3D-Approach and Methodology (Kimathanaka) - Final

Consulting Services: Feasibility and EIA Study of Kimathanka Arun Hydropower
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3D Description of the Methodology and Work Plan
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 NATIONAL SCENARIO.....................................................................................................................................................1
1.1.1 Water Resources of Nepal.............................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1.2 Power Demand and Supply............................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1.3 Power Transmission System.......................................................................................................................................... 2
1.2 INSTITUTIONAL SET UP..................................................................................................................................................3
1.2.1 Ministry of Energy........................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2.2 Department of Electricity Development........................................................................................................................... 3
1.2.3 Hydropower Development and the Private Sector.......................................................................................................... 4
1.3 PROJECT APPRECIATION...............................................................................................................................................4
1.4 THE CONSULTING SERVICES..........................................................................................................................................6
1.4.1 The Consultant............................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.4.2 Objectives of Consulting Services.................................................................................................................................. 6
1.4.3 Scope of Work................................................................................................................................................................ 6
2. CONSULTANT'S APPROACH.............................................................................................................................8
2.1 GENERAL APPROACH....................................................................................................................................................8
2.2 MANAGEMENT APPROACH.............................................................................................................................................8
2.3 INNOVATIVE THINKING APPROACH................................................................................................................................10
2.4 RISK MANAGEMENT.....................................................................................................................................................10
3. METHODOLOGY AND WORK PLAN FOR FEASIBILITY STUDY...................................................................10
3.1 PHASE 1: INCEPTION PHASE........................................................................................................................................11
3.1.1 Mobilization Activities.................................................................................................................................................... 11
3.1.2 National Policy, Strategy, Manuals and Guidelines Review..........................................................................................12
3.1.3 Review of Previous Study Reports and Data Collection............................................................................................... 14
3.1.4 Reconnaissance Field Visit........................................................................................................................................... 15
3.1.5 Preparation and Submission of Inception Report.......................................................................................................... 16
3.2 PHASE 2: FIELD SURVEY AND INVESTIGATIONS............................................................................................................16
3.2.1 Topographical Survey and Mapping............................................................................................................................. 16
3.2.2 Hydrological, Sedimentation and GLOF Study............................................................................................................. 17
3.2.3 Geological and Geotechnical Investigations................................................................................................................. 21
3.2.4 Seismological/Seismicity Study.................................................................................................................................... 29
3.2.5 Construction Material Survey........................................................................................................................................ 30
3.2.6 Laboratory Test............................................................................................................................................................. 30
3.2.7 Logistic Survey............................................................................................................................................................. 31
3.3 PHASE 3: PROJECT LAYOUT AND ENGINEERING DESIGN...............................................................................................32
3.3.1 Finalization of Design Base Memorandum................................................................................................................... 32
3.3.2 Selection of Project Configuration................................................................................................................................. 32
3.3.3 Project Optimization Studies......................................................................................................................................... 33
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3.3.4 Engineering Design and Preparation of Detailed Drawings..........................................................................................33
3.3.5 Construction Planning................................................................................................................................................... 39
3.3.6 Cost Estimates.............................................................................................................................................................. 39
3.3.7 Power Market and Transmission Line Study................................................................................................................. 40
3.3.8 Project Financial Evaluation......................................................................................................................................... 40
3.3.9 Preparation of Contract Module.................................................................................................................................... 42
3.3.10 Analysis and Modality Finalization of Institutional Arrangement for Project Implementation.........................................42
3.4 REPORTING STANDARDS......................................................................................................................................42
3.4.1 Inception Report........................................................................................................................................................... 44
3.4.2 Topographical Survey and Mapping Report.................................................................................................................. 44
3.4.3 The Geological Baseline Report................................................................................................................................... 44
3.4.4 The Hydrological, Sedimentation and GLOF Study Report...........................................................................................44
3.4.5 The Power Market, Power System and Power Evacuation Study Report.....................................................................44
3.4.6 The Interim Design Report............................................................................................................................................ 44
3.4.7 Draft Report.................................................................................................................................................................. 44
3.4.8 Draft Final Report......................................................................................................................................................... 45
3.4.9 Final Report.................................................................................................................................................................. 45
4. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT................................45

4.1 APPROACH..................................................................................................................................................................45
4.2 METHODOLOGY...........................................................................................................................................................46
4.2.1 Reconnaissance Survey and Review of policies and legal provisions..........................................................................46
4.2.2 Preparation of Scoping Document (SD) and Subsequent Terms of Reference (ToR)..................................................49
4.2.3 Collection of Environmental and Social Baseline Data................................................................................................. 52
4.2.4 Detailed Stakeholder Consultations and Institutional Analysis......................................................................................58
4.2.5 Assessment of Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures (Environmental)............................................................59
4.2.6 Social Impact Assessment (SIA)................................................................................................................................... 61
4.2.7 Analysis of Alternatives & Cost and Benefit Analysis.................................................................................................... 61
4.2.8 Preparation of Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)..........................................................................62
4.2.9 Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)........................................................................................................................................ 64
4.2.10 Capacity Building.......................................................................................................................................................... 64
4.2.11 Public Hearing.............................................................................................................................................................. 64
4.2.12 Finalization of the EIA................................................................................................................................................... 65
4.2.13 Capacity Building of DoED staff in Environmental/ Social Studies..........................................................................................65
4.2.14 Incorporation of Environmental and Social Aspects in Tender Documents..............................................................................65
5. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR PROJECT EXECUTION...................................................................66

5.1 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR PROJECT EXECUTION............................................................................................66
5.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE / QUALITY CONTROL..................................................................................................................68
6. WORK PLAN.......................................................................................................................................................68
7. STAFFING SCHEDULE......................................................................................................................................68
8. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER AND INSPECTION/SUPERVISION OF THE STUDY...........................................68
8.1 NEED ANALYSIS..........................................................................................................................................................68
8.2 METHODS OF KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER.........................................................................................................................69
8.3 AREAS OF KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER..............................................................................................................................69
8.3.1 On-the-job-training........................................................................................................................................................ 69
8.3.2 Stakeholders Consultation............................................................................................................................................ 70
9. HANDOVER OF THE EQUIPMENT AND ARTICLES.......................................................................................70

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List of Figures
Figure 1: Status of Existing and Under-construction Projects in Nepal (Source: NEA report, a year in review 2015/2016).......2
Figure 2: New Organogram of DoED (Source: www.doed.gov.np).............................................................................................3
Figure 3: Location Map of Project area.......................................................................................................................................5
Figure 4: General Approach of the Consultant............................................................................................................................9
Figure 5: Outline of Methodology..............................................................................................................................................11
Figure 6: Project area on protected area map of Nepal............................................................................................................15
Figure 7: Hydrological and Meteorological Stations of Nepal...................................................................................................18
Figure 8: Typical HEC-HMS Interface.......................................................................................................................................19
Figure: 9 Particle Size distribution (PSD) curve........................................................................................................................20
Figure 10: Mineralogical Analysis..............................................................................................................................................20
Figure 11: Regional Geological Map of the Project Area (Source: Dhital, 2015)......................................................................22
Figure 12: Electrical Resistivity Tomogram...............................................................................................................................24
Figure 13: Interpretative cross section......................................................................................................................................24
Figure 14: Sample Core Hole Logging......................................................................................................................................26
Figure 15: Lugeon test arrangement.........................................................................................................................................28
Figure 16: Hydropower projects in Arun valley..........................................................................................................................33
Figure 17: Results of SEEP/W program....................................................................................................................................34
Figure 18: Design profile of spillway and stilling basin..............................................................................................................35
Figure 19: Sample Procedure for Design of Tunnel Supports Based on Tunnelling Quality Index ‘Q’.....................................36
Figure 20: Example of Examining Phase 2 Output...................................................................................................................36
Figure 21: Tunnel Support Design Example.............................................................................................................................37
Figure 22: Methodology for EIA.................................................................................................................................................46
Figure 23: Consultants Organization Chart...............................................................................................................................67
List of Table
Table 1: Existing Transmission Lines (Source: NEA report, a year in review 2015/2016)..........................................................3
Table 2: Salient features of the Project.......................................................................................................................................5
Table 3: Consolidated Objectives of Consulting Services and Scope of Work...........................................................................6
Table 4: Lugeon Test Interpretation..........................................................................................................................................28
Table 5: Laboratory Tests to be performed...............................................................................................................................30
Table 6: List of Contract Packages...........................................................................................................................................42
Table 7: Feasibility Level Reports and Deliverables.................................................................................................................43
Table 8: Proposed Chapters details for ToR.............................................................................................................................50
Table 9: Study Methods and Responsibility, Physical Environmental Aspects.........................................................................53
Table 10: Primary data to be collected in Physical Environment..............................................................................................54
Table 11: Study Methods and Responsibility, Biological Environmental Aspects.....................................................................56

