H&M

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This article is about the fashion chain. For other uses, see H&M (disambiguation).

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Hennes & Mauritz AB

Type Aktiebolag

Traded as Nasdaq Stockholm: HM B

ISIN SE0000106270 

Industry Retail

Predecessor Hennes

Founded 1947; 73 years ago (as Hennes)

Västerås, Sweden

Founder Erling Persson

Headquarters Stockholm

, 
 Sweden

Number of locations 5,076 (30 November 2019)[1]

Area served Worldwide

Key people Stefan Persson (Chairman)

Karl-Johan Persson (President and CEO)

Products Clothing, accessories

Revenue US$25.191 billion (2016)[2]

Operating income US$2.692 billion (2016)[2]

Net income US$2.106 billion (2016)[2]

Total assets US$11.139 billion (2016)[2]

Total equity US$6.919 billion (2016)[2]

Owner Stefan Persson (28%)[3]

Number of employees 126,376[a] (30 November 2019)

Subsidiaries Monki, Weekday, Cheap Monday, COS, & Other Stories,

ARKET

Website www.hm.com 

Hennes & Mauritz AB (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈhɛ̂nːɛs ɔ ˈmǎʊrɪts]; H&M [ˈhôːɛm]) is a Swedish multinational clothing-retail company

known for its fast-fashion clothing for men, women, teenagers and children. As of November 2019, H&M operates in 74 countries
with over 5,000 stores under the various company brands, with 126,000 full-time equivalent positions. [1] It is the second-largest
global clothing retailer, just behind Spain-based Inditex (parent company of Zara). The company has a significant online presence,
with online shopping available in 33 countries:[4][5]

Contents

 1History
 2Marketing and collaborations
 3Concept stores
 o 3.1COS
o 3.2& Other Stories
o 3.3ARKET
o 3.4FaBric Scandinavien AB
o 3.5Cheap Monday
o 3.6Monki
o 3.7Weekday
 4Labour practices
 5Other issues
 6Philanthropy
 7See also
 8Notes
 9References
 10External links

History
The company was founded by Erling Persson in 1947, when he opened his first shop in Västerås, Sweden.[6] The shop, called
Hennes (Swedish for "hers"), exclusively sold women's clothing. A store was opened in Norway in 1964.[7] In 1968, Persson acquired
the hunting apparel retailer Mauritz Widforss, which led to the inclusion of a menswear collection in the product range and the name
change to Hennes & Mauritz.[6]
The company was listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange in 1974.[6] Shortly after, in 1976, the first store outside Scandinavia
opened in London.[6][8] H&M continued to expand in Europe, and began to retail online in 1998, when it was able to buy the
domain hm.com from a company called A1 in a non-published domain transaction.[citation needed] The two-letter domain was registered in
the early 1990s, but data on the first registration is lost.[citation needed] The opening of the first U.S. store on 31 March 2000, on Fifth
Avenue in New York marked the start of the expansion outside of Europe.[6]
In 2008, the company announced in a press release that it would begin selling home furnishings. [9] Initially distributed through the
company's online catalog, there are now H&M Home stores located internationally.
Following expansion in Asia and the Middle East and the launch of concept stores including COS, Weekday, Monki, and Cheap
Monday, in 2009 and 2010, branding consultancy Interbrand ranked the company as the twenty-first most-valuable global brand,
[10]
 making it the highest-ranked retailer in the survey. Its worth was estimated at $12–16 billion.[11][12]
H&M operated 2,325 stores at the end of 2011, and 2,629 stores at the end of August 2012.[13] Its 3,000th store opened in
September 2013 in Chengdu, China.[14]

Countries H&M operates in (2015)

H&M store at the Pavilions Shopping Centre, Birmingham, UK

H&M Asia flagship store at Causeway Bay, Hong Kong

H&M Store at Costanera Center Shopping Center, Santiago, Chile.

Map of H&M stores in the U.S. and southern Canada, as of August 2011.

