


227
  227  
 ‫א‬
 EF‫א‬  

 

 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬? ?? EF‫א‬ ?‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  227  
 ‫א‬
 EF‫א‬  

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




 EF‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬4
 ‫א‬8

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE112F

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‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

Welding fundamentals ‫א‬E1F

 DefinitionE1.1
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K،
 Welding types‫א‬‫א‬E2.1
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬FFusion welding‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E1
KE،‫א‬FPressure welding‫א‬‫ א‬E2
E‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K
Applications of welding‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3.1
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬F E1
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ E2
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ E3
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ F‫א‬ E4
E‫א‬F‫א‬ E5
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E6

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‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 Weld joints‫א‬E4.1
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Corner‫א‬  ،Lap‫א‬‫א‬  ،Butt‫א‬
 KT- jointETF  Edge‫א‬
 K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E1.1F‫א‬



 K‫א‬‫א‬WE1.1F‫א‬
 WEdge preparation‫א‬E5.1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬J   ‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
15–4V‫א‬‫א‬K
 KE2.1F‫א‬KK15<X

-3-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE2.1F‫א‬  
 Weld pool‫א‬E6.1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E10<F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E3.1F


 Root run‫א‬
 Filling runs‫א‬‫א‬
 Capping run‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE3.1F‫א‬   



-4-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 WWelding positions‫א‬E7.1
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Koverhead‫א‬،vertical‫א‬،horizontal‫א‬ ،Flat‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E4.1F

 K‫א‬WE4.1F‫א‬
 WWelding movements‫א‬E8.1K
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
KKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KKBackhand‫א‬Forehand‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EWeaving‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E5.1F‫א‬


 WEK5F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 

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‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 


 WEK5F‫א‬
E3>F‫א‬J  ‫א‬‫א‬J
J J 
  ‫א‬E٪30F



 ‫א‬WEK5F‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬WE5.1F‫א‬

-7-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 


 Basic weld symbols‫א‬‫א‬E9.1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE6.1F‫א‬



 ‫א‬WE6.1F‫א‬   

 WE7.1F‫א‬‫א‬EF



   
 WE7.1F‫א‬  

-8-
‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 


 W8.1‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬WE8.1F‫א‬ 
 W9.1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬WE9.1F‫א‬  

 W10.1‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬WE10.1F‫א‬   

-9-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 


 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬A ‫א‬F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬P    ‫א‬L
 ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E11.1F‫א‬

 ‫א‬WE11.1F‫א‬  




- 10 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 WSafety rules‫א‬‫א‬E10.1
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1.10.1
Safety precautions in electric Arc - welding
 ‫ א‬J 1
 KHot part ‫א‬ •
 KDry and hole – free Gloves‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{ ‫א‬{‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 K(hot work permit)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
Ventilation ‫א‬ J 2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬{‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
 highly toxic‫א‬EPhosgene)‫א‬

- 11 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬J 3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 Kcover plate ‫א‬fliter plate‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬  •
 K‫א‬ •
 K •
K‫א‬ •

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.10.1
Safety precautions in Oxy Acetylene welding
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E1
K‫א‬‫א‬ E2
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E3
K10‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E5
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E6
K‫א‬‫א‬ E7
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E8
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(reducing valve)‫א‬ E10

- 12 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬،K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E11
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ E12
K‫א‬‫א‬E13
K‫א‬‫א‬E14
 K‫א‬‫א‬E15
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E16
 W‫א‬
K10‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E17
K‫א‬E18
K‫א‬‫א‬E19
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E20

 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E21
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E22
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E23

 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬E24
 KECO2F‫א‬‫א‬E25
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E26
 K‫א‬ E27

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E28
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، E29
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ E30
 K‫א‬،‫א‬E31
 K‫א‬E32
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E33
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E34
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E35
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ E36
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬E37
K،‫א‬ E38
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E39
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E40

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ E1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E2
 ‫א‬ E3
 K‫א‬EFKEF
 K‫א‬EF  EF
K‫א‬E5K‫א‬‫א‬ E4
K‫א‬E7K‫א‬‫א‬E6
 W‫א‬‫א‬E9KE8

- 14 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 



 K‫א‬‫א‬5E10
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E11
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬6E12
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬6E13

- 15 -
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

-1-
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 







 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 _______________________



- 16 -
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬4
 K‫א‬4

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬









- 17 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 Thermal welding‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
   E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 E‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J
 E‫א‬F‫א‬J
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬J
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Electric arc welding‫א‬‫א‬E1.2
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WWE1.1.2
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬1881‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1895‫א‬‫א‬‘K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬1905K‫א‬
‫א‬KK‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




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‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬E2.1.2K
‫א‬EBase metal‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ -
 KKKE‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬E3–2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬E‫א‬
‫א‬E1.2F‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KK‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬WE1.2F‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬E3.1.2
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬
  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Dip or short circuiting – transfer‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE2.2F‫א‬KE‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬WE2.2F‫א‬



- 20 -
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 Spray transfer‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKK
 KE3.2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬WE3.2F‫א‬
Pulsed transfer ‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE4.2F‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬WE4.2F‫א‬




- 21 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 WTypes of Arc welding ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EE4.1.2K