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Acronyms and Abbreviations
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

BOOT Build Operate Own Transfer
BS British Standard
CBA Cost Benefit Analysis
CLOF Cloud Outburst Flood
DBE Design Basis Earthquake
DDC District Development Committee
DHM Department of Hydrology and Meteorology
DMG Department of Mines and Geology
DoED Department of Electricity Development
EDC Electric Development Centre
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP Environment Management Plan
EPA Electricity Protection Act
EPC Engineering Procurement Construction
EPR Electricity Protection Regulation
ERT Electrical Resistivity Tomography
ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan
EWS Early Warning System
FIDIC Fédération Internationale Des Ingénieurs-Conseils
FSL Full Supply Level
GIS Gas Insulated Switchgear
GLOF Glacier Lake Outburst Flood
GoN Government of Nepal
GSI Geological Strength Index
GWh Gigawatt Hour
HEP Hydro-electric Project
IEE Initial Environmental Examination
IFC International Financial Corporation
INPS Integrated Nepal Power System
IPP Independent Power Producer
ISO International Organization for Standardization
KAHP Kimathanka Arun Hydropower Project
kV Kilovolt
kW Kilowatt

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kWh Kilowatt Hour
LA Land Acquisition
LDF Landslide Dam Floods
MCE Maximum Credible Earthquake
MDE Maximum Design Earthquake
MOE Ministry of Energy
MoSTE Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment
MOWR Ministry of Water Resources
MW Megawatt
NEA Nepal Electricity Authority
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
NPV Net Present Value
OBE Operation Basis Earthquake
PAF Project Affected Family
PPA Power Purchase Agreement
R&R Rules and Regulations
RAP Resettlement Action Plan
RFP Reference for Proposal
RMR Rock Mass Rating
RQD Rock Quality Designation
SD Scoping Document
SIA Social Impact Assessment
SMP Social Management Plan
SPT Standard Penetration Test
SRT Seismic Refraction Survey
TOR Terms of Reference
TWL Tail Water Level
VDC Village Development Committee
WBS Work Breakdown Structure

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3D DESCRIPTION OF THE METHODOLOGY AND WORK

PLAN FOR PERFORMING THE ASSIGNMENT
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 National Scenario

Nepal is a landlocked country bounded on three sides i.e. west, south and east by India. Its northern border is
connected with Tibet autonomous region of China. Physically, Nepal has high mountains in the north and plains
in the south with a hilly terrain in between. The mountain ranges extend from east to west. Its altitude ranges
from about 60 m in the plain to 8848 m high Mt. Everest., the highest point in the world. It has a total area of
147,181 km2 with varying altitudes; the climate changes from the alpine tundra in the north to tropical in the
south with diverse types of vegetation.
The climate of Nepal is influenced by the South West Monsoon in summer and Mediterranean wind in winter
with an annual average precipitation of 1530 mm. 80% of the total annual rainfall occurs in wet period (June to
September) and the remaining 20% occurs during the dry period from October to May.
1.1.1 Water Resources of Nepal

Nepal is endowed with vast water resources with about its 6000 rivers contributing to the annual average runoff
of 225 billion cubic meters. The total drainage of these watercourses amounts to 194,171 km 2, 76% of which
falls within Nepal. It is noteworthy that as many as 33 of the larger rivers have drainage areas exceeding 1000
km2. Based on their source and discharge, the rivers of Nepal have been classified into three types. The first
category consists of perennial snow-fed rivers originating in the Himalayas with significant flows even in the dry
season. They are Koshi, Gandaki (Narayani), Karnali and Mahakali from east to west. The second category of
rivers consists of the Mechi, Kankai, Kamala, Bagmati, West Rapti and Babai river systems originating in the
Mahabharat range and fed by the precipitation and groundwater regeneration including springs. A large number
of Kholas in the Terai called the southern streams fall in the third category. They originate from the Siwalik range
characterized by seasonal flows with flash floods in the monsoon season.
The perennial nature of rivers and land topography of the country with steep gradients provide excellent
conditions for hydropower development, the theoretical potential of which has been put at 83,000 MW and
technical capacity of around 42,000MW. Out of this large potential, Nepal has developed less around 2% of the
technically feasible power potential only.
1.1.2 Power Demand and Supply

The Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) is the principal source of power generation, transmission and distribution in
the country. Now, the recent development has made two separate companies for generation and, transmission
distribution. In recent years, private enterprises are negotiating with NEA to supply electrical power generated in
their Hydropower system under power purchasing agreement (PPA) and may occupy a larger portion of the
power generation in the country. The average annual growth rate for peak power and energy demands to
2015/2016 are 8.9 and 9.1%, respectively based on a forecast by NEA in collaboration with the World Bank.
The annual peak power demand of the Integrated Nepal Power System (INPS) in fiscal year 2015/16 is
estimated to be 1,385.30 MW, with 554.55 MW power estimated to have been shed. Out of the 855.89 MW of
power actually supplied, 477.93 MW was contributed by NEA hydro, 53.41 MW by NEA thermal, 324.45 MW by
IPP hydro and the rest 116.2 MW was import. Compared to the preceding fiscal year’s figure of 1,094.6 MW, the
annual peak power demand of the INPS registered a growth rate of 9.7 %.
NEA Annual report 2015/16 further reports that total energy used within Nepal in the fiscal year 2015/16 was
approximately 5,910GWh, out of which only 4,631.51 GWh (78.4%) was supplied. The rest 1,278.45 GWh
(21.6%) was resorted to load shedding. Of the total supplied energy volume, 3,559.28 GWh (76.8%) was
contributed by domestic generation and 1,072.23 GWh (23.2%) by import from India. Domestic supply included
1,258.94 GWh (35.4%) from IPPs and the rest 2,300.34 GWh (64.6%) was from NEA owned power stations with
a share of 2,290.78 GWh from hydro and 9.56 GWh from thermal. This energy comprised 57% from NEA's

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hydro generation, 0.35% from thermal (diesel) generation, 17% imports from India, and 26% from private power
generation.
NEA Annual Report 2015/16 states that the total installed capacity (NEA and IPP) is 851 MW while as projects
of 1,047 MW are under construction. Figure 1 shows the status of existing and under construction project in
Nepal.
Figure 1: Status of Existing and Under-construction Projects in Nepal (Source: NEA

report, a year in review 2015/2016)
1.1.3 Power Transmission System

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Power evacuation from the power stations and transmission to the load centers is a vital component of the
electricity sector. The Integrated Nepal Power System (INPS) comprises 33kV, 66kV, 132kV and 400 kV
transmission lines. The INPS is in the phase of constant growth and improvement. Table 1 contains a tabulation
of line lengths.
Table 1: Existing Transmission Lines (Source: NEA report, a year in review 2015/2016)
Types Lengths (km)
33 kV, Transmission line 1,096
66 kV, Transmission Line 511.16
132 kV, Transmission Line 2,416.7
400 kV, Transmission Line 78
1.2 Institutional Set Up
1.2.1 Ministry of Energy

In context to Nepal, due to immense potentiality of development of electricity, Ministry of Energy, even though
established to exploit and regulate various sectors of energy, is basically focussed on the development of energy
through establishment of hydropower. The responsibility of utilization and management of this resource lies in
the Ministry of Energy. Management of production of energy for the expansion of industrial and economic
activities are the objectives of this ministry.
Ministry of Energy is responsible for development of policy, plan and implementation of rules for production,
utilization, regulation and conservation of energy. Besides, it is also liable to conduct survey, research and
feasibility study of energy and its utilization. Frame working policies that promotes the participation of private
parties in the development of electricity is another aspect of the responsibility under the Ministry.
1.2.2 Department of Electricity Development

Electricity Development Centre (EDC) was established on July 16, 1993 (2050 Shrawan 1) under the then
Ministry of Water Resources (MOWR) to develop and promote electricity sector and to improve financial
effectiveness of this sector at the national level by attracting private sector investment. It was later renamed as
Department of Electricity Development (DOED) on February 7, 2000 (2056 Magh 24). The organogram of DoED
is presented in Figure 2.

