Pololololololial DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST SECTION 1 LISTENING COMPREHENSION ‘Time—approximately 35 minutes (including the reading of the directions for each part) In ths section ofthe test, you will have an opportunity to demonstrate your ability io understand Coaversations and talks In English, There are thre parts o this section, ith specal directions fer excl part Answer all the questions onthe bsis of what stated or implied by the speakers you hear, Do [Mot take notes or wste in your test book a any Lime, Do not tur the pages unl you are tod wo do so. Part Directions: In Par A you will hear short conversations between two people Alter each conversation, {you wil Rear question about the conversation. The conversations and questions will ot be ‘epeated.Afier you hear a Question, read the four posible answers in your test book and choose the best answer Then, on your answer shee, find the numberof the question and Bln the space that corresponds t the letter ofthe answer you have chosen Listen to an example Sample Answer @®OoCe (On the recording, you will hear (aman) Dhat exam wes jst af (woman) Ob, treould have been worse (narrator) What does the women mean? In your (est book, you will ead (A) The exam was rally awful (8) Te was the worst eam she had ever seen, (©) Iteoulda'thave been more dificult. (D) Teast that hard. ‘You Tear from the conversation that the man thought the exam was very dificul¢ and thatthe woman disagreed with the man, The best answer to the question. "What does the Woman mean?” is {D), "Tt wasnt that hard." Therefore, the correct choice i (D) SeretopOR tase ebaacne LUSTENING COMPREHENSION PRE-TEST 35Loto toloatolalol 1) Thecofe amc beter this 8.) Moosing within his budet card romning. locate (B) Hes feeling bitter this morning (B) Us hard w find his house in New (©) The coffe tent very evod, York (D) He cannot taste the butter (©) He cant afford to move hishowse to New York. 2. (A) The oclasies meet inanhour ana (D) Housing in New York ie unavailable, (B) The class meets three hours per week. 9. (A). The boss was working on the report (©) Each half ofthe elass isan hourlong (8) He would have to finish the reports AD) Two tlmes a week the class meets for before the end of next month. ‘an hour (©) He was directed to stay late snd finish tome work. 3 (A) few minutes ago, the Bight (D) He could finish the reports at home. (B) The Hight will stan in a while 10. (A) The boisterous students made the (©) They are frightened sbout the teacher mad departure (B) The teacher angered the stadents with {D) The plane is going to takeoff toon. the exam results (©) The studente were angry that the 4. (A) He hasnt yet begun his project, teacher was around. (B) He's supposed todo his scence (D) The angered students complained to project next week the teacher (©) He needs o stan working on ‘hanging the due date 11. (A) The prices are reasonable (D) He's been working stedlly on his (B) The store is too far out of foun, selence projec (©) He would lke the woman to repeat ‘what she sa. 5. (A) Atthe post afice. (D) He agrees withthe woman, (B) Ia Mora shop. (©) Ina restaurant 12, (A) Ithas rately rained thie much (D) tna hospeal delivery room, (08) hardly ralned this year (©) Wis barely eating this year & (A) The ptesor drowned th cls ina (D) Itseldam rains so litle (B) The topic was presented ina boring «13, (A) He needs todo a better ob writing way. ‘questions. (©) The professor divided the lecture into (B) His erining must certainly be pars. Improved (D) The Dialogs red o sel the results (©) Without the questions, he cannot ofthe experiment. ‘write the answers. (0) He needs to understand the written 7. (A) She needs to get a driver’ license ‘questions beter (B) cis impossible 1a cash a check ‘withoot (wo pieces of identification. (©) Theman should check to see fhe needs credit, (©) Acredicard can be vedio ets iver lcense E> 36 USTENING COMPREHENSION PRE-TESTlololol 14, (A) ‘The agent was standing in line with his passport (8) Theline to get new passports is very Tong. (C) The woman must wait her turn to get Ther passport checkod. He can check her passport instead of the agent © 15. (A). Hecouldn't fish closing the library Zk (B) Hehadn' finished the brary Spsignment hit he was close (0) Hatune wering.on the neignment “hen the library closed His homework was incomplete because the brary wasnt open. o He wishes the hard work had had better result (8) He thinks the lawyer hardly prepared, (©) He\wishes the lawyer hed prepared (D) He thinks the luoyer worked for free 7 @ ® ‘The history clas begins next week. He thinks the papers should be turned innext week. (©) Hehar slready done the paper for o aw @ oO He's not realy happy. ‘The contractor's work was ‘ntefactory. He would rather work with the ‘contractor blmeelE (0) He was already contacted about the ‘work. 19. (A) The man should try another typeof paper (8) The man should locate a typist, tomorrow morning. (©) The man should makea tape in the ‘moming ‘The man should complete the paper ‘without help. o 2, a 2 2. 