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Ministry of Oil
Studies, Planning & Follow-up Department
Environment Division

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS HANDBOOK

Table of Contents:
1. Environmental Standards of Air Pollutants
2. Environmental Standards of Wastewater Effluent
3. Environmental Standards of Soil Pollutants
4. Environmental Standards of Industrial Projects
 Environmental Standards of Air Pollutants, which include:

x Maximum limits of air pollutants concentration approved by World Health

Organization (WHO).
x Environment Protection Agency's Air quality specifications
x Proposal national standards
x Maximum limits of noise approved by the World Bank "WB"

2
Maximum limits allowed for air pollutants:
There are no standards approved for quality of air in Iraq. Therefore, the
maximum limits approved by international organizations, such as the WHO
and EPA are usually adopted.

MAXIMUM LIMITS OF AIR POLLUTANTS CONCENTRATION

APPROVED BY WHO AND PERIODS OF EXPOSURE
Pollutants Max. Limits Averaging Time
µg/m3 PPM
Ozone O3 120 0,06 8 hours
200 0,11 1 hour
NO2
40 0,021 annual
100 0,087 15 mins
60 0,052 30 mins
CO
30 0,026 1 hour
10 0,011 8 hours
500 0,2 10 mins
SO2 125 0,05 24 hours
50 0,02 annual

Also adopted are the standards issued by the internationally accredited

environmental authorities, such as the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS*) issued by the EPA, as clarified in Schedule No.: (2),
which rely on dividing standards into two sets, the first of which is the primary
standards, which are allocated for the protection of public health, and
secondary standards, which are allocated for the protection of the
environment in general and green areas (vegetation) in particular.

3
 EPA'S NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

Pollutant Averaging Primary Standards Secondary

Time Standards
PPM* µg/m3 PPM µg/m3
8 hours 9 10 (mg/m3) Same primary
CO standards
1 hour 35 40(mg/m3) Same primary
standards
NO2 Annual 0.053 100 Same primary
average standards
Annual 0.03 80 Same primary
SOx average standards
24 hours 0.14 365 Same primary
standards
PM10 24 hours - 150 Same primary
standards
Annual - 15 Same primary
PM2.5 average standards
24 hours - 35 Same primary
standards
Lead (Pb) 24 hours - 1.5 Same primary
standards
3 months 0.08 160 Same primary
O3 standards
1 hour 0.12 240 Same primary
standards

*PPM= Part per Million

It is preferable scientifically to calculate air pollutant concentration by virtue
of the standard metric system units instead of PPM. To convert
concentrations from PPM to weight/volume concentrations, the following
shall be taken into consideration:

4
Each one part per million of the following gases equals the value indicated
opposite each:
CO= 1150 µg/m3
NO= 1230 µg/m3
NO2= 1880 µg/m3
SO2= 2600 µg/m3
O3= 2000 µg/m3

PROPOSED AIR LIMITS

Averaging Time Standard Pollutant

24 hours 350 µg/m3 TSP
24 hours 0.1 PPM SO2
Annual 0.03 PPM
1 hour 35 PPM CO
8 hours 9 PPM
24 hours 1.5 µg/m3 Pb

WORLD BANK'S MAXIMUM NOISE LEVEL, DB (A)

ZONE WB Handbook
Industrial 70
Commercial 70
Residential 55

5
 ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
FOR WASTEWATER EFFLUENT QUALITY

x Law No.: 25 of 1967 on Maintaining Iraqi Rivers

x Industrial Effluent Water Standards approved by the World Bank

6
 LAW NO.: (25) OF 1967 ON MAINTAINING RIVERS AND
ACCOMPANYING INSTRUCTIONS

Definition of Water Pollution:

Water Pollution is defined as changes in the physical, chemical, biological or
aesthetic features (all or some) caused to waters and lead to a change in the quality
of such waters in such a way that they become harmful to the beneficiary or
harmful to the surrounding environment.

