Economics and Statistics - Hindi 152

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jksy uEcj --------------------
vuqer le; % 3 ?k.Vs vf/dre vad % 100
iz'uksa dh oqQy la[;k % 8 Nis gq, i`"Bksa dh oqQy la[;k % 8
uksV % fgUnh ekè;e ls mÙkj nsus okys ijh{kkFkhZ o`Qi;k è;ku nsa fd ;fn iz'uksa osQ fgUnh vuqokn esa fdlh
fo'ks"k 'kCn] okD;ka'k] vfHkO;fDr ;k 'kCnkoyh esa lansg ;k lafnX/rk gks] rks layXu vaxzsth :ikarj
gh vfHkHkkoh gksxk vkSj lgh ,oa izkekf.kd ekuk tk;sxk A

Hkkx μ v
(bl Hkkx esa iz'u la[;k 1 vfuok;Z gS rFkk
'ks"k iz'uksa esa ls fdUgha nks osQ mÙkj nhft, A)
1. (v) la{ksi esa dkj.k lfgr crkb, fd D;k fuEufyf[kr dFku lR; gSa vFkok vlR; %
(i) vFkZ'kkL=k esa ^mRiknu* dh vo/kj.kk esa osQoy mu fozQ;kdykiksa dks lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gS
ftuls vk; mRiUu gksrh gS A
(ii) ifjorZu'khy vuqikrksa dk fu;e ,d vYi&dkfyd ?kVuk gS A
(iii) iw¡thoknh vFkZO;oLFkk esa mRiknu osQ lHkh lk/uksa ij ljdkj dk ,dek=k LokfEkRo gksrk gS A
(iv) ,d en esa rc rd rjyrk osQ xq.k dk vHkko gksrk gS tc rd fd mls cktkj esa cspk ;k
fofue; ugha fd;k tk losQ A
(v) ^eqDr izos'k ,oa fudkl* izfrLi/hZ cktkjksa dh ,d izeq[k fo'ks"krk gS A
(IkzR;sd osQ 2 vad)
(c) fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa osQ lEcU/ esa fn, x, fodYiksa esa ls lokZf/d mi;qDr mÙkj dks fyf[k, %
(i) ^okLrfod vFkZ'kkL=k* osQ fo'ys"k.k dk ,d mnkgj.k gS μ
(v) [kk| oLrq dh dher ,oa bldh [kjhnh xbZ ek=kk osQ chp lECkU/ dk fo'ys"k.k
(c) ;g fu/kZfjr djuk fd izR;sd O;fDr dks fdruh vk; dh xkj.Vh gksuh pkfg,
(l) [kk| oLrq dh mfpr dher fu/kZfjr djuk
(n) ;g fu.kZ; djuk fd vFkZO;oLFkk esa mRiknu dk forj.k dSls gks A
(ii) tc ek¡x ,oa iwfrZ nksuksa esa ,d gh vuqikr esa o`f¼ gksrh gS rks μ
(v) lkE; ek=kk vifjofrZr jgrh gS
(c) dher c<+ tkrh gS
(l) lkE; dher vifjofrZr jgrh gS
(n) ek=kk esa deh vk tkrh gS A

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(iii) iQeZ osQ fl¼k¡r dk vè;;u ,d mnkgj.k gS μ