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KBare electrode‫א‬J
WEF‫א‬‫ א‬-
Shielded arc welding ‫א‬‫א‬ E
Submerged arc welding‫א‬‫א‬ E

 WEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬E‫א‬F E
K Tungesten Inert gas arc welding TIG
Metal inert gas  (MIGF‫א‬‫א‬ E

arc welding
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E5.2F‫א‬


  
‫א‬    

 
  TIG MIG
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE5.2F‫א‬




- 22 -
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 WAdvantages of arc welding ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E5.1.2

˚4000‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬J   K -
 WElectric current ‫א‬‫א‬E6.1.2
KDirect current‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KAlternating current‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬690 -
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
Current [A] x arc voltage [V] x 60
Heat input (kj/s) = ------------------------------------------- -
 Travel speed [mm / min] x 1000
،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
E6.2F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬WE6.2F‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1.6.1.2
K6.32.5‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 EFEF  EF
 9050 2.5
 130 65  3.2
 185 110   4.0
 250 150   5.0
 315 200  6.0
 350 220   6.3

Types ofPolarity‫א‬E2.6.1.2
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Indirect polarity  Direct polarity
 EF‫א‬J  EF‫א‬J
 ‫א‬J  ‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬J   ‫א‬J
 J   J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J







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‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2
 K‫א‬‫א‬E3
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E5
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E6
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E7
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E8

 W‫א‬‫א‬E9

 K‫א‬‫א‬EF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬E10
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF   ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF ‫א‬‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E11

 ‫א‬EF   ‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬EF    ‫א‬EF

- 25 -
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 








 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ___________________________
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ___________________________

- 26 -
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K،‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬2
 K‫א‬12

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




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 ‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.2
 E1.2.2
‫א‬‫א‬1914‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
H2‫א‬O2‫א‬F‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬N2‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E7.2F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  
 ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬
Shielded Arc welding submerged Arc welding 
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 KJ 19301914
 K‫א‬WE7.2F‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.2.2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E8.2F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE8.2F‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬E3.2.2
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J
 ‫א‬   J
    J
 ‫א‬   J
 K‫א‬ J

 W،‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬KAcid coverings‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬Cellulosic coverings‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬Rutile coverings‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬25 to 30 ml/100g
‫א‬‫א‬Basic coverings‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E4.2.2
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 W‫א‬E5.2.2
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬DIN‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
156‫א‬BS639‫א‬‫א‬K155148[1]
 K161
EAWSFAmerican welding society‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E – 6010‫א‬K
 W

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 ‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 E420 N.mm-2F‫א‬60000‫א‬60
3،‫א‬2FK‫א‬‫א‬ 1
 E‫א‬
 ، 0
 1J
 K
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F2J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3J
K‫א‬‫א‬4J
K‫א‬‫א‬5J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 6J
K‫א‬7J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 8J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
A1, B1, ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬B2,…
:‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
6010200110‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K


- 31 -
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2
 ‫؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬E2
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E4
 W‫א‬‫א‬E5
E – 55 2 4
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E6

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬EF  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

- 32 -
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 










 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
MIG
 ______________________

- 33 -
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K،EMIG)0‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬4
 K‫א‬8

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3.2
Metal Inert gas arc welding (MIG)
KK19501920‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬MIG‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬TIG‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E2400F‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬E1.3.2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KMIG‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E9.2F‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 MIG - Metal inert gas arc welding‫א‬‫א‬WE9.2F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

MIG - Equipment‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.3.2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E10.2F‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE10.2F‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K

 W‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬








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‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E11.2F‫א‬
 KK‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬



 ‫א‬K‫א‬WE11.2F‫א‬  
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E12.2F‫א‬K

- 37 -
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 


 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬WE12.2F‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

- 38 -
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

Inert gases‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3.3.2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 W‫א‬‫א‬J
       
       
       ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬
       
     
 K      

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪5‫א‬

- 39 -
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1
 EF   ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF   ‫א‬‫א‬EF

 WMIG‫א‬‫א‬E2
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF   ‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬EF ‫א‬‫א‬EF

 WMIG‫א‬E3
  ‫א‬EF
 EF
  EF
 EF

 WMIG ‫א‬E4
 EF EF   EF

 W‫א‬MIG‫א‬‫א‬E5
 EF   EF
 EF   EF

 WMIG‫א‬E6
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬EF
‫א‬EF‫א‬EF

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
   EF‫א‬ 












 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 TIG
 _________________________________

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
   EF‫א‬ 


 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،ETIGF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬2
 K‫א‬4

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
   EF‫א‬ 

 Tungesten inert gas arc welding ‫א‬‫א‬E4.2

‫א‬E1.4.2
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E13.2F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3400F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬WE13.2F‫א‬
 
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬TIG‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E200F‫א‬‫א‬
 KEHigh frequencyF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
   EF‫א‬ 

TIG‫א‬‫א‬E2.4.2
‫א‬MIG‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E14.2F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KTIG‫א‬

 TIG‫א‬‫א‬WE14.2F‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
   EF‫א‬ 

 TIG‫א‬E3.4.2
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E15.2F‫א‬


 TIGWE15.2F‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E16.2F‫א‬K


 TIGWE16.2F‫א‬  

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
   EF‫א‬ 

 TIGE
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E17.2F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 TIGWE17.2F‫א‬   
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4.4.2
‫א‬‫א‬4.5–1.5‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬٪2J 1‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬J  ‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J   ‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J   ‫א‬‫א‬J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
   EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E5.4.2
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- 47 -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
   EF‫א‬ 

