Unit fourteen Vocabulary SECTION 4 Dependent prepositions and prepositional phrases 1 VERB + PREPOSITION As well as verbs of movement and place followed by Prepositional phrases (ee Section 3), we can use verb + preposition combinations The file sonciate of nothing but car chasse Given the choice, I'll always opt for the cash prize ‘+ Sometimes, the verb and preposition are separated by an object: He played off one side against the other and lost They subjected him to fierce interrogation. It is primarily its greater size whick distinguishes the raven from the common crow. + Very atten, verbs with related meanings are followed by the same preposition. Here is an example of such a group: ask for appeal for hope for long for yearn for + However, some verbs with similar meanings have different prepositions accuse someone of blame someone for i'll these aps with a Suitable preposition. Few men escaped / emerged /ran away vanished ..... the prison cells b Tid like to swap / exchange / substitute / trade this computer... a more recent model 2 ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION Some adjectives are commonly followed by collocating prepositions (see Unit 2, Section 1.4). As with ver + preposition, the verbs can have related meanings similar to related 10 characteristic of typical of responsible for sorry for. fraught with riddled with deficient in lacking in upset about annoyed about ‘Choose the most suitable preposition to complete these sentences: Is the program compatible... your computer? ‘Asa musicologist, he is completely steeped the music of that period. 3 NOUN + PREPOSITION Some nouns are commonly followed by collocating, prepositions: a prelude to a sequel to a taste for a craving for ‘an attack on a relationship with insurance against 4 safeguard against an extract from 3 Choose the most suitable preposition to complete these sentences: a We eventually gained access bb I've just had a blazing row his computer files. ry line manager 4 PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES Prepositional phrases usually begin with a preposition which may not be connected with the preceding nou, verb or adjective Tarvived atthe checkout out of breath [find his arrogance beyond belief Their luggage arrived in advance. Please go to Gate 11 without delay. 4 Choose the most suitable preposition to complete these sentences: The driver of the van was found to be... fault ’b Some people appear to be... the mistaken impression that Scotland is part of England, x= —™ @ Link the openings of the sentences (1-10) with their endings on the right (2). Example: 0 k. (0 Ithink you should a with danger apologise) bin adequately trained 1 I can’t suppress my staf. craving € at 344.7 to the dollar. 2 Have you heard 4 to endless bullying as 4 Vim afraid I camplerely a child disagree € in persuading me to 4 We are alarmingly ‘go with them. deficient £ with you about that. 5 Ljust think the whole g of such boys situation is fraught about Jeremy's new 6 T'mafraid thisis typical job? 7 ‘They eventually i forabar of succeeded chocolate. 8 The exchange rate now for this type of stands exercise 9 'm really getting a taste (k for your behaviour 10 He was subjected last night.)@ Match each group of verbs (2-j) with one of these dependent prepositions. Each prepi matches with two groups. about against in over of a boast eee delight re bother me a fore succeed ee fad ce SS = daiue ec confide rile es ar perl vane Siminwe rede oe cai ti cee ee bade chew compe" tp ee amen a re ea ae ice} ap eee eerae sre 2s a ee ee © Which two of the groups above (2) are commonly used in either the passive or with an object? © Fill cach of the blanks with a suitable adjective from the list. devoid prone incumbent impervious conducive inherent intent reminiscent inclined conversant a Teel itis... upon you of the company’s b My mother used to be fits for no apparent reason. © The animals seemed damage as possible 4. My sister appears common sense sometimes. € My attempts at drawing are angry child £ Lam more and more retiring early, g There isa fundamental flaw propose and so it won't work. h You scem to be e, as director, to inform. ancial difficulties. to sudden fainting cof even the mort basic of those of an towards the idea of in what you i Ton‘ chink the current climate is investment. J Im not fully to much with the rules of basketball. DEPENDENT PREPOSITIONS AND PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES @ Use a suitable word to complete prepositional phrases in these sentences. a I think that ..... all likelihood this car's had it. > an extraordinary coincidence, we bumped into each other again in Patras. ¢ You must get that application off... delay. 4. ‘Their recording of the late Beethoven quartets is really something... of the ordinary. € Do you realise that. the new legislation you could be arrested for doing that? £ Lev’ nor discuss pay differentials again, at least not... the time being, g. The media seem to have blown the whole story Up... of all proportion. hh Treckon George was... the verge of tears when he realised his job was... the line F This fin was pantuced ...... collaboration the Arts Council J. They've forgotten to include my name again: it’s a case of... of sight, ..... of mind. © Underline the word or phrase that best completes each sentence. 