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NOTE: MIL-STD-46855 has been redesignated as ~

a handbook and is to be used for guidance purposes
only. This document is no longer to be cited as E MIL-HDBK46855
requirement. For administrative expediency, the 31 Januarv 1996
only physical change ficrm MIL-STD46855 is this SUPERSEDING
aver page. However, this document is no longer to MIL-STD-46855
be cited as a requirement. If cited as a rquirenrent, 29 hftly 1994
wntraetors may disregard the requirements of this
document and interpret its contents only as guidance.

DEPARTMENTOF DEFENSE
I-UINDBOOK

HUMAN ENGINEERINGGUIDELINESFOR
MILITARYSYSTEMS,EQUIPMENTAND FACILITIES

I This handbook is for guidance only. Do not cite this

document as a requirement.

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MIL-sTD-46x55

FOREWORD

1. This Mifitary Standard has been approved for use by all Depmmenls and Agencies of Urc
Depamrrent of Defense.

2. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data

which may be of use in improving Uris documeot should be addressed to Commander, U.S. Army
Missife Command, AlTN: AMSM1-RD-SE-TD-ST, Redstone Arsenaf, AL 35898-5270 by using
the Standardization Document frnprovement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing al the end nf ths
document or by letter.

3. MIL-STD-46855 is the primary tasking document used by the services to specify human
engineering efforts during sysmm acquisition. It supports the human factors engineering discipline
indepmdendy or as a part of Humsn Syswm Integration inidatiws. MfL-STD46855 is also
wriuesr to accommotfak a wide range of products, inchrdlng small equipment items as well as
major systems. Tlsis srandard inrentionafly provides reasonable latitude for performing
organizations to apply ttxhnicaUyogmrrr judgment and innovation consistent wklr specific
procurements.

4. AS a result of striving to aecommedate aff service Human System integration initiative,

all acquisition phases, and a wide range of produc&, while avoiding overly restrictive
requirements, dre srandard furnishes somewhat generaf tasking provisions for analysis, design,
tes~ and related requirements. A collateral result is a lack of deraif. Whiie MfL-STD46855
defures the requirements for a human engineering program, specific design criteria are found in
MIL-STD-1472 and relaf.ed ssandards. Some guidelines for analysis, design. and rest & evacuation
procedures are given in DOD-HDBK-763.

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MIL-sTD4fA55

CONTENTS

1
SCOPE
1
:.1 scope
1
1.2 Applicability
Application Guidancs 1
1.3
2
2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
Government documents 2
2.1
2
2.2 Order of precedence
3
3 DEFUWTIONS
3
3.I Systenrs engineering
3
3.2 systems Iaylmt drawings
3
3.3 Other terms
4
4 GENEML REQUfREMEfVfS
scope and nsture of work 4
4.1
4
4.1.1 AIrslyais
Bign and development 4
4.1.2 4
4.1.3 Test and evaluation
4
4.2 Human engineering progmm planning
A
4.3 Risk msmagemenl
4.4 I&views
5
Major SedrniCaf s’SviSWS 5
4.4.1
Subsystem reviews 5
4.4.2
5
4.5 Cognizance and coordination
5
4.6
5
4.6.1 TracabilirY
5
4.6.2 Access
6
4.7 Subcontractors and suppliers
6
4.8 Nondupticadon

5 DETAILED REQUIREMENTS
:
5.1 Anslysis
7
5.1.1 Detirrirrg and aflocadng system functions
&@rm~nt selection 7
5.1.2
7
5.1.3 Analysis of tasks and workload
Preliminary system and subsystem tilgn 8
5.1.4
HUMaII eogineermg in detail d=igo 9
5.2
Erurerimenls, W& and studk-s 9
5.2.1
Et@teering drawings 10
5.2.2
10
5.2.3 Work environment, crew statirrrrs, and facilities design
11
5.2.4 Human engineering in perforrmmw and design spec~]cations
Pwedure development 11
5.2.5
5.2.6 SOftwsre development
5,2.7 Mapu~ls
5.3 Human engineering in rest and evalusriun
5.3.1 Piartning
5,?.2 ImplemenQthm
5.3.3 Failure und errol wldysis

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MIL-STD-46855

CONTENTS

6 NOTES 14
●
6.1 Intended use 14
6.2 Issue of DODISS 14
6.3 Dam requirements 14
6.4 Tailoring guidance 15
6.5 Sub@ct term (key word) listing 15
6.6 Changes from previous issue 15

APPENDIX A SELECIION AND TAILORING GUIDE FOR MIL-STD-46855 17

APPENDfX B PARAGRAPH AND DfD NUMBER CORRELATION FOR 25

DOD-HDBK-763 USERS

CONCLUDING MA’fERfAL 28

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MI L-STD46X55

1. SCOPE

1.1 -. This standard establishes and defines the requirements for applying human
engineering to the developmem and acquisition of milhary systems, equipment, and facilities
These requirements include the work to be accomplished by a contractor or subcontractor in
conducting a humarr engineering effort integrated with the tots! system engineering and
development effort. These requirements am the basis for including human engineering in
proposafq system, equipment, software, and facility anafysis, design and test and documenmtion
and repordng.

1.2 ~ . This srandard applies to the acquisition of military systems, equipmenb and
facifitieq however, it is not intended that all tic requirements contained herein shoufd be applied 10
every program or program phase.

1.3 ~ In accordance with DOD principles. directives rmd reguladoms

governing Ure apptictstion arrcf”tailoring of specifiiriorw and srarrdarda to achieve mar effeaive
acquisition and life cycle ownership of defense mae.riel, this standard sh~l & rail~d to sxlc
programs and the milestone phase of the program within tire overall liie cycle. This tailoring shall
se.lecrively apply methods, tables, sections, individual paragraphs, or sentences, or a mrrbirration
thereof, to& placed on contract in order to impose essenriaf human engineering requirements,
consistent willr avoiding unrmxsq progmnr cosrs. Guidance for be procuring activity’s
selection of this standard for cxrntract use, and, when invoked, the partial and incremenrd
application of the rrqdrements provisions, m contained in Appendix A.

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MIL-STD-46855

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1.1 ~ The following standarda fomr a part of this

documenl to the extent spccifled herein. Unless oth&vise sfxxified, the issues of these documenls
am thase Iistd in Ute issue of dre Department of Defense fndex of Specifications and Standards
(DODISS) and supplements thereto, cited in tbe solicitation (see 6.2)

STANDARDS

MIL-STD-1388- 1 - Logistic Support Anatysis

MIL-STD- 1472 - Human Engineering Des&r Criteria for Mifitary Systems,

Equipment, and Facifitit%

MIL-STD-1478 - Task ~Oll_05ttW Al151ySiS

Mff/STD-1908 - Deftitions of Human Factors Terms

(Unless otherwise indicated, copies of federat and military specifications, standards, and
handbooks are available from tbe Standardization Documents Order Desk, Budding 4D, 700
Robbins Avenue. Philadelphia PA 1911 1-5094.)
. .
2.1.2 ~. Not applicable.

2.2 ~. fn the event of a conffict between tbe tcxl of this document and the
references cited huein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document
●
however, supersedes applicable laws and tegul@na unless a specific exemption hss Men
obtained.

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3. DEFllWTIONS

.!
3.1 ~ J% inbmfiaciplinary approach to evolve and verify an integrated and
life-cycle brrfanced set of sy&m product and process solutions that satisfy customer tteds.
Syssmrrs engineering: (a) encanpasaea the scientific and engineering efforts (including human
engineering) related to the development manufacturing, verifmwion, deployment, operations,
support, and d~posaf of system producrs and proce=% (b) develoPs needed w-g
erfuifmrent, p-d-, and da@ (c) establishes and maintains coti:guration management of the
system, (d) develops wtnic breakdown structures and smtemenrs of work. ~d (e) Pro~*s
information for mmagement deciiion making. Representative human engineering activities in
systems engineering may include the following:

a. Prepare operationally rerdistic mission profdes and mtilon scenarios.

b. Repare fimxionat Row block diagrams for the system.

c. Perform a funcrionaf analysis of each flow block and define opaatiorad end support
equipment and fixiiities rqrirements.

d. Repare system and subsystem schematic block diagrams.

e. Study detailed functions. environment and techrncaf de@n requirements to alhcate

tasks to pcrsomel, equipment. software, or some combination thereof.

f. Rofram operadoo and tnaintcnmrce timefine analyses to dctmmim system macdon time.

g. Repare arrd analyze operations and maintenance workload and task data to influence
equipment and procedure tbxiign arrd to determine equipment quantiti~ quandfadve and qualbarive
personnel rrxfuirements, and system down-time for scheduled and unscheduled maintenance.

h. Identify training impfiions.

i. Conduct trade studies.

j. Participate in preparation of speciftcatiorrs for the system.

k. Participate in design reviews, demonsIrrrsiorr& and Devaluation Xtivities.

1. fnffoence design of softwa& and hardware u.%r interfaces ttnd appficabk~

prwes.