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
   EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1

 ‫א‬‫א‬EF  ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬EF  ‫א‬‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2
 ‫א‬EF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬E3
 ‫א‬EF   ‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬EF   ‫א‬EF
 WTIG‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF ‫א‬EF
 WTIG ‫א‬E5

 EF
 EF
  EF
 KEF
 WTIG‫א‬E6
 ‫א‬EF  ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬EF   ‫א‬EF

- 49 -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
   EF‫א‬ 

 WTIG‫א‬‫א‬E7
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF  ‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬TIG‫א‬‫א‬E8
 KEF  EF EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬TIG‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E9
 KEF  EF EF

 WTIG‫א‬‫א‬E10
 A300EF ‫א‬EF ‫א‬EF


















- 50 -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
   EF‫א‬ 





 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 TIG
 _________________________________

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
   EF‫א‬ 


 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،ETIGF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬2
 K‫א‬4

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
   EF‫א‬ 

 Tungesten inert gas arc welding ‫א‬‫א‬E4.2

‫א‬E1.4.2
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E13.2F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3400F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬WE13.2F‫א‬
 
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬TIG‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E200F‫א‬‫א‬
 KEHigh frequencyF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
   EF‫א‬ 

TIG‫א‬‫א‬E2.4.2
‫א‬MIG‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E14.2F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KTIG‫א‬

 TIG‫א‬‫א‬WE14.2F‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
   EF‫א‬ 

 TIG‫א‬E3.4.2
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E15.2F‫א‬


 TIGWE15.2F‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E16.2F‫א‬K


 TIGWE16.2F‫א‬  

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
   EF‫א‬ 

 TIGE
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E17.2F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 TIGWE17.2F‫א‬   
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4.4.2
‫א‬‫א‬4.5–1.5‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬٪2J 1‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬J  ‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J   ‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J   ‫א‬‫א‬J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
   EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E5.4.2
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- 57 -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
   EF‫א‬ 

- 58 -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
   EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1

 ‫א‬‫א‬EF  ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬EF  ‫א‬‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2
 ‫א‬EF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬E3
 ‫א‬EF   ‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬EF   ‫א‬EF
 WTIG‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF ‫א‬EF
 WTIG ‫א‬E5

 EF
 EF
  EF
 KEF
 WTIG‫א‬E6
 ‫א‬EF  ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬EF   ‫א‬EF
 WTIG‫א‬‫א‬E7
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF  ‫א‬EF
- 59 -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
   EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬EF  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬TIG‫א‬‫א‬E8
 KEF  EF EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬TIG‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E9
 KEF  EF EF

 WTIG‫א‬‫א‬E10
 A300EF ‫א‬EF ‫א‬EF








- 60 -
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

3
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K،

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬3
 K‫א‬8

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 Gas welding‫א‬‫א‬E3
 ‫א‬‫א‬E1.2
‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFillerF‫א‬EWeld poolF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬EBeadF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E1.3F‫א‬

K
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E1.3F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1.3
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ˚‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ˚‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  2526 C3H8‫א‬  2538  CH4‫א‬
  2650  H2  2900 KC3H4‫א‬
 3087 C2H2‫א‬   2927  C2H4‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ Acetylene (C2H2 , 92.3 % C , 7.7 % H)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬1815KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬



‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1892
 KL35K‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬1774K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪20,9‫א‬
K218J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬860‫א‬‫א‬

 Gas welding equipment‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3.3

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.3F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬E2.3F‫א‬
 KK

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 WCylinders‫א‬‫א‬E1.3.3
39010K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
8–713021‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬E3
‫א‬L7–5150‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬54100‫א‬30‫א‬
L5–315‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EatuF2L1.5600
 ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W،‫א‬‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE3.3F‫א‬



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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 WPressure gauge‫א‬E2.3.3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE4.3F‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬WE4.3F‫א‬  
 WRegulator‫א‬E3.3.3
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WSafety valve‫א‬E4.3.3
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K160K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WTorchE‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬E5.3.3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ KK‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
KK‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬KE300.2F‫א‬‫א‬EBase metalF
 ‫א‬E5.3F‫א‬



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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

   
 E‫א‬F‫א‬WE5.3F‫א‬
 WHoses‫א‬‫א‬E6.3.3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K5K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E6.3F‫א‬K
      



 ‫א‬‫א‬WE6.3F‫א‬   

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 WFlame types‫א‬‫א‬E4.3

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬º25003000‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬º1000
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Kº1800‫א‬
 K‫א‬E7.3F‫א‬K‫א‬




 ‫א‬WE7.3F‫א‬  


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Carburizing flame‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬WE8.3F‫א‬   
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Oxidizing flame‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬WE9.3F‫א‬  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Neutral flame ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬WE10.3F‫א‬  






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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3
 K‫א‬‫א‬E4

 W‫א‬E5
 EF   ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬EF   ‫א‬‫א‬EF

 WE6
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4

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 EF‫א‬



4
‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 












 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
_________________________

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 ‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
 KK‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬3
 K‫א‬4