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Figure 2: New Organogram of DoED (Source: www.doed.gov.np)
The Department is responsible for assisting the Ministry of Energy in implementation of overall government
policies related to power/electricity sector. The major functions of the Department are to ensure transparency of
regulatory framework, accommodate, promote and facilitate private sector's participation in power sector by
providing "One Window" service and different forms of licenses to power projects. It lists the applicants for
licenses, evaluates and prioritizes them; check the development status for those who are issued the license and
monitors the power plants under generation phase. Further, it encourages the study of hydro power projects at
several phases ranging from the identification, investigations, feasibility and environmental assessment to detail
design.
1.2.3 Hydropower Development and the Private Sector

Since 1990 the government has made attempts to mobilize local and international private sector to invest in the
hydropower sector of the country. New legislation has been introduced since then and new policies have been
put in to place. This has resulted in the development of several hydropower plants by the private sector.
Following the new initiatives, three power plants (the Khimti I (60 MW), Upper Bhote Koshi (36 MW), Chilme (20
MW), Jhimruk (12 MW), Indrawati-III (7.5 MW) etc. have been developed by the private sector. As of Ashadh 31,
2073 total contribution from private sector stands at 324.45 MW and under construction projects (financial
closure concluded) amount to the total capacity of 1721.53 MW.
Government issued license for survey, construction and generation license is as follows:
 Survey License for generation below 1 MW, 172 Projects (126.635 MW)
 Survey License for generation (1-25 MW), 76 Projects (629.431 MW)
 Survey License for generation (25-100 MW), 16 Projects (933.609 MW)
 Survey License for generation (above 100 MW), 13 Projects (4272.700 MW)
 Construction License for Generation , 116 Projects (3297.954 MW)
(Source: www.doed.gov.np /issued_licenses.php (updated Kartik 2073))
1.3 Project Appreciation

In line with the Hydropower Development Policy, 2001 and Water Resources Strategy, 2002, the Government of
Nepal through DoED, has emphasized to develop the hydropower potential of Nepal in an economically efficient

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and sustainable approach. For this purpose DoED has been conducting Feasibility and EIA/IEE studies of
several small, medium and large hydro-powers annually. For the fiscal year 2072-73 DoED has initiated study of
16 such projects.
Under this package of Consulting Services (Job No. 20172/73-13), the DoED has asked for technical and
financial proposal from the shortlisted consulting firms for providing consulting services for Feasibility and EIA
Study of Kimathanka Arun Hydropower Project, Sankhuwasabha District.
This project draws its water from Aun River which is major tributary to Koshi River. It is understood that the
project is upstream (approx. 8 km North) of Upper Arun Hydropower Project. The project is located in Chepuwa
VDC and from the previous study and preliminary layout, all the project components are located in the right bank
of the river. The geographic location of the project (license area) lies within:
Longitude : 27° 46’ 00” - 27° 50’ 00”
Latitude : 87° 23’ 00” – 87° 28’ 00”
From the RFP document, it is understood that the right bank of the river of the proposed layout of KAHP lies
within the buffer zone of Makalu Barun National Park. So, there is necessity of greater co-ordination and scoping
for EIA study.
Kimathanka Arun Hydropower Project (KAHP) is dependent of Arun River which is a snow fed river that
originates from Mt. Xixabangma Feng in the Tibetan Highland region. So, most of the catchment area of KAHP
(25,300 sq. km) lies in Tibet. This project is the most upstream project in the Arun River that has been studied.
The previous studies have identified the capacity of KAHP to be 434 MW. Other projects studied in Arun River
are Upper Arun Hydropower Project (335 MW), Arun III (900 MW) and Lower Arun Project (300 MW).
The salient layout features of the Kimathanka Arun Hydropower project are illustrated below in Table 2.

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Table 2: Salient features of the Project
Name of the project Kimathanka Arun Hydropower Project
Installed Capacity 434 MW
Design Discharge at Q40 135.00 cumecs
Full Supply Level (FSL) 2040 m
Tail Water Level (TWL) 1660 m
Gross Head 380 m
Net Head 364.1 m
Approx. Tunnel Length 8 km
Approx. Penstock Length 450 m
Approx. Surge Shaft Length 100 m
Annual Energy Generation 2660.173 GW-hr
The project is not accessible by motor way. The nearest location accessible by road ways is Numbazzar which is
in the proximity of Arun III HEP. The accessibility of Numbazaar from is illustrated below.
Fair Weather Road

All Season Road
Flight
Kathmandu Tumlingtar Khadbari Numbazaar
15 km 40 km
Presently, Upper Arun Access Road and Numbazaar- Kimathanka Access Road are planned for accessibility to
the site. Considering the Upper Arun Access Road, there is necessity of construction of 12 km roads from
headwork of UAHP to provide road accessibility to headwork of KAHP. And the Num-Kimathanka Access road
passes close to the proposed KAHP powerhouse.
The tentative location as extracted form Google Earth and GIS are presented in Figure 3.
Figure 3: Location Map of Project area

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1.4 The Consulting Services
1.4.1 The Consultant

The consulting consortium of ITECO-AFC-TMS JV will provide the required consulting services. Through the
extensive prior experience in works of similar nature, we believe that this consortium can meet of the
expectations of clients as mentioned in the Scope or Works to be carried to achieve desired objectives. The brief
introduction about the experience of the firm is presented in Form 3B Section (Consultant References) of the
technical proposal along general and specific consulting experience by each of the firms in the Consortium
substantiated by required Project Data Sheet and corresponding Certificates.
1.4.2 Objectives of Consulting Services

Through this consulting assignment, DoED aims to conduct feasibility study and EIA study of the Kimathanka
Arun Hydropower project, prepare study report covering technical, financial, socio-economic, institutional,
environmental and all other relevant aspects of the project development including the examination of technical,
financial, economic and environmental viability of the project. The output from the study is expected to be a
milestone towards further detailed design and construction of the project.
In order to meet the prescribed objectives, the consultant will carry out necessary field survey and investigation,
prepare design, drawings and cost estimate and conduct environmental studies. The environmental study (EIA)
will be conformity with the environment legislation of Nepal. So, broadly the objectives of the study can be
identified as:
 Feasibility Study
 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study
In addition to above, effective knowledge transfer and training to DoED/GoN personnel for which the selected
personnel (as nominated by DoED) will be integrated with the Consultant’s tem during the feasibility studies,
environment studies and other activities.
1.4.3 Scope of Work

We envisage that our role is not limited to preparing the feasibility and EIA study report. Besides, our action and
roles should adhere to the goals of Sustainable Energy Development as envisaged by the DoED and efficient
energy development in the basin by proper coordination with the downstream projects. In order to meet the
desired objectives of the consulting services, the entire assignment can be divided into various phases and
smaller individual assignments that form the scope of work of the consulting services. The consolidated
understanding of objectives of consulting services, scope of works and deliverables are presented in Table 3.
Table 3: Consolidated Objectives of Consulting Services and Scope of Work

Contract Appraisal Consulting Services for Feasibility and Environmental Impact Assessment
Study of Kimathanka Arun Hydropower Project, Sankhuwasabha District
Objective of the The objective of the consulting services will be to conduct feasibility and EIA study of
Consulting the Hydropower Projects, prepare study report covering technical, financial, socio-
Services economic, institutional, environmental and all other relevant aspects of project
development including examination of technical, financial, economic and
environmental viability of the project. Based on the objectives, the study can be
broadly divided as:
 Project Feasibility Study

 Environment Impact Assessment Study
Scope of Work Feasibility Study
Described in
Methodology  Project Inception
Section  Review of Standards, Guidelines and Previous Reports
 Desk study and Identification of alternatives
 Reconnaissance field visit
 Verification and selection of best alternatives
 Preliminary assessment of geological and environmental
condition of site
 Findings of desk study and reconnaissance field visit
 Field Investigations
 Topographical Survey and Mapping

