilling = ©) Kelly and Top drive system 4d) PDC bit and core bit 2(b) Which is the first line of defence for the kick? Which equipment is used to control [09] 2016-17 M.TECH. (AUTUMN SEMESTER) EXAMINATION PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING PETROLEUM PROCESSING formation pressure and how? Name different steps of oil well completion? Describe Gee. QR.3a) 3(b) 307) 4a) 4(b) 40") (0) == ae Casing and perforations in detail eas What are the critical parameters you will select to evaluate a crude oil and why? Explain why salt and sulphur compounds are not desired in crude oil and how they can be removed, Explain the method of operation of a multidraw atmospheric distillation column. How does it differ from, conventional distillation? Describe the significance of refluxing and flash zone temperature and explain the terms flooding and ‘entrainment. OR ‘What is the basic principal behind the desalting of crude oil? Discuss Electrical Desalting of crude oil with the effect of Desalter Temperature and Pressure What is the basic difference between straight run LPG and Cracked LPG. Name different streams that can be used for producing LPG. Differentiate between Spark Ignition Engine and Compression Ignition Engine. Which temperature range at ASTM curve shows case of starting and crankcase dilution and wi? Differentiate between Cetane number and Performance Number. OR ‘Why high proportions of olefins are not tolerated in gasoline? What will be the right position of thermometer bulb for the measurement of cloud point and why? Describe the role and development of catalytic reforming catalyst on reforming Process. Write down with examples the different desirable and undesi involved in reforming process with its thermodynamic and kinetic con {08} [07] (07) (06 [04] [04] (05)7 (2699) y/ Mech 2016-17 B-FECH. (AUTUMN SEMESTER) EXAMINATION PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICAL ENGG. DISTILLATION AND EXTRACTION PK-603 Maximum Marks: 60 Credits: 04 Duration: Two Hours Answer all the questions. Assume suitable data if missing. Notations used have their usual meaning. QL. A feed of 30 mol% methanol ( A), 20% ethanol (B), 15% n-propanol (C), [15] and 35% n-butanol (D) is distilled at 101.32 kPa abs pressure to give a distillate composition 95.0 mol % methanol and residue composition containing 5.0% methanol and the other components as calculated. The feed is below the boiling point so that q=1.1. The Dew point and Bubble points are 65°C and 95°C respectively. Assume that Roults law applies and use vapour pressure data from Fig 1, Calculate the following. 1. Composition and amounts of distillates and bottoms for a feed of 100 moV/hr. 2. Number of stages at total reflux. 3. Calculate Rm by assuming value of @ = 2.58 Q2. Write down MESH equations for general counter current cascade of N [15] stages. State the algorithm for Equation Tearing Procedure. Q3(a). Acetic acid is being extracted from water by the solvent methylisobutyl [5] * ketone in a perforated-plate tower at 25°C, The flow rate of the continuous aqueous phase is 240 ft3/h and that of the dispersed solvent phase is 480 f/h. The interfacial tension is 10.0dyne/em. The tray spacing is 1.0 ft and the hole size on the tray is 0.25 in, Estimate the fraction tray efficiency Eo. eotdi.s 2.® Explain in brief Mechanically Agitated Extraction Towers. Give the [8+2) advantages of Pulsed Extraction Towers. OR An aqueous feed of 200 ke/h Containing 25 wt % acetic acid ig being [15] extracted by pure isopropyl ether atthe ate of 600 kg/h in a countercurrent Table 1. Table 1 Water Layer Isopropyl Ether Layer (wt%) (wt%) 13.30 94.4 23 482 14.9 93.3 25.500 71,1 34 1140 3.9 84,7 36.70 58.9 44. 2160 69 71.5 44.30 451 106 31.10 108 58.1 46.40 374 165 36.20 151 48.7 I Explain with the help of diagram any three of the following; [15] I a . Distillation curve maps © Pressure Swing Distillation j 4. Extractive Distillation . ® Homogeneous Azeotropic Distillation ; Contd... 