The following expression shall mean:

a. Water Resources
1. Rivers and related confluents
2. Streams, canals and channels and their primary and secondary confluents
3. Lakes, basins and other water pools
4. Springs, wells and underground water

b. Effluent water resulting from city wastes, industrial, agricultural and

other activities wastes, including:
1. Effluent water discharged to a water resource
2. Effluent water discharged to public sewers
3. Effluent water discharged to sewerage
4. Effluent water discharged to the marches

Water ingredient levels

a. Water Resources
Schedule No.: (1) enclosed herewith includes the physical, chemical and
biological levels required in water, which levels may not be exceeded upon

7
discharging any kind of wastes to the resource, and are considered as the
maximum level permitted for water resource ingredients.

b. Effluent Water
b.1 Effluent water discharged to a water resource
Schedule No.: (2) enclosed herewith includes the physical, chemical and biological
levels required for the effluent water discharged to resources.

b.2 Effluent water discharged to public sewers

Specific levels are determined, provided that the levels indicated in Para (b-1)
above are observed for discharging water to a water resource.

b. 3 A sewer is considered as a point of discharge to the water resource, provided

that the disciplines indicated in para (b-1) above are observed. Subsequent levels
shall be clarified for the waters discharged to the sewer provided that para (b-1)
above is complied with as regards poisonous and hydrocarbon materials and the
required discharge is taken into consideration in the design of a sewer so that it
does not lead to an increase in the water discharged into a sewer over what is
determined in the design.

b.4 Specific levels shall be clarified for the effluent water discharged into the
marches provided that para (b-1) above is complied with as regards the poisonous
and hydrocarbon materials.

8
 Note: Concentration in mg/l unless otherwise indicated
Sl. Material a-1 a-2 a-3 a-4
No.
1. Color Normal Normal Normal Normal
2. Heat - - - -
3. TSP - - - -
4. PH concentration 8.5-6.5 8.5-6.5 8.5-6.5
5. Dissolved Oxygen ²5 ²5 ²5 -
6. B.O.D.5 ¢5 ¢3 ¢3
7. CO.D.CR207 - - - -
8. Cyanide 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
9. Fluoride 0.2 or more as naturally existent in the resource
10. Free Chlorine Trace Trace Trace Trace
11. Chlorides 200 or more 200 naturally 200 existent 200 the
as in resource
12. Phenol 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005
13. Sulfurs 200 or more 200 naturally 200 existent 200 the
as in resource
14. Nitrate 15 15 15 15
15. Phosphate 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
16. Ammonium 1.0 1.0 1.0 -
17. DDT 0 0 0 0
18. Lead 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
19. Arsenic 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
20. Copper 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
21. Nickel 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
22. Selenium 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
23. Mercury 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001
24. Cadmium 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005
25. Zink 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.1
26. Chromium 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
27. Aluminum 0.1 0.1 0.5 -
28. Barium 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
29. Boron 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
30. Cobalt 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
31. Iron 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5
32. Manganese 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
33. Silver 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
34. Total Hydrocarbons - - - -
& Derivates
35. Sulfide - - - -
36. Ammonium - - - -
37. Ammonium Gas - - - -
38. SO2 - - - -
39. Petroleum Alcohol - - - -

9
40. Carbide Calcium - - - -
41. Organic Solvents - - - -
42. Benzene - - - -
43. Chlorobenzene - - - -
44. TNT - - - -
45. Bromine - - - -

Remark:
a-1 to a-4 are meant as indicated in the water classification paragraph and pertain
to the authority responsible for implementing the regulation (Public Human
Environment Directorate) as a guide.

Schedule No.: (2)

Note: Concentration in mg/l unless otherwise indicated
Sl. Material b-1 b-2 b-3 b-4
No.
1. Color - -
2. Heat Less than 35 Centigrade 45 Centigrade
3. TSP 60 750
4. PH concentration 9.5-6 9.5-6
5. Dissolved Oxygen - -
6. B.O.D.5 ¢ 40 1000
7. CO.D.CR207 ¢ 100 -
8. Cyanide 0.05 0.5
9. Fluoride 5.0 10
10. Free Chlorine Trace 100
11. Chlorides a. if the rate of water
quantity discharged into
the water resource is
1:1000 or less,
concentration in the
resource may be increased
by 1% of the normal
concentration in the
resource prior to discharge
b. If the rate of water
quantity discharged into
the water resource is more
than 1:1000, chlorides
concentration in the
discharged water may not