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 Hydrological, Sedimentological, GLOF Studies and

Meteorological Data Collection
 Geological and Geotechnical Investigations
 Seismological / Seismicity Studies
 Construction Material Survey
 Test Pitting and trenching
 Test on core Samples
 Interpretation of findings of geological and geo-technical studies
 Access Road, Project Road and Transportation Study
 Project Layout and Design
 Regulation Works
 Intake and waterways
 Power Stations
 Transmission Works
 Auxiliary components
 Drawings
 Construction Planning
 Cost Estimates
 Power Market and Transmission Line Study
 Power Market Studies
 Transmission Line and Construction Power Study
 Economic and Financial Evaluation
Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Study

 Reconnaissance Survey and Review of policies and Legal Provisions
 Preparation of Scoping Document and Subsequent Terms of Reference
(ToR)
 Scoping Document
 Terms of Reference
 Collection of Environmental and Social Baseline Data
 Impact Analysis and Quantification of Loss of Environmental Services
 Analysis of Alternatives
 Environmental Management Plan and Mitigation Measures
 Identification of Institutional Needs to Implement EIA recommendations
 Environmental Monitoring and Auditing
Reporting Feasibility Study
Standards
Described in detail  Inception Report (20 copies within 3 months of Contract Agreement)
under the  Topographic Survey and Mapping Report (20 copies within 8 months of
Reporting and Contract Agreement)
Deliverables  Geological Baseline Report (20 copies within 12 months of Contract
Section Agreement)
 Hydrological, Sedimentation and GLOF Study Report (20 copies within 15
months of Contract Agreement)
 Power Market, Power System and Evacuation Study Report (20 copies within
18 months of Contract Agreement)
 Interim Design Report (20 copies within 20 months of Contract Agreement)
 Draft Report (20 copies within 24 months of Contract Agreement)
 Draft Final Report (20 copies within 26 months of Contract Agreement)
 Final Report (30 copies within 30 months of Contract Agreement)

EIA Study
 Inception Report (20 copies within 8 months of Contract Agreement)
 Draft Scoping Report and ToR (20 copies within 10 months of Contract
Agreement)
 Scoping Report and ToR (20 copies within 12 months of Contract
Agreement)
 Re-submission of Scoping Report and ToR (20 copies within 14 months of
Contract Agreement)

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 Submission of approved Scoping Report and ToR (20 copies within 18

months of Contract Agreement)
 Environmental Baseline Report (20 copies within 20 months of Contract
Agreement)
 Draft EIA Report (20 copies within 24 months of Contract Agreement)
 EIA Report (30 copies within 28 months of Contract Agreement)
 Approved IEE Report (30 copies within 30 months of Contract Agreement)

2. CONSULTANT'S APPROACH
2.1 General Approach

The consultant has given a great care for the selection of the appropriate professional, technical and
administrative professional, technical and administrative support with suitable level of competence. The team is
adequately capable to undertake a suitable level of control for supervision and quality control to the best interest
of the client. The team will further be fully supported by the specialists at the consultant's head office. The team
at the field will be delegated with sufficient authorities and responsibilities to perform the works with full diligence
and efficiency for day-to-day works; however, the head secretariat office will promptly address special issues.
Our approach is based on transparency. Our guidance and support will focus on openness, communication,
and accountability. During the project, we will build the fabric relationship with all the project stakeholders to
ensure the achievement of project objective in effective way. We will be honest and straightforward, highlighting
the improvements that are needed. We intend to keep our promises and deliver what we propose.
An effective delivery of the project output will also be based on integrated planning, scheduling and
controlling approach. We are aware of our duties and responsibilities and all our duties are sequentially
tailored and they match the requirements of the TOR in every aspect. Periodic review of the schedule will ensure
optimum use of the resources and time, and will also give an insight of the development of the project. The Work
Breakdown Structure, WBS will ensure that project is simplified into task, work-package, activity and operational
level. So our approach is basically focused on making the task as simple through clearly defined deliverables
and optimum resource management. The Consultant intends to embark upon the services with the following
general approaches:
 Selection of those methods and technologies, which have been tested and proven to be optimum in
successful on-going and past projects of similar nature;
 Application of an optimal combination of the methods and technologies based on practicality, Client's
requirements, site-specific requirements, strategic importance and sound professional judgment;
 Close contact and effective co-ordination with the Client and with all concerned personnel and
authorities
 Regular briefing to the Client and concerned personnel and authorities on the progress of the Project
and problems connected thereto;
 Strict adherence to the applicable standards, guidelines, reports, drawings, specification, testing
schedule etc.;
 Full use of the technical and environmental standards formulated by the Department;
 Enhancement of environmental qualities and environmental protection;
 Selection and mobilization of appropriate project personnel;
 Full use of available and applicable reports, standards, maps/drawings, specification, other information
for execution and completion of the proposed services in accordance with accepted professional
standards and sound engineering and economic practices;
 Completion of the proposed services within the stipulated time and budget.
2.2 Management Approach

 Timely mobilization of appropriate, most able and relevant professional personnel and support staff as
described in the Proposal.
 Close contact and effective co-ordination with the Project, and other concerned stakeholders.
 Regular briefing to the Project, DOED and concerned personnel and authorities on the progress of the
Project's activities and milestones achieved and problems/issues, hurdles connected thereto.
 Full use of available and applicable reports, standards, maps/drawings, specifications, and other
information/data for execution and completion of the proposed services in accordance with accepted
professional standards and sound engineering, social and management judgment.

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 Clearly defined roles and responsibilities for each member of the proposed Team.
 Strict adherence to the work schedule and input schedule.
 Sufficient flexibility to respond to desired changes, requirements and directions.
 Systematic procedures for quality control and quality assurance.
 Systematic monitoring of both process and performance.
 Completion of the proposed services within the stipulated time and budget.
 No compromise to the quality and standards delivered.
Other general management approach will include the following activities:
 Confirm project management structures.

 Confirm the communication line of command.
 An opportunity of effective transfer of knowledge program. The Consultant will assist the project in all
possible ways to facilitate enhancement of professional standards to the Project personnel during the
service period.
 Interdisciplinary approach in addressing issues and solving problems.
The general approach of the Consultant is further depicted in the following Figure 4.
Understanding of TOR
- Study Objectives
- Scope of Services
WHAT TO DO? - Tasks to be performed
- Specific Requirements
TEAM
- Deploy Competent Personnels
WHO WILL DO? - Assign roles and
responsibilities for every
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- Project Management
- Time Control
HOW TO DO?
- Quality Control
- Cost Control
RESOURCES AND FACILITIES

- Office / Admin Support
- Proper Logistics
WITH WHAT? - Appropriate Remuneration
- Coordination
- Transportation
Work Plan and Schedule

- Create Milestones
WHEN TO DO? - Prepare detailed WBS
- Detailed Time Schedule for
each work
Figure 4: General Approach of the Consultant
After the commencement of the services, immediately, the Consultant will organize an internal orientation
program for its team. In order to achieve the goal of the project with the desired quality and within the stipulated
ITECO – AFC – TMS JV P a g e | 10

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time frame, it is the Consultant's opinion that, integration of all members of the study into one team, where all are
fully aware of duties to be performed, outputs to be delivered and achievements to meet is essential.
2.3 Innovative Thinking Approach

To become creative in their thinking, the consultant will encourage its team members to use initiatives to
overcome obstacles so as to progress the study activities smoothly. This will be activated through the dissection
of past efforts and results, so that time can be given to positive and fresh thinking.
This approach produces a systematic and analytical process, which seeks to achieve value engineering by
providing all necessary functions at the lowest cost as well as consistent with required levels of quality and
performance. The creative thinking thus will be procedural and follow the following activities:
 collection of data/information
 function analysis
 creative or speculative phase
 evaluation of options
 planning and reporting
2.4 Risk Management

Approach of the Consultant towards managing the foreseeable risks in the Project development process will be
as follows:
 identification and routine assessment of risks, and plan appropriate actions to be taken at right time and
advise accordingly the Project,
 timely and close interfacing coordination and cooperation between the Project officials as well as all the
concerned stakeholders to make them aware on the consequences from the Project risks and plan and
implement appropriate and participatory solutions for mitigating the risks,
 maintain good public relation and mobilize local communities, local government bodies and
stakeholders,
 alternative design for mitigation of uncertainties and environmental impacts,
The general approach for the works is divided into two groups i.e. Feasibility Studies and Initial Environment
Examination Studies which are present in subsequent chapters:
3. METHODOLOGY AND WORK PLAN FOR FEASIBILITY STUDY

