A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS ON INFIXATION ACROSS LANGUAGE

Written by :

MUHAMMAD IRAWAN (E1D117068)

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MATARAM

2019
 INTRODUCTION

1. Definiton of Infixation
Infixation is a morphological process whereby a bound morpheme attaches within a root or
stem.The kind of affix involved in this process is called an infix.

2. Definition of Grammatical Function

Grammatical function is the syntactic role played by a word or phrase in the context of a
particular clause or sentence. Sometimes called simply function.In English, grammatical
function is primarily determined by a word's position in a sentence, not by inflection (or word
endings).

3. Word orders
Definition of word orders : Word order is important: it’s what makes your sentences make
sense! So, proper word order is an essential part of writing and speaking—when we put words
in the wrong order, the result is a confusing, unclear, and an incorrect sentence.

Type of word orders :

a. Subject – object – verb

In linguistic typology, a subject–object–verb (SOV) language is one in which
the subject, object, and verb of a sentence always or usually appear in that order.
If English were SOV, "Sam oranges ate" would be an ordinary sentence, as opposed to
the actual Standard English "Sam ate oranges".

b. Subejct – verb – object

In linguistic typology, subject–verb–object (SVO) is a sentence structure where
the subject comes first, the verb second, and the object third. Languages may be classified
according to the dominant sequence of these elements in unmarked sentences (i.e.,
sentences in which an unusual word order is not used for emphasis). The label is often
used for ergative languages that do not have subjects, but have an agent–verb–
object (AVO) order.
c. Verb–subject–object
In linguistic typology, a verb–subject–object (VSO) language is one in which the most
typical sentences arrange their elements in that order, as in Ate Sam oranges (Sam ate
oranges). VSO is the third-most common word order among the world's
languages, after SOV (as in Hindi and Japanese) and SVO (as in English and Mandarin).

d. Verb–object–subject
In linguistic typology, a verb–object–subject or verb–object–agent language – commonly
abbreviated VOS or VOA – is one in which the most-typical sentences arrange their
elements in that order which would (in English) equate to something like "Ate oranges
Sam." VOS is the fourth-most common word order among the world’s languages,
after SOV (as in Hindi and Japanese), SVO (as in English and Mandarin) and VSO (as
in Filipino and Irish). However, it only accounts for 3% of the word’s languages.

e. Object–verb–subject
In linguistic typology, object–verb–subject (OVS) or object–verb–agent (OVA) is a rare
permutation of word order. OVS denotes the sequence object–verb–subject in unmarked
expressions: Oranges ate Sam, Thorns have roses. While the passive voice in English
may appear to be in the OVS order, this is not an accurate description.

f. Object–subject–verb
In linguistic typology, object–subject–verb (OSV) or object–agent–verb (OAV) is a
classification of languages, based on whether the structure predominates in pragmatically-
neutral expressions.
 DISCUSSION

NO WORD ORDERS EXAMPLE GRAMMATICAL % GF

FUNTION

1 SVO LANGUAGE
1. Portuguese Eu sou Moor Eu sou Moor SG=34%
language I’am a Moslem 1SG PRES INT-Moslem
2. Bimanese sia kampore Sia kampore INT=24%
language he is fat 2SG INT-Fat
3. Indonesian Dia kepanasan Dia ke-panasan PL=6%
language He is hot 2SG INT-Hot
4. Sasak Nie lekaq Nie lekaq DUAL=6%
language Your are lying 2SG INT-lie
5. Ekagi Okeiya owa Okeiya owa PRES=10%
language Their house 3PL house

2 SOV LANGUAGE
1. Latin teachers veniet Teachers veniet SG=34%
language the teacher is coming 3SG 3SG-come
2. Japanese Sore wa anata no hondesu Hondesu INT=24%
language Its your book 2SG-book
3. Korean Geudeul-eun mun-e anj-a Geudeul-eun mun-e anj-a PL=6%
language They (two males) sit at the DUAL in door sit
door
4. Hindi Aneeta ek angrejee kee Angrejee kee chhaatra DUAL=6%
language chhaatra 3SG. PRES
Anita is an English students
5. Bangla Tādēra bāṛi Tādēra bāṛi PRES=10%
language Their house 3PL house
3 VSO LANGUAGE
1. Filipino Ang pogi ng bata Ang pogi ng bata SG=34%
language The kid is so handsome INT-pogi 2SG
2. Arabic Huma ya-jlis-aani fid daari Huma ya-jlis-aani fid daari INT=24%
language They (two males) sit at the DUALMale-sit.PRES-
door DUAL

4 VOS LANGUAGE PL=6%

1. Malagasy mangatsiaka izy mangatsiaka izy
Language he is cold INT-atsiaka 2SG
5 OVS LANGUAGE DUAL=6%
 1. Hixkaryana Toto yonoye kamara Toto y- ono -ye
language The jaguar ate the man kamara
Person 3SG eat -
Jaguar
DIST.PAST.COMPL
6 OSV LANGUAGE PRES=10%
1. Warao Najoro-te Najoro-te
language Going to eat in the future INT-future

CONCLUSION

In word orders there are SVO, SOV, VSO, VOS, OVS, and OSV. In SVO there are 5 languages
namely portuguese, bimanese, Sasak, Indonesian, Ekagi. In SOV there are 5 languages namely latin,
jepanese, korean, hindi, bangla. Then in VSO there are 2 languages, namely Filipino and Arabic.
Furthermore, in VOS there is 1 language, namely Malagasy. In OVS there is 1 language, hixkaryana.
The last one is OSV, there is 1 language, warao.