(v) lef"Vxr vFkZ'kkL=k dk
(c) O;f"Vxr vFkZ'kkL=k dk
(l) xSj&vkfFkZd fozQ;kdyki dk
(n) O;kolkf;d fozQ;kdyki dk A
(iv) ozQekxr mi;ksfxrk fl¼k¡r esa] mi;ksfxrk dks μ
(v) fujis{k bdkb;ksa esa O;Dr ugha fd;k tkrk gS
(c) fujis{k bdkb;ksa esa O;Dr fd;k tkrk gS
(l) dher dh yksp osQ :i esa O;Dr fd;k tkrk gS
(n) iwfrZ dh yksp osQ :i esa O;Dr fd;k tkrk gS A
(v) nh?kZdky esa] iw.kZ izfr;ksxh cktkj esa ,d iQeZ osQ lkE; dh voLFkk gksxh μ
(v) AC > AR > MC > MR
(c) AC < AR < MC < MR
(l) AC = AR = MC = MR
(n) AC = AR ,oa MC > MR
(vi) og {ks=k ftlesa o`Qf"k ,oa fozQ;kdyki] tSls fd okfudh] eqxhZikyu] i'kqikyu] vkfn dks 'kkfey
fd;k tkrk gS] mls dgk tkrk gS μ
(v) izkFkfed {ks=k
(c) f}rh;d {ks=k
(l) r`rh;d {ks=k
(n) laxfBr {ks=k A
(vii) Hkqxrku 'ks"k ls vfHkizk; gS μ
(v) nks ns'kksa osQ chp lHkh O;kikfjd ysu&nsuksa dk O;ofLFkr ys[kk&tks[kk
(c) fdlh ,d ns'k osQ fuokfl;ksa rFkk 'ks"k fo'o osQ fuokfl;ksa osQ chp ,d o"kZ osQ lHkh
ekSfnzd ysu&nsuksa dk O;ofLFkr ys[kk&tks[kk
(l) nwljs ns'kksa dks fn, x, ,oa muls fy, x;s lHkh ½.kksa dk O;ofLFkr ys[kk&tks[kk
(n) mijksDr esa ls dksbZ ugha A

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(viii) eqnzk ifjek.k fl¼k¡r dh ysu&nsu dh vo/kj.kk dk izfriknu fd;k x;k μ

(v) ihxw }kjk
(c) ek'kZy }kjk
(l) osQUt }kjk
(n) fiQ'kj }kjk A
(ix) ;fn M1 = udn eqnzk_ M2 = cSadksa dh eqnzk_ P = vkSlr dher_ T = lHkh csph xbZ bdkb;ksa
dh ek=kk dk tksM+ gks ,oa V1 rFkk V2 ozQe'k% mudh xfr'khyrk gks] rks eqnzk ifjek.k fl¼k¡r
(fiQ'kj lehdj.k) osQ vuqlkj μ
(v) M1V1 = M2V2 = PT

(c) M1V1 + M2V2 = PT

(l) M1V1 < M2V2 < PT

(n) M1V1 > M2V2 > PT

(x) fo'o O;kikj laxBu (MCY;w-Vh-vks-) ,d ,slh fu;eksa dks lefiZr iz.kkyh gS ftlls eqDr]
fu"i{k ,oa μ
(v) lokZf/d vuqowQy jk"Vª (MFN) osQ fy, izfr;ksfxrk dks c<+kok fn;k tk losQ
(c) vfoo`Qr izfr;ksfxrk dks c<+kok fn;k tk losQ
(l) MCY;w-Vh-vks- dh tujy dkma fly }kjk O;kikj ck/kvksa dh tk¡p dh tk losQ
(n) MCY;w-Vh-vks- dh tujy dkma fly }kjk O;kikj uhfr dh vkof/d leh{kk dh tk losQ A
(izR;sd dk 1 vad)

2. (v) fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha rhu osQ eè; vUrHksZn dhft, %