The scope of works requires multi-disciplinary project management skills, scheduling the critical tasks and
executing the works well within the schedule. To ensure that right things are done in the right place at the right
time, proper methodology for the execution of works should be prepared. The methodology should define and
formulate the resource requirement, planning and scheduling each of the task identified in the ToR provided by
the client. Manning Schedule and Work Schedule illustrated in Form 3G and 3H of this proposal are prepared in
best coherence with the proposed methodology and work plan. Our methodology best incorporates our previous
experience in similar nature of works and the demand of the RFP.
Our methodology has been designed after detailed appreciation of the project in such a way to meet all the
objectives following the specified scope of works. So, it constitutes series of interconnected tasks whose
individual outputs will integrate to deliver all the project objectives. The consultant is experienced in more
sophisticated scheduling and project management methodologies and will introduce those as appropriate when
the contract is awarded. For the clarity in methodology and smooth run of feasibility study, total tasks are divided
into numbers of different phases. The outline of methodology is presented in Figure 5.

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Figure 5: Outline of Methodology
3.1 Phase 1: Inception Phase
3.1.1 Mobilization Activities

After signing the contract agreement, the consultant will immediately establish a project office in Kathmandu and
mobilize its study team for the study of given assignment. All the facilities required for the study such as
computer and internet, communications, access to library, vehicles will be properly arranged. The overall task

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will be divided into numbers of sections and assigned to respective expert of the study team. The team leader
will be responsible for overall execution of the assignment.
3.1.2 National Policy, Strategy, Manuals and Guidelines Review

The following policies, Acts and Regulations relevant to the hydropower sector will be updated and reviewed to
generate a picture of the legal status of the hydropower industry. This review makes a special focus on legal
provisions for the development of small hydropower schemes through the private sector comprising of local and
international investors. The detailed work planning of both Feasibility and EIA studies will be based on the
review of national policies and guidelines. We will ensure that each of the tasks will be extensively carried out
as required in the policies and guidelines. Our team has thorough understanding of most of the national policies.
However before the start of the assignment the key professionals will revise any amendments in the existing
policies and will thorough go through any of the later issued policies prior to the start of the assignment. Based
on the policy review a checklist of activities will be developed which will be a handy map for the assignment. A
brief analysis of the existing policies is presented below. In depth analysis and preparation of checklist will be
done once the contract is awarded; during the inception phase.
3.1.2.1 HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT POLICY 2049 (1992)

The Hydropower Development Policy 1992 was the basis for the Water Resources Act 1992, and the Electricity
Act 1992. Its main objectives have been outlined as:
 To enhance the development of hydropower to meet the energy needs required for the industrial
development of the country and to supply electricity as per the demand of the people in urban & rural
areas.
 To promote national and foreign private investment and to help promote the conservation of
environment through the development of hydropower, this is considered to be a clean energy source.
 To involve the national & foreign investors in the development and operation of hydropower projects
either through joint ventures or foreign and local investors, or solely by foreign or local investors, or
through partnership with the government.
3.1.2.2 HYDRO POWER DEVELOPMENT POLICY, 2001

This policy has given focus on the fulfilling the demands of the country as well as the development of the
electricity as the commodity of international export. Following are the main objectives:
 Generation of electricity in low cost,
 Reliable and qualitative electricity in reasonable cost,
 Tie up the electrification process with the economic activities,
 Development of rural economy through rural electrification,
 Developing the hydroelectricity as exportable commodity.
3.1.2.3 ELECTRICITY ACT 2049 (1992)

Primary objectives of the Electricity Act are to develop electric power by regulating the survey, generation,
transmission and distribution of electricity and to standardize the quality of electricity. Before promulgation of this
Act, 'The Canal, Electricity and Related Water Resources Act, 2024' was prevailing on this matter. With the
promulgation of the Electricity Act 1992, the development of hydropower projects in Nepal through public sector
as well as private sector participation became possible. Basic features of Electricity Act 1992 are:
 Section 3 of the Act requires hydropower projects larger than 1000 kW to obtain license for survey,
generation, transmission and distribution.
 Section 4(2) of the Act stipulates that survey license should be issued within 30 days of tendering the
application, and as per Section 5(1) it may be provided for a period of up to 5 years.
 Sections 4(2) and 5(2) provide for generation license to be issued within 120 days of submitting the
application, and it may be provided for a period of up to 50 years.
 Repatriation facility of foreign exchange for principal & interest on debt, return on equity and sale
proceed of share equity is permissible as per Section 13.
 In accordance with Section 12(3) of this Act, income tax holiday, for a 15-year period, from the date of
commercial operation, has been provided for the generation of hydroelectricity.
 When the income tax holiday period is completed, corporate tax will be levied ten per cent less than the
prevailing corporate tax rate as per section 12(2) of the Act.

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 Section 11 of the Act stipulates that NRs 100 for each installed kW (Capacity) plus 2 per cent of the
average tariff per kilowatt-hour (kWh) will be paid as royalty by the developer for the first 15 years.
Thereafter NRs. 1,000 for each installed kW plus 10 per cent of the average tariff per kilowatt-hour will
be paid.
 Section 12(7) allows for only one per cent customs duties to be levied for the import of construction
equipment, machines, tools etc. required for repair, maintenance for hydroelectricity generation,
transmission or distribution which are not produced in Nepal, and no charge for import license and sales
tax will be levied for such imports.
 Section 33(2) allows for the acquisition of other's land and houses for the period of license. Likewise the
Act assures that the land, building, equipment and other structures related to electricity generation,
transmission or distribution will not be nationalized (Section 29).
 Section 24 of the Act restricts the creation of substantial adverse impacts on environment by way of soil
erosion, flood, landslide, air / noise pollution etc.
3.1.2.4 ELECTRICITY REGULATIONS 2050 (1993) AND (AS AMENDMENT) 2007 (2064)
The Government of Nepal has enacted Electricity Regulations 1993, which along with other provisions have also
elaborated the procedure of obtaining license for survey, generation, transmission and distribution. The
following are the provisions related to the promotion of private sector participation in the utilization, conservation,
development and management of hydropower:
 Any hydropower project up to 1000 kW requires to inform to the Electricity Development Board about the
detail of project i.e. project description, map of project area, sources of water and quantity of water to be
used, electricity distribution area and number of customers to be benefited, description of claim if any
other has utilized it before and other necessary things.
 Separate procedures are prescribed to get the license of survey, generation, transmission and
distribution.
 Feasibility Study Report accompanying with EIA is necessary to get the license for production,
transmission and distribution of electricity.
 No double survey license is issued to conduct survey in the same area and at the same time.
 The license has been guaranteed the right of water use for the certain period of time in accordance with
the terms and conditions stipulated in the license.
 The licensee is required to get permission of the government before importation of electricity.
 Facility of grid use is provided. If technically possible, the licensee may supply the electricity produced
by the developer in any part of Nepal to the other part of the country through the existing grid system.
3.1.2.5 WATER RESOURCES ACT 2049 (1992) / WATER RESOURCES REGULATIONS 2050 (1993)
The Water Resources Act and its Regulations are key legislation formulated to develop the hydropower
resources of the country. The Act and Regulations have made arrangements for rational utilization,
conservation, management and development of the water resources available on the country. Likewise legal
provisions have been made for the beneficial use of water resources and for the prevention of environmental
and hazardous impact on the sources of water.
3.1.2.6 ELECTRICITY REGULATIONS 2050 (1993)

The Government of Nepal has enacted Electricity Regulations 1993, which along with other provisions, has also
elaborated the procedure of obtaining license for survey, generation, transmission and distribution. The following
are the provisions related to the promotion of private sector participation in the utilization, conservation,
development and management of hydropower:
 Rule 3 provides for the exemption of license for developing a project up to 1000 kW.
 Rules 4, 5, and 6 stipulate the need for survey license required for the production, transmission and
distribution of electricity.
 Rules 12 and 13 require feasibility study report to be accompanied by Environmental Impact
Assessment or Initial Environmental Examination Report for acquiring the license for production,
transmission and distribution of electricity.
 Rule 11 prohibits the issuance of survey license to any person or corporate body to conduct studies for
the same work, in the same area, at the same time.