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 Resistance welding‫א‬‫א‬E1.4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬65000100254
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬E1.1.4
Direct F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Ecurrent
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E1.4F‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬WE1.4F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬KE2.4F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE2.4F‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.1.4
 WE6.4FE3.4F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬EFSeam welding‫א‬‫א‬J

K
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE3.4F‫א‬  

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‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬Projection resistsnce welding‫א‬‫א‬J

 E4.4F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WE4.4F‫א‬
KE 65000FFlash welding‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E5.4F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬WE5.4F‫א‬



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‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3.1.4
 ،J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 E0.004 inF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬J 
 Thermit welding‫א‬E3.4
 ‫א‬E1.3.4
‫א‬٪2‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E1F،K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬E2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE3F‫א‬‫א‬
E6.4F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬

K‫א‬WE6.4F‫א‬  

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‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬E2.2.4
 KJ
 K‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬J
 WSoldering and brazing‫א‬‫א‬E3.4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 KK‫א‬‫א‬{
 ‫א‬E1.3.4
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
0.07 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE8.4F‫א‬



   
 ‫א‬WE8.4F‫א‬  

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‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬E9.4F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬WE9.4F‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E750‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
Filler rod‫א‬E2.3.4
،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
    ٪٪‫א‬٪
 ‫א‬‫א‬220J 1834.50.595
 ‫א‬236J 183  60 J J 40
  ‫א‬ 214J 183 49.5 0.550
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE1F‫א‬ 

،،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬K

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 ‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬E2F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 º‫א‬‫א‬ ٪ ٪‫א‬ ٪‫א‬
 870–760  0.85‫א‬  50   50
 870–860  0.85  45   54
 900J 860  10  40   50
 800–705 714 J J    79
   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE2F‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3.3.4
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

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‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬E1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3
K‫א‬ E4
K‫א‬‫א‬ E5
 K‫א‬ E6
K‫א‬ E7
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E8

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‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
  EF‫א‬ 











 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 _____________________
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 _____________________

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‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
  EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬1

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
  EF‫א‬ 

 Advanced welding processesE4.4

 Electron beam welding‫א‬‫א‬E1.4.4

 W‫א‬E1.1.4.4
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
K15000‫א‬‫א‬L224000‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Q = 0.212 . E (V). I (A)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K900‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E10.4F‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬WE10.4F‫א‬ 

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‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
  EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.1.4.4
  -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬ -
KEVacuumF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
E12000<F‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬J

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‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
  EF‫א‬ 

 Arc – plasma welding‫א‬E2.4.4

 W‫א‬E1.2.4.4
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K11000‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬2J 1‫א‬‫א‬
 KE11.4F


 ‫א‬WE11.4F‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬E2.2.4.4
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
150‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬153 -
0.1 J K



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 ‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
  EF‫א‬ 

 Laser beam welding‫א‬E3.4.4

 W‫א‬E1.3.4.4
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٪050
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬4000‫א‬
 K‫א‬E12.4F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


    
 ‫א‬WE12.4F‫א‬  

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‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
  EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬ E1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E2

 K‫א‬ E3
‫א‬‫א‬ E4

 K‫א‬ E5
 ‫א‬‫א‬ E6















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 EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

48
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬2

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E5
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1.5
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Non – ferrous Ferrous‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE
 E‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Cast iron    Steel
 Grey CI    Carbon steel
 White CIJ     ‫א‬ -
Ductile CIJ   ‫א‬ -
   ‫א‬ -
   Alloyed steel
 ‫א‬J
 ‫א‬J
       ‫א‬J
  
 ‫א‬E2.5
 ‫א‬‫א‬W
 0.02 – 0,22٪‫א‬J
 K‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬W
 0.22 – 0,4٪‫א‬J
 KJ
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬W
 0.45 – 0,8٪‫א‬J
 KJ
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
Ni‫א‬Cr‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 Mn‫א‬Ti‫א‬Mo‫א‬W‫א‬V‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

2.5 F‫א‬E٪2.5F‫א‬W‫א‬
٪5510F‫א‬E٪10
W‫א‬‫א‬ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
 •
 W‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬

‫א‬ •
Stress reliefingE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ •

 ‫א‬‫א‬E2,5
 ٪4.6٪2‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 KE٪70٪30F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K600–500‫א‬ •
٪50‫א‬‫א‬ •
K٪3٪47
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬E4.5
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2050
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬٪5‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 W‫א‬‫א‬E1
٪28٪50‫א‬G
 K٪8٪14
 ٪2٪5G
 K5G
 K‫א‬G
 K260–250‫א‬E2

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪350–300‫א‬E3
٪50٪15‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K٪35
‫א‬100–14‫א‬MIG‫א‬J
 K140.5TIG
75002‫א‬‫א‬J
 K0.1231000‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E5.5
،E‫א‬5.5F‫א‬‫א‬Cu‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K
٪0.2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬٪0.3
٪20٪10‫א‬٪70‫א‬J
 K
 K500–400J
EZn‫א‬F‫א‬EHFE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K907
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E5
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E6
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E7
K‫א‬‫א‬ E8
 K‫א‬‫א‬ E9












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 EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

6
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬4
 K‫א‬4

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 WWelding defects‫א‬E6
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬E1.6
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
500‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 KK‫א‬‫א‬ -