3.2 ~ System desQrr drawings which include but are not limited to: (a)
the cordiiurasim rmd _emekI of hems of eqripment for manned stations (such as a pflot’s
statiom astmoaut’s station, launch control off!cer’s station, shipboard command statiun, and tank
commander’s station) and multiple crew stations and poskiorw tmd (b) the eonfigwation and
arrangement of items of equipmen~ such as modtrkr rack or maintenarwe grouad equipmesrL
which may not be a part of a manned station for operation, but require human access for
.,,

3.3 ~. Wter terms m-c ddirred iu wmrdiuux wirh MlL-ST’D- 1908.

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MIL-s-rf3-4frtf55

4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1 ~ - Human engineering shall be applied during dcvelopmem and

acquisition of military systems, equipmem and facilhiea to effectively inrcgrate personnel into the
design of fhe system. A human engineering effort abrdl be provided to (a) develop or improve afl
human interface$ of tie system, (b) achieve required effectiveness of human performance during
system opration, maintenmce, support. control, and transpcm, and (c)make economical demands
upon personnel resoum.es, skills, training, and costs. The human engineering effort shall include,
but nol oeawasd y be Iiiited to, active participation in the following three major interrelated rueas
of system development

4. I. I _ - Srardng with a mission analysis developed frrrm a baseline scenario, the

functions that must be performed by the system in achieving its mission objectives shall be
identified and described. These functions shall be analyzed to determine she besr ahcation to
personnel, equipment, software, or combinations thereof. Allocated functions shalf be forther
dissected to define the specific rash that must be performed to acmmplisb the functions. Each
task shall be analyzed to determine rhe human performance parameters, the sysmnfeqoipment/
software capabtkies, and the taticallenvironroenral condhions under which the tasks are
conducted. Task parameters shall be quantifWd, where pcssible, and in a form permitting
effectiveness studies of the human-system interfaces in relation to the total system operation. The
identifkstion of human engineering high risk amss shall & initiated as part of the arrtdysis.
Anafyses .drsII & updared as required to remain current with the design efforL

4.1.2 &&rr arrdde e@m.tetU - Design and development of the system equipment, software,
prmdtrres, work enviro~ents, and facilities associated with the system fUflCtiOrN req~g
persomel interaction shaJl include a human enginming effort. llaii humao engineering effort shall
converl the mission, system, and task anrdyses dara into (a) deraif k$ign and (b) development

●
plans to creare a human-system interface that will opersre within human performance capabilities,
meet system functional requirements, and accomplish mission objectives.

4.1.3 ~ - Test and evahmtion shall be conducted to veri!j’ that design of

military systems, equipment, and faciliti.% meets human engineering criteria, can be operated and
maintained witbin rhc intended users’ performance capabilities, and is compatible with the ovemlf
system requirements.

4.2 ~ - Humrm engineering program planning, in

accordance with the requirements of this standafd and the equipment specikalion, ahafl include the
tasks to be performed. human engineering milestones, level of effon, merhods to be used, design
cma%pls to be utib?d. and Ure test rrnd evaluation program, io @ms of an integrated effort within
the total project

4.3 ~ Risk management procedures shall be planned and implemented for

the endre life cycle of the system. Human perforrruum and human engineering design criteria
issues that involve potenrisf technical, COSLor schedule risks shall be identiled, anafyzed, and
prioritized as early as possible 10establish provisions for elitnhati.ng or reducing the associated
risks to raxepiabie ievela. Such provisions shall be implemented and monitored during the human
engineering program. Risk management shall:

a. identity prrrcrwird CWW,sche+bk. &sign, md pcrformarrcc risks that result from dwign
aspects of human system integrntimr.

h. qui(n[i[y such risks and Ihcir impacrs on COSLschedule, and performance,

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MIL-STD-46X55

c. cviduiiu tintl define .scrssiiivily d’ risks inhxrcluuxl with humwr rmginccnng rf~sigrr.

d. identify idtemtrtivc solutions m modrxmc ond high risk human rmgirrccnng prnhlems
and define their risks,

e. tsdre actions to avoid, minimim, comrol, or accept crrch human cnginmnrrg risk, and

f. ensure that human perfrrrmrrncehfesign risk is an clement of specification reqrriremtvm.

4.4 &&y&.

4.4.1 ~ v’ w.. Hurmrn cn:inecring shun pwticifralc in the ma,jor reviews. M

applicable 10 h acquisition phases indicated (W Tahlc 1of Appendix A) arrd the rcquiremcms
herein

a. Alternative System Review (Phase ())

b. System Requirements Review (Phrr.se1)

c. Sysrem Functioned Review (Phase 1.11, m 111,as approfmkric to Urc acquisition)

d. preliminary Design Review (Phase 1, H, Ill, or IV, 0s rqspropriate Ii Ihc acquisition)

e. Criticaf Design Review (Phase I , H, HI, tw IV. us appropnak! w tic acquisition)

i. System Verifuliorr Review (F%cw II. Ill. or IV, as approfrriarc w the acquisition)

4.4.2 ~ rev iew~. Human engineering shall also participate io subsyslem n!vicws.
includ@, where apphcahfe, so(lwarc .specificrdion, w madines.., and functimaf reviews (e.g.,
suppom training, systems enginecrirrg, lesl, and manufacturing).
. .
4.5 ~ ., The humrm cngineerirrg progmm shall he erro@nared with
RAM (reliability. availtilliiy, and mumbiirsubiliiy), syswm .safcty, .survivabilityhhmahility.
facilities errgioccring, integrated Iogis[ic supprwt, and other human ~xt(ws functions including hit)-
medical, lif~ suppor~ persimncl irrsi tminirr:, and shall hc imcgmlcd inh) Lhc mml syswm prnirtirn.
Human engineering dma shall he provirkd Inr irrcnrporation ink] lhu Lngistic Support Analysis
Record ( LSAR) as applicahlc. The humun cnginccring ciirm shall uliliw the MAR as smsrcu dots
where possible. The human cngirwcrin: porlinn oi any mxrlysis, design or ICSIand cvalwrlimr
program shd”l hc amtfucmd undw ihc dirccl txqyixwsec of pcr,sonrwl &\sigrrcd human crvginccring
~tity by the e-lrntrrretnr.

4.6.1 ~ ., C(mIractor documcntmion shell prrwirk Iriiccahility frnm iniliirlly

identifying, human mrpwcring rcquirmncnls during m-mlysis undlor sys~rn cnginccring, Ihnwgh
imphxncnhng such rquirmwILs during Jcsign wsd dcvclt)pmcnl, lo verily in: thal [hc.w
rcquirurwms huvc twcn nwl during ICS!ml cv;lluti[ilm {J uppnwwl design. s(~flwm!. ml
pnwrfurcs.

4.6.2 a All LIJU. such as pl~ns, m~lyscs, design rrvimv n$sults, @wirr:s, checklists.
Llc:ign and lcsl nmcs. wrd mhcr supporting tmukgrm-rnrl (fOCUMCnLSret’lcclin: hummr cnginccnrrg
actmln and rtm%rnr mtirmatc, shzrtl kc maimrrirrml rmd made rrvnhhlt w k CtWrtIWhW’iiI’iiiJili* h)
lhc procurin$ iwlivily I’t)r nwxxirq?s, reviews. 4udiLs. dm(mslmli(ms, ksl i!nd CVidUitLi(M, and
rcitrtctt I“unctrr ms.
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4.7 ~ . The prime cimwwu~r shidl ensure that ~ks and produck
obmirrul from suhcontrwlors and suppliers c(mlum] to rclcvwrl hunum cnginrxring requircmenL$

I herein.

I 4.8 ~. .. . The cllims pcrfurmcd LUlulfill the human cngineenng requirements

specified herein shall be courdinwxl wilh, IWI rm[ duplicate, efforts performed pursuant to other
conrsnctuai requiremerms. Necessary extensions or uarrsiomsations of Useresuks of oUrer effons
for use in the human engineering program will not be considered duplication. Instances of
I duplication or conflicl shall be brmrght 10Ihe imenlion of the Comracling Officer.

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5. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS

● 5.1 m. Requirements wmlysis shall be developed from ti ba.wline mission scenario.

Analysis shall include application of human engineering techniques as follows

S.i.l ~ Tbc functions that must be performed by the

system in achieving its objective(s) within specified misQon environments shall be anafyz.ed.
Human engineairrg prirrciple$ and criteria shafl be applied to specify human-system performance
requirements for system operation, maintenance and control fimctions and so aflocate system
functions to(1) automated operation/maintenance, (2) manual opemtioti maintenance, or (3) some
combination rhereof. Function atkxation is an iterative process achieving the level of derait
appropr~w fOr rhe level of system dctinitjon.