(i) ^vkSlr ifjorZu'khy ykxr* ,oa ^lhekUr ykxr* A
(ii) ^pki yksp* ,oa ^fcUnq yksp* A
(iii) ^ek¡x tek* ,oa ^vof/ tek* A
(iv) ^lk/u ykxr* ,oa ^cktkj dher* A
(izR;sd osQ 3 vad)
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(c) fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa fjDr LFkkuksa dh leqfpr 'kCn(nksa)@la[;k(vksa) }kjk iwfrZ djrs gq, mUgsa nksckjk
fyf[k, %
(i) oLrq&foHksn ------------------- cktkj dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk gS A
(ii) ,d vfrfjDr bdkbZ dh fcozQh ls dqy vkxe esa gksus okyh o`f¼ dks ------------------- osQ :i
esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gS A
(iii) lw{e] y?kq ,oa eè;e m|e fodkl vf/fu;e] 2006 osQ vuqlkj] m|eksa dks eksVs rkSj ls nks
Jsf.k;ksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gS μ ,d ,sls m|e tks oLrqvksa osQ fuekZ.k ;k mRiknu esa yxs
gSa rFkk nwljs ,sls m|e tks fd ------------------- miyC/ djkus ;k iznku djus esa yxs gSa A
(iv) osQUnzh; cSad }kjk [kqys cktkj esa vuqeksfnr izfrHkwfr;ksa dh fcozQh ;k [kjhn dks -------------------
dgrs gSa A
(v) nw/ tSlh fdlh oLrq dh ek¡x dh dher yksp ------------------- gksrh gS A
(vi) Hkkjr esa csjkstxkjh dh izo`Qfr fodflr ns'kksa esa ikbZ tkus okyh csjkstxkjh ls fuf'pr :i ls fHkUu
gS D;ksafd ;gk¡ vf/dka'kr% ------------------- csjkstxkjh ikbZ tkrh gS A
(izR;sd dk 1 vad)
3. fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha rhu osQ mÙkj nhft, %
(i) oLrq dh ek¡x ,oa mldh ek¡x osQ izeq[k fu/kZjd rRoksa osQ eè; lEcU/ dh ppkZ dhft, A
(ii) ^,dkf/dkj* ,oa bldh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dh O;k[;k dhft, A
(iii) Hkkjr esa ekSfnzd uhfr osQ mn~ns';ksa ,oa bldh Hkwfedk dk mYys[k dhft, A
(iv) ^oS'ohdj.k* in ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ blosQ ykHkksa dh lkekU; :i ls ,oa Hkkjr dks feyus
okys ykHkksa dh fo'ks"k :i ls O;k[;k dhft, A
(izR;sd osQ 5 vad)

4. fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha rhu osQ mÙkj nhft, %

(i) iwfrZ oozQ ck¡, ls nk¡, mij dh vksj D;ksa mBrk gS \
(ii) ,dkf/dkjkRed izfr;ksfxrk esa miHkksDrkvksa dks D;ksa ihfM+r gksuk iM+rk gS \
(iii) Hkkjrh; dj iz.kkyh dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dh ppkZ dhft, A
(iv) Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa o"kZ 1991 ls vkiwfrZ izcU/u gsrq mBk, x, dneksa dh O;k[;k dhft, A
(izR;sd osQ 5 vad)

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Hkkx μ c
(bl Hkkx esa iz'u la[;k 5 vfuok;Z gS rFkk
'ks"k iz'uksa esa ls fdUgha nk
nks osQ mÙkj nhft, A)
5. (v) la{ksi esa dkj.k lfgr crkb, fd D;k fuEufyf[kr dFku lR; gSa vFkok vlR; %
(i) lk¡f[;dh dh dksbZ lhek,¡ ugha gksrh gSa A
(ii) Hkwf;"Bd pje voyksduksa ls izHkkfor gksrk gS A
(iii) izeki fopyu dk ewY; osQoy /ukRed gksrk gS A
(iv) nh?kZdkfyd izo`fÙk mPpkopu fu;fer izo`Qfr osQ gksrs gSa rFkk le; osQ fuf'pr varjky osQ ckn
budh iqujko`fÙk gksrh gS A
(v) Hkkfjr lwpdk¡d esa lHkh oLrqvksa dks leku Hkkj fn;k tkrk gS A
(izR;sd osQ 2 vad)
(Ck) fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa osQ lEcU/ esa fn, x, fodYiksa esa ls lokZf/d mi;qDr mÙkj dks fyf[k, %
(i) ^^lk¡f[;dh dks l¡[;kRed vkadM+ksa osQ laxzg.k] izLrqrhdj.k] fo'ys"k.k vkSj fuoZpu osQ
foKku osQ :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA** lk¡f[;dh dh ;g ifjHkk"kk nh xbZ gS μ
(v) yksfou }kjk
(c) ozQkDlVu ,oa dkmMu }kjk
(l) ,- ,y- ckmQys }kjk
(n) fdax }kjk A
(ii) oxZ&vko`fÙk dk izfr bdkbZ foLrkj tks oxZ esa vko`fÙk osQ osQUnzhdj.k dks n'kkZrk gS] mls dgk
tkrk gS μ
(v) vko`fÙk forj.k
(c) vko`fÙk ?kuRo
(l) oxZ foLrkj
(n) oxZ vUrjky A
(iii) og ewY; lwpdk¡d tks fdlh le;kof/ esa oqQy eqnzk osQ ewY; osQ cnyko dks fdlh vU;
vof/ dh rqyuk esa ekirk gS] mls dgk tkrk gS μ
(v) ek=kk lwpdk¡d
(c) ewY; lwpdk¡d
(l) Fkksd ewY; lwpdk¡d
(n) [kqnjk ewY; lwpdk¡d A
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(iv) ,d lefer forj.k esa μ

