“Rainfall Run-off Processes”

By: Dale Austin D. Locsin

Objectives/What to learn:

 Mechanisms of rainfall-runoff processes

 Cycle of rainfall-runoff
 Runoff measurement
What is a runoff?

 the draining away of water (or substances carried in it)

from the surface of an area of land, a building or
structure, etc.
When does runoff occur?

 Runoff occurs when there is more water than land can

absorb. It is when the intensity of precipitation exceeds
the actual rate of infiltration of the land
Factors affecting runoff:

 1. Soil type
 2. Vegetation
 3. Slope and catchment size
Why might stormwater runoff be a problem?

 As it flows over the land surface, stormwater picks up potential

pollutants that may include sediment, nutrients, bacteria, pesticides
metals and petroleum by-products.
Water Cycle of Rainfall-
Runoff
Interflow
interflow is the lateral movement of water in the unsaturated
zone

Overland flow
Is the flow of water that occurs when excess stormwater, meltwater, or
other sources flow over the Earth's surface.

Baseflow
part of streamflow that has infiltrated the ground, has entered the phreatic
zone, and has been discharged into a stream channel, or springs and seepage
water.
Where does runoff water go?

 When rain falls onto the earth, it just doesn't sit there, it
starts moving according to the laws of gravity.

 The excess liquid flows across the surface of the land and
into nearby creeks, streams, or ponds.
Measurement and mathematical
modeling:
 Runoff is analyzed by using mathematical
models in combination with various water
quality sampling methods

Example: hydrological transport models

 The quantity of water following down the river can be
measured by actual measurements. The methods of
discharge measurement have been dealt with
subsequently. The records of runoff, i.e., river flow, can
be kept on daily, monthly, seasonal or annual basis. Total
runoff of the river is also called the yield.
Computer Simulation