5.1.1.1 In&mi@oflo and ~ “ Anrdys&s shatl be performed to determine

basic information flow and ~owssirrg r&ired to accomplish rhe sys~m objective and include
decisions and operations without reference 10 any spcifw machine implememadon or level of
human involvement,
...
5.1.1.2 ~. Plausible human
roles (e.g., operator, maintainer, programmer, decision maker, communicator, monitor) in the
system shafl be ickmdtied. Estimates of prrxzsaing capability in terms of worfdoarL accuracy, rate,
and time delay should be prepared for each potendaf operasorlmaimainer information processkg
function. Comparable estimates of equipment capabtity shaft afso be made. These estimates shafl
be used initially in determining rrtlocation of functions and shalt later be refiicd at appropriate times
for M in definition of operator/ma.inrainer information requirements and control, display and
cammunicatioo req uiremcors. tn addition, esdrnatea shaff be made ofrheeffecraon these

e capabifitics likely so result from impkmentadon or non-impfemcnrarion of hummr engineering

de&gn nxommendasions. Results from smdies in accordance with 5.2.1 maybe used ss
supportive inpurs for Shesee5timates.

5.1.1.3 ~ From projected operamr/msintaine.r performance data.

estimated cost da@ and known conatndnts, anafyses and tradedfstudies shaff be conducted to
determine which system functions should be machine-impkxnenterl or software controlled and
which should be ~ed for tie human opcmtcm/maintainer. Aftocntion of functions shafl
cansider the risks of makiog an incormcl decision for each afternstive kiting evaluated so that
Wlgns maybe simplified or enhanced to prevent or minimize situations where human decisions
are made under conditions of uncertainty, time stress, or workload ssress. The possibility of
I infhrerrring human or equipment capabilities through personnel selwion sod training M well as
Shrougb quipmal and proceduce design shafl be considered, and the costs of such action shaft be
considered in trade-off and cost-benefit smdies.

5.i.2 ~ Human engineering prfncfple.s and crireria .sha!I be appfied along

with all other de&gn requirem”ms SOidensify and sefect she particular equipment to be operated/
maintainedlcontroffed by personnel. me selected design configuration shall ref?ect human
engineering inputs expressed in “best estimate” terms, to satisfy the funcrionaf and techrdcaf design
uiremems and to ensure that the equipment will meet the applicable criteria contained in MIL-
%1472,ss wellwotierhum~en~neeringdtia~~~hco-,

5.1.3 ~ and work load. Human engineering principlti and criteria shatl be
applied to analyses of tas~ and workload. As a basis of anaf@s or taakt$, Ihe task inventory,
denloped in accordarrce with Task -W i of MIIA7D-1 3S8- 1, &Isafl bc used, if avaflabIc. Tlrcsc
anal y.ses shall ak+ ) hc provided as basic information for dcvelnping preliminary manning levels
‘o equq?mem pr{wdurtx ski 11,uailling. unil comn~!midwt rcquircmcnts; and M Logistic. Sufsp(IrI

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Amdysis inputs, as applicable. AU imnfyws of wks shafl utiliz the task taxonomy expressed in
MIL-STD- 1908. The Arm y’s approach for the conduct of an anal ysis of taska is through a task
performance anafysis conducted in accordance with MIL-STD-1478, built upon a task inventory
from MfL-STD-1388. (For Army acquisitions, see 40.2.5.)
●
5.1.3.1 ~ An anatysis of tash shafl be conducted and shall provide one of
the bases for making design CO)_)CepNddecisions, e.g., determining, to the extent practicable,
before hardware fabrication, whether system performance and maintenance rquiremenrs can be
met by combinations of anticipated cquipmerr~ software, and personnel, and ensuring that human
performance requirements do not exceed human capabilities. Time requirements for treks shall be
evaluated with respect to task duration vs. time avaifahility, task sequencing, and task simultaneity.
Tmk requirements shafl be evahrared, as applicable, with respect 10 accuracy, prec~lon,
completeness, and the effects of task feedback and error tolemncderror recovery on performance.
These analyses shafl also consider effects of suarainedcontirrrrous op-adoru orI human
performance. Those tasks idcntifmd during human engineering analysis which are related to end
items of equipment to k operated or maintained by personnel and which require critia.1 human
performance (see “Criticrd task” in MIL-STD- 1908), reffect po.sible unsafe pmcrices or are subject
to promising improvements in oprxaring cfficiincy sbatl be further analyzed.

5.1.3.2 ~. Further ansdysis of criricaf raaks &aff identify the: (1)

information rquired by operator/nrairrtainer, including cue$ for task initiation; (2) information
avaitable to operator/maimainec (3) evaluation prcce.sx (4) titon reached after evafuadon; (5)
action raken; (6) body movements required by action taken; (7) workspace eI’IW@X ~uired by
action raker, (8) workspace availabl.% (9) location and condition of the work environmerru (10)
frequency and tolerances of action; (11) time base; (12) feedback informing operator/mairrtairrer of
rfre adequacy of actions taken; (13) toots and equipment required; (14) number of persormel
required, their specialties, and experience; (15) job aids, rrafniog, or refemmccs required; (16)
communications rquired, inckfing type of commrmicatiorr: (17) special haznrda involvd, (18)
operator interaction where more than one crew member is involved, (19) performance limits of
personnel; and (20) opcrationaf Iirnirs of machine and software. ‘l?re amfysfs sbdf k @ormed
for all affecred missions and phases including degraded modes of operation. Each crhicat task
●
shalt be rmafymd to a kvel sufficient to identify opersmr and maintainer probfem arm that can
advaaely affect rokion accompfishmerrt and to evafuate proposed corrective atxion.

5.1.3.3 ~ Opmtor (individual and crew) and maintainer (individual and

team) workload arratyses sbrdf be performed and compamd with pcrfomtance criteria To avoid
overloading or urrderloading, she degree to which demands of any task or group of rasks tax Use
attention, capacities, and capabtitfes of system personnel (individually and as a crew) and thus
affect pcrformarm shoufd be evaluated. Sensory, cognitive, and physiological fimiratiora? shall be
considered, as ap@caMe, -1-beWork&ad aaal~ abalf dcriRc nperatiortal sequences agd task
rimes. Preliminary workload estimates shall correfate mision segmen~ with crew tasks for each
rasfr oompwem (.ia@ audimry. mntsrr. cognitive) telatcd to time, workload, mental efforr, and
chologieat srres. A cotiecrive workload esirnase for ach crew member shalf be defiied in a
I F&on @t@cmwworMoadto kmhti Somissimraegment(a).

5.1.3,4 ~ Hurttan-sysfcm interface design incom atibifities and excessive

skilUphysical re@rcmertrs, identified by analysis of tasks, analysis o /“”crttrcal tasks, or workload
analysis, shall be corrected by changing design or restructuring tasks to preclude degmdeti human
performance resulting from task or workload factors.

5,1.3.5 Timeliness mrd availability. Armfysa of tasks shall be modified as rwquired to remain
current with the design efforf and shall be avaitable m rlre procuring acriviiy.

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5. J.4 ~. Human engineering principka and criicriri

shall be applied to system and subsjjstem designs represented by design crileria documents,
specifications, drawings, and dala, such as functional flow diagrams, system and subsystem
schematic block diagrams, interface control drawings, overall Iayoul drawings and related
applicable drawings provided in c,ompfiance witfr contract data re@-emenLs. ~e pmfimioW
sysr.em and subsystem confrgursnon and arrangement shoufd satisfy human-system performance
requirements and comply whfr applicable criteria of MIL-SID- 1472 as well as orkr human
enginceriog criteria specified by the contract-
. . . .
5.2 ~ During derail design, the human engineering inputs,
made in complying with Ure analysis mqti”merms of 5.1, as well as other approprirde human
engineering inputs, shafl k conveti imo detail engineering design features. Design of Use
equipment shall satisfy human-sysrcm performance nxprimmerrrs and meet the applicable criteria of
MILSTD-1472 and otfrer human engineering criteria specified by the contract Human
cngineerhg requirements for testing lhe system or equipment shall be considered during design,
and shall ir!clude such factors as verifying proper operation, defining need for maintenam% and
affocatirrg adequate space for lest personnel to perform their tasks. Humam engineering provfsiorrs
in the equipment shall be evalrraied for adequacy durirrg design reviews. Personnel assigned
human engineering raponsibiliries by the contractor shall participate in de.@r reviews and
eng- g change proposal reviews of equipment end items involving the human-system
interface.

5.2.1 ~ The mnsractor shafl conduct experimerm, @ (wh@rg

dynamic airordarion), and surdies req&d m resolve human errginwirrg and life supporl problems
S*KIC to the system. Experirnen~j tests, and studies should& perfor%d witi ac%d &ra io
rhe rxtrral (or reshstic simulation of lhe) user environment in order LOvalidsre dEsiszn Koala and
Fi
.. . Sysrmrspelformaoce. T&se Cxpemem draflbeaccmnpfistref-tii
tr3t&andsIudiLs dmely
mrmrrer .s0thar rheir maulrs may be irrcapomsad i9 eqrsipmenl dedgn and, If m%P4amy, Wed to !