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


   
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE1.6F‫א‬  



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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬E2.6
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬E1.2.6
 ‫א‬J
 EAging‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬_‫א‬‫א‬_‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 KFatigue‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ AlZr،Ti
 KK‫א‬
 W‫א‬J
5 – 30 ml/ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
100g
‫א‬K،W
EHazF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
[H] ‫א‬‫א‬HF‫א‬‫א‬
 + (F) ---- (HF)

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‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬Fe3O4‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
[FeO] + (SiO2) ----- (SiO2.FeO)
 {K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.2.6
 S‫א‬J
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 0.01%‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K1190‫א‬‫א‬EFeSF‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1450–1500
MnAlTiO2‫א‬CaF2‫א‬‫א‬
٪5O2K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬SiO2‫א‬
 KP‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬0.02%‫א‬
1170Fe3P‫א‬
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬P2O5 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ECaOF3
------- (Ca3P2O8)F3CaOE[P2O5] +

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3.2.6
‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬E
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1F‫א‬E0F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E2.6F‫א‬E62


 ‫א‬‫א‬WE2.6F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
25‫א‬6J 2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 


 E1300–01000‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
E900–723F‫א‬‫א‬ -

E750–500F‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E500–100F‫א‬ -
 W‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 WCarbon equivalent‫א‬‫א‬
C.e. = C% + Mn%/6 + (Cr% + Mo% + V%) / 5 + (Ni% +Cu%)/15
 W
 300 VPN> ‫א‬ 0.38%Z‫א‬‫א‬
 VPN300Z‫א‬0.4Z‫א‬‫א‬
 400 VPNZ‫א‬0.5%Z‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K300 VPN ‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
E200J 75F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K300 ml / 100g

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 Distortion‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 KK
 W‫א‬
  -
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  -
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬50–40‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E4.2.6
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E3.6
 ‫א‬E1.3.6
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬J
 W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ BS 5500‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬6–3 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪2 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬
 K1<K151> ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.3.6
 K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬E
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬E
،‫א‬،‫א‬،،‫א‬،
 EKKKKKKKK،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬E
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K

 ‫א‬‫א‬E3.3.6
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬J  ‫؟؟‬‫א‬J  ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬J  ‫א‬J  ‫א‬‫א‬J  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  

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‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 Weldments inspection methods‫א‬E4.6

Destructive testing methods‫א‬‫א‬E1.4.6
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬BS2633 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ASME 9
 ‫א‬‫א‬E
K‫א‬E3.6F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬



 K‫א‬‫א‬WE3.6F‫א‬  










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‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E
 EF‫א‬E4.6F‫א‬EF‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬WE4.6F‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬E5.6F‫א‬KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬WE5.6F‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

Non – destructive testing methods ‫א‬‫א‬E2.4.6

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬E Ray–X F‫א‬،EUltra SonicF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEDye penterantF‫א‬‫א‬EMagnet Field
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Visual inspection ‫א‬‫א‬E1.2.4.6
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
E6.6F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 



 ‫א‬‫א‬WE6.6F‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 Dye penetrant‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.2.4.6
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
K‫א‬KK‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬ E

KK‫א‬EF E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 ‫א‬‫א‬KE7.6F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE7.6F‫א‬ 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 WUltrasonic waves‫א‬‫א‬E2.2.4.6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E8.6F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K،‫א‬

  
‫א‬‫א‬WE8.6F‫א‬  

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 WX – Ray test‫א‬‫א‬E3.2.4.6
‫א‬KX‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،K‫א‬
‫א‬E9.6F‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
  K‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬WE9.6F‫א‬   
Magnetic field test‫א‬‫א‬E4.2.4.6
،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK
 KK‫א‬E10.6F‫א‬KKE5–3

 ‫א‬‫א‬WE10.6F‫א‬ 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

Pressure test‫א‬E5.2.4.6
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E11.6F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬


    
‫א‬‫א‬WE11.6F‫א‬  

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF    ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF   ‫א‬‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF    ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF    ‫א‬‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF    EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4
 EF    EF
 ‫א‬EF    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬E5
 EF    ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF     EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬E6
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF   ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 KEF  ‫א‬‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬E7
 ‫א‬EF ‫א‬EF ‫א‬EF ‫א‬EF

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬E8
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF  ‫א‬EF ‫א‬EF ‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E9
 ‫א‬EF ‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF ‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬E10
 EF‫א‬‫א‬EF ‫א‬EF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

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 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬ 