10
 increase over 600mg/l
c. If the fluoride
concentration in the
resource water is less than
200 mg/l, each case shall
be examined separately by
the authority responsible
for application of the
system
12. Phenol 0.01-0.05 5-10
13. Sulfurs a. if the rate of water
quantity discharged into
the water resource is
1:1000 or less, sulfurs
concentration in the
resource may be increased
by 1% of the normal
concentration in the
resource prior to discharge
b. If the rate of water
quantity discharged into
the water resource is more
than 1:1000, sulfurs
concentration in the
discharged water may not
increase over 400mg/l
c. If the sulfurs
concentration in the
resource water is less than
200 mg/l, each case shall
be examined separately by
the authority responsible
for application of the
system
14. Nitrate 50 -
15. Phosphate 3.0 -
16. Ammonium - -
17. DDT 0 -
18. Lead 0.1 0.1
19. Arsenic 0.05 0.05
20. Copper 0.2 -
21. Nickel 0.2 0.1
22. Selenium 0.05 -
23. Mercury 0.005 0.001
24. Cadmium 0.01 0.1
25. Zink 2.0 0.1
26. Chromium 0.1 0.1

11
27. Aluminum 5.0 20
28. Barium 4.0 0.1
29. Boron 1.0 1.0
30. Cobalt 0.5 0.5
31. Iron 2.0 15
32. Manganese 0.5 -
33. Silver 0.05 0.1
34. Total Hydrocarbons Total hydrocarbon
& Derivates materials may be
discharged into water
resources a-1 and a-2
according to the
concentrations and levels
indicated in the above
schedules provided that
such concentrations shall
be measures prior to
mixing same with the
water resource. No
hydrocarbon materials
may be discharged into the
water resources a-3 and a-
4.
First: 10 mg/l according to
the following levels:
a. water discharged into
the resource water is not
less than 1:1000 or less
b. river is in continuous
flow
Second: 5 mg/l according
to the following levels:
a. water discharged into
the resource water is not
less than 1:500 or less
b. river is in continuous
flow
Third: 3 mg/l according to
the following levels:
a. water discharged into
the resource water is not
less than 1:300 or less
b. river is in continuous
flow
35. Sulfide - 3.0
36. Ammonium - 10.0
37. Ammonium Gas - 6.0
38. SO2 - 7.0

12
39. Petroleum Alcohol - Not permitted
40. Carbide Calcium - Not permitted
41. Organic Solvents - Not permitted
42. Benzene - 0.5
43. Chlorobenzene - 0.1
44. TNT - 0.5
45. Bromine - 3-1

Remark:
b-1 to b-4 are meant as indicated in the water classification paragraph and include
the levels which must be complied with by the authority responsible for the
discharge process.
Permitted concentration may be increased at a specific rate in special cases
depending on extent of impact of the required discharge on the respective water
resource.

13
 WASTEWATER EFFLUENT STANDARD
WB HANDBOOK

Material Unit Standards

COD mg/l 150
BOD5 mg/l 30
Oil & Grease mg/l 10
Total SS mg/l 30
Phenols mg/l 0.5
Sulfides mg/l 1
Benzene mg/l 0.05
Nitrogen Total mg/l 10
PH - 6-9
Cr mg/l 0.5
Pb mg/l 0.1

14
 SOIL CONTAMINANTS CONCENTRATION, INCLUDING
x Soil Investigation Levels- Australian Criteria
x Contaminants of concern in soil- Dutch Criteria

15
 SOIL INVESTIGATION LEVELS (MG/KG)
Metals A B C D
Arsenic (total) 100 400 200 500
Beryllium 20 80 40 100
Cadmium 20 80 40 100
Chromium (III) 12% 48% 24% 60%
Chromium (VI) 100 400 200 500
Cobalt 100 400 200 500
Copper 1000 4000 2000 5000
Lead 300 1200 600 1500
Manganese 1500 6000 3000 7500
Methyl Mercury 10 40 20 50
Mercury (inorganic) 15 60 30 75
Nickel 600 2400 600 3000
Zinc 7000 28000 14000 35000
Organics
Aldrin + Dieldrin 10 40 20 50
Chlordane 50 200 100 250
DDT+DDD+DDE 200 800 400 1000
Heptachlor 10 40 20 50
Polycyclic aromatic 20 80 40 100
Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Benzo(a)pyrene 1 4 2 5
Phenol 8500 34000 17000 42500
PCBs (Total) 10 40 20 50