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 Rule 20 ensures the licensees' right to use the water for the production of electricity, as specified in the
license.
 Permission is required for the import of electricity as specified in rule 23.
 As provided for by Rule 92(1) of the Regulations, if technically possible, the licensee may supply the
electricity produced by himself in any part of Nepal to the other part of the country through the existing
grid system.
3.1.2.7 NEA'S POLICY REGARDING SMALL HYDROPOWER 2055 (1998)

The Nepal Electricity Authority has formulated a policy to encourage small hydropower developers from the
private sector. The policy was first announced in July 1998 and was subsequently amended in December of the
year. The main features of the policy are:
 Fixed buy back rates for plants up to 1 MW.
 Standard power purchase agreement for power plants of up to 5 MW.
 Differential buy back rates for dry and wet season energy.
 Commitment to buy all power generated by power plants of up to 10 MW capacity, for the first 50 MW.
 Escalation fixed at 6% for the first five years of generation
 If the developer is a joint venture between a foreign and a Nepali partner fifty percent of the tariff will be
provided in equivalent of the foreign currency and the other fifty percent in local currency.
3.1.2.8 NEA'S PROCEDURAL GUIDELINE 2065 (2008)

The Nepal Electricity Authority has devised procedural guidelines to make the power purchase agreement (PPA)
with the hydropower developers from private sector up to 25 MW. This procedural guideline is focused to make
the PPA with independent power producers within 99 days from the date of application to NEA.
 Commitment to make a PPA agreement within 99 days from the date of application to NEA.
 Provision of performance bond for the purpose of PPA agreement.
 Tariff rate of NRS. 7.00/ kWh for dry and NRS. 4.00/ kWh for wet seasonal energy with an escalation of
3 % per annum up to 9 years from the date of commercial operation such that the ultimate tariff rates to
become NRS. 8.89/ kWh and NRS. 5.08/ kWh for dry and wet seasonal energy respectively.
 The duration of PPA agreement to be of 30 years from the date of commercial operation.
3.1.2.9 ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT, 2053 (1997) & ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REGULATIONS (AS AMENDED) 2055
(1999)
Environment Protection Act, 1997, has been enacted by the Parliament to make legal provisions for the
protection of environment so as to maintain clean & healthy environment by minimizing, as far as possible,
adverse impacts likely to be caused from environmental degradation on human beings, wildlife, plants, nature or
physical objects. Basic features of Environment Protection Act and the Environmental Protection Regulations (as
amended) are as follows:
 An Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) should be
prepared for industries and activities of varying nature in accordance with the Act
 Section 4 stipulates that without getting the proposal approved from the concerned agency or ministry,
no person will implement a proposal that could have an impact on the environment.
 A proponent who is desirous of implementing any proposal will have to submit such a proposal
accompanied by the report on Initial Environmental Examination or Environmental Impact Assessment
of the proposal, to the concerned agency for the approval of such a proposal.
 Provisions are clearly made in Environment Protection Regulation for the development of hydropower
projects. Schedule 1 & 2 concerned with Rule 3 of Environment Protection Regulation 1999, stipulates
that to build hydropower projects of 1 to 5 MW, an IEE should be prepared. For hydropower
projects of more than 5 MW capacity a full-fledged EIA is required. EIA reports are subject to the
approval from the Ministry of Population and Environment.
 As per schedule 1 of EPR 1997, and its second amendment 2007, any hydroelectric project with
capacity of 1MW to 10 MW needs to carry out IEE and above 10 MW EIA needs to be carried out.
 As per the EPR 1997, third amendment 2009, any hydroelectric project with capacity of 1MW to 50 MW
needs to carry out IEE and above 50 MW EIA needs to be carried out.

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3.1.3 Review of Previous Study Reports and Data Collection
Desk study marks the commencement of services and its immediate activities will be collection of all pertinent
information and data, Review of previous study reports, collection of other relevant information, maps and
conceptual design guideline and identify the investigation gap. The review will also include a detailed scrutiny
the available information furnishes by the Client. The main actors foreseen to be involved at this stage will
include the consultant’s staffs and support from the client by providing secondary data and access to other
previous study reports.
We expect the client to provide the prefeasibility report or identification study report of the project. Besides, the
consultant will also collect geological and topographical maps of the area. Available hydrological study reports
and raw data from the DHM will also be collected and studies during the desk study period. After the study
materials are collected, a thorough review of these guidelines and data will be carried out by the team of experts
at the consultant’s head office. In general prefeasibility report, geological maps and hazard zones, hydrological
and meteorological data and information, river basin study report, topographical maps and aerial photographs
will be reviewed to derive a tentative scenario of the proposed project.
For generating a tentative idea on the environmental and socio-economic aspects of the region, reports
pertaining to project area, environmental studies socio-economic reports of the region will be collected from
various sources like Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare, Ministry of Population and Environment,
Ministry of Land Reform and Management and other related ministries. From the preliminary study it is found
that project lies within Makalu Barun Buffer zone, therefore the policies and norms related to buffer zones will be
studied so that the environmental studies are carried out as per the statutory requirement. The project location
on protected area map is depicted in Figure 6:
Project Area
Figure 6: Project area on protected area map of Nepal
3.1.4 Reconnaissance Field Visit

After gaining a tentative insight to the project status, the consultant will arrange a joint reconnaissance site visit
with Client to the project location that will be focused on familiarizing a study team to project site, gathering the
site specific influential issues such as location and accessibility, Initial geological and geotechnical assessment,

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initial examination of environmental conditions and social status of the project affected families (PAF). The field
visit also aims to verify the project settings such as diversion weir, water conveyance system and PH locations
set out for different alternatives and planning of detailed field survey and investigation program, type and extent
of investigation. The team of experts will then exercise the detailing and scheduling of the activities further.
3.1.5 Preparation and Submission of Inception Report

The Inception Report will be prepared and submitted within 3 months of the contract agreement. The findings of
policy review, desk study of previous relevant reports, identification and evaluation of alternatives, initial
geological and geotechnical assessment, other findings of field reconnaissance, detail program of field survey
and investigation will be included in the inception report. The inception report will propose more responsive and
updated methodology. Based on the study, the requirement of any additional studies, survey and investigations
will also be included in the Inception Report. Moreover, the inception report will include materials that will bridge
the submitted proposal to the actual project/field scenario. The updated work schedule prepared after the desk
study and field reconnaissance will also be included in the report.
The inception report will also include other field findings like evidence of installed staff gauge, requirements of
establishment of automatic hydrological station and the report including the available hydrological and
meteorological data collected from DHM. The report will also include the coloured photographs showing the
location of major structures of Hydropower Projects and copy of Benchmark or Trig Points Sheets collected from
Department of Survey. On environmental aspects, the report will cover the preliminary findings from field
reconnaissance. Besides, the report will include the preliminary and conceptual project configuration and
preliminary cost estimate based on the cost applied to similar other projects. Based on the preliminary cost
estimate a primitive financial analysis will be carried out and included in the report.
3.2 Phase 2: Field Survey and Investigations

The consultant will deploy their team for field survey and investigations as soon as the inception report is
approved by the client. A written request for approval of planned investigation program will also be sought before
mobilization to site. Representative from DoED will be included in the field investigation team as far as possible.
The objective of the field survey and investigation is to gather accurate and enough data, samples and
information regarding the project area required for developing the feasibility study report. In general, the field
investigation program/schedule will follow the following sequence taking reference from the Feasibility Study
Guidelines (2003) prepared by the DoED. The types of field survey and investigations that will be carried out are
explained in the subsequent headings.
3.2.1 Topographical Survey and Mapping

The topographic survey will be carried with reference to the national geodetic points and benchmarks as well as
those established and maintained by the project. Should the accuracy of the survey vary by more than the
above, each structure site will be resurveyed and tied into the corrected geodetic grid.
The detailed survey will be carried out at the following sites:
4 Headwork area; 4 Office & residential colony area
4 Settling basin and inlet portal area; 4 Tunnel Alignment
4 Surge shaft area; 4 Muck/ Disposal area
4 Powerhouse and tailrace area