(v) ekè; = ekfè;dk = Hkwf;"Bd
(c) Hkwf;"Bd = 3 ekfè;dk – 2 ekè;
(l) Hkwf;"Bd@ ekfè;dk = ekè;
(n) Hkwf;"Bd – ekè; = ekfè;dk A
(v) 400] 100] 300] ,oa 200 dk gjkRed ekè; gS μ
(v) 250
(c) 1000
(l) 192
(n) (250)2
(vi) Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad ,oa jk"Vªh; izfrn'kZ losZ{k.k dk;kZy; tSls laxBu vk¡dM+ksa dk ladyu ,oa
izdk'ku djrs gSa μ
(v) O;qRiUu vk¡dM+ksa dk
(c) fefJr vk¡dM+ksa dk
(l) f}rh;d vk¡dM+ksa dk
(n) izkFkfed vk¡dM+ksa dk A
(vii) lg&lEcU/ xq.kk¡d fLFkr gksrk gS μ
(v) &1 vkSj $1 osQ eè;
(c) 0 vkSj $1 osQ eè;
(l) 0 vkSj &1 osQ eè;
(n) $1 vkSj $2 osQ eè; A
(viii) ekSleh mPpkopu fo|eku ugha gksrs gSa ;fn ozQekxr voyksduksa osQ chp le; vUrjky μ
(v) ,d o"kZ ls de ;k mlosQ cjkcj gS
(c) ,d o"kZ osQ cjkcj gS
(l) ,d o"kZ ls vf/d gS
(n) mijksDr esa ls dksbZ ugha A
(ix) fdlh o`Ùk&fp=k esa osQUnzh; dks.k dk ;ksx gksrk gS μ
(v) 90 va'k
(c) 180 va'k
(l) 270 va'k
(n) 360 va'k A

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(x) fuEufyf[kr esa ls dksSu&lk fLFkrh; ekè; gS μ

(v) lekUrj ekè;
(c) T;kWferh; ekè;
(l) ekfè;dk
(n) gjkRed ekè; A
(izR;sd dk 1 vad)

6. (v) fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha rhu osQ eè; vUrHksZn dhft, %

(i) ^gjkRed ekè;* ,oa ^T;kWferh; ekè;* A
(ii) ^izkFkfed vk¡dM+s* ,oa ^f}rh;d vk¡dM+s* A
(iii) ^x.kuk vuqla/ku* ,oa ^fun'kZu vuqla/ku* A
(iv) ^MkWjfc'k ,oa ckmys dk lwpdk¡d* ,oa ^fiQ'kj dk vkn'kZ lwpdk¡d* A
(izR;sd osQ 3 vad)