H&M Melbourne

Marketing and collaborations

In November 2004, selected company stores offered an exclusive collection by fashion designer Karl Lagerfeld. The press reported
large crowds and that the initial inventories in the larger cities were sold out within an hour, [15] although the clothes were still available
in less fashion-sensitive areas until the company redistributed them to meet with demand. [16]
In November 2006, the company launched a collection by Stella McCartney and, in November 2006, by avant-garde Dutch
designers Viktor & Rolf.
In March 2007, it launched another collaboration designed by the pop star Madonna.[17] In June 2007 the company worked with
game developers Maxis to create a stuff pack for the latter's The Sims 2 computer game, H&M Fashion Stuff.[18]
In November 2007, the company launched a collection by Italian designer Roberto Cavalli. It was reported that the clothing sold out
very quickly. Also in 2007, another design with Kylie Minogue was launched in Shanghai, China. [19] In the spring of 2008 the Finnish
company Marimekko was selected as guest designer and was followed by Japanese Comme des Garçons in the fall.
In 2008, H&M used the song "Hang On" by British singer-songwriter Lettie as background music to its UK website. [citation needed]
For spring and summer 2009, the British designer Matthew Williamson created two exclusive ranges for the company – the first
being a collection of women's clothes released in selected stores. The second collection saw Williamson branch into menswear for
the first time, only in selected stores. The second collection also featured swimwear for men and women and was available in every
company store worldwide.[20] On 14 November 2009, the company released a limited-edition diffusion collection by Jimmy
Choo featuring shoes and handbags, ranging from £30 to £170 including a range of men's shoes. The collection also included
clothing designed by Choo for the first time, many garments made from suede and leather, and was available in 200 stores
worldwide, including London's Oxford Circus store.[21] Sonia Rykiel also collaborated with the company, by designing a ladies
knitwear and lingerie range that was released in selected company stores on 5 December 2009.
For Fall 2010, the company collaborated with French fashion house Lanvin[22] as its 2010 guest designer.
In March 2011, the brand's clothing was featured in an interactive fashion art film by Imagine Fashion called "Decadent Control",
starring Roberto Cavalli, Kirsty Hume, Eva Herzigová and Brad Kroenig. For Spring/Summer 2011, the company collaborated with
fashion blogger Elin Kling, which was available at selected stores only. In June 2011, H&M announced a collaboration
with Versace that was released on 19 November. Versace also planned a Spring collaboration with H&M that was only available in
countries with online sales. Similar to previous collaborations, Versace agreed to let H&M use the renowned name of the company
for a previously agreed-upon sum, without actually having a role in the design process. [23] In November 2011, H&M announced a
collaboration plan with Marni, that launched in March 2012. The campaign was directed by award-winning director Sofia Coppola.[24]

Trompe-l'œil printed viscose jersey dress by Maison Martin Margiela for H&M, 2012

Lana Del Rey was the face of the fully plotted music video for the 2012 global summer collection, where she also sang a cover of
“Blue Velvet”.[25] On 4 October 2012, Japanese Vogue editor Anna Dello Russo launched an accessories collection at H&M as Paris
Fashion Week drew to an end. The collection was stocked in 140 H&M stores worldwide and also sold through the H&M
website[26] On 12 June 2012, H&M confirmed that it would launch a collaboration with avant-garde label Maison Martin Margiela for a
fall rollout. The Maison Martin Margiela collection for H&M hit stores on 15 November 2012.
Beyoncé was the face of H&M in summer 2013. Her campaign, which began in May 2013 was entitled "Mrs. Carter in H&M", and
drew heavily on Knowles' personal style. The singer also included the track "Standing on the Sun" form her 5th studio album as the
campaign soundtrack.[27] Isabel Marant was a collaboration designer for Fall 2013 and for the first time made a men's collection to
accompany the women's collection. The collaboration was sold out very quickly in cities across the globe and was heavily anchored
in sales online as well.[citation needed]
Alexander Wang was announced as a collaboration to be released 6 November 2014 across the world to a select 250 stores. The
announcement came during the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in California and will be the first collaboration with an
American designer.
Balmain was announced as the next collaboration with H&M. The collection was released on 5 November 2015. [28] The
announcement came from Balmain designer Olivier Rousteing's Instagram page. The 2015 Christmas campaign was in
collaboration with the pop star Katy Perry, who also sang the commercial soundtrack "'Every Day Is A Holiday".[29]
In November 2016, H&M released a designer line in collaboration with Kenzo.[30] That year H&M released an annual holiday movie
directed by Wes Anderson. Titled “Come Together”, the short film stars Adrien Brody as a train conductor who saves Christmas
after a blizzard delays the train’s arrival, making the few passengers on board miss part of the holiday. [31][32][33][34]
In February 2017, Zara Larsson designed a "playful, young, empowering and little glamorous" collection with H&M. [35] After 20
years, Naomi Campbell come back to collaborate for a global female empowerment commercial spot with H&M. She wore clothes
that blur the line between masculine and feminine and in the spot-video she also lip-synced "Wham Rap (Enjoy What You Do)"
by Wham!.[citation needed]
In September 2019, H&M halted it's leather purchase from Brazil in response to 2019 Amazon Rainforest Wildfires.[36] The company
issued an email statement on the halt, "The ban will be active until there are credible assurance systems in place to verify that the
leather does not contribute to environmental harm in the Amazon". The company imports only a small fraction of its leather needs
from Brazil.[37]

Concept stores
In addition to the H&M brand, the company consists of five individual brands with separate concepts. [38] Q4 2016 saw the hoarding of
a new H&M concept in The Dubai Mall come up, labelled 'H&M Details'.