‘4 revise initiaf function allocations. Any Signifzarrt human mgimering or Iife soppurt problem.
deemed to be resolvable only by major ex@menS. tesI. or study efforl, ahaff be broogbi to dre
rwnriorr of the prccunng activity and shrrfl include the estimared effec[ on ti system if he problem I
is not resofved. Ttte p_brrnance of any mqjor study effon shall rq@e spprrsvaf by the prqcrrring
activity. To ensure that expcrirnenrs, -. and sordies do not dupli crrrmat or previously
condrrcled efforts Ibat may be germane to reaotving hrrmariengiaeerirrg problems, the applicability
and utility of the existing human engineering and orher relevrsm databases (e.g., generrd literature.
reseruch repons, study rtpons) shall be dcrermincd before initiating major efforrs.

5.2. I.I.I When required by the procuring activiiy, three rhmensionsl

kg. and computer-aMrxl dksigifcomprrfer-rdded rdanrifaCIuffng
(CAD/CAM) techniques shall be used to develop design of equipment . where human perfonnanu
win tw~ ~~ fX?mpu&
models should be able 10 provide a suiurbk range of body siz%, clothing, and p&urcs for
cvaluaiion rsl propwcd designsand &sign changes in rerrns of compatibility with whole lrcdy fil
find acccw; Iingcr, hand. arm, foot, leg and other access and reach; visual field: and stmrgrh.
Computer rrto&ts should nor be used for com@mce testing of human perfomranco and huinan
crnginccring design. When wed for predictive ~suclr m&should~Auce sUsrraleand
empirically rcpw[ahlc. valid mI1puLs. Computer mnde.ls. rapid prowyping, and CAD/CAM shall
he uccessibk m rhe prrxxsring activily ra-rrlshall, as applicable, be iivailabIe during dAgn reviews.

5.2.1 .1,2 ~NW-djm~,nsjonRl mrrckup$ At the enrliesl rscticnl fn!inl in the devehfmre.nl
prwgram and well Ixfore fabrication of syshm proIosypes. r u}l-srmle threedinrensional mockups of
cquipmcm involving critical human ~.rtimnrmcc shall he wmsm]ctce!. The mnckups shall Irc
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MIL-STD-46X55

constructed sufflcierwly early to ensure thnt results of human engineering evslmlirms errn intloerree
design. The mockups shall be no more c!lahomk or expensive lhan is cssemisd to mpmscm [hose
aspects of dre hummr-system irrterfrwc to be evalrraied. These mcckups shall frruvide u b~$is for
resolving operational and maintenance access, woIIcspriL%.and related human crrgirwering
problems, and incorporating solutions inm system design. In those design areus involving critical
human performance and whtm human performance measurements are neea.sary, Iisnciiunrd
mockups shdf be developed only upon approval by the prccunng activity. Ttw mcckups shafl k
available for inspexxion as tfeoxrnined by the procuring activity. Disposition uf mockups, ufter
they have sewed the purposes of the control, shufl be us directed by Lhe procuring activity.

5.2.1.1.3 ~. Scide models maybe used to supplement three dimcnsiormi computer

models, rapid pmtotyping, CAD/CAM. or mockup kxhniques, but shall not bc substimted for
mockups wifhorrt approvrd by the prccunng activity.

5.2.1.2 ~ Dynamic mockups, also known as cnginecnng simulimxs (fufl

-scale physical modefs which s~mulale functions), may h used when stslic, three-rhmmrsional
mcckrrpa are inadcquarc for assessing humrm performance in the design of wropkx systems.
These moekrrps may be used ro (a) evnhrme operMw gwocedures and e@pmemAyxmtur imerfsws.
and identify any potentially urwde proeedrum and unacceptable workload demurrds, (h) evidualc
h non-mechsnicaf aspects of a design. such as control dyrrarrries, communicitliorrs, information,
ekcrmnic displays, and display fommts and (c) emulate the user-sysrem perfmnumce 10derive
estimates of performance for sftemare design corrtlgrrrstiosrs and coat-effectivenw evuhmtions of
vshebfa rmnpower, pemosrsa4.and tmisdng parameters. White she simukdion quipnrcm is
imended for use as a desigo tool, ifs design should eorrsider SIWofrporlunily 10 transition
Technology 10 srrbsqserrt training simrslarcm.
*
5.2.2E r’ Human engiseerirrg priacipkx ad cderia shall be &tccred by -.
the engineering drawings and CAD represenrndorss to ensrrre drar tie find prokt can he
etlxtively, eff.ierstfy, mfistbfy, and safely used and maintained. l%e foflowing drwvings arc
included svatenr Invwt. mrrel Iavorn. conrrol. communication svakm. individual muirrmemt @‘ /
design, arrd-o&r d~wirr~s de icing &fuip~L important to sysk?m o&_ation mrd rnttintennnce by
trwmssl ~ .Daaign#&&uiby a@Arswissg& w comply wish ap@ic@c m-itm-irl of
MXL-~-1472 and other humarr rmgineerirg erimria specifrr by the cmnm .1. Perauimcl uaaigned
huroau engkering reqihibifily by the eorrtrsctor shall review rdl layouts mrd rfmwi~s hsvir+g
poientisl impsxi on human performance or inrerface and shaft identify & corrective adiurr hose
designs which may induce humasr error or be unsafe.
.. .
5.2.3 ~ Humao errgineexing principles
and criteria shsfl be applied to detail design of work environrnema. crew SSAons. ml [xilides to
be @bysyarem persomel. DsMngs, .sp@iitions, @ other documenmli~ln 1)1work
environment. crew stations and facilities shall rehem incmporarion uf human ci}ginccriog
requirements and compliance with applicable criteria of MIL-STD- 1472 nnd (Ilhcr humus
4—.....
engineering cnfena spt55e~ffii95mmcf”13estgtrmT~ ;Crcwxrrrr%m -Urrd
facilities whxh afTect human performance, under normal, unusual and emergency condi&ss, shall
consider at Iesst the following where applicabtet

a. Atmospheric considerations. such as corrrposilion, volrrrrse. pressure und ammd I’OJ

decompression, Wmpemmmbtrmidiry Srndair R’ow.

b. Weather and climate aspccIs. such as min. hail, snow,mud, arctic, dti.sun, A Lropic
conditions.

c. Range of accdern!irm forces. posi[ive and negative, including linear. angulur, urn! radial.

Ill
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MIL-sTD-46tf55

d. Acoustic noise (steady state and impulse), vibration, and impact forox

e. Provision for human performance during weightfesaness.

f. Prevision for minimizing disorientation.

g. Adequate space for personnel, their movement and their equipmenL

h. Adeauare ohvsicaf. visuaf. and auditcm interface between oersonnel and their ectuipment
including eye ~sitib~s in relation ~ display sur%rcea, controls, and”errremaf visuat areas.-

i. Safe and efficient wsfkwfIys, stairways. platforms, and inclines.

j. Provisions for minimizing physiological stresses.

k. Protilons to minimi.u physicaf fatigue.

L Effects of clothing and personaf equipmenL such as full and psrtird pm.ssrrm suits, fuel
handler suits, body armor, chemica.1/lioIogical clothing and equipmerm cold weather clothing, md
temperature regulated clothing.

m. E@pment handfing provkiona, including remote handfing provisions and toots when
materiet and environrnem nxfurm them.

n. Safe and emorpmof equipment installations.

o. PmecWXIC&Xlmblllblylodcal, toxicological, I’sdiigicd+ - ~

elecrncaf and e

p. Optimum Wxninadon commenstrmte with anticipated visuaf tasks.

q. Wfenaxe and stnrage equipment (i.e., oxygen, water, and food), and provision for
refuse managemerw

r. Crew safety prrm-cfive restraints (shoulder, lap and le resoaim sywems, ineriia reefs,
and sirnifar item) in relation to missionphaseandcontroland &Y.-..
s. Adequare space, cIeararN%, and fayout for normal ingm.sdegrf=w ~d emergencY _
from crew worirstations and akraft crewatationu
.. . . .. . .. . .. .. -, -,.
5.2.4 ~ -fhe prWMotts of
Wfo~W%.@%@, ~dpmwment ificadons,’prepared by the contractor, shatl irrvofm
appfiifehumaner@&r@’@ifEfiio%~=W?Z ~---
s@liedbythecantrscL

5.2.5 ~. Based upon the human performance functions and msks

identified by human engineering anafyat?s (5.1 herein), the contmctor shsli appfy human
engineering ptincipks and crffeffs to the devefopmenr of pmcedww for operating, mdairkg, or
otherwise using the system equipment. Thii effort shalf M accomplished to ensore that the human
functirrs and,.msks identifie~ tlqmgh.human engineering analysis w or?tia and seq~nmd for
efficiency, safety, and relia~~y:~o prnvide in-~L ‘io-UitZogiS~-SUppOrt’~ where
m@@ and to msme tf=tdweaulwef~ +rfkaiiiullkl~.tfmdcvcklpmerrt of
opemtional. training and technical publications.

11
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MIL-STD-46855

5.2.6 ~ llre contractor shafl apply human engineering principles to

software desiin in those systems where software determines part of [he human interface. Software
that affects controls and displays shall be evafuated for its impact on the human-system interface.
Automated system functions requiring human monitoring or intervention shall be considered as
part of dre human-system interface. Multifunction controls and displays that vary in function a
depending on system software shafl also be considered to be pm of the human-system interface.

