COMPUTER ORGANIZATION

A computer is a complex system; For analysis, understanding and design- Identify the
hierarchical nature of most complex system.
The behavior at each level depends only on a simplified, abstracted characterization of the
system at the next lower level.
At each level, the designer is concerned with structure and function. Structure- The way in
which the components are interrelated. Function- The operation of each individual component
as part of the structure.
Central Processing Unit-There are four functions of a computer such a Data processing, data
storage, data movement, and control. The main structural parts of CPU are the Control Unit
which controls the operation of the CPU and also the computer. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
which performs computers data processing functions. Register which provides storage internal
to the CPU. And the last one is the CPU Interconnection where communication among the
control unit, ALU, and register takes place.
Processor – Processor can be thought of executing the fetch-decode-execute cycle forever.
Memory-can be viewed as an ordered sequence of bytes. Each memory has an address.
Memory address is essentially the sequence number of the byte. Such memories are called byte
addressable. The two basic memory operations- Read operation (read from memory) and write
operation (write into memory).
Input/Output- I/O controller provides the necessary interface to I/O devices. It takes care of
low-level, device-dependent details. It also provides necessary electrical signal interface.