Rheology

 Science of flow and deformation

 Critical to the understanding of coating use, application and quality control

 Rheological behavior of paints during and after application determines the smoothness and
perfection of the resulting film surface

 Good performance of paints: shear stress( 400-1400 dyne/cm^2), shear rate(130-260 sec-1) and
viscosity( 2-5 poise)

Viscosity

 Resistance of liquid to flow

 Ratio of shear stress to shear rate

 High viscous fluids need a considerable force to flow unlike low viscous fluids that flow easily

 Plastic, pseudoplastic, thixotropy and dilatant

 Newtonian fluid- follows Newton’s law of Viscosity

 newton’s law of viscosity- defines the relationship between shear rate and shear stress of a fluid
subjected to mechanical stress

 Shear rate- rate at which fluid layers or laminae move past each other

 Shear stress- force tending to cause deformation of a materialby slippage along a plane or
planes parallel to the imposed stress

Plasticity

 Behave more like plastic solids until a specific minimum force is applied to overcome the yield
point.

 Once yield point is reached, liquid begins to approach Newtonian behavior as shear rate os
increased.

 Gels, ketchup

Pseudoplastic

 Like plastic-behaving materials, pseudoplastic materials drop in viscosity as force is applied.

 The more energy applied, the greater the thinning

  As shear rate is reduced, viscosity increases at the same rate by which the force is diminished

Thixotropy

 Special case of pseudoplasticity

 Undergoes shear thinning

 Dripless house paints

 Disappearance of all brush marks during drying (good brushing performance) is achieved either
by rapid flow out due to low viscosity or by taking advantage of the thixotropy of the material.

 Thixotropy provides the material with the low operational consistency needed to prevent the
brush marks and also with the property of building up the structure after the application,
preventing the too fast settling and sagging of paints

Dilatant

 Liquids that show an increase in viscosity as shear is applied