2 2 26 1ololol (A). She'd like some pe. @) Mbeasy to buy it (C) The task the man’s working on ist dieu. 1s easier to prepare pie than do what the man is doing, ” (A) He reported that the time for the budget meeting had been set (B) Hes always latin submitting his ‘accounting figures. (©) He never manages te budget his ume well (D) Hef never tn late in turning in hie ‘reports (A) The repairs would require an (B) The cari going to need slot of repairs (©) Buying a new car would be quit. expensive, (D) The mechanic extended the repair warranty (A). Betty wrote the letter a directed. (©) The drevons were given to Bern (©) Betty wil follow the instructions later (D) Beuy worked exactly as instructed. (A) Walter's had a lack of success wit his ‘busines, (B)_ Walters failed in business (©) Walter’ new company is doing rather ‘wel (D) Waller hoped to succsed in business (He should put the organ in the coset. (8) Thecioset has siready been ‘orpanieed. (©) He needs to rearange the close. AD) He wishes the eloset were closer (A). She didn't do the work (B) She gave the assignment her best lor. (©) She finished the assignment even ‘though it was difficult She gave the man a signal oy USTENING COMPREHENSION PRE-TEST 371olatoalalajolol 27. (A). Shesaid some terrible things. 29. (A) The woman is more than a wook late (B) She didnt say anything nice () Thechildren would have wrecked the (©) Shedidnt have any nice things. house later (D) She said really wonderful things. (©) The woman was so late that she was a 28, (A) New employees ar rarely initiated (D) HES glad tat she was not any ater into the company (B) New workers don’ generally 30, (A) He had not gone to the store. ‘undertake scloms on thelr own (B) He was silat the market (©) New employees are inivaly rated (©) He was going to take care of the () Teste for employees to make new shopping suggestions. (©) He always went to the market 28 _USTENING COMPREHENSION PRE-TESTJo1lalaialala Part B 1o1 tn this part of the ost, you will hear longer conversations. After each conversation, you trill ear several questions. The conversations and questions will not be repeated, After you heat & question, read! the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best newer Then, on your answer sheet, find the nimiber ofthe uestion an Bilin the space that ‘omesponds to the lets ofthe answer you have chosen. Remember, you are not allewed to take notes or write in your test book, aw @ © © w ® © 2, © 33.) @ © 0) a) ® © (0) Shes a senior She’ a junion ‘She's a transfer student ‘She a graduate student How to transfer toa junior college. How to find his vay around campus. “The course requirements fora Tierature major ‘Whe won the campus election a Thee Five Eight. Ten. 28 American iterure World literature Literary analysis, Surveying 35. w ® © © “ 1) © © w ©) © iD) iw ( © © Ina book, From e televiston program, During trip that she rook. Fromalecture. ‘To communicate with other dolphins. ‘To recognize abjects inthe water. Toleara human langue. ‘To cxpress fear Five Fifteen By, ive hundred. eis limited. {tS greater than human intelligence Is ess than previously thought ‘We are beginning to learn how much thoy have LUSTENING COMPREHENSON PRE-TEST »“0 Lolololoj{ojojoy nae a pe re i Ah re ‘ter you hear a question, you will read the four possible answers in your tet book and choose the best answer, Then, on your answer sheet, find the numberof the question and fill inthe space that ‘corresponds tothe letter of the answer you have chosen, “More isan example. (On the recording, you will hear (narrator) Listen tan instructor tall to his clase about painting (roam) ars Grant Wood was a guiding force i the school of painting known as Americans regionals, syle vflecing tke distinctive characteristics of art from rural ress of ‘the United States. Wood began drawing animals on the femal farm at the age of ‘thre andl when he vas thry-eight one of his paintings recived a remarkable smoun of public notice and acelatm. Ths painting, cled “American Goth, "is 0 starkly simple depiction ofa serious couple staring direcly out atthe viewer, Now listen to sample question. Sample Answer (narrator) What spi of painting is known ax Americen regionals? D®OC® {In your test book, you will read: (A) Art fom America inner cities, (B) Art from the central region of the US. (©) Ar from various urban areas in the US. (D) Art fom rural sections of Amerion, ‘The best answer tothe question, ‘What style of panting Is known as American repionalst is (D), “Art from rural sections of America” Therefore, the corect choice f(D) [Now listen to another sample question. Sample Answer (aarrator) What isthe name of Woods most successful painting? OSeD In your test book, you will rend: (AJ “American Regionalist” (B) “The Fenty Farm in Lowa” (©) "American Gothie” (D) “A'Serious Couple” ‘The best answer tothe question, ‘Whats the name of Wood's most successful paimting?”