5.2.7 %. Human exrgkering shall be appfied to the development of mairrtensrrw. and

training manuafs (ekctrotic or had-copy) to ensure fhorougftness, feduricaf trcasracy, mritable
format of information presentation, appropriate reading Ievtl, technicaf sophistication required, and
clarity, including qtrrrfity of ifhtstrations.
. . .
5.3 ~ The caroactor shall estabtish and conduct a
test and evaluation program to (1) ensure fuffillr&rrt of the apfrUcable reqrrirementa herein, (2)
demonsrrm.e conformance of system, equipment, and fzility dc.@r to human engineering design
crituiic (3) rxmfirm compliance witfr system performance mqrirements where fmmonnel
performance is a sysem performance detcrrninanc (4) secure quantitative measomaofsystern
performance which are a formknr oftk human interwxiorr with @pmertG and (5) &ermitw
**I undesirable MIgn or pmcduraf features have been intrcdrrced. Maximum use ahalf M
made of the data collected from experiments, tests, and studies (see 5.2.1). (The fact that these
functions may occur at various stages in system, subsystem, or equipment development shttfl not
preclude finaf human engineaing verifkatioo of the complete systetu Both opczatff and
maimerramx @m ahafl be perfornkxt as &scribed in approved test plans during the final system
test.)

5.3.1 ~ Human e@recring restiw shaft be incorporated imo the system test and
evacuation program and shaff be integrated mm engineering d=ign and developrnant @l&
comraaor demonstradon& ~t tesrs, acceptance rem and other developmem rests. Compliance
with hum&r engioeaiag tquimnems @ll k ~tcd as early as possible. Human engineering
findings from design reviews, mochrp inspections, demonstrations and orher early
engineering tests shall be used in pfanning and conducting later tests. Human engineering test
●
pfanningsftslf kedirectedtowatd urifyingtMrt dresystemcatr baoperatdma&u&wA suppmW
and controtk4 by user personnel in ils intended operational environment Human engineering test
plannii should sdao coosider data needed or to b provided by operational test and evaluation.
Test plarrrdng shafl include metttods of testing (e.g., use of checklists, data sheds, test participant
descriptors, questionnaires, operating procedures, and rest procedures), dwdufes, quamiralive
measures, test criteria and reporting ~.

5.3.2 ~ The human engineering test and evacuation pi+, shrdf be bnplemented
upon approvsl by Ute “pro&r@ acdvity. Tcsr ~ i@g.,cha@U& Lbtlaahceta,rrst
p~lp?ltlt descriptor, qoedo +, operating procedures, and test procedures) sfralf be
avaihbkat*lest5 ire. ~-~ L=USM.kbde tM@f@!g:

a. Performance of mission or work, or a simulation thereof if aCNd perforrnrmcc is not

possible.

b. Cdical.ti & &&d io MU-STD-1908.

c. A reprcartative ssmple of non-critical, scheduled and unscheduled maintenance tasks rhat

ttonotrt@czrcttre *sckere&fer++m fw&&v&l@&wwsuim

d. Propo.&d job aids, new equipment training programs, frafttlttg e@pmmrt, and ~
support equipment.

o
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MIL-sTf)-46x5s

e. Use of personnel who are (I) represemative of tic range of Ore intended mifilary user
populations in terms of skills, six, and swength, (2) wearing suilable military garments and
equipment which are appropriate to rhc tnsks. imd (3) appmvcd by the procuring activity. (Use of
● military personnel fmm the intended user population is preferred.)

f. Collection of sask performance data in actual operatioml environments, or in sirmrfated

environments if such collection is not possible in the actual operatirsg environment

g. Identification of d~pancies between required and obtained task performance.

h. Criteria for aczeprable performance of the resL

5.3.3 ~ “ . WI failures occurring during WI and evacuation shalf be

subjected so a human engineering review to differentiate between failures (a) of equipment afone,
(b) resulting fmm human-system incompatibilities, and (c) due to human error. Human errors
mewing in the performance of criticaf tasks during resI and evacuation shalf be anafyzed to
detemhre du reason for* ocmmmce. The conuactor shall idcndfy to rhe prwmirrg activity
Ihow design chamtmW “ “CSor procedures which may ccmoibure substantiaffy to human error and
shafl propose conective action.

‘e
13
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MI L-STD-46855

6. NOTES

(This section conrains inf’ormmimr nl’ a general or cxplarmtory nature that may be helpful, but is
not mandatory.)
●
6.1 ~. This stnrrdrud is intended for use to specify human engineering makkrg
requirements for mililary systems, equipmenf. and facilities, cited contractually in starcmenrs of
work. 1[ may be invoked in its entirety or selectively as prescribed by the procuring activity. 77re
primary use of this standard for procurement does not necessarily preclude ifs utilization for in-
horrse efforts, where desired. Compliance with this stmuhd wiff provide tie prearring activity
witfr assurance of positive management control of the human engineering effort required in the
development and acquisition of military systems, equipment, and facilities. Specifically, it is
intended to ensure rhac

a. system requirements are achieved by appropriate use of the human comporrenL

b. through proper de&gn of equipmenL software, arrd environment. the pcrsonnel-

quipmentlaoftware combination meets system pmformarrce goafs,

c. design features will not constitute a harard to personnel,

d. trade-off points helween automated vs mamraf operation have hem chosen for peak
sysrem efficiency within appropriate cost limits,

e. human engineering applications are technically adequate,

f. the equipment is designed to faciIirate required maintenance,

I
g. procedures for operating and maintaining equipment are efficient, rdiable, arrd safe,

h. potendrd error-inducing equipment &sign feamres am mirrimii, and

I
i. the tayout of the facility and rfre arrangement of equipment affords effkient
communication and use.

6.2 ~ When rhii standard is used in acquisition, the applicable issue of the
DODISS musl be cited in”the solicitation (see 2.1.1 and 2.2).
~
6.3 Q m.

6.3. I -. The following Data Item D-tiom (DfDs) must be listed. as applicable, on
the Contract Dnta Requirement List (DD Form 1423) when this standard is applied on a contrac~ in
I order to obtain the dam except where DOD FAR Supplement 227.475-1 exempts the requirement
for a DD Form 1423. For tailoring, see Appendix A.
I
I Bc&yL__mumbL DID Title
D1-HFAC-80741A Human Engineering Regress Report
4:2 DI-HFAC-80740A Human Engineering program Plan
5.1 14fu 5.1.2 D1-H.FAc-&07-lSA Huuwn F@uccrkag Sysur An@& Rcpnrt
S. 1.215 .1,415.2 Di-HFAC-80746A Human Eng@iwing Design Approach Document-operator
5. 1.2/5. 1.4/5.2 DI-f-lFAC-80747A Human Engmeerhg Design Approach Docrrmem-Mainrairrer
5.1,3.2 f)l-HFA(_’-Xl399 Critical Task Anrdysis Report
I 5.2.1.2 DI-HFAC-X0742A Human Enginccrirrg Simulation Plan
●
14
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MIL-STD-46X55

5.3 DI-HFAC-80743A Human Engineering Test Plan

5,3 DI-HFAC-80744A Human Engineering Te-sI Report

The above DIDs were thow cleared as of the date of this standard. l%e current issue of DOD
5010. 12L, Acquisition Management Systems smd Data Rquiremen& Control LUI (AMSDL), mus[
be researched to ensure that only current, cleared DIDs are cited on the DD Form 1423.
. .
6.3.2 ~ Consistent with the policy to eliminate or signiticantty reduce
functional data rquirementsl the preferred approach is to state the requirements (e.g., planning
information, such as design plan or production plan) in the request for proposal and to rquire the
contractor to describe the approach for satisfying these rquiremenrs in his proposaf.

6.4 ~. See Appendix A.

. .
6.5 ~~1 w 0.

-
Desii and development
E@fsment procedures
Dynamic simulation
Mockups, dynamic
Mockups, three~lmensionrd
Models, computer
Models, scale
Simulators, engineering
Task iuIid@s
Tess and evahradon
Work environment
Workfoad Sna.fysis

6.6 ~ s s Marginal notations were not used in this revision 10

idcndfy changes wkh respect to she previous issue (MIL-H-46855B) due to she extensiveness of
the changes. (Appendix B correlates each paragraph of the standard with topical quiwdents of
MfL-H-46855B.)

I
1.

!0
15
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MIL-STD-46855

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MIL-STD-46855

APPENDD( A

SELECTION AND TAILORING GUIDE FOR MIL-STD-46855

I 10 SCOPE

10.1 -. This appendix provides (a) guidance and criteria for the procuring activity’s
s?iection of the standard for conwact use and, when used, (b) the partiaf and incrernentaf
application of the requirements frroviSons.

10.2 Af@@il@. This appendix provides guidance information ordy and is no way intended
to be involved as a conmactwd document other than by possible use of Table 1 as a reference

20 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

20-1 ~

20.1.1 ~. The following standards form a part of this

Appendix to the extent specified.