Glossary

acceptance ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬
accessories ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻘﺎت‬
accurate ‫ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬،‫ دﻗﻴﻖ‬، ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻢ‬
achieve ‫ﻳﺤﻘﻖ‬
adjusting ‫ﺿﺒﻂ‬
allowance ‫ﺳﻤﺎح‬
alloyed steel ‫ﺻﻠﺐ ﺳﺒﺎﺋﻜﻰ‬
alloying elements ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﺒﺎﺋﻜﻴﺔ‬
American welding society ‫هﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻠﺤﺎم اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬
angular distortion ‫ﺗﺸﻮﻩ زاوي‬
approval ‫ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ‬،‫ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻖ‬
approve ‫ ﻳﻔﺤﺺ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬، ‫ﻳﺼﺪق‬
approximation ‫ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬،‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬
Arc ‫ﻗﻮس‬
arc length ‫ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻘﻮس‬، ‫ﺟﺬع اﻟﻘﻮس‬
arc voltage ‫ﺟﻬﺪ اﻟﻘﻮس‬
asymmetrical ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ‬
atmosphere ‫اﻟﺠﻮ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬
average ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
Backfire ‫أﺷﻌﺎل رﺟﻮﻋﻲ‬
Backhand ‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺗﻘﻬﻘﺮي‬
basic covering ‫ﻣﺴﺤﻮق ﻗﺎﻋﺪي‬
Bead ‫اﻟﺪرزة‬
behaviour ‫ﺗﺼﺮف‬
Bending test ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺤﻨﻰ‬
Brazing ‫ﻟﺤﺎم اﻟﻤﻮﻧﺔ‬
Butt joint ‫وﺻﻠﺔ ﺗﻨﺎآﺒﻴﺔ‬
Capacity ‫ﺳﻌﺔ‬
capping run ‫اﻟﺸﻮط اﻷﺧﻴﺮ ﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬
Carburizing flame ‫ﻟﻬﺐ ﻣﻜﺮﺑﻦ‬
cellulosic coverings ‫ﺳﻴﺴﻠﻴﻠﻮزﻳﺔ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬
characteristics ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬
check ‫ﻳﺨﺘﺒﺮ‬
client ‫زﺑﻮن‬
Corner joint ‫وﺻﻠﺔ رآﻨﻴﺔ‬
 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬ 

cold pressure welding ‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺒﺎرد‬

composition ‫ﺗﺮآﻴﺐ‬
concentration ‫ﺗﺮآﻴﺰ‬
constituents ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬
contamination ‫ ﺷﻮاﺋﺐ‬،‫ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻨﺎت‬
contraction ‫اﻧﻜﻤﺎش‬
Cracks ‫ﺷﻘﻮق‬
crater ‫ﺣﻔﺮة‬
cross section ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬
current supply ‫اﻣﺪاد ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬
Cylinder ‫أﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ‬
De-oxidation ‫اﺧﺘﺰال‬
depth ‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬
Destructive testing ‫اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻻﺗﻼﻓﻰ‬
Direct polarity ‫ﻗﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬
Dye penetrant ‫ﺳﻮاﺋﻞ ﻧﺎﻓﺬة‬
Edge joint ‫وﺻﻠﺔ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬
edge preparation ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ اﻟﺤﻮاف‬
Electric arc ‫ﻗﻮس آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬
Electric resistance ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
Electrode ‫ﻗﻄﺐ‬
electrode efficiency ‫آﻔﺎءة اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮود‬
essential parameters ‫ﻣﻘﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﻬﻤﺔ‬
expansion ‫ﺗﻤﺪد‬
final run ‫اﻟﺸﻮط اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻰ‬
Filler ‫ ﻣﺎدة اﻟﺤﺸﻮ‬، ‫ﺳﻠﻚ اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬
Filling runs ‫أﺷﻮاط ﺗﻌﺒﺌﺔ‬
fixed ‫ ﻣﺤﺪد‬،‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
Flame ‫ﻟﻬﺐ‬
flame cone ‫ﻣﺨﺮوط اﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬
Flame core ‫ﻗﻠﺐ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬
Flame cutting ‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬
Flash welding ‫ﻟﺤﺎم وﻣﻀﻲ‬
flashing back ‫وﻣﺾ ﺧﻠﻔﻲ‬
Flat ‫ﺳﻔﻠﻲ‬
flow of current ‫ﺳﺮﻳﺎن اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬
Forehand ‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻲ‬
formula ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن‬
 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬ 

fracture ‫آﺴﺮ‬
Friction welding ‫ﻟﺤﺎم أﺣﺘﻜﺎآﻲ‬
Fusion welding ‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺣﺮاري‬
gap ‫ ﺛﻐﺮة‬،‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﺌﻴﻦ‬
Gas igniter ‫ﻣﺸﻌﻞ اﻟﻐﺎز‬
generator ‫ﻣﻮﻟﺪ‬
Hardness test ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺼﻼدة‬
heat distribution ‫ﺗﻮزع اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
heat input ‫ إدﺧﺎل ﺣﺮارة‬،‫ﺗﺴﺨﻴﻦ‬
heat source ‫ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
high frequency ‫ﺗﺮدد ﻋﺎﻟﻰ‬
Horizontal ‫أﻓﻘﻲ‬
Hose ‫ﺧﺮﻃﻮم‬
Hose clips ‫ﻣﺎﺳﻜﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﻃﻮم‬
hot pressure welding ‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ‬
Impact test ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺼﺪم‬
improvement ‫ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬، ‫ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ‬
indirect polarity ‫ﻗﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬
induction heating ‫ﺗﺴﺨﻴﻦ ﺑﺘﻴﺎر ﺣﺜﻲ‬
Inert gas ‫ﻏﺎز ﺧﺎﻣﻞ‬
Influence ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
Inlet ‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ‬
Inspection ‫ﻓﺤﺺ‬
Inversely ‫ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺎ‬
inverter ‫ﻣﻐﻴﺮ ﺗﻴﺎر‬
keyholing ‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﺛﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬
killed steel ‫ﺻﻠﺐ ﻣﺨﻤﺪ‬
lap joint ‫وﺻﻠﺔ ﺗﺮاآﺒﻴﺔ‬
leakage ‫ﺗﺴﺮب‬
light fabrications ‫أﻧﺸﺎءات ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔ‬
limitations ‫ﺣﺪود‬
Load ‫ﺣﻤﻞ‬
longitudinal expansion ‫ﺗﻤﺪد ﻃﻮﻟﻰ‬
Magnetic field ‫ﻣﺠﺎل ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ‬
Metal inert gas Arc welding MIG‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺮود ﻳﻨﺼﻬﺮ وﻏﺎز ﺧﺎﻣﻞ‬
mild steel ‫ﺻﻠﺐ ﻃﺮي‬
Mixing chamber ‫ﺣﻴﺰ اﻟﺨﻠﻂ‬
Neutral flame ‫ﻟﻬﺐ ﻣﺘﻌﺎدل‬
 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬ 