#(C), “American Gothic" Therefore, the correct choice i (C). Remember, you are not allowed to take notes. or write in your test book. ogre evean rman pty rin LUSTENING COMPREHENSION PRE-TEST Semon sods mnorebanc aelololololol 3. 40. a. 2 (A) To protec: ts members (B) To save the natural environment (©) Te honor the memory of John Muic () To improve San Francisco’ natral ‘beauty (A). For ess than a year. () Only fora decade (©) For more than a century, () For atleast two centuries () san Francisco. B) AIT By states, (©) The Sierra Nevadas. ©) Theserten US (A) Allover the wortd, (B) In theentire United States. (©) Only in california, (D) Only in the Siera Nevadss. (A) Students sigoing up for athletic (8) Stadenis going on a cour of university campus (©) Students playing various sports (©) Students attending a university ‘dedication ceremony (A). Membership a an athletic team, (B) Enrollment in an exercise class (©) Avalid student identification card (B) Permission froma faculty member 45, 46. 4 4 4, 50 w @) © ©) w e) © oo) w @) © oy a ® © o w @) © 1) a @) © 0) lol {othe tennis cours, Tothe arena ‘othe gymaasiom, ‘othe Athletic Department ofie. Goto the Art Center. Sign up for sports classes. Vist dhe enereae room atcha foothall game, Science, an Literature Muse, ‘They are completly diferent. ‘They are somewhat similar but have anessential difference. ‘They are exactly the same In respects ‘They are uavelated. Objective Isolate: Philosophical, Environmental Heredity Eaviroument, dealin Natural ows ‘This is the end of the Listening Comprehension Pre-Test. ‘Turn off the recording. ‘When you finish the test, you may do the following: ‘Turn to the Diagnostic Chart on pages 58-84, and. circle the numbers of the questions that you missed, ‘+ Turn to Scoring Information on pages 581-582, and determine your TOEFL score. ‘+ Tura to the Progress Chart on page 59. and add your score to the chart, 7 USTENING COMPREHENSION PRE-TEST 412e2e2e2e2e20e207 DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST SECTION 2 STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION ‘Time—25 minutes (including the reading of the directions) Now set your clock for 25 minutes. “This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language thal is appropriate for standard ‘wetten English. There are twa type of questions in this tection, with special divettons for rach tyoe Structure Directions: These questions are incomplete sentences. eneath each sentence you will se four ‘words oF phrases, marked (A) (B),(C) and (D). Choose the ane word or phase hat beet completes {he sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, nd the number ofthe question ana fil inthe specs that ‘coresponds tothe letter ofthe answer you have chose’. Look atthe following examples, Example ‘Sample Answer ‘The president ___ the election bya landslide. e000 (&) won (3) hewon (©) yesterday @) Tortunately The sentence should read, “The president won the election by a landslide" Therefore, you should choose answer (A). Example Sample Answer When the conference? ®2eOD (A) the dot sumed (B) did the doctor atend. (C)_ the doctor wil attend {D) the doctor’ attendance ‘The sentence should read, ‘When did the doctor atend the conference?” Thetefore, you should choose answer (B) Senowae petal hon Eine ee STRUCTURE ANO WRITTEN EXPRESSION PRE-TEST 1212Ze2e2e2e2e2e Qe? 1, The North Pole situde of 90 7. off the Fawaian comsline ar living degrees nocth ‘thera are dead has (W) Cora reef (B) ishaving {(B) Some types of coral reefs (©) which is having (©) Thoreare many types of coral eels (D) thas (D) While some types of coral reefs 2 ___greyhound, can achieve speeds upto__8. People who revers the letters of words ‘hiny-six miles por hour to read suller from dyslexia (A) The (A) slahey teed (8) The fastest (8) whenteying (©) Thefastest dog (©) sthen tied (D) The fastest dog. the 1D) lehewses 4, The Mayflower was bound for Virginia, ut 9. Featured atthe Henry Ford Museum. hurricane off course. of antique cars dating fom 1865. (A) Blew it (a) anexnibit is (@) wblowit (B) aneshbit (©) itbiew (©) isan exhibit () Blowing i (©) hich isan exhibit 4. The greenhouse effect occurs heat 10, Rubber from vuleanized silicones cadiating from the Sun with a high molecular weigh is difficult to stings from natural rubber (A) when does the Earth's atmogphere estogsten fro trap (A) is produced (B) does the Eanhs atmosphere tap (B) producing (C) ‘hen the Barts atmosphere taps (©) that produces (0) the Earths atmosphere aps () produced 5. The Rose Bowl. place on New Years 11, __—in scope, romanticism was = Day, i the oldest posiseason colegate ‘reaction against neoclassical principles, football game inthe United Seats. a (a) takes @ (B) which