4 Access Road
After the verification process is completed, the detailed survey of the component sites will follow above scales.
This will enable the Consultant to prepare a more precise and accurate design, cost estimate and drawings. The
survey works will be connected with the national geodetic points. In order to prepare the topographic maps,
following survey will also have to be carried out:
4 Establishment of survey monuments;

4 Benchmark survey;
4 Traverse survey within the survey area;
4 Topographical survey and prepare detailed topographic map in 1:1000 scale;

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The detail topographic survey will be carried out by using “Total Station” equipment with 3 rd order precision. The
density of survey points will be sufficient to prepare accurate topographic maps in different scale as stipulated in
ToR:
4 Contours at 1 m intervals for major structures and 5 m for underground structures;

4 BMs at least 3 in number in each site nearby intake, surge tank and powerhouse site.
4 Location of structures such as houses, boundary walls/fence, holy trees, temples/monument, and other
utilities etc.;
4 Landslides/slope instabilities;
4 Rivers, waterways and gullies;
4 Survey control points;
The kind and name of natural or man-made features will be recorded and included in the topographic maps.
After the completion of field survey the consultant will prepare following maps with appropriate scales and
accuracy.
4 Map of headwork site (intake, weir, river diversion, desanding basin, spillway site), penstock alignment and
powerhouse site, switch yard site, tailrace site, sub-station site in 1:1000 with contour interval of 1 m
4 Topographic map of water conveyance alignment cannel / tunnel and project road in 1:2500 scale with
contour interval of 5m covering at least 100 m corridor on each side from the centerline
4 Map of quarry site and borrow areas in appropriate scale
4 Map of office, residential colony and base camp area of the projects in scale 1:1000 with contour interval of
1m
4 Drawings of L-section of river starting from 250 m upstream to 250 m downstream of dam axis covering a
stretch of 500m
4 Drawings of x-section of river from 300 m both upstream and downstream of dam axis at 50 m interval and
along the dam axis
4 Drawing of L-section and x-section at gauging stations with minimum coverage of 500 m upstream and
downstream of the gauge site
4 Drawings showing details of cross-drainage from 200 m both upstream and downstream
4 Drawing of L-profile and cross-sections of access road in suitable interval from the existing road to
necessary areas like Headworks and powerhouse, surge shafts, etc.
The Consultant will submit Topographic Survey and Mapping Report describing the activities undertaken
including all necessary basic data and records relating to the topographic surveys. The details of reference
points will be submitted in separate sheet. Also, a separate BM reference sheet will be prepared and
submitted. All the surveyed data and topographic map will be handed to DoED in workable format
(AutoCAD/Land Development) along with the report.
3.2.2 Hydrological, Sedimentation and GLOF Study

Hydrological and Meteorological Study
The works for Hydrological and Meteorological Study will be scheduled to be initiated just after the acceptance of
Inception Report. Our international hydrologist expert will lead the study assisted by the support staffs. As per
requirement, Consultant will assess the quality and reliability of the available information and make the
necessary arrangement for the collection of reliable data. Immediately after signing the agreement, the
consultant will install at least one hydrological gauging station (staff gauge) at appropriate location at the intake
site and power house site during preliminary field reconnaissance visit. The x-section of the river along Gauge
and discharge (GD) site will be prepared to observe the stream flow. The field measurement of required
hydrological and meteorological data and additional information required to enhance the database for design will
be collected. For the study, hydrological and meteorological data will be collected from DHM office. The
available stations for the collection of data by DHM are illustrated in Figure 7.

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Figure 7: Hydrological and Meteorological Stations of Nepal
The hydrological investigations will focus on assessment of the stream flow and on aspects relevant to the
construction operation such as length of the season, rainfall characteristics, number and duration of rainfall
event, dry interval between rainfall event, temperature etc.
The Consultant will carry out hydrological and meteorological studies, consisting of field measurement &
updating the data in order to estimate the firm flow, daily and mean monthly flows and flood flows for the design
of the diversion works and spillway. Additional requirements include confirmation of stage-discharge relationship
and generation of an extended mean monthly and dry flow series for power and energy computation. The flows
of the river will be computed from the routine gauge readings applying the rating curve of the cross section of
river at the gauged site. If required, the Consultant will perform the following activities for collection of
Hydrological and Metrological data.
 Collection of long term historical rainfall data and climatological data pertinent to the study
 Collection of long term historical flow data and sediment data of the river under study, if available; if not,
collect the data from other river with similar hydrological characteristics in the vicinity.
 Checking flow data with rainfall data and generate long series of flow data
 Estimation of the design floods for the structures for the return periods of 50, 100, 500 and 1000 years.
Conducting flood frequency analysis for the period October to May for ascertaining diversion flood. The
frequency of diversion flood will be 1 in 20 years
 Checking these observed data with the data collected from secondary sources and modify the long term
data accordingly
 Direct field measurements of low flow (November – May) will be conducted. For this purpose, a staff
gauge will be established near the headwork site, and daily water level data will be collected. This data
will be substantiated by frequent direct flow measurements to develop rating curves at headwork and
tailrace sites.
 Carrying out the water quality analysis to determine the corrosive effectiveness
After the collection of available data, the consultant will perform basin rainfall estimation using Thiessen Ploygon
iso-heytal using long term annual and monsoon rainfall data. The available data will also be checked for any
missing data with appropriate method of estimation. Further, the consultant will conduct consistency test and
study before calculating lagging term basin aerial monthly rainfall data for the study basin and referred basin.
The basin rainfall will be used to estimate and validate hydrological estimation for hydropower project. Based on
the available and derived hydrological data, the consultant will generate extended mean daily, monthly, yearly
flow data including extreme instantaneous maximum and minimum flood, dry flood series for the dam site and
powerhouse / tail race outlet. Flow Duration Curve will also be generated using daily discharge data.

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Hydraulic Modelling
In consultant’s opinion, it is worthwhile to verify computed flow by running at least one hydrological software. The
consultant is well familiar with HEC-HMS, Hydraulic modeling widely used in Nepal. HEC-HMS is designed to
simulate the complete hydrological process of dendritic watershed system. As per our experience in hydrological
simulation, we think that HEC-HMS is a standard tool for hydrological simulation. However, the consultant will
decide the type of hydraulic model by discussion with client. The following procedures will be undertaken to
carryout hydraulic modeling using HEC-HMS.
 Collection of all Meteorological and Hydrological data recorded on nearby stations in the vicinity of the
catchment
 Model Preparation
 Hydrological Simulation
 Parameter estimation
 Analyzing simulation Runs and Storing of data.
The consultant will validate the estimated flow and confirm the flow duration curve with the help of HEC-HMS.
The consultant will submit the results /output of the modeling in separate volume and together with the reports.
The typical interface of HEC-HMS is presented below in Figure 8.
Figure 8: Typical HEC-HMS Interface
Sediment Study
The sediment study will be conducted concurrently with the hydrological studies. Immediately after signing the
contract, the consultant will install sediment sampling station at the at the intake site. We will refer Guidelines for
Study of Hydropower Projects (December 2003) while conducting the studies and other if any. In order to
conduct sediment studies adequate bed load data will be collected in different seasons. In addition, the available
data from DHM will also be referred. Specifically the consultant will conduct following studies under sediment
condition assessment.
 Establish sediment testing laboratory along with required equipment like sediment sampler, sieve of
different size, decicator, filter paper, digital weighting machine drying pan, oven/stove, conical flask,
beaker as well as other articles and chemicals per the requirement,
 collect the historical suspended and bed load sediment data/information on reservoir sedimentation at
local, regional, national level and of neighbor countries,
 study the catchment characteristics from sediment point of view,
 Single sediment sample per day during four wet months (June – September) and two samples per
month during remaining dry months are to be collected on annual basis by suitable method. That means