Non - destructive testing ‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﻏﻴﺮ اﺗﻼﻓﻰ‬

Nozzle ‫ﻓﻮهﺔ‬
Occur ‫ﻳﺤﺪث‬
Orifice ‫ﻓﻮهﺔ‬
Outlet ‫ﻣﺨﺮج‬
Outlet ‫ﻣﺨﺮج‬
Overhead ‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺳﻘﻔﻲ‬
Oxidizing flame ‫ﻟﻬﺐ ﻣﺆآﺴﺪ‬
parent metal ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪن اﻟﻤﺠﺎور‬
passage of electricity ‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء ﻣﺮور‬
Phase ‫ﻃﻮر‬
Pin holes ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻣﺎت‬
Porosity ‫ﻓﺠﻮات ﻏﺎزﻳﺔ‬
power source ‫ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
preheating ‫ﺗﺴﺨﻴﻦ أوﻟﻰ‬
Pressure gauge ‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻀﻐﻆ‬
pressure vessels ‫ﺧﺰاﻧﺎت ﺿﻐﻂ‬
pridect ‫ ﺗﻮﻗﻊ‬،‫ﺗﻨﺒﺄ‬
procedure ‫ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬
protection ‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬
Protective cap ‫ﻏﻄﺎء ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬
purpose ‫ﻏﺮض‬
rapidly developing ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻮر ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬
Rays ‫أﺷﻌﺔ‬
rectifier ‫ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬، ‫ﻣﻘﻮم‬
regulator ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻢ‬
requirements ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬
residual stresses ‫اﺟﻬﺎدات ﻣﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ‬
response ‫ رد ﻓﻌﻞ‬،‫ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
root run ‫ﺷﻮط اﻟﺠﺬر‬
rutile coverings ‫)ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ روﺗﻴﻠﻴﺔ ) أآﺴﻴﺪ ﺗﻴﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮم‬
Salg inclusions ‫ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻨﺎت ﺧﺒﺜﻴﺔ‬
sample ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬
seam welding ‫)ﻟﺤﺎم ﺷﺮﻳﻄﻲ )ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
shematic diagram ‫رﺳﻢ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻰ‬
Shielded Arc welding ‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺮود ﻣﻐﻠﻒ‬
shrinkage ‫ ﺗﻘﻠﺺ‬، ‫اﻧﻜﻤﺎش‬
Slag ‫ﺧﺒﺚ‬
 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬ 

Slot ‫ﺣﺰ‬
Soldering ‫ﻟﺤﺎم اﻟﺴﻤﻜﺮة‬
Spanner ‫ﻣﻔﺘﺎح رﺑﻂ‬
Splash of metal ‫ رذاذ اﻟﻤﻌﺪن‬- ‫رﺷﺎش‬
Spot welding ( ‫ﻟﺤﺎم اﻟﺒﻘﻌﺔ )اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
straightening ‫ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﻢ‬، ‫اﺳﺘﻌﺪال‬
stress concentration ‫ﺗﻤﺮآﺰ اﻻﺟﻬﺎدات‬
Submerged Arc welding ‫ﻟﺤﺎم اﻟﻘﻮس اﻟﻤﻐﻤﻮرة‬
supplying ‫اﻹﻣﺪاد‬
symmetrical ‫ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ‬
T- Joint T ‫وﺻﻠﺔ ﺣﺮف‬
Tensile test ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺸﺪ‬
termination ‫أﺑﻌﺎد‬،‫ ﻗﺺ‬،‫إزاﻟﺔ‬
thermal conductivity ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬
Thermit welding ‫ﻟﺤﺎم اﻟﺜﺮﻣﻴﺖ‬
thershold ‫ﺣﺪ أﻗﺼﻰ‬
tool steel ‫ﺻﻠﺐ اﻟﻌﺪد )ﺻﻠﺐ ﺳﺒﺎﺋﻜﻰ‬
Torch (‫ﻣﺸﻌﻞ )ﺑﻮري‬
transverse shrinkage ‫اﻧﻜﻤﺎش ﻋﺮﺿﻲ‬
Tungesten Arc welding TIG ‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺮود ﺗﻨﺠﺴﺘﻦ‬
Ultra Sonic ‫ﻓﻮق ﺳﻤﻌﻰ‬
Ultrasonic testing ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت ﻓﻮق اﻟﺴﻤﻌﻴﺔأ‬
Underbead cracks ‫ﺷﻘﻮق داﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
Undercut ‫ﻗﺺ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
vacuum chamber ‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻎ اﻟﻬﻮاء‬
Valve ‫ﺻﻤﺎم‬
ventilation ‫ﺗﻬﻮﻳﺔ‬
Vertical ‫رأﺳﻲ‬
Visual inspection ‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﺑﺼﺮي ) ﻳﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬
Weld pool ‫ﺣﻮض اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬
Weld quality ‫ﺟﻮدة اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬
Weldability ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬
Welding ‫ﻟﺤﺎم‬
welding defects ‫ﻋﻴﻮب اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬
welding positions ‫أوﺿﺎع اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬
Welding technique ‫اﻷﺳﻠﻮب اﻟﻔﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬
Working pressure ‫ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