COS
COS launched its flagship store on London’s Regent Street in March 2007 with a catwalk show at the Royal Academy. [39] Its concept
is encompassed by minimalist style inspired by architecture, graphics, and design. [40][39] It specialises in modern clothing pieces for
men and women that are less trend-oriented than other similarly priced labels. [41] COS makes clothing that can be worn beyond the
season.[42] COS has 197 stores in 34 countries[43] in Europe, Asia, North America, Australia and the Middle East and currently retails
online to 19 markets via cosstores.com.

& Other Stories

& Other Stories launched in Spring 2013, with seven stores opening throughout Europe. [44] Its Regent Street store opened on 8
March 2013,[45] with other locations in Barcelona, Berlin, Copenhagen, Dublin, Milan, Paris and Stockholm. [46] & Other Stories offers
women's clothing, shoes, bags, accessories, and beauty products, with a focus on high quality throughout a wide price range. [46] In
March 2016, it collaborated with the designer label Rodarte.[47] & Other Stories has 46 stores in 12 countries, [48] as well as e-
commerce in 14 at stories.com (formerly at otherstories.com).[49]

ARKET
The first ARKET store was opened in Regent Street in August 2017, having been in preparations since June 2015. [50][51] The brand is
labeled "a modern-day market"[52] and houses a line known as the "archive", in which each item is known by a nine-digit code
organised into department, category, product, and material.[53] ARKET also sells children's clothing and homewares, and has an in-
store café.[53]

FaBric Scandinavien AB
In 2008, H&M purchased 60 percent of shares in the Swedish fashion company FaBric Scandinavien AB and bought the remaining
shares in 2010 with a price totaling SEK552 million ($62.3 million). The company's three brands- Cheap Monday, Monki, and
Weekday- continue to be run as separate concepts. [54]

Cheap Monday
Cheap Monday, known for its distinctive skull logo, is a full fashion brand launched in 2004. [55] The brand is available from many
retailers worldwide as well as its own stores and e-commerce site cheapmonday.com.[38]

Monki
Monki in Tsuen Wan Plaza, Hong Kong

Monki is "a wild and crazy international retail concept that believes that, it needs to fight ordinary and boost imagination with an
experience out of the ordinary".[56] The brand sells fashion for young women in stores in 13 markets, and is available online in 18
markets at monki.com.

Weekday
Weekday, styled as WEEKDAY, 'carries in-house brands such as MTWTFSS WEEKDAY and Weekday Collection as well as
external brands.[38] The brand has stores in 9 markets and is available online in 18 markets at weekday.com and in 140 markets
at asos.com.

Labour practices
In August 2011, nearly 200 workers passed out in one week at a Cambodian factory supplying H&M. Fumes from chemicals, poor
ventilation, malnutrition and even "mass hysteria" have all been blamed for making workers ill. The minimum wage in Cambodia is
the equivalent of just $66 (£42) a month, a level that human rights groups say is not even half that required to meet basic needs. [57]
Bangladeshi and international labor groups in 2011 put forth a detailed safety proposal which entailed the establishment of
independent inspections of garment factories. The plan called for inspectors to have the power to close unsafe factories. The
proposal entailed a legally binding contract between suppliers, customers, and unions. At a meeting in 2011 in Dhaka, major
European and North American retailers, including H&M, rejected the proposal. Further efforts by unions to advance the proposal
after numerous and deadly factory fires have been rejected.[58]
The Guardian wrote that in a conscious actions sustainability report for 2012, H&M published a list of factories supplying 95% of its
garments. Most retailers and brands do not share this information, citing commercial confidentiality as a reason. [59]
On 2 January 2013, The Ecologist reported[60] allegations by Anti-Slavery International that H&M is continuing its association with the
Uzbek government in exploiting child and adult forced labour as cotton harvesters in Uzbekistan.[61]
After the April 2013 Savar building collapse H&M and other retailers signed on to the Accord on Factory and Building Safety in
Bangladesh. On 19 May 2013, a textile factory that produced apparel for H&M in Phnom Penh, Cambodia collapsed injuring several
people.[62] The incident has raised concerns regarding industrial safety regulations.
On 25 November 2013, H&M's global head of sustainability committed [63][64] that H&M, as the world's second-largest clothing retailer,
will aim to pay all textile workers "living wage" by 2018, stating that governments are responding too slowly to poor working
conditions in Bangladesh among other Asian countries where many clothing retailers source a majority if not all of their garments.
Wages were increased in Bangladesh from 3,000 takas ($40) to 5,300 takas ($70) a month in late 2013. [65]
In September 2015, CleanClothes.org, an NGO involved in garment labor working conditions, reported on a lack of specific fire
safety renovations in H&M suppliers' factories. [66]
In June 2016, SumOfUs launched a campaign to pressure H&M to honour the commitment to protect Bangladesh's garment
workers which it had signed onto following the Rana Plaza collapse in Bangladesh in 2013, which killed over 1100 people, mostly
garment workers, in unsafe factories housed in an eight-storey building not designed for factories. SumOfUs alleged that "H&M is
drastically behind schedule in fixing the safety hazards its workers have to face every day." [67]
In February 2017, The Guardian reported children were employed to make H&M products in Myanmar and were paid as little as 13p
(about 15cents US) an hour – half the full legal minimum wage.[68]