3.- 3. (2674) f. Salt distillation 2500. 8 Vapor pressure, mmHg 8 Ce ae er er er Temperature, TC Fig 1. aso 070 aso} + aso} le a.4o| 030} Ratt 0.29 i = —— Betrpota na ‘oat Extrapolates G10 020,030 040 050 060 G10 080 OS 1.00 NmilN, - Gear Maddox correlation between reftux ratio and number of stages {Ry based on Underwood method) [From J. H. Erber fog Maddox, Petrol. Refer. 40 (9), 183 (1961) With permission} ’(2687) 2016-17, M.TECH.(AUTUMN SEMESTER)EXAMINATION CHEMICAL/PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROCESS MODELLING & SIMULATION-1 CHL615/PK-616 Maximum Marks: 60 Duration: Two Hours Answer all the questions. Assume suitable data if missing. Notations used have their usual meaning. Use of transport phenomena equations is allowed, Q.No. Question MM. 1 Develop the mathematical model fora batch reactor where the following reaction rate takes place: A—L>B —2>¢ The content of reactor is heated up to reaction temperature with saturated steam Te {0 jacket at temperature T,, The condensed steam is collected in a steamn tap, The reaction mixture is continuously stimed at a fixed rpm. The reactor is fitted with cooling coil through which chilled water is passed and exothermic heat is removed Assume A» B is desired reaction and B is desired yield where as B > C is undesired - reaction and C is undesired yield. Develop a mathematical model consisting of the mass and energy balance equations by making appropriate assumptions in batch reactor as mentioned in figure. Where U, =Overall heat transfer coefficient of cooling coil U, = Overall heat transfer coefficient of heating jacket heat capacity of mixture p “density of mixture V>Mixture volume AH =exothermic heat of reaction K-reaction rate constant co3 Contd aawiles (2687) Cooting water in at | “AEX * Cooling water out zl : f>-,| a | Cooling coit co2 15 Coe3a) 3a) 3b) Ss (2687) Consider that benzoic-acid (BA) is continuously extracted from toluene using water as a solvent. The two streams are fed into tank A (mixer) where they are stirred vigorously and mixture then pumped into tank B (settler) where it is allowed to settle into two layers (extract and raffinale). The upper toluene layer (raffinate) and the lower watéf layer (extract) are removed separately. Develop a model and obtain an expression for the extraction of BA in a steady state operation with two stages. Each stage still consists of two tanks, a mixer and a settler with cross current and counter- current flow through the stages, Find out what fraction of BA has passed into the solvent phase, where R is (m/s) toluene; c (kg/m) BA; $ (m’/s) water, m is istribution coefficient, a is the ratio of rates of feed to the solvent and E is the fraction extracted. cO-1 Cross current Flow 5 5, n vn th R Rx Rix ‘ Stage 1 Stage 2} —~ 50 5,0 OR ‘Counter- current Flow Re, RX o te Stage 1 *| Stage 2 _ 10 a ——— Sy S, y2 — s,0 A thermometer initially at 30°C is moved at t+0 into an air stream at S0°C.If the 5 thermometer reads 42.64°@ at the end of 10s, what is its time constant? when will the thermometer reading be 45°C. Assume the steady gain to be unity. CO-1 ; Contd —- 4,4 = (2687) Develop the mathematical model for a continuous stirred tank reactor where the following reaction take place: A—“5B Reactant A is continuously supplied to continuous stirred tank reactor with the volumetric flow rate F,a molar concentration Carand temperature T;, The content of reactor are mixed with agitator. An exit stream which contains a mixture of both reactant A and produet B is withdrawn from the reactor continuously with volumetric flowrate Fo, a composition Ca and a temperature T, To remove the exothermic heat due to chemical reaction, a cooling jacket surround the reactor. A coolant stream wish f Yolumetric flow rate F; and an iniet temperature Ty(

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