16
Petroleum Hydrocarbon
Components
(constituents):
>C16 – C35 Aromatics 90 360 180 450
>C16-C35 Aliphatics 5600 22400 11200 28000
>C35 Aliphatics 56000 224000 112000 280000
OTHER
Boron 3000 12000 6000 15000
Cyanides (Complexed) 500 2000 1000 2500
Cyanides (free) 250 1000 500 1250

A. ‘Standard’ residential with garden/accessible soil (home-grown produce

contributing less than 10% of vegetable and fruit intake; no poultry): this
category includes children’s day-care centers, kindergartens, preschools and
primary schools.
B. Residential with minimal opportunities for soil access: includes dwellings with
fully and permanently paved yard space such as high-rise apartments and flats.
C. Parks, recreational open space and playing fields: includes secondary schools.
D. Commercial/Industrial: includes premises such as shops and offices as well as
factories and industrial sites.

CONTAMINANTS OF CONCERN IN SOIL- DUTCH CRITERIA

Tier 1 screening Maximum Number above
Contaminants of
criteria-set 1* concentration applicable
concern
(mg/kg) (mg/kg) criteria
Lead 530 16990 3/42
Zinc 720 5072 3/42
EPH(C10-C40) 5000** 44956 8/43

* Dutch intervention value (2000)

** value for mineral oil

17
 ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS FOR INDUSTRIAL,
AGRICULTURAL & SERVICE PROJECTS

Remark: Petroleum Industry-related activities have been listed and legislations

handbook can be used for the rest of details

18
 ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
FOR INDUSTRIAL, AGRICULTURAL & SERVICE PROJECTS 1990

Interpretations
- Site Standards: means the specifications to be taken into consideration
upon selecting an industrial site or activity of any other nature which has a
harmful impact on the environment. Exceeding these site standards leads
to harm to public health and the environment directly or indirectly.
- Environmental Requirements: means additions in work methods and
technological units which must be provided in the activity as part of the
project or the production process which could lead to lessening the
pollution hazards or final elimination.
- Primary design limits: means the primary designs of cities and villages
intended for development by virtue of rural development and settlement
plan.
- River Maintenance Regulation in force: means the River Maintenance
Regulation No.: (25) of 1967 by virtue of the latest amendment officially in
force.
- Levels in force for the surrounding air quality: means air quality levels
by virtue of the latest amendment.
- Prevailing wind direction: means the direction where winds blow from
for the longest period of time during the year according to the other
directions, provided that the angle from which the direction is measured
shall not be less than 45 degrees (i.e. wind direction within an angle of 45
degrees).
- Environmental Classification of Pollution Resources: for the purpose
of facilitating the task of authorities granting approvals to exercising

19
 industrial, agricultural or service activities, the following regulation shall be
approved dividing activities into three primary categories; a, b and c in
terms of environmental pollution intensity, as follows:

First: Environmental Polluting activities, Category (a): The activities of

severe pollution to the environment, including major industrial or
agricultural projects which have numerous impact on the quality of
environment and on wide areas, and therefore must be kept at far
distances from the primary designs and expansion of cities, districts
and villages intended for development by virtue of the rural
settlement plan, provided that all treatments are provided to ensure
sufficient protection for the environment.

Second: Environmental Polluting activities, Category (b): The activities of

lesser pollution to the environment than that of Category (a),
including the industrial or agricultural resources etc. which result in
site pollution which can be controlled, and therefore may be
exercised within the boundaries of the primary designs and the
allocated block provided that treatment units are provided
according to the instructions and disciplines. In case all aspects
related to pollution can not be controlled (bad odors etc.), the site
shall be specified outside the boundary of primary designs and
according to the site levels.

Third: Environmental Polluting activities, Category (c): These are the

remaining human activities which result in minimum pollution
which can be treated, such as industrial plants which do not cause

20
 remarkable pollution, small agricultural projects, residential
complexes, hotels and hospitals which result in pollutants of
organic content and can be easily treated by using treatment units,
and therefore can be exercised within and outside the boundaries of
the primary designs, according to the instructions issued by the
technical committee formed by order of the Ministry of Industry
and Military Manufacturing under No.: 27541 on 7.12.1988,
permitting farm owners to construct non-pollutant industries inside
their farms.