takes ©. (C) ittakes| (D) Theliterauure was mainly (D) took 12, The Central Inteligence Agency (CIA) 6. Experiments fame about ssa result of the represents plant step into the medicine of the fture, ‘National Security Act of 1987 (A) sing gene therapy (a) what (8) ‘ase gene therapy (B) teas (©) theyuse (©) waswhat () gene therapy uses (D) teas what cm) 122 STRUCTURE ANO WRITTEN EXPRESSION PRE-TEST2e2e2e2eDde2e2e? 1B, Ol shale sof, Fne-grained sedimentary rock ——oll and natural gas are obtained ® from (8) isfrom (©) iswhich (D) from which appears considerably larger atthe horizon than it does overhesa is merely an optical ilusion (A) The Moon (B) That the Moon (G) When the Moon (©) The Moon which, 15. Accoring to the World Health ‘Organization, —_there to be an ‘outbreak of any of the se most dangetous Aiseases, this could be cause for quarantine A) were (B) they were (©) there were (0) serethey r= STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION PRE-TEST ir)Zo2oe2e2e2e2e2e? ‘Written Expression Directions: In these questions each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four Underlined parte ofthe sentence are marked (A, (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one underlined word tr plate that must be changed inorder forthe sentence tobe correct. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number ofthe question and fil in the space that corresponds tothe letter of the answer you have chosen, Look tthe following examples Example Sample Answer ‘The four string o7 a violin ape tuned ©e0o ee cb in ths ‘The sentence should rd, “The four strings on a violin are tuned in fifths.” Therefore, you should choose answer (8), Example it Sample Answer ‘The research forthe book Roots taking DOOD “xB = oe ‘lox Maley tele ears D ‘The sentence should read, “The research forthe book Roots took Alex Haley twelve years” Therefore, {you should choose answer (©), STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION PRETEST Soars Puadivietts tuiQeQe2e2e2e2e2e2 16. 2 a 2, 2. 26 Seoeastion in pble school as declare unconsiutinal bythe Supreme Cour ip poke ae sista 1954, Sirlus, the Dog St fs the most brightest sarin the sky with an absolute magnitude most brighest anabyohue shout twentytheee ses that ofthe Sun, Killer whales lo wander family luster that hunt, play, aed resting together Some ofthe most useful resistor material are carbon, metals, and metal alloys eg ee = ‘The community of Bethesda, Maryland, was previous known as Darcy's Store = — ct |... Pratt used group therapy early in the past century when he brought say a tuberculosis patienrs together to discuss its disease. Alloys of gold and copper have been widely using in various types of coins. ~~ BS “< “The United States has import allearpet wools in recent years hecause domes saps ‘wools are too fine snd sot for carpets eo i Banks are rushing to merge because consolidations enable them to slash theirs costs and expand. D ‘That water has a very high specific heat meang that, without a large temperature a — change, ator can add or loa large num ms c D cof heat Benny Goodman was equally talented as both jazz performer as well classieal * = c EE) STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION PRETEST 1252e2e2e2e2e2e2e? 27 Nolo sid i engin Se Mana Gna Seed omen ss moving D the staff of the Eastman School in 1925, 28, Irving Berlin wrote “Oh, How I Hate to Get Up in the Morne” while serving in 2 id U.S. Army during World War B 28, Shorly before the Allied invasion of Normandy, Ernest Hemingway has gone to a — =e London as war correspondent for Clie’ cages 30. During the 1960s, the Beeley eampns ofthe University of California came to au national attention as 3 res its radical plies) activity cD 31. Because of the foutsh with which Jon Hancock signed the Declaration of Independence, his name become synonymous with signature oe 32, On the floor of the Pacilic Ocean is hundreds of fat topped mountains more than 3 Boer: mile beneath sea evel 23, Willis Hart was an got best known for is roles as western heros in silent fms * 34. Prior to an extermination program ear * the Tast century, alive wolves roamed err cross nearly all of North Amertea, B 1 ic rd at i rence s a a designed the firs Continental euvency 36. Artist Gutzon Borglom designed the Mount Rushmore Memorial and worked on project from 1925 nll his death in 1981 ss v Fooornencc } 126 STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION RETEST20 ”. 