1978،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E1
 K
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬KK،،‫א‬ E2
K1982

Welding principles and applications, Larry Jeffus, 4th edition, Delmar E3

publisherUSA, 1999.

Welding Engineering,R.L. Agrawal, Khanna publisher, Delhi, 1985. E4

 1987،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬K،‫א‬ E5

Practical welding, S. Gibson, Mcmillan press, London, 1994 E6

Principles of welding , L. M. Gourd, thitd edition, Edward Arnold, 1995, E7
London

2006،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ E8

rd
 Work shop Technology, part 3, W.A.J. Chapman, 3 Edition, Arnold, 1986 E9
 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 31 ‫א‬E1.1
 3 ‫א‬‫א‬E2.1
 3 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3.1
 4 ‫א‬E4.1
 4 ‫א‬E5.1
 5 ‫א‬E6.1
 6 ‫א‬E7.1
 6 ‫א‬E8.1
 8 ‫א‬‫א‬E9.1
 11 ‫א‬‫א‬E10.1
 11 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1.10.1
 12 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.10.1
 15 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 3 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2
 3 ‫א‬‫א‬E1.2
 3 E1.1.2
 4 ‫א‬‫א‬E2.1.2
 5 ‫א‬‫א‬E3.1.2
 7 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4.1.2
 8 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E5.1.2
 8 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E6.1.2
 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬ 

 9 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1.6.1.2
 9 ‫א‬E2.1.6.2
 10 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 13 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.2
 13 E1.2.2
 14 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.2.2
 14 ‫א‬‫א‬E3.2.2
 15 ‫א‬‫א‬E4.2.2
 15 ‫א‬E5.2.2
 17 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 20 ‫א‬‫א‬E3.2
 20 MIG‫א‬‫א‬E1.3.2
 21 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.3.2
 24 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3.3.2
 25 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
28 TIG‫א‬‫א‬E4.2
 28 ‫א‬E1.4.2
 29 TIG‫א‬‫א‬E2.4.2
 29 TIG‫א‬E3.4.2
 31 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4.4.2
 32 TIG‫א‬E5.4.2
 34 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 3 ‫א‬‫א‬E3
 3 ‫א‬‫א‬E1.3
 3 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.3
 4 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3.3
 5 ‫א‬‫א‬E1.3.3
 6 ‫א‬E2.3.3
 6  ‫א‬E3.3.3
 6 ‫א‬E4.3.3
 6 ‫א‬E5.3.3
 7 ‫א‬‫א‬E6.3.3
 8 ‫א‬‫א‬E4.3
 10 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 3 ‫א‬‫א‬E1.4
 3 ‫א‬E1.1.4
 4 ‫א‬‫א‬E2.1.4
 6 ‫א‬‫א‬E3.1.4
 ‫א‬E2.4
 6
 6 ‫א‬E1.2.4
 7 ‫א‬‫א‬E2.2.4
 7 ‫א‬‫א‬E3.4
 7 ‫א‬E1.3.4
 8 ‫א‬E2.3.4
 9 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3.3.4
 10 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 13 E4.4
 13 ‫א‬‫א‬E1.4.4
 13 ‫א‬E1.1.4.4
 14 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.1.4.4
 15 ‫א‬E2.4.4
 15 ‫א‬E1.2.4.4
 15 ‫א‬‫א‬E2.2.4.4
 16 ‫א‬E3.4.4
 16 ‫א‬E1.3.4.4
 17 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 3 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EK5
3 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1.5
3 ‫א‬E2.5
5 ‫א‬‫א‬E3.5
6 ‫א‬E4.5
 7 ‫א‬E5.5
 8 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 3 ‫א‬ EK6
 3 ‫א‬‫א‬E1.6
 4 ‫א‬E2.6
 4 ‫א‬‫א‬E1.2.6
 5 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.2.6
 6 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3.2.6
 227 ‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬ 

 8 ‫א‬E4.2.6
 9 ‫א‬‫א‬E3.6
 9 ‫א‬E1.3.6
 9 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.3.6K
 10 ‫א‬‫א‬E3.3.6
 11 ‫א‬E4.6
 11 ‫א‬‫א‬E1.4.6
 13 ‫א‬‫א‬E2.4.6
 13 ‫א‬‫א‬E1.2.4.6
 14 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.2.4.6
 15 ‫א‬‫א‬E3.4.62
 16 ‫א‬‫א‬E4.2.4.6
 16 ‫א‬‫א‬E5.2.4.6
 17 ‫א‬E6.2.4.6
 18 ‫א‬‫א‬