Remarks:
1. Any site standards or other environmental requirements may be added as
necessary after informing the Environment Protection and Improvement
Department of same in advance.
2. The site standards or environmental requirements do not conflict with the
licensing authority's requirement for an undertaking from the stakeholders
on the good management, maintenance and proper operation of the
treatment units to lessen the pollution as per the condition of the project
and on bearing the legal consequences if otherwise is proved.
3. The Health Departments in Baghdad and provinces / Environment
Protection and Improvement Divisions shall be advised about the
approvals issued by the central and district authorities to facilitate the
mission of control.
4. All activities covered by these regulations shall be subject to environmental
control by the Environment Protection and Improvement Divisions in
Baghdad and the provinces and shall be furnished as periodic reports to
the Environment Protection and Improvement Department.

21
Development Projects for Chemical, Petrochemical and Petroleum
Industries
Means major plants of high production capacity for the manufacturing and
production of chemical and petrochemical materials beginning from the primary
materials, such as:
Chemical nitrogen or compound fertilizers; chemical pesticides of all kinds; paper
factories; organic or non-organic acid production plants; petrochemical industries
of all forms; oil refineries; oil and natural gas exploration; chlorine gas production
plants.

Environmental Classification:
Environmental polluting activities, category (a)

Site Standards:
1. The allocated site must be away from the primary design boundaries by at
least 15 km. in the direction of the prevailing wind and at least 10 km. for
the other directions.
2. These projects may not be constructed in valleys and narrow natural low
areas, and in leveled lands if the prevailing winds are obstructed by natural
or man-made source (a hill or forests as wind breaker).
3. In cases of extreme necessity a study shall be conducted to assess the
environmental impact of the proposed project by virtue of detailed
particulars.
4. The treated water discharge point shall be specified at a distance of no less
than 5 km from the potable water source.

22
 5. Since extraction of oil, gas and ores is related to the nature of the location,
the matter shall be left to the discretion of the concerned authorities in
coordination with the Environment Protection and Improvement
Department.

Environmental Requirements:
1. Integrated units shall be added for the treatment of liquid industrial wastes
to ensure conformity with the Rivers Maintenance Regulation. Treatment
plants shall be determined along with the primary studies of the project by
the supplier company or engineering consultant offices certified in the
country.
2. Units shall be added for the treatment of gaseous and solid emissions to
ensure conformity with the air quality outside the boundaries of the
project with the local specifications of air quality.
3. The implementing entity (or engineering consultant offices certified in the
country) shall be responsible for accuracy of the designs and calculations
for what is indicated in (1&2). The Project Owner or Operator shall be
responsible for efficiency of operation. The treated effluent water shall
conform to the River Maintenance Regulation in Iraq No.: 25 of 1967.
4. Solid wastes shall be treated by ground disposal or incineration. However,
hazardous or poisonous solid wastes are disposed in the ground in the
allocated locations.
5. Environment Protection and Improvement Divisions in Baghdad and the
provinces shall be responsible for environmental follow-up of all pollution
forms resulting from the plants or projects, in addition to efficiency of
treatments and conformity of water and air specifications with the
applicable legislations and standards.

23
 6. A fully equipped laboratory shall be provided to conduct tests on industrial
waters after treatment to ensure their conformity with the environmental
standards.

Washing & Lubrication Garages

These mean the concerns where vehicle lubricant oils are changed in addition to
vehicle washing and lubrication.

Environmental Classification
Environmental polluting industries, Category (C).

Site Standards
1. Permitted to be constructed within the boundaries of the primary designs
of cities or industrial or service areas or storage areas, and within fuel
stations located in the aforesaid areas.
2. Not permitted to be constructed in the agricultural or residential areas.
3. Permitted to be constructed on highways (outside the boundaries of the
primary designs) and in the fuel sale stations (as integrated stations).

Environmental Requirements
1. Oil traps by virtue of the plan approved by Baghdad Municipality and
Municipality Departments in the provinces.
2. A tank of sufficient capacity to collect consumed engine oils and ensure
that these oils are not leaked with the washing water and dispose of same
as per the official instructions.
3. Clean the oil traps, sedimentation tanks and water networks from mud on
regular intervals to ensure the proper operation of same.