38 as. 40, 2e2e2Qe2e2Qe2e? 1s proving less coatly and more profitably for drugiakers to market di io ar “ct tly to serine sing ts pons 0 sr wt epee spice anci i Like snakes, ards can be found o al thers cortnents except Antartica x ~s “Cc rad B c ‘Banks, savings and loans, and finance companies have recently been doing home ity loans with greater Frequency than ever before, equity tester fraqueney than ever befor, the end of the Structure and Written Expression Pre-Test ‘When you finish the test, you may do the following: * Turn wo the Diagnostic Chart on pages 545-547, and circle the numbers of the questions that you missed. * Turn to Scoring Information on pages 541-582, and determine your TOEFL score, + Turn to the Progress Chart on page 591, and add your score to the chat. oY STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION PRE-TEST 127343434343A343A3 TOEFL POST-TEST SECTION 3 READING COMPREHENSION Time—$5 minutes (including the reading of the directions) Now set your elock for $5 minutes. ‘This section is designed to measure your ability to read and understand short passages similar in {opie and style to those that students are likely to encounter in North American universities and colleges. This ection contains reading passages and questions about the passages Directions: In this section you will rewd several passages. Each one is followed by a number of {Questions about i. You ae to choose the one best answer (A), (B),(C), oF (D) to each question. Then, ‘on your answer shee, find the number of the question and filn the space that corresponds to the Jetier ofthe answer you have chosen, Answer all questions about the information in a passage onthe bass of what is stated or implied sn that passage. Read the following passage John Quincy Adams, who served as the siath president of the United States from 1825 1 1829, i today recognized for his masterful statesmanship and diplomacy. He dedicated his life to public service, both in the presidency and in the various other political ofices that he Line held. Throughout his political career he demonstrated his unswerving belief in freedom of (5). speech the antislavery cause, and the right of Americans tobe free from European and Asian ‘domination. Example Sample Answer To what id John Quincy Adams devote his life? (A). Improving his personal ie (B) Serving the public (©) Increasing his fortune (D) Working om his private business ‘According to the passage, John Quincy Adams “dedicated his life to public service” Therefore, you should choose answer (B) Example 1 Sample Answer Inline 4, the word “unswerving” is closest in meaning to (A) moveable (B) insignificant (©) unchanging (©) diplomatic ‘The passage states that John Quiney Adams demonstrated his unswerving belief “throughout his careet” This implies thatthe belief did not change. Therefore, you should choose answer (C) en — See READING COMPREHENSION POST-TEST 355Line 6) (10) as) 356 34343A34343A343 Questions 1-10 Aspirin origins po back atleast as early as 1758 In that yer, Englishman Edward Stone noticed distinctive biter flavor in the bark of the willow tree, To Stone, this particular bark seemed {ohave much in common with “Peruvian Bark,” which had been used medicinally since the 1640s to teins down fevers and to teat malaria, Stone deci to tet the effectiveness ofthe willow bark. He ‘biained tome, pulverized it into tiny pieces, and conducted experiments on its properties. His tests ‘Scmonstrated that this pulverized wallow bark was effective both in reducing high temperatures and Ineicving aches and pains, In 1763, Stone presented his findings tothe British Royal Society. ‘Scvetal decades later further studies on the medicinal value of the willow bark were being conducied by we Italian scientists. These chemists, Brugnatelli and Fontana, determined thatthe ‘Setive chemical that was responsible forthe medicinal characteristics inthe willow bark was the ‘chemical salicin, which the actve ingredient of today’s aspirin. "The name “aspirin” Is the trade name of the drug based on the chemical slicin, property known as acetyaalicylic acid. The tradename “aspirin” was invented forthe drug inthe 1890s bythe Bayer ‘Drug Company in German. The first bottles of aspirin actually went on sale tothe public just prior to ‘the ur ofthe century, in 1898 1. According to the passage, aspirin 5, What did the willow bark ook like after originated Stone prepared i for is experiments? (A) no ater than 1758 (A) Wewas in large chunks. (8) sometime after 1758 (B) Twas a thick Hiqui. (©) definitly sometime in 1758 (©) Itwas a rough powder (D) no carier than 1758 {D) Twas in strips of bark, 2. Itean be inferred from the passage that (6. The Italian chemists mentioned inthe Pensvian Bark jpascage most probably conducted thelr (A) caused fevers dies on willow bark (8). was ineffective in treating malaria (A) inthe 17505 (©) was described tothe British Royal (B) inthe 17605 ‘Sociey by Stone (©) inthe 17705 (©) wasinuse prior to aspirin () in the 17805 3. Thepronoun“it" inline 5 refers to “7. Whats true about Brognatell and Fontana? (A) malaria (B) willow bark (They were from Italy (©) effectiveness (B) They added chemical tothe willow (D) the British Royal Society ‘ark, (©) They conducted studies onthe willow 4. The word “properties inline S could est, ork ‘ bereplaced by’ (D) They were medical doctors. 