(c) fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa fjDr LFkkuksa dh leqfpr 'kCn(nksa)@la[;k(vksa) }kjk iwfrZ djrs gq, mUgsa nksckjk
fyf[k, %
(i) ^lk¡f[;dh* 'kCn dk iz;ksx nks :iksa esa fd;k tkrk gS] vFkkZr~ igyk lk¡f[;dh; vk¡dM+s vkSj
nwljk ------------------- A
(ii) ------------------- oxhZdj.k esa vk¡dM+ksa dks dqN fo'ks"krkvksa ;k xq.kksa tSls fd cqf¼eÙkk] bZekunkjh]
O;oLkk;] vkfn] dh mifLFkfr ;k vHkko osQ vk/kj ij oxhZo`Qr fd;k tkrk gS A
(iii) forj.k dk ------------------- voyksduksa dh Ük`¡[kyk dks 100 cjkcj Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr djrk gS A
(iv) ,d yxHkx lkekU; forj.k esa x  2 forj.k osQ ------------------- Hkkx dks n'kkZrk gS A
(v) nks fo'ks"krkvksa osQ chp lEcU/ osQ vè;;u dks nks O;kid Jsf.k;ksa esa ck¡Vk tk ldrk gS] vFkkZr~
lg&lEcU/ ,oa ------------------- A
(vi) vk¡dM+ksa osQ ------------------- ls vfHkizk; ekSleh mPpkopuksa osQ izHkko dks gVkuk gS A
(izR;sd dk 1 vad)
7. fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha rhu osQ mÙkj nhft, %
(i) ^^nks rksj.k (vkstkbo) oozQ ,d&nwljs dks ekfè;dk ij dkVrs gSa A** ^rksj.k oozQ* dh ifjHkk"kk nhft,
rFkk mnkgj.k lfgr bl dFku dh O;k[;k dhft, A
(ii) Lih;jeSu dh dksfV lg&lEcU/ fof/ dh O;k[;k dhft, A
(iii) ^^vk¡dM+ksa osQ laxzg.k ;k fo'ks"kKksa dh jk; osQ vk/kj ij iwokZuqeku yxk;k tk ldrk gSA** O;k[;k
dhft, A

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(iv) fuEufyf[kr vk¡dM+ksa ls py ekè; fof/ }kjk ekSleh lwpdk¡d (n'keyo osQ nks LFkku rd) Kkr
dhft, %
o"kZ frekgh&1 frekgh&2 frekgh&3 frekgh&4
2005 30 20 25 27
2006 23 25 30 20
2007 24 23 29 21
2008 21 45 26 19
2009 25 35 40 25
(izR;sd osQ 5 vad)

8. fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha rhu osQ mÙkj nhft, %

(i) fuEufyf[kr vk¡dM+ksa dks vk;r&fp=k }kjk iznf'kZr dhft, %
oxZ varjky % 0&50 50&100 100&150 150&200 200&250 250&300
vko`fÙk % 12 5 22 3 15 7
(ii) ,d LukrdksÙkj ikB~;ozQe esa 12 Nk=kksa osQ nks fo"k;ksa] vFkZ'kkL=k vkSj lk¡f[;dh dh ijh{kk esa iw.kk±d
100 vadksa esa ls izkIrkad fuEufyf[kr lkj.kh esa fn, x, gSa A bu nksuksa fo"k;ksa esa dfYir ekè; fof/
}kjk lg&lEcU/ xq.kk¡d Kkr dhft, A Kkr fd, x, lg&lEcU/ xq.kk¡d ij Vhdk&fVIi.kh Hkh dhft, %
vFkZ'kkL=k esa izkIrkad % 75 80 75 83 78 84 85 60 79 74 81 77
lk¡f[;dh esa izkIrkad % 79 85 70 80 80 90 88 63 87 73 82 76
(iii) oqQN voyksduksa dk ekè; 50 gS A ;fn bu vk¡dM+ksa esa rhu l¡[;k,¡ 70] 60 rFkk 65 dks tksM+ fn;k
tkrk gS rks ekè; c<+ dj 55 gks tkrk gS A ewy vk¡dM+ksa esa voyksduksa dh l¡[;k Kkr dhft, A
(iv) ,d d{kk esa Nk=kksa }kjk izkIrkadksa osQ ldy izfr'kr dk forj.k fuEufyf[kr rkfydk esa n'kkZ;k x;k gS %
ldy izkIrkad (%) % 30&40 40&50 50&60 60&70 70&80 80&90 90&100
Nk=kksa dh l¡[;k % 1 3 10 20 15 6 5
x.kuk dhft, fd fdrus izfr'kr Nk=k x   osQ foLrkj&{ks=k osQ Hkhrj gSa \
(izR;sd osQ 5 vad)
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