I MILITARY STANDARD

MfL-STD-280 - Definition of Item Levefs. Item hterchangeabiity,

ModeJs, and Refated Terms

MfL-S’lD 1478 - Task Perfo~ Alafysis

(T.Jnlessotherwise indicated, copia of fedemf and mifitsry s~lcations, standards, and

handbooks are avaifable from the Standardization Docurnenrs Order Desk, Building 4D, 700
Robbins AVeUU& Phifa&P~ PA 191 11-5094.)
. .
20.1.2 ~. l%e foffowing document
I forms a part of this Appendix to the extent specified:

AD -1410 Aeronauricaf Daui Design for Maintainer program

Re@remenrs
.
Appkurn for capiM should lx addressed to Commander, Naval Air Systems Command.
Cod: 5313, Washington, DC 10361.)

30 APPLICATION OF MfL-STD-46855

30.1 f&JEQL Sektion of MKL-SIIX16855 for ap Iication to contracts for military systems,
equipmen~ and facilities is dependent upon the nature o ! the materiel in terms of operational and
mission maintenardsupporl functions, the degree to which human interface is involved with
materiel, including sottivare, and the aqrrisidon phase hrvolved. SelectiorI of MffATD4855 is
generafly independent of sywem complexity, branch of military service involved, equipment duty
cycles sod. within practical limi~, cont~ct type, cost, nnd duration. and size of production lots.

3t12 ~ prior to appiying k +plitiIAm gui4 ductikd by paragraph 40. a

decisirm mus[ firti be mak whether or not to use MIL-STD-46855, prescribe it as a guide, or
‘o revoke it as a mandatory contruc{ provisitm. (.)nly afwr a carcful]y cwrsidcrcd &cision is made m
 OBJECTIVES TYPICAL USE FOLLOW-UP

Will the mater)el envlfdon.d by

NO
the proposed corrtract perform
an operational function?

30.2.1

Will the material ●nvleloned by Review by the procudng

NO
the propoead contract Involve activity’s humeri factore
eigniflcant human Inttrrfeos for’ engJneerlng staff
operation/maintenance/control?
30.2.4

v
Does the RFP, spaciflcatlon, or Review by the procuring
z
other requirement document NO activity’s human factors
state ayslem partormanos ● engineering staff
requlrfmemts or goats for
which human performance is ?3024
. .
or can be a determinant?
I 1 I
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30.2.3
Proceed to application
YES metdx’
b
b i
o

EE5zrl “ pmfembfy accomplished

the produring activity’s human
by

factors engineering staff.

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MIL-STO-46XS5

invoke MIfAT’D-46855 should the application matris be applied. selection for use should
consider the following provisions, as shown in the selection guide decision process of Ilgute 1.

● 30.2.1 ~ Selection of MIL-SID-46855 for a specific contract is

dependent upon the nature of the &rd-item, materiel, or system in terms of irs ability to perform
operatiorud and misQon mainremnce/supporr functions. Generafly, the standard:

a. should not be.considered for use in contracts for parls, subassemblies, or units as defined
in MfLSTD-280, bul

b. should be considered for use in contracts for seta, subsystems, and systems, as defined
in MfL-STO-280, and for facilities.

The tarionafe for this initial screening is that parts, subassemblies, assemblies, and unils typicafly
are not produced to perform arr opemrional function, but cart be used as elemenrs of different sets,
subsystems, etc., which produce differwtt desired operational functions. The contractor furnishing
such items (e.g., tmnsforrnera, wheel bwring& amplifii) has nO cootrol OV~ the diverse MS to
which they witt be apptied or knowledge of the human performance requirements implicit in such
uses. Accorrhgly, it is not generally reasonable to invoke MILSTD-46855 for ptuta,
subasaembties, assemblies or units.

30.2.2 ~. selection of MIL-STO=46855 for application to a

S@IC contract is sensitive to the extent of humao involvement or interface for operation,
maintenance, control, ttansport, andbr strelrer. Genemfly, the arandard should not be considered
for use in contracts for materiel where human involvement or interface is not anticipated or is
obviousty i.rrsignilicanL Where bumrm involvement or interface is anticipated and is not obviously
insigrrifictmL the standard shoold be selected.

‘a ~~t
30.2.3 ~
afion, M~-STD-4r5855
If, for a specific W or simik
has survived & tests of 30.2.1 and 30.2.2$ ita Axtion
non-selection should be based on stared performance requirements. If the RR, specitlcation or
or

other rcqtrirensent document states performance requirements or gosfs, such as time and error, for
Which human performance can maaooably be conaidemd as a dMerrrrinarst or cmstribmor, MIL-
SID-468S5 should be empfoyed. On the odrer has@ if swcb pafcmnance r@scmem to which
human performance conrribtsses are nor atiputared, the awndard should be corxskkmd for use N a
guide.

30.2.4 ~ At this poinL use of the standard as a requirement,,citation as a

guide, .w nors+ectiors as &“ing not applicable ahsdl have been tesUatively Wermd. Ifrhe
p- actwtty’s human errgmeering speci~ts.hsve nor afready been involved in dris deciaion-
msdnng process, they must be consulted at dus pwm to ensure that the standard fs not erroneorsaly
involved or waived. Should results of this review disclose that the standsmtf should not be used or
should be appfied only as a general gufde, the proctss is corn@e@ however, ifmsrits of dris
review ccmcfude that the standard should be invoked, the tailoring processor paragraph 40 mual be
pttrmred.

40 TAILCMUNG OF MfL-STD-4685S

40.1 m. The primary purpose of a human engineering program and, tfrercfom, MIL-
~8S5 is 10 influence the design of the svstem, equipment, and factility--not to generate
doctrrnenraiion. Accordingly, with fhe exwpfion of vflfdatfott erfurrs, any cmemive m
. ..
wwtMMMY.&or &wnawMs daaL&.MI cnnlr&u& tcdcsigo OHM crnergrafter dcstgn carmot
be changed arc undesirable because they am wasteful and drain resmsrces from accomplishment of

19
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MfL-STD-46855

needed effort. Accordingly, every human engineering task must focus on influencing design and
twt. consistent with the nature of the procurement rmd the acquisition phase involved.

40.2 ~ “ Table I provides guidance to facilirnte tailoring the provisions of MIL

●
STD-46855. llse tailoring matrix should be rwd consistent with the following explanations and
guidefines:

40.2. I ~ lle field of the taiforing matrix utifizes coded symbots to describe
use of the generaf atquiremen”s and detaited requirements during this acquisition phase. indkated by
the location of the symbol. llrese symbols are defined as folfows:

a. E Provision in effect
b. - Provision used at conrrwto<s option
c. M Modillcadon of provision

Provisions of the SCOPE, APPLICABLE WCUMWIX and DEPfNiTIONS szxtiorrs are

afways considered 10 be in effecL

40.2.2 ~. llre numbers shown in the left column represent paragraph numbers of
the standard.

4023 ~. Tire top of the mauix provides a descri@mr for rouping of requirements. l%e
acquisition phasedesignators establish a basii for determining appf cabdrty
~~ to each phase of the
acquisition process.

40.2.4 ~ The right column shows the Wlftioms of provisions appficable to

LIE acquisition phase for which “M” is shown in tie field

40.2.5 ~
human eogimzriog,
. . .
For Army acquisitions, if the procuring activity’s
test and evaluation, tmining; or manpower representative requires extensive
●
U&rardgaisdaurv iaadetaikedtipdormmce aoaiyfiraporlwi mprwribedcartten tand
fomrr& aud re@res spitied aa+lyais prrramerms to be included in the - MfL~1478 and
DI-HFAC-81 197 should be invobd by the statement of work and the eormacr data
fist. nXPectively. AS noted by the asterisks in Table I, when MIL-S’lD-1478 and DI-=97
are specifi@ 5.1.3.1 (analysis of tasks) and 5.1.3.2 (analysis of critical tasks) do not apply and
should tX taih’ed out of the SttUdSld.
..
40.3 ~

40.3.1 “ . The citation of the sppfication matrix constitutes a required

c&&4r&&$&~&%&D415855.
. .
4032 Procuring activities may alter the maoix field by identifying the
qXciiicay%&%#%%eRFPor eontraW

40.33 ~. Urrfess otherwises cifled by the procuring activity, contractors shall

rr9e the appropriate tailored veraion of the sran~d,titica~dbytiematix, =ab~lheh the
preparadon of RFP respom%s and human engineering program planning. This does not preclude
the eemese+@wgw&& “$Abaf4a&uin& . .. . .

40:3.4 ~ For evolraUort~ dewbpmmof eider or cxist%g

systems. equipment. sm%vare and ftihties. the wtrndard will generally apply only to new designs
and procedures involving human interfaces arrd old designs, procedures and interfaces which rmiy
be impacted Urerehy. Old sysrcms undergoing improvmncw through cvolutimrary means will ●
 Downloaded from http://www.everyspec.com
MILSf’D-46X55

generally not have the srandmd apfrlictl m components retuincd and unaffected by such
evolutionary development techniques. his imponarrt so understand that there maybe exceptions to

●
this general rule; therefore, evaluation by the human engineering staff is considered extremely
advisable.