8 ewnerin 18. The expression “prior 1" inline 14 could (©) characteristics iia () materials wx (B) before (© during (©) after [eoouorerenrice J [READING COMPREHENSION POST-TEST3434343434343 43 9, The word “tur i line 15 could best be 10, Where in the passage does the author replaced by name the scentifie compound that makes spin tp aspirin? (B) comer (A) Lines 2-4 (©) change (B) Line? (D) reversal (©) Lines 8.9 (D) Lines 12-13 > READING COMPREHENSION POSTTEST 357Live oO (10) us) 358 3434343434343 43 Questions 11-20 Herman Mehille,an American author best known today for his novel Moby Dick, was actually ‘more popular during his lfetime for some of his other works, He traveled extensively and used the knowledge gained during his travels asthe basis for his early novels. In 1887, atthe age of eighteen, Melville signed asa cabin boy an a merchant ship that was to sll from his Massachusetts home to Liverpool, England. His experiences on this rip Served asa ais fr the novel Rebun (1839). 1841 Meluille et out on whaling ship headed forthe South Seas. After jumping ship in Tait he ‘wandered around the islands of Tabi and Moorea. This South Sea island sojourn was a backdrop to the novel Omoo (1847). Aller three years away from home, Melville joined up with a U.S. naval frigate that was returning tothe easter United States around Cape Horn. The novel WhiteJacke (1850) ‘deseribes this lengthy vovage 8s navy seaman With the publication of these early adventure novels, Melville developed a strong and loyal following among readers eager for his tales of exotic places and situations: However in 1851, with the publication of Moby Dick, Mehilles popularity started to diminish, Moby Dick on one lve the saga, ofthe hunt forthe great white whale, was also a heavily symbole allegory afte heroic stugele of humanity against the universe. The public was not ready for Melville hterary metamorphosis from ‘romantic adventure to philosophical symbolism, Iti ironic that the novel that served to diminish “Melvlles popularity during hs fetime isthe one for which he is best know today 11, The main subject ofthe passage is 15. The passage implies that Mebile stayed in (A). Melua’ travels Ta scan (B) the popularity of Melville's novels (A) he had unofficially left his ship (©) Melille’s personal background (B) he was on leave while his hip was in (D) Moby Dick port (©) hehad finished his term of duty 12 According othe passage, Melvilealy (D) ‘he ad received permission to take a novels were ‘vacation in Tahitt. (A) published while he was traveling (B) Completely fietional TAK aes Ree EE pcb a S ie affect Melville's popularity? ois iy Seer a 2 [essence ) READING COMPREHENSION POST-TEST343A3A3A3A3A3 43 18. According to the passage, Moby Dick i 20. ‘The passage would most likely be assigned (A) a romantic adventure eating in & cous on (B) single faceted work (A) incteenth-contury novels (€) short story about a whale (B) Aunerian history (©) symbolic of humanity Bghting the (©) oceanography exvironmment (©) modern American literature 19. The word “metamorphosis inline 15 closest in meaning 10 (a) eirte () change (©) mysticism (D) descent Feoononenarse ) READING COMPREHENSION POSTTEST 3593A3A3A3A3A3A3A43 Questions 21-31 [Although only a small percentage of the electromagnetic radiation that is emitted by the Sun is uitravilet (UV) radiation, the amount that fs emitted would be enough to cause severe damage to teat forms ofifeon Earth were ial to each the surface ofthe Earth. Fortunately all ofthe Suns ine ltravolet radiation dacs not reach the Earth because of a layer of oxygen, called the ozone layer, (3) encircling the Earth inthe stratosphere at an atude of sbout 15 miles above the Earth, The ozone layer absorbs much ofthe Sun ultraviolet radiation and prevents it from reaching the Earth Ozone isa form of oxygen in which each molecule consist of three atoms (0, instead of the ‘so atoms (0;) usualy found in an oxygen molecule. Ozone forms in the stratosphere in a process {that is initiated by ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. UV radiation from the Sun splits oxygen (10) molecules with two atoms into free oxygen atoms, ad each of these unattached oxygen atoms then Joins up with an oxygen molecule to form ozone. UV radiation is also capable of spitting up ozone ‘molecules; thus, ozane is constantly forming, splitting, and reforming inthe stratosphere. When UV Fadiation is absorbed during the process of ozone formation and reformation, tis unable to reach Earth and cause damage there (15) "Recently: however the ozone layer over parts ofthe Earth has been diminishing. Chief among, the culprits in the ease ofthe disappearing ozone, those that are really responsible, are the chloroflarocarbons (CFCs). CFCs meander up from Earth into the stratosphere. where they break ‘down and release chlorine. The released chlorine reacts sith