ADAMSON UNIVERSITY

College of Engineering
Chemical Engineering Department
M a n il a

Experiment 5/6:

COLOGNE/HAND SANITIZER

Experimental Date: January 23, 2018

GROUP 8

Name of Students I.D. Number Signature

Alfaras, Alexander Allen S. 201412178

Lacson, Darlene L. 201414048

Reyes, Raven Auriesh C. 201512994

Valdez, Loisroi R. 201720100

Approved By: Engr. Jerry G. Olay

PROFFESOR

Date of Submission: January 30, 2018

I. Product Description
The group performed an experiment in creating a cologne namely Sakura Cologne. Sakura

Cologne was named after the Japanese name of Cherry Blossom, which was essential oil that

was added in the making. The members of the group created and established Sakura Cologne

by mixing different bases of raw materials. The raw materials needed for performing the

Cologne experiment were namely: Distilled water, Ethanol and Essential oil: Cherry blossom

scent. The process that was applied in the experiment was a step-by-step mixing procedures.

The product, Sakura Cologne, exhibited a light, warm and fresh fragrance. While Cherry

blossoms are considered as the traditional sign of incoming spring, Sakura Cologne will also

bring the bloom of spring in its every spray.

Another experiment was done by the group, a hand sanitizer, which contains ingredients that

kills germs present on the skin. It was named, Fleur Hand Sanitizer. Fleur, meaning a flower

in French, was the ingredient added to add fragrance to it. The materials used for making this

product are: Carbopol, distilled water, Tea, Ethanol, glycerine, and scent (Cherry blossom

scent). The step just like in making the cologne was also a mixing procedure in step by step

basis. The product, Fleur hand sanitizer, was soft on the skin and very fragrant when applied.

Its smell signifies the blossoming of Cherry blossom while it kills germs and cleanses the

skin as a substitute to soap and water when not available.

II. Introduction

Cologne is a mixture of chosen fragrant essential oils and solvents. The component of the

cologne that provides the characteristic scent is may be extracted from natural plant or animal

sources or can be made by chemists in the laboratory. In case of this experiment, the group

used a Cherry blossom extracted oil or essential oil in other term. Cologne may come in

many different forms. The two most common types are formulated with an alcohol based or
oil-based carrier. The carrier is the solvent that the aromatic oils are dissolved in and acts to

deliver the oils to the skin. When applied, the carrier evaporates, leaving behind the fragrance

oils that give the perfume its characteristic smell. Cologne types reflect the concentration of

aromatic compounds in a solvent, which is typically ethanol or a mix of water and ethanol.

The more concentrated the fragrance, the longer the scent will last on the skin.

Hand sanitizer is a liquid generally used to decrease infectious agents on the hands.

Formulations of the alcohol-based type are preferable to hand washing with soap and water in

most situations in the healthcare setting. It is generally more effective at killing

microorganisms and better tolerated than soap and water.

Alcohol-based versions typically contain some combination of isopropyl alcohol, ethanol

(ethyl alcohol), or n-propanol. Versions that contain 60 to 95% alcohol are most effective.

Care should be taken as they are flammable. Alcohol-based hand sanitizer works against a

variety of microorganisms but not spores. Some versions contain compounds such as glycerol

to prevent drying of the skin.

III. Theoretical Background

All cologne are composed of both a base and a fragrance compound. The base is commonly

alcohol or water. Ethyl alcohol is generally used because it evaporates quickly on the skin. Other

bases include: Coumarin, Benzyl Benzotate, Phthalates, or even beeswax. The fragrance can be

synthetic or it can be literally taken from a plant, animal, etc. Without the perfect combination of

the fragrance and base combined, the smell could come across too strong or too light.

The main components of cologne are a essential oil, an alcohol, and water. Perfume oil can be

broken down into two different types. A synthetic oil, or a fragrance taken from a specific source

through methods such as headspace. Headspace directly vacuums the smell from the object nd
gets a print out of its chemical equation to recreate the smell. Oils can be extracted from flowers,

plants, animals, ect. The oils have three parts: The top note, the heart note, and the base note. The

top note is what you smell immediately. The heart note is what you smell 3-4 hours after applying

and it evaporates slowly. The base note sticks easily to the skin and can stay for up to eight hours.