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collection of one sample per day for eight months and two samples per month for twenty two months
gives 284 samples in total over a period of 2.5 years tor which observed data needs to be maintained in
Data Register Book along with day to day initial of the observer. If depth integrated sampler is used to
measure sediment load, the sampler is to be lowered and raised up to surface at a uniform velocity at
each segment.
 Based on discharge, sediment (coarse, medium and fine) observations and analysis, consultant will
compute and submit the data of discharge and sediment yield on daily, monthly and annual basis. The
analysis should be carried out in order to evaluate the volumes and characteristics of sediment
transportation including, particle size distribution. Petrographic analysis will be done to determine the
hardness of particles, particle size and the nature of material entering the power waterways,
 develop a rating curve of suspended sediment load of the river,
 estimate the bed load contribution using suitable and appropriate method as per the site condition,
estimate the possible ranges of sediment load to the power stations and recommend suitable value for
design,
Figure 9 And Figure 10 shows the particle size distribution (PSD) curve and mineralogical analysis result
carried out by consultant during Detailed Project Report (DPR) study of Likhu 1 HEP 77MW.
Figure: 9 Particle Size distribution (PSD) curve Figure 10: Mineralogical

Analysis
GLOF Study
The objective of this activity is to identify and investigate the risk and consequences associated with the possible
occurrence of Glacier Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF). Consultant will incorporate the recommendations from this
task into the Project design to minimize risk and the potentially adverse consequences resulting from an
occurrence of GLOF.
Consultant’s approach will involve establishment of a database of potential GLOF sources, evaluating possible
consequences of floods, and formulating preliminary recommendations for design. The assessment will be
coordinated with hydrologic evaluations and design of project structures, and if the recommendations are
accepted upon review and discussion with DoED, Consultant will provide a general scope of an early warning
system to be incorporated into the design of the Project. Additional recommendations will address long-term
monitoring activities to be followed by DoED.
Activities that will be performed by the Consultant includes the following:
 Collection of relevant documents, maps and information from all possible sources;
 Communication with DoED and other concerned organizations that have conducted field or office
studies on GLOF problems within or in the vicinity of the Project catchment basin;
 Review and study of documents, maps, aerial photos, satellite imagery, etc.;
 Determination of availability of satellite imagery and aerial photography of the Project area, select
appropriate resolution, wavelength and scale for imagery. Recommend acquisition of imagery, if not
already available;
 collect the historical GLOF data,
 identify and locate the existing and potential Glacier Lake Outburst Flood GLOF) sites in the Arun
catchment
 Preliminary assessment of the magnitude and damage potential due to GLOF incidents;
 Identify general characteristics of sediments likely to be transported by a GLOF;

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 review the assessment of occurrence of floods, GLOFs, Cloud Outburst Floods (CLOFs)and Landslide
Dam Floods (LDFs),
 analyse and estimate potential GLOF hazard for the project, and
 Review and report on current practice in GLOF early warning systems, and conceptual design of a
possible system for the Project
 Study and carry out impact assessment of flood risks due to floods of different return periods including
GLOF with possible mitigation measures,
 Also analyse downstream impact of GLOF at the proposed dam and appurtenant structures
If necessary, during the development of the Project, GLOF is determined to be a concern of the Project, the
following additional activities might include:
 Generate hypothetical GLOFs of selected peaks at the potential sources, and routing of these floods to
the Project site to evaluate their effects. This will require the use of preparation of a dam break.
 Prepare the basic design and specifications for an Early Warning System (EWS), based on satellite
imagery or other sources.
 Prepare initial cost and operational cost estimates for EWS.
 Prepare guidelines and procedures to be adopted by the Project operational staff during a GLOF
incident.
Climate Change Study

The consultant will collect the require data and assess the impact of climate change on hydrology for flow in
different season using hydrological simulation of flow from the calibrated and validated models using different
scenarios of climate change based on the standard and regulatory formats. The consultant will detail the study
and will propose the measures to reduce the impacts of climate change. The findings of the climate change will
also be included in the EIA study as well as the design memoranda.
3.2.3 Geological and Geotechnical Investigations

The ToR states that this task covers all geological and geotechnical inputs necessary to complete the design
Study, tender design, Specifications, Tender Drawings and development and design measures for rock mass
support, surface condition and underground conditions.
A desk study will be carried out for collecting available archival records, literature, maps, imagery and
photograph relevant to the site concerned to ascertain a general picture if the existing geological conditions prior
to a field investigation and to make an initial assessment of the ground condition and to identify, if possible, any
potential geotechnical problem. Following study will be carried out at this stage.
 Review of geological and geotechnical literature and maps relevant to the prospective development
sites, including collection and review of available geological and geotechnical reports nearby study area,
as well as examination and interpretation of stereo pair aerial photographs.
 Assessment of regional geological setting and hence preparation of the regional geological map for the
project area in 1:25,000 scale with standard practices of geological mapping.
 Assessment of regional seismic setting.
 Location of the regional faults.
According to the geological division of Nepal, the project structures lies in Higher Himalayan unit which is
occupied by mainly schist, quartzite, gneiss and migmatite. In the priliminary observation, it is seen that the
project area is influneced by lesser himalyan gneises as well. Since there seems two different type of rock in the
project boundary, it is suspected that there might be some local shear zone or MBT. The consultat is fully aware
of this situation and will give high care during geological mapping. The location of project area has been shown
in the regional map Figure 11.

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Figure 11: Regional Geological Map of the Project Area (Source: Dhital, 2015)
3.2.3.1 ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL MAPPING

Site specific, detailed geotechnical engineering and engineering geology investigation will be performed to
classify the geological and geotechnical hazards and consecutive risk. Engineering geological studies shall
include, but not limited to:
4 Geological classification and geotechnical description of rock and rock discontinuities
4 Engineering classification and geotechnical description of soil and surfacial deposits
4 Geologic mapping, sampling, testing, and performing discontinuity surveys
4 Geological hazard mapping of the project area
4 Engineering Geological Mapping of project area
4 Detailed Engineering geological mapping and cross section in Dam axis, Tunnel Inlet and outlet Portal, Tunnel
Alignment, Surge Shaft area, Penstock Alignment and Powerhouse and tailrace alignment
4 Permeability test, especially in the headworks area
4 Liquefaction and related settlement hazards
4 Ground water condition, seepage study and acquisition of ground water data
4 Differential settlement across the site
4 Corrosively of the soil and groundwater
4 Exploratory drilling/Core Logging
4 Tectonics/ Seismicity
Detailed engineering geological mapping will be done, the mapping will cover all locations of the project
components. The geological mapping of the project will include the geological information such as major joint
sets, trends of rock formations, types of surface deposits, faults, folds, shear zones, slide zones, water seepage
zones etc. The map will be useable to establish suitability of the site for intended purposed dam (type and
height), power house (surface and underground), tunnel alignment etc. the map will be basic map for further
detailed study.

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At this stage of investigation geological expertise and knowledge of the project parameter will be used to the
maximum possible extent. Prior to detailed engineering geological survey general and specific needs will be
determined for geo-technical exploration, analysis & design to determine geo-technical parameter and priorities
them.
The detailed engineering geological mapping will be prepared for the area around major hydraulic structures
(dam site, tunnel alignment, power house site). The mapping will include details of geological conditions of
various rock units, degree of weathering, attitude of rock, prominent and random joint systems and their
persistency, slides, major and minor faults, shear and fracture zones, types of surface deposits or overburden,
tracing of rock outcrops and overburden boundary, slope stability & ground water situation.
The state-of-art trend in rock mass classification is the so called Geological Strength Index (GSI) based
classification after Hoek and Brown (1996), which are demonstrated to yield the engineering properties of rock
more accurately. The Consultant has hands on experience on using this classification system and intends to use
the system extensively in combination with the conventional RMR and Q values. As the GSI classification is
proposed to be used in the project as an innovative tool, the Consultant also proposes to carry out rock triaxial
tests which can validate the output engineering properties from the GSI approach.
The mapping will identify and indicate the geological distributions of bedrock and soil, overburden deposits,
ground water condition, slope stability, degree of weathering, discontinuities (fault, fold, shear/weak zone,
joints/foliation) and properties of rock, soil, joints, faults and weak/shear zones. Samples of different rock types
during the mapping process will be collected, clearly labelled and transported to a laboratory for analysis. Rock
and soil types will be classified according to BS 5930 or ASTM. Properties of rock and soils will be identified for
design purpose.
3.2.3.2 HAZARD MAPPING

For Hazard Mapping geological setting of the area will be studied in detail for delineation of such structurally
weak zones which could be possible collapse of tunnel and other components. All shear and or weakness