ozone in the stratosphere to form éhlorine manexide (CIO) and exygen (0). The chlorine then becomes fre to go through the eyle (20) over and over again, One chlorine atom can, in fet, destroy hundreds of thousands of ozone ‘molecules in this repetitious cycle, and the effects of this destructive process are now becoming evident, 21. According tothe passage, ultraviolet 24, According tothe passage an ozone radiation from the Sun molecule (A) is causing severe damage tothe (A) consiss of three oxygen molecules Earth ozone layer () contains more oxygen atoms than the (8) ssonlya fraction ofthe Suns ‘sal oxygen molecule docs electromagnetic radiation (©) consists of two oxygen atoms (©) creates electromagnetic radiation () camtains the same number of toms (D) always reaches the Earth ‘as the usual oxygen moleel 22, The word "encircling" inline Siselosest in 25. The word “ree” in line 10 could best be ‘meaning to replaced by (A) rota (A) Herat (8) attacking () gratuitous (© raising (©) unconnected (D) surrounding () emancipated 23. Iie stated inthe passage thatthe ozone 26, Ultraviolet radiation causes oxygen layer molecules (A) enables ultraviolet radiation to reach (A) rise tothe stratosphere the Earth (B) burn uporone molecules (B) reflects ultraviolet radiation (© split up and reform as ozone (©) shields the Barth from ot of (D) reduce the number of ‘ultraviolet radiation ‘hloroflarocarbons (©) reaches down tothe Earth Er 360 READING COMPREHENSION POSTTEST343434A343A34A343 n. 2 2. ‘The pronoun “it” inline 13 refers to (A) radiation (8) process (©) formation (0) damage ‘The word “culprits in line 16s clorest in meaning to which of the following? (A). Guilty parties (B) Detectives (©) Group members (D) Leaders According o the passage, what happens aera chlorine molecule reacts with an forone molecule? (A) The ozone breaks down into three oxygen atoms (B) Two different molecules are created, (C) Thetwo molecules eombine into one molecule (D) Three dstinet molecules resulk 30. Where in the passage does the author 3h explain how much damage chlorine can a (A) Lines 1-3 (B) Lines 12+ (©) Lines 18-19 () Lines 20-22 “The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses (A) the negative results ofthe eycle of ‘orone destruction (B) where chloroflsrocarbons (CFCs) ‘ome fromm (© the causes ofthe destruction of orone ‘molecules (D) how electromagnetic radiation is created Ei READING COMPREHENSION POST-TEST 36Line o 0) us) (20) 362 343 AZ A343 A34343 Questions 32-40 ‘Annumber of nonmetric measurements in common use may at first glance seem to lack the loge tnd clarity ofthe metric sytem, with it measurements all neatly based on tens and mlipes of tens However these nonmetric measurements developed overtime from habitual use of commonplace stems to meke simple measurements. They might not seem like simple measurement today, but such is their histor: The measurements fot and yard developed based on average lengths of body parts. As can be {inferred from the name, the Romans used the term for to describe the length ofa mans for, rom the base of the heel tothe tip ofthe big toe. Though not exactly an accurate measurement, ue to the ‘varying lenaths of men feet, s foot wae a measurement that was easy to conceptualize and visualize by mort people. The term yard was used extensively by the English as the measurement from the tip ofa mane nose tothe tipo his outtreiched thumb. English King Edward I redefined a yard as ‘squivalent to three feet in 1305, and it stil has this meaning today “To describe longer distances, dhe Romans also invented the use ofthe term mile. The wor mile ‘comes from the Latin word mil, which means one thousand. A mile was meant to conform toa “stance of one thousand paces, each pace consisting of two steps or approximately five thousand feet. ‘On the ocean, speed is measured in knots, with one knot roughly equivalent vo one nautical mile per hou: This measurement of speed comes from the days when sailors used knotted rope to ‘Setermine their speed while at sea. A rope was knotted at regular intervals and tossed overboard. The rope ws let out at sand flowed through an hourglass. When the sand had passed through the hourglass, the speed of the boat was determined by counting the number of knots that had been let ost 132, The main idea of the passage i that 35. tis NOT mentioned in the passage that ronmetric measurements theterm yard (A) are, in reality quite iogieal (A) was originally used to describe a (B) lack the clarity of metric ‘measurement bated on body parts, measurements (B) changed in definition in the 14th (©) are actually based on simple concepts century (0) developed from Roman (©) snow equal to three feet aeeeurervenns (D) was in se prior tothe term foot 33, What stated about the term faor as used 36, ‘The word “extensively” in line 10 could by the Romans? best be replaced by (A) had nothing o do with the body (A) lengthily part ofthe same name, (B) precisely (B) Iwas nota standard measurement (©) widely (©) Wewas equal imlength to 10 (B) occasionally footsteps. (D) Teas not very easy for people to 37. What s NOT true, according tothe ‘understand, passage? 