The chemical equations for perfume oil completely depend on what the oil was taken from.

There are also many different types of alcohol that can be used. Ethyl Alcohol is most commonly

used (C2H6O) because it helps the fragrance spread out. Distilled water, H2O, is also used to

spread out the smell of the fragrance. Dilution is much needed in a perfume for it to be appealing.

There are different strengths of perfume based on how much dilution is added. Parfum, the most

concentrated perfume you can buy, is 15-25 percent perfume oil. Cologne, the least concentrated

perfume, is about 10 percent perfume oil.

Studies on the effectiveness of hand sanitizers have been somewhat conflicting. Some findings

suggest that sanitizers are actually better than normal hand washing at killing microorganisms

where others have discovered that hand washing is still superior. The research indicates that

there are many variables that could be causing these discrepancies. First of all, the concentration

of alcohol-based sanitizers needs to be at least 60% to be effective. Alcohol based sanitizers at

this concentration or higher are very effective at killing microbes but the alcohol evaporates

quickly on the hands and may not be present on the skin long enough for adequate protection. As

a result, unless the product can maintain high alcohol concentrations for a longer period of time,

it is probably not effective as regular hand washing. A Federal Drug advisory panel concluded in

2005 that, for general use, antibacterial soaps are no more effective than regular plain soap at

removing germs.
For alcohol based sanitizers, ethanol is more effective at killing microbes than isopropanol.

However, both alcohols are effective at eliminating bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Products using

triclosan or benzalkonium chloride are effective at high concentrations and usually maintain

protection for a longer period of time. However, they have been found to possibly contribute to

antibiotic resistant microbes and many products do not contain a high enough concentration of

these chemicals to be as effective as normal hand washing. The potential of antibiotic resistance

increases if these products are overused or used inappropriately. Triclosan has also been found to

have the potential to cause damaging health effects to humans and the environment. The

American Public Health Association proposed a resolution to ban the non-medical use of

Triclosan in February of 2009. Thus, the standard suggestion from health organizations is to

maintain proper hand washing practices and using hand sanitizers to supplement normal soap and

water.

Many studies and resources suggest that hand sanitizers only be used in high risk settings such as

health clinics, hospitals, prisons, and those with weakened immune systems. These studies

conclude that they should not be used on a regular basis in our homes, offices, and schools.

However, during a flu outbreak, a non-scented, alcohol based sanitizer with a minimum 60%

alcohol percentage should be used.

 IV. Procedure

A. Cologne

1. Mix the fragrance oil and alcohol together with propylene glycol by a stirring rod or

mixer in a pyrex glass.

2. Add water, colorant, EDTA, anti-oxidant, and mix.

3. Stand for 2-3 weeks.

4. Chill at 40°C overnight.

5. Filter while cold then pack using bottles.

B. Hand sanitizer

1. Put Carbopol in a beaker

2. Add Triethanolamine in the mixture of Water and Carbopol, then Ethyl

Alcohol,then glycerine
3. Put Scent

4. Putting all the mixed ingredients in the container

V. Results

The members of the group have carefully decided and chosen the product name and

logo. The product logo was visually appealing due to the relation of the vibrant Cherry

blossom background together with the product name and the special essential oil being

used. The end product was named as “Sakura Cologne” simply because of the essential

oil used in the experiment which is Cherry blossom essential oil. Cherry blossom is

widely known as “Sakura” in Japan, which is the country’s national flower. Also, the

bloom of Sakura tree is the traditional sign of the approaching spring season in Japan.