40.3.5 ~ Recognizing that product improvement actions may occur

during more than ooe acquisition phase and that product improvements can involve concept
exploration & definition, demonstration & validation, engineering and msnufactoring development
tasks or a combination of these, the procuring activity should tailor applicable potions of the
mati to the spe-cfic performance objectives of the product improvement program.

40.3.6 ~ ~ Mlgn changes affecting

human performamx during the production m’id deployment or rrpratmns and support phasea carL
fike product improvement actiom, involve concepturd concept exploration&definition,
demonstration & vrdidation, or engineering development human engineering tasks; therefore, the
procuring activity should tailor applicable portions of rhe manix to the apecitlc performance
objectiw%of dre-charigm. PcmicuW &lfrntion abould be direc@ reward failure anafysis,
quahry assurance. drawing review, and softwsm considemtions.

40.3.7 ~. Where an NDI is being ecquired, applicable

previsions of MIL-SID-46855 may be used to guide government in-house efforts (see 6.1).
Parsgmph 5.1.2 should be caoaidered to emwe rhar MIL-SID-1472 wiff be a part of tk selection
criteria for determining the suitability of the item; paragraph 5.3 and its aubpamgmpM sbordd be
considered. as applicable, to ve~ human system imegmt&. fnaddition, thenaMreoftbe NDI
pmgxa.rn will influence tailored, in-house use of the standard. Where an item requires minor
nmdikadon to meet the requirements of the procuring activity, and where the modification is
CfliV~ by hutrsart ~ or Wifl result in Significant human prxformalre e.fE=& applicable
analysis tnslm of 5.1, 5.2, ad Ureii subpamgraphs may be used for identifying and implementing

● the modifkadon.

40.3.8 ~ AD-1 4 fQ. For Naval aviation systems and equipment design for
~@g@iO.0 within NavSf a@raft, design for maintainer analysw and data review pmcessM are
required to comply with AD-141O, where appficabfe.
.
40.4 ~. Procuring sctivititx are msponaibIe for assuring that the
marria m be applied to sac contracts has hem subjecled to human e@nwing review to ensure
consistency of ihe tailofid requiremems with human ~rformanee rwpr~-menra p-muant to the
I nature of the objeaives of rhe contmct

21
 TABLE 1. ~

AtilWKIN
F1-lhSEt
w -ST D-46~ PAFIA~PH o. -J EY?vr

t GENERAL FWXWtEMENTS 4.1.1 PHASE 1. Delete firet three sentences. Change fourth senferme to “Each teak that
rwef be ptwformad to fexor@ii albcated furtdiorw shatl be analyzed to daterrrime the
$.1 Scope and nature of work E E E human...’ Last line: Change “deai@ to %aIktetbn”

$.1.1 Ane$ds E M M 4.1.1 PfiASE Il. Same change aafor4.1.l PHASE 1, above.

$.1.2 De+n and devefopmenf M E E 4.1.2 PHASE O. Revise the title to reed, “~ “ In firaf
he, Ineart “Prellmtne~ ●t the ba@rrlng of tfm fkef sentence. In fowth line, cf&ge “detair
L 1.3 Teet and evetuetbn E E to “pretirnirmry.”

$.2 HE program *nnrng M M E 4.2 PHASE O. Line 2: Delete %qu@nent epecifiitbn” and substitute “mission need:

$.3 Risk Managwnwrt E E E 4.2 PHASE L Lirra 2: Delete “aqu@rrenf apeoifiitiorf and $ubstitute “overall pnxyam
objedves.”
w 4.4 Raviews E E E
N

4.4.1 Majot Iechnicaf raviews E E E

4.4,2 Sub9yalem reviews E E

!.5 Cogn”~e and cmotdination E E E

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1.6 Ma E E E 4.6.1 PHASE O. Lines 3-4: Dele* “design ●nd dwebpmenl- to the end of the sentence
and kreert “concqt tieabn.”
!.6.1 Treceabihy M M E
4.6.1 PHASE 1. Line 3. fnsart “prelknlrwy” after Wwough.- Lines 3-4: Delete the
t,6.2 ~ E E E verification” through end of aerdenoe and substitute “vafidetbn and demonstration.”

$.7 Subcolltretkrrs and euppliire E E E

4,8 Nondplicbtion E E E

tSY&?l Acqdiin Phases 0- IV me defined at the end of tfw table.

In EffaA
Used ●t wrfracbr’s diecrelbn
M, Modifii as noted
 TABLE L ~
●

m Is )N
I ~: t
MIL-STD4685 5 PAR$@I&H L L K Br?rf

5 DEIAILED flEOUIFfEMENTS : E E

5.1 Anaiytis E E E

5.1.1 Dafining and all-ing... E E

5.1.1.1 Information tlmvand ... E E

5.1.1,2 Es6msles 0! Folrnlial ... M E 5.1.1.2 PHASE O. Line 10 Dehste “design.”

5.1.1.3 Atbsslion d hmctions E E

51.2 Eqtiprnent aakwtion M E 5.1.2 PHASE O. Lb 2: Clmnge “design requirements” to ‘concepts.” Line 3: Change
“configuration” to “concapl-
!j 51.3 Ana&sisc4 tasks SIKI workkw E E E

5. .31 Analysis of tasks” E E E

5 .3.2 Aflaty9s OfCM tasks” E E E

5 .3.3 Wo rldoad ana#y9b E E E

Downloaded from http://www.everyspec.com

5.1.3.4 Corrective adion E E 5.1.3.5 PHASE 0. Line 2: Change “desgn” to ‘conceptual.’

5.1.3.5 Twnafiness and avaihbifify k M E 5.1.3,6 PHASE 1. Line 2: Change “design” to %aliiation’

51.4 Prelmitwy sys4ern ard N M E 5.1.4 PHASE O. Lme 2: Change ■ designs” to “concapt documarlation” and delete w
much of Bnes 2-5 that reads %preeantad. ..wtih contract data requirement s.”
5.2 HE in &ail des~ E E
5.1.4 PHASE 1. Lii W Delete all mstetil on tine 8 fol!awing “MIL-STD-1 472.’
5.2.1 Espmifaenls, Iaas, and... E E E

1. Paragraphs5.1.3.l eti5.1.3.2*mt~p& tinMlL-STD-l47BatiDl-HFAC-8ll97am~fiAforAmyacquitions.

ty Acqubfikm Phases 0- IV are de~med at end of table

In Efisct
Uaad at contractor% diacmt”km
 ,.
TABLE L ~

)
I AC Is IN
P
VIL-STD-468S5 PAFWGFWPH 4 ? L lmvI1-’mfwTFDBv?b’T

5.2.1.1 Cur@ler graphics ,,. E E E

5.2.1 .1.1 COW gra@ics Models E E E

5.2.1 .1.2 Thre@knans fWXhllpS E E

5.2.1 .1.3 Soale modeki E E

5.2.1.2 DWadcsirnutation... E E

5.22 Engrneeting dn#ngs.., E E

5.2.3 Work environment... M E E 5.2.3 PHASE 0, Delete lines 1-6 through “by the ccmtract. Line 6 Delete ‘Design of.”
Line 7: A&t ‘concegts” after “facifitiee,”
1; 5.2.4 HEin... $wit%tbns E E

5.2.5 Prm?dute cbvekprnanl E E E

5.2.6 SoItvarq develqwmwt E E E

5.3 Pt+ASE 1, Lines 2-4: Change (2)10 “demonstrate that human performance technical
5.3 HE in test ar-d evabstbn. M E riaka have been identified and Ihet adtiione are defined.”

M E 5.3.1 PHASE 1. Line 2: Change “engineering design and development teats” to ‘into
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5.3.1 Planning,
~aliiatbn and demonstration teat planning. ‘ Delete line 3 through ‘development tests.”
5.3.2 Imptemsrnmtbm E E

5.3.3 Failure ad error aneJysla E E

tam!ul mm
E In Effect O: Cum@ Explomlkm 6 OmhMon.
Used * contractor’s discretion 1: Omonaha@n & Vafkklion.
M Modifid as ndad 11: b@ra@lJarhl Mam@tstnJOev81qsnalt
III: Pr@udion & Lhp@mart (Not sovared ty Tabb. 94 40.3.6,)
IV: @matbns & 3uwott. (Not covered try TsLV8.Sm 49.3.6.)
 ●
APPENDLX B .

MIL-H46S55B/MIL-STlN6S55 PARAGR4PH AND DID CORRELATION

FOR DOD-HDBK-763 USERS

MIL.H-46866B MIL.STD-46855

FCT MBA SUBJFGT

SCOPE 1 I

Scope 1,1 1.1 Scope

Applkabilii 1.2 1.2 APPIlcabiliy
I .3 Appkalbn guidance

APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 2 2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

~
2.1 Government duxmenta r
2.1 2.1.1 Saecificalione. etandrmls. and handbooka ,>
2.1.2 her Govemrnerrt dcrc~ents, drewinga. d
2,2 Order of precedence k
~
DEFINITIONS (See E@matiwr d Term k? Notes, below) 3 DEFINITIONS (See Explar@in oi Terms in Notes) u

REQUIREMENTS 3
General ~iremeti 3.1 4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Scope ard nature of woti 3.1.1 4.1 Scope and nature of work
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Anelyais 3.1.l.a 4.1.1 And@

Deeign and davebpent 3.1.l.b 4.1,2 Design and development
TaeI and evaluation 3.1.1.C 4.1.3
Human engirmering program piaming 3.1.2 4.2
4,3 Risk management
4.4 Reviawe
4.4.1 Majj technical reviews
4.4.2 Subsystem reviewa
Ccxgnizmce and coordination 3.2.4 4.5 Cognizarwe and wordination
Data Requirements 3.3 4,6
TraceaMlly 3.3.1 4.6.1 Traoaatilii
Acceaa 3,3.2 4.6.2 Aooeea
Nondu~icallon 3.1.3 4.8 Nonduplication
4.7 Subc0ntraotor9 and suppliers
 MIL-H-46S56B MIL-sTD-4f1855

CT Pa&3 SUBJECT

Oetail requirements 3.2 5, OETAILED REQUIREMENTS

Analysis 3.2.1 5.1 Analysis

Defining and akxating system Iwsc4bna 3.2.1.1 5,1.1 Oetining and albceling system Iunctians
Information fbw and processing arwtysis 3.2.1 .1.1 5.1.1.1 Infomsatbn flow end processing anatysis
Estinwdaa d tmtential cmerabr/titainer mxeseing capabilities 3.2.1 .1.2 5.1.1.2 Estimates of potential operatorhnaintainer ..
Allocation d iurrdbns 3.2.1 .1.3 5.1,1.3 albdcm of Iunchna
Equipment sebstion 3.2.1.2 5.1,2 Equipnrd selection
Analysis of tasks 3.2.1.3 5.1.3 Andyab d tasks and woddoad
Gmse err+sof _ 3.2.1 .3.2 5.1.3.1 Amltyeb of taak9
Anaf@e d aitiil tasks 3.2.1 .3.2 5.1.3.2 xd;~~; ta*
wWkJmrJanalysis 3,2.1.3.3, 5.1.3.3
5.1.3.4 CornxWe adion
Canourfenw and evnifabifii 3.2,1 .3.4 5.1.3.5 T~ and availability z
Preliminary aysfam and subsystem design 3.2,1.4 5.1.4 Pmfinrlnaw wstem and subsvatem desion F
-,
Humeri Engineafing in Equipmenf de~il design 3.2.2 5.2 Human engh%e’rirsg in detail d~lgn “
,.& Studies, esperfments. and Iabombry tests 3,2.2.1 5.2.1 Experiment, tesIe, and studii
5.2.1.1 3
Mackupa and models 3,2.2 .1.1 ~#e~*~O Mockups, and scale models
5.2.1 .1.1 ~
5.2.1,1.2 TQeM~ey=icmal mockups u
w
5.2.1.1.3
Dynanic simulation 3.2.2.1.2 5.2.1.2 Cvnamic moskuo9
Eq@xmefS detail design drawings 3.2.2.2 5.2.2 En~naenng drew~ngs
Work erwkonmenl, craw stetiorts, end faciliiiae de.sgn 3.2.2.3 5.2.3 Wotlr ersvironment, crew stations, aml faailiiies
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design
Human engheeting in peticsrnance end design epecifiiations 3.2.2.4 5.2.4 Human engineering in performance and design
Equipment pmsedure devebpment 3,2.2.5 5,2.5 Pmcadure dsvebpment
5.2.6 Software development
5.2.7 Mends
Human en@secring in test and evaluation 3.2.3 5.3 Human engineering in teat and evaluation
Planning 3.2.3,1 5.3.1 Planning
Implememation 3.2.3.2 5.3.2 Implementation
Failure ena@s 3.2.3.3 5.3.3 Failure and error enatysis
Cognizacca tmd coordwtbn (See Wnerel r~irementa) 3.2.4 4.5 C#zance and mordinstion (embedded in)
Data requirermfds (See general reqdh?msnfa) 3.3 4.6
TmceabiIty ($ee genera! rsqdrements) 3.3.1 4.6.1 Traceability
Acoess (Sse general requiremenfe) 3.3,2 4.6,2 A=eas
Ora* ~rwml 3.4 5.2.2 Engineering drawings (embedded in)

●
 MI L- H-46a55B MIL. sTD-46a5s

SUBJFCT SUBJFCT

QUALITY ASSURANCE 4

PREPAFL4TKMI FOR DELIVERY 5

NOTES 6 6

Intended U9e 6.1 6.1 Intended use

Explanation of Terms 6,2 3 DEFfNITfCNS
Andyais of 124(a 6,2.5 3.3 Of her terms
Critical (hwrm) (oerbrmeme) 6.2.1 3.3 Other terms
Overall few drawings 6.2.2 3.2 Syafem Layouf drawings
panel fayoul drawings 6.2.3 3.3 Of her terms
System enghering 6.2.4 3,3 Of her terms
Human engitreering 6,2.6 3.1 Syslems engineering
Human factors &2.7 3.3 C4her terms
12 6,2.8 3.3 Of her terms
.4 Human pwfarmnse
Life Suppoti 6,2.9 3.3 Of her terms
System 6.2.10 3,3 Of her Ierms
6.2 Ieaue of DODISS
6,3 Date requirements
6.4 Taibring guidance
6,6 Suljed term (key word) fiiling
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6.6 Changee fmm previous issue

DID S.L!BJFCT _lkti_ RktlEfw SUB.f FCT

Humeri Errgirrtig Progam Pferr, 7051 80740A Human Engineering Program Pfan
Hurnerr Ergineer@ Dynamk Sirnufal”mn Pfan 7052 80742A Human Engineanng Oyrwrric !%rrufalion
Hun-m Errcjrmenng Test Plan 7053 80743A Human Engineetig Teaf Pien
Hu~n Eq@wrirrg ~mAnalysb Repxr 7054 80746A Human Engineering System Andyab Fleporf
Criitil Task Ahalysis eprt 7055 81399 Crifiil Task Anafysii Report
Human Errgineering Des@ Appro~h Dmnnent-operalor 7056 80746A Human Eng Design Approach Document-operator
Hurrmn Engineering Dealgn Approach Dosumenf-Meinfeiner 7057 60747A Human Eng Design Ax Dccumanl-Maintainer
Human Encjneenng Tesi Reprl 7058 80744A Human Engineering Teef Report
Human Ery$wenng Progreee Reput 7059 80741A Human Engineering Progress Reporf
 Downloaded from http://www.everyspec.com

MIL-.m-46855

CONCLUDING MATERIAL

Custodians Preparing activity:

Army -h’11 Army-Ml
Navy - AS
Air Force-11

Review activiti (Reject HFAC-0059)

Army - AR, AT, AV, CR, EA. ER, GL, ME, MD, MR. TE, TM
Navy - EC, MC, OS, PE, SH. TD
Air Force -13, 15, 19.24

User activities:
Army-AL
Navy - YD

Civ~tiM~g$S~:

DOL-TEC
DOT-FAA
EPA
NASA - MSF

28
 Downloaded from http://www.everyspec.com

STANDARDIZATION DOCUMENT IMPROVEMENT PROPOSAL

INSTRUCTIONS

The preparing activity must complete blocks 1, 2. 3, and & In block 1, both the document number and revision
D letter $hould be given.
2. The submitter of this form must complete blocks 4, 5,6, and 7.
3. The preparing activity mutt provide a reply wmhm 30 days from receipt of the form.
NOTE: This form may not be used to request copies of documents, nor to request waivers, or clarification of
requirements on current contracts. Comment> submitted on thk form do not constitute or imply authorization to
waive any potion of the referenced document(s) or to amend contractual requirements.
- + ~ ~~~~
. 1. 00 CUMINT NIAMES’R 2. 00CUMtNT OArE WVA4M021J
~~~~~~;~~~~,g~,
P!l L- STEF-46855 940526
00CUMEMT TITLE
lUlf4AN ENGINEERING REQUIREMENTS FOR MILITARY SYSTEMS, EQUIPMENT. AND FA~
NATURE OF CSSANGE (tintily puqaph numb, ●d hchd PKWOSR+m-ice, it PCSSk. An~h W- *CI - ~*d~.J

Asasoss Fon aEcoMMsnoATEaE

~4uv%u
NAME b TELEPHONE On&da hm Coda)
[1) Commercial (2) AUTOVOM
)IIM. Glenda Rogers
(205)876-6980 746-6980
__, —..
# vOU 00 NOT SUCSM A aEPIY WITltm 4$ OAM, COf31ACT:
~%~~’=@:;: ~omand
Oefense Quality 8nd Standa~d,ratiOmoffice
. . s203 LaaSburgPoke. SWte 1403. Fdh Church. VA 220413a66

~~~!ton#h’i!i6~~ i? E~tD-~t898-5270 Telephone{70JJ756.23’$4 AU1OVON 289-23~

. .. --— -- . . ) M,
, tOrf!I 14Zb, UC1 kEY P,. vmu, emrmm are OosofeIe