24
 4. In case the area has a public sewage network, water can be discharged into
ground tanks the capacity of which conform to the garage capacity and
subsequently into the public sewage.
5. In case the area has no public sewage, water is discharged into ground
tanks constructed for this purpose, whose capacity match the garage
capacity, to be transported to locations determined by the Municipality
Departments.

Fuel & Gas Stations

Means the sites allocated for vehicle fuel sale and gas cylinders sale for household
uses.

Environmental Classification
Environmental polluting activities, Category (C).

Site Standards
1. Gas sale squares shall be away from the nearest residential unit by a
distance of at least 100 meters, and fuel sale stations away by at least 40
meters from residential units.
2. The site allocated for construction of fuel sale stations and gas sale squares
shall be away at a distance of at least 100 meters from schools,
kindergartens, nurseries and hospitals.
3. May be constructed on highways, external roads and main streets after
obtaining the approval of the concerned authorities.
4. Washing and lubrication concerns in fuel stations may be constructed on
external roads provided that the said environmental requirements are
provided in the washing and lubrication garages.

25
Environmental Requirements
1. A fence of at least two meters high shall be built for the gas cylinder sale
squares.
2. Safety requirements, especially fire and accidents control to prevent
environmental pollution for the surrounding areas.
3. In case of locations specified for the sale of white oil and gas, requirements
to be provided to collect the leaked oils in accordance with the designs
prepared by the Ministry of Oil.

Sanitary Disposal Sites of Hazardous and Poisonous Wastes

Means the sites allocated for disposal of hazardous solid wastes resulting from
various industries which contain poisonous materials, heavy elements or corrosive
materials.

Environmental Classification
Environmental polluting activities, Category A.

Site Standards
1. The site must be outside the boundaries of primary designs of cities by a
large distance, preferably in the desert. Specific sites shall be allocated for
burial of hazardous wastes.
2. Sites shall be away from water resources by a distance of at least 5 km.
3. Site specifications shall be as follows:
a. Ground water level's depth shall not be less than 10m.
b. Soil nature shall be non-porous silt.

26
 c. Area topography shall be observed to ensure that segregated liquids do not
transfer to other areas.
4. The site shall be away from soil erosion and floods resulting from the fall
of large quantities of rain water.
5. Site depth shall be max. 4-5m.

Environmental Requirements
1. A fence shall be constructed around the site with distinctive sign.
2. An appropriate material in terms of cost and wastes shall be selected to
form a lining for the site and prevent materials leakage and ground water
pollution.
3. All security requirements shall be provided to control sudden accidents in
the site which could cause the pollution of the surrounding area.
4. Four monitoring wells shall be drilled for the suction of ground water and
testing of its components to identify extent of pollution across the ground
water and monitor the water levels and decomposition in the site.
5. The site is considered as closed for at least thirty (30) years during which it
shall not be used for any activity.
6. Hazardous and poisonous wastes shall be mixed when they are disposed in
the ground with non-poisonous materials such as carton, paper, wood and
constructional debris wastes.

Manual Liquefied Gas Plants

Means the sites where liquefied gas is stored then filled in gas cylinders for
household uses.

Environmental Classification

27
Environmental polluting activities, Category (b)

Site Standards
1. Permitted to be constructed within the boundaries of the primary designs
of cities in the industrial zones and storage zones and in the open areas in
case same does not conflict with the proposed uses for such sites by virtue
of the design.
2. Shall be away by at least 100m. from the boundaries of residential areas.
3. Shall be away by at least 50m. from the nearest industrial facility and 250m.
from thermal facility (Standard 1289 of 1988).
4. May be constructed on highways and external roads after obtaining the
approval of the concerned authorities.

Environmental Requirements
1. A fence to be built of at least 2m. high of non-inflammable materials (same
specifications as above), adding bribed wires at top of the fence at 75cm.
high.
2. All safety and fire protection requirements shall be provided and
controlled by virtue of the Iraqi Standard No.: (1435) of 1989.
3. Sensors shall be placed for early warning against leakage cases and increase
of hydrocarbon gases concentration in the surrounding air.
4. Maintain the manual pumps for filling cylinders and spread awareness
among the workers on hazards of leakage from both environmental and
safety aspects.

28