Sakura Cologne was made for bringing the light and warm beauty of spring whenever

season it is used. The product itself will definitely remind the bloom of spring in its

every spray plus with its long lasting scent - whenever and wherever.
 The members of the group have carefully decided and chosen the product name and

logo. The product logo was visually appealing due to the relation of the flower together

with the product name and the special essential oil being used. The product was named

Fleur (French for flower) because the scent that the group used was a flower scent, a

simple scent yet fragrant scent was added to the hand sanitizer which will make our

hands when applied clean and smell pleasant. The smell itself will make the user

remember the flower that was added to it.

VI. Discussion of Results

The procedure started with calculating the portions of the raw materials to be used since

the group will maximize all the raw materials distributed. The group measuring

different proportions of the distilled water, essential oil (Cherry blossom essential oil)
 and Ethanol (C2H6O) as the alcohol to be used. The group borrowed and used a 10 mL

graduated cylinder since the calculated portions are small. These additional materials

provided minimized the difficulty in the procedure and helped the members to have a

better output. Furthermore, the challenges that were faced by the members of the group

were the lack of the proper weigh of raw materials for the experiment. There were no

challenges in the mixing due to the availability of materials added by the staff of

Chemistry laboratory.

Materials formation

Component PERCENT BY MASS Amount in Mass

(per group)
Essential Oil 8.29% 5.76 mL
Ethanol (C2H6O) 83.43% 58 mL
Distilled Water 8.29% 5.76 mL
TOTAL 100% 69.52 mL

Component Amount Cost/mL Cost

(by Mass or Volume )
Essential Oil 5.76 mL P6.67 P38.40
Ethanol (C2H6O) 58 mL P0.138 P8.00
Distilled Water 5.76 mL P0.03 P0.173
TOTAL 69.52 mL P120 P46.47
COST/ML P0.67

The procedure started with calculating the portions of the raw materials to be used since

the group will maximize all the raw materials distributed. The group measuring

different proportions of the distilled water, Carbopol, Triethanolamine, Glycerine and

Ethanol (C2H6O) as the alcohol to be used. The group borrowed and used a 10 mL

graduated cylinder since the calculated portions are small. These additional materials

provided minimized the difficulty in the procedure and helped the members to have a

better output. Furthermore, the challenges that were faced by the members of the group
 were the lack of the proper weigh of raw materials for the experiment. There were no

challenges in the mixing due to the availability of materials added by the staff of

Chemistry laboratory.

Materials formation

Component PERCENT BY MASS Amount in Mass

(per group)
Essential Oil 0.0374% 0.05 ml
Ethanol (C2H6O) 62.46% 85 ml
Distilled Water 29.39% 40 ml
Glycerine 0.022% 0.03 ml
Carbopol 7.35% 10 ml
TEA 0.73% 1ml
TOTAL 100% 136.08 mL

Component Amount Cost/mL Cost

(by Mass or Volume )
Essential Oil 0.05 ml P5 P0.25
Ethanol (C2H6O) 85 ml P0.5 P42.5
Distilled Water 40 ml P0.3 P12
Glycerine 0.03 ml P5 P0.15
Carbopol 10 ml P0.2 P2
TEA 1 ml P3 P3
TOTAL 136.08 mL P185 P59.9
COST/ML P0.44

VII. Conclusions and Recommendations

As the proponents were working in the said experiments, the members of the group

came up with the following conclusions regarding Cologne making. The following

are the experiences that the proponents think that should concern the next

experimenters of Cologne making.

1. Leave an excess amount of raw materials secured for mistakes and errors that

could possibly occur.

 2. For a more precise measurement, use appropriate graduated cylinder for small

ratio of raw materials.

3. Students must use face mask due to strong scent of essential oil and hand gloves

by using and transferring ethanol.

VIII. Appendices: Product design

IX. Group

Dynamics

Alfaras, Alexander – Borrowed the needed equipment, headed the mixing

process

Lacson, Darlene – Documented the whole experimentation, measured and

divided the raw materials needed

Reyes, Raven – Bought the essential oil, helped with the preparation of the

product

Valdez, Loisroi – Computed the ratios for each raw materials, helped with the

mixing process