34, The word “visualize” in line 9s closest in Fe re i el ee. (A) pleture mentally (B) describe exactly (©) sketch roughly (D) measure precisely READING COMPREHENSION POST-TEST 2 Latin word. (B) The Latin word mille has the samme ‘meanings asthe English word mil (©) Adistance ofa miles approximately 000 steps. (©) Adistance ofa miles roughly ‘equivalent co 5,000 fee. [cooroneserce |3434343A343A3A3 38. What isa “knot” in line 16? 40. Which paragraph discusses examples of 7S Kany GE ian! ‘measurements based on pars of the body? (B) A measure of force (A). The First paragraph (©) Ameasure of time (B) The second paragraph (D) Ameasure of speed (©) The third paragraph (D) The last paragraph 39. I isimplied in the passage that (A) a measurement in knots requires ‘information om both distance and (B) a knot can be used to make ‘measurements on land (© a knotied rope could be used to measure knots without an hours (B) thetterm knot has come tobe used only recently Fen) READING COMPREHENSION POSTTEST 363sine o) wo) us) (20) 3a 3A3 434343434343 Questions 41-50 In the first half ofthe nineteenth century, the US. government decided that it needed to set up a system for protecting Its coastline. t then began building a series of forts along the coast of the aster part ofthe county to acta ts defenses. “Tie largest of these Torts was Fort Jefferson, which was begun in 1846. This frt was built on Garden Key. one ofa closter of small coral islands 70 miles west of Key West. At the time of is ‘Constriction, Fort Jefferson was belcved to be of primary strategic importance othe United States ‘Decauuc uf talocation at the entryay tothe Gulf of Mexico. Because ofits location atthe entrance .o igrent body of water it became Known as the Gibraltar of the Gulf, in reference tothe island located Nine mouth ofthe Medicerancen. The fort tcf was a massive sructore twas hexagonal in shape, swith foot thick yall, and wa surrounded by a medievalstyle moat for added security, Covering nos of the Garden Key, it was approximately half a mile in circumference. Inthe latter haf ofthe nineteenth century, during the Civil War and its aftermath, the fort was tused asa prison rather thai a mltary installation. The most notorious ofits prisoners was Dr. ‘Somacl Mud physician who was most probably innocently involved inthe assassination of [Noraham Lincoln, The actual sseasin, John Wilkes Booth, broke his leg ashe lept from the stage of {the Ford Theater daring the asessination. Dr. Mudd set Booth’: broken leg, unaware of Booth’: Involvement in the assassination, Ara result ofthis action, Dr. Mudd was sentenced to life in prison and remanded to Fort Jefferson. He was pardoned after only four years because of his courageous Cfforts in combatting an epidemic of yellow fever that ravaged the for. ‘Continuous use of Fort Jefferson ended ip the 1870s, although the U.S. Navy continued with sporadic use of it into the twentieth century Today, the massive ruins sil remain om the tiny island That tande guard over the entrance to the gullundisturbed except for the oceasional sightseer who ‘entures out from the cous visi. i, sen lyst 4, eprom nie Isto (nasa oe oo tm 1 amet Soe @ trigracnuncte in Serena a 42. Aldbioningae weesentont 4, Alle b loning med De sends gar Simei O) nenanided 0) tewasamatil ooer 8 Eee at eat 9S tems ett cnn me ree rsa © weit mde ct be tt (S Remsamzray gute 5) atta sordid eae edna an 46 ty ms etter yd in iat © Teneo inn Doc) uate dens of he ean sided (B) Ass penal institution (6) Aca regularly functioning naval base {D) Asa destination for tourists io (D) ‘regular in shape READING COMPREHENSION POST-TEST3434343434343 43 a "Yellow fever” in Hine 19 most ikely (A) an enemy military foree (B) apeison regimen (©) contagious disease (D) aimenial illness ‘What is implied about Fort Jefferson today? (A) isa thriving community (B) Iisa relatively quiet place. (©) Wisstil in use by the U.S. military. (D) remains in good condition 49. Where inthe passage does the author describe an injury to the man who shot Lincoln? (A) Lines 5.7 (B) Lines 13-15 (©) Lines 15-16 (D) Lines 18-19 50, The information in the passage it presented (A) in chronological order (B) by listing examples ofa concept (©) in spatial order (D) by arguing for a hypothesis This Is the end of Section 3. CQOH)ECO ‘When you finish the test, you may do the following: ‘* Turn to the Diagnostic Chart on pages 384500, and circle the numbers of the questions that yeu missed. * Turn to Scoring Information on pages 5N1-582, and determine your TOEFL score, ‘+ Turn to the Progress Chart on page Sill, and add your score to the chart. READING COMPREHENSION POSETEST 365