1 I really can't believe that anyone would... to such underhand tactics adabble b stoop creach d conceive 2 The crowds all... towards the stadium as the time for kick off drew closer. a gravitated entered c embarked d aspired 3 The whole situation has now deteriorated to the point where itis beyond a acontrol bjoke cbelief d help 4 “The team were in remarkably high the appalling weather. ashape standards spirits terms 5 I've never had much of a(n)... for languages, ‘unfortunately. accapability b tendency c ability d aptitude 6 Teoceuts to me that we need to make sure there are... against potential abuse of the system. a preventions b provisions ¢ safeguards d curbs 7 Ithink we should be ..... of the potential implications of building on such a sensitive site. a conversant b mindful c answerable 4 ateuned 8 Your participation is whole project. adependent b indicative ¢ desirous d integral despite to the success of the 23Lig vocasuLany SECTION 5 Expressing knowledge and belief 4 WHAT SORT OF BELIEF? We can modify how strong our belief is in many ways. Here are some examples Ifirmily believe that... It is my firm belief that Thelieve wholeheartedly that. Ihave an unshakeable belief that... I tend to think... What things do you strongly Believe in? 2 BELIEF, TRUST AND FAITH We use heli, trust and faith ~ and their related verbs Thelieve you. believe in you It’s my belief that Ttrust you trust in you Put your trust in me, Have faith in me. Younced self-belief’ Keep faith with your ideals. 3 WHAT SORT OF BELIEVERS? As in all topic areas, certain adjectives collocate with, certain nouns, Here are examples a devout Muslim a strict vegetarian a leading expert 4 practising Christian a firm believer 4 die-hard Conservative a staunch supporter 2 fierce opponent 4 WHAT SORT OF KNOWLEDGE? Note how adverbial phrases can be replaced by adjectives used attributively and vice versa Adverbial phrase ___ Adjective _ We need an account of ‘what happened im full You'll have to report in detail what happened. He knows about his subject im depth We only have an idea of the plan in broad outline. what happened. We'll needa detailed report of what happerei. He has an in-depth Ienowledge of the subject. We only have a sketchy + We also use a number of idiomatic phrases: know London like the back of my hand. She knows the locking-up procedure inside out. He knows the lyrics of atleast twenty Beatles songs by heart The fire and safety officer knows the regulations backwards asa We need a full account of 5 HAVING NO KNOWLEDGE ‘There are many ways to say we don't know or understand something. Some are colloquial such as rm in the dark, ‘Search me. The police have nothing to go on. Thaven’t (got) a clue. I haven't (got) the faintest / slightest /foggiest idea. I’ve no idea. Ik°s beyond me, It all goes over my head. + There are fewer formal common phrases we can use to express ignorance: Tam not familiar with the facts. Lam not fully acquainted with the facts of the case. I must confess to ignorance regarding. kz &5 © Ate these pairs of sentences similar in meaning or substantially different? Tick (7) those that are very similar, Puta cross (X) by those that are clearly different. a Trust you to tell him! Can I trust you to tell e Ifyou ask me, In my opinion, him? £ “To the best of my b ‘To my mind, knowledge, In my view, As far as | know, © He definitely didn't know about it, He didn’t definitely know about it Believe me, Believe it or not, © Underline the word or phrase, a, b, €or d, that best completes each of the sentences. 1 He hasan... knowledge of his subject. aiintense b intensive cextensive d extended 2 Ies....... knowledge that the Chancellor has not heen entirely discreet in his private life a universal b general common ¢ full 3 Ie’sa(n). secret that the two of them spent time together on the Caribbean tour. apublic bopen blatant d closed 4 Thave a... acquaintance with the facts of the a shaking b slight e nodding d tiny 5 Tn not al that well aupon bupto con with doffwith 6 She's not really well aacquainted bversed cdressed done g I believe you Ubelieve in you. bh To my mind, To my knowledge, the ways of the world in office procedures.Ihave a mere... of German asmattering b knowledge ¢ acquaintance command 8 Thave all the information I need at my a toenails fingertips ¢ wits’ end darm’s length 9 We're still trying to get the computer systems. ahook bleaf chang d view 10 How could any company use someone whose English and French are so... ? atamished bstained crusty d faded 11. She has only a(n)... knowledge of the subject under review, doesn't she? aseant ballround. c firsthand common 12 Her knowledge of what we are trying to discuss is only arudimentary b inadequate ¢ common comprehensive of these new © For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence using the two prompt words printed below it. a I firmly believe that students’ knowledge should be tested otherwise than in formal examinations. belief / know Thad no reason to doubt that the taxi driver knew London inside out willing /hand ¢ We are undecided as to whether to submit a full account of what happened or just a brief summary, two /in Afterall this time I can still get by in French but I'm hopeless when it comes to German working / clue ‘© My feelings are unequivocal in favour of the banning of blood sports. wholeheartedly / banned £ He knows all about situations when employees think they know more about the way the company works than the boss does. stranger / greater g Tean't conceive of what life will be like a hundred years from now conception / people 1b Thad no way of knowing that the party would be so shambolic possibly / shambles EXPRESSING KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEF © Undertine the word or phrase, a,b, ¢ or dy that best completes each of the sentences. One, two, three or all four may be possible 1 Tknow it aforafact bforsure ¢ for certain d for this 2 The professor knows ahis stu b what's what that's that d his subject 3 [know quite a lot of Shakespeare's soliloquies aby heart bin full etohand donend 4 He has an ..... belief in life after death unchangeable b unalterable _c unshakeable unwavering 5 Tomy....... knowledge, he has no previous certain b absolute c complete d personal 6 My... of the issue is that he owes her rather a lot of money. abelief breading ¢ understanding d knowledge 7 You may say the boy should have known 5... 5 but I don’t think he was entirely to blame. amore bless ebeter d worse 8 Her latest actions will presumably leave you in RO ooo. 8640 her guilt aquestion bdoubt c uncertainty d response 9 Vm ....... convinced she had a part to play in the crime. atotally b quite cextremely d completely 10 [can still read you like 2 my deat. magazine bleafler_ehook d paper 11 Have ...... in your own abilities. aconfidence berust ¢ faith d persuasion 12 Tam still........ of the way things work here a ignorant b unaware ¢ unconscious unknown ~ That gt fe | A tec a tr pee ma 25» Exam practice 14 1 For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence but using the word given. This word must not be altered in any way. ‘exams: In the end, our fears turned out to be groundless, proved Im the end, our fears proved (to be) groundless. The director claimed not to be involved in the petty financial arguments over the film. distanced b You've got to accept that you are too old for that sort of thing nowadays. face ¢ My husband is enormously proud of his cooking, prides Everyone stopped talking when he entered, fell She wasr't as reliable as we had hoped. proved £ Senior management and representatives from the shop floor go to make up the committee. comprised 1g None of us was hurt in the explosion, unscathed h We made sure we were in the best position to watch the parade. positioned 1 We mustn't become separated in the crowd. stick J There was hardly any movement in the traffic in front of us. inched om 2 Complete each sentence so that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the sentence printed before it. exampce: All the buildings were razed to the ground by the earthquake. No building remained standing after the earthquake, a Take another biscuit if you lke Help Standing as tall as he could, he passionately denied any involvement in the affair. Drawing 236 ¢ Julia and | met by chance in Gloucester Green Julia and | bumped “You really must take a holiday, Dad,’ said my daughter. My daughter insisted that © Getting the captaincy represented the pinnacle of his career, Being made £ I know that Andrew is one of our most hard- working supporters. know Andrew to g The man was convicted on three counts of dangerous driving, The jury found We I sounds 2s if a Gannprunise hay Loon reacted A compromise appears i In my view, you are responsible for the delays hold J Most people felt nothing but contempt for the murderer. The murderer was held 3 Fill the blanks with a suitable word or phrase. EXAMFLE: The bricks were loaded onto the lorry a You don't need to commit this stage to anything b Believe me, you are kidding you believe you can finish this by Christmas. € Numhers attending last Sunday's demonstration are estimated region of 100,000. d Some diseases seem dormant for months before becoming active. e The bombers managed through the security cordon. f His land far as the eye can see. 9 By skilful negotiation, they managed to talk of trouble hh The bus was swaying dangerously as it descended the hillside. 1 During the selection procedure, the candidate was subjected ‘of searching questions. j The spin doctors tried ‘over the fact that the Prime Minister had broken most of his promises. em _ way undetected to sideEXAM PRACTICE 14 4 Circle the word or phrase that best completes each sentence. 1. Her boyfriend has an impressive of German, A-smattering B knowing C acquaintance D command 2 My niece claims to be a(n) vegetarian, A firm B devout CC unshakeable strict, Bima supporter of proportional representation. A confirmed B strict © practicing Dctaunch 4 I know Thessaloniki like the Back of my A hand B head € book D wardrobe 5 ve read that report so many times | feel | know it Aforwards —B backwards C sideways D upside down 6 | think we've kept everybody in the about the arrangements for far too long. A gloom B dusk dark D night 7 To my winter is a daft time to go on holiday. Aopinion _B belief C view D mind B This class seems to have only a knowiedge of what they are supposed to achieve, ‘Assmattering B rudimentary € comprehensive _D faded Actually, I'm starting to the hang of this game. A get Bachieve ——C obtain Dkeep 10 Carolyn is not really well with office procedures, Adressed versed € acquainted DD done HH Tomy knowledge, hie has no previous convictions. A certain B absolute C complete D definite 12 | really think there is no ‘of her continuing to work here. A doubt B question C uncertainty response 13 | have every in your ability to succeed, A-confidence B trust C belief D persuasion 44 The weaker side managed to ‘over the league champions. Accompete —B cheat € prevail D culminate 15 Everybody was about the latest production at the National Theatre. Arevelling —_B tiumphing —C delighting Draving 16 | really can't believe that anyone here would in such shady dealings. ‘A dabble B stoop € reach D conceive 17 The current team are of a remarkably high . despite injury problems. A shape B standard € spirit Dterm 18 The government was forced to introduce fon the sale of such controversial Videos. A preventions B provisions safeguards. B curbs 19 | think everyone should be with the way office machinery works. A-conversant —B mindful C answerable D attuned 20 Your participation is of the way we seek to involve everybody in our plans. A dependent B indicative C desirous D integral am 27