Other issues

 On 6 January 2010, it was reported that unsold or refunded clothing and other items in
one New York City store were cut up before being discarded, presumably to prevent
resale or use.[69]
  On 24 January 2012, the company was reported to have stolen the work of a UK-based
artist, Tori LaConsay, using it on multiple items without compensating her. [70]

 In August 2013, the Swedish fashion chain withdrew faux-leather headdresses from
Canadian stores after consumers complained the items, part of the company's summer
music festival collection, were insulting to Canada's Aboriginal peoples. [71]

 On 6 November 2015, the H&M South Africa division had been accused with racism for
lack of black models in their photoshoots, [72] later stating that white models convey a more
"positive Image" than that of black models.[73]

 On 8 January 2018, H&M showcased on their official United Kingdom website[74] a picture
of a young black child wearing a green hoodie reading, "Coolest Monkey in the Jungle,"
which sparked controversy,[75][76][77][78][79][80] notably in the United States due to the cognition of
"monkey" being used to describe a black person, [74] though the term "cheeky monkey" is
often used in the UK to refer to a little child regardless of race.[citation needed] In response,
singers such as The Weeknd and G-Eazy boycotted the company by ending their
partnerships with H&M over the image. [81][82][83] H&M later released an apology: "This image
has now been removed from all H&M channels and we apologise to anyone this may
have offended."[84][85][86][87] The mother of the model urged people to "stop crying wolf,"
deeming it "an unnecessary issue."[88] After the allegation of racism, H&M stores were
vandalized and looted in South Africa. In response, H&M temporarily closed stores in
South Africa.[89][90]
 On 13 July 2019, H&M docked the pay and suspended several union staff in three of its
stores in New Zealand because they were wearing 'Living Wage' stickers, as part of a
wider industrial dispute.[91][92]

Philanthropy
Since January 2012 H&M introduced the H&M Design Award, an annual design prize for fashion graduates. The prize is established
to support young designers with the beginning of their career.[93]
Starting in February 2013, H&M will offer patrons a voucher in exchange for used garments. Donated garments will be processed by
I:CO, a retailer that repurposes and recycles used clothing with the goal of creating a zero waste economy. The initiative is similar to
a clothes-collection voucher program launched in April 2012 by Marks & Spencer in partnership with Oxfam.[94][95][96]
In April 2014, H&M joined Zara and other apparel companies in changing their supply chain to avoid endangered forests. H&M
teamed with Canopy, a non-profit, to remove endangered and ancient forests from their dissolvable pulp supply chain for their
viscose and rayon fabrics.[97]
In August 2015, H&M announced that it will award a million-euro annual prize to advance recycling technology and techniques. [98]
The H&M Foundation is a non-profit foundation which was established in order to implement positive change and improve living
standards, such as education for children, worldwide access to clean water, strengthening women on a global scale, and being
environmentally aware. It is privately funded by the Persson Family, founders, and owners of H&M. Since 2013, the Persson Family
has made huge contributions to the foundation, donating SEK1.1 billion (US$154 million) to the H&M Foundation.

See also

 Bonds (clothing)
 Gap Inc.
 List of companies of Sweden
 European Retail Round Table
 Zara (retailer)
 Sweden portal

 Companies portal
 Fashion portal

Notes

1. ^ Total full-time equivalent positions; H&M reports do not publish total full-time, part-time and
casual employment levels.
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with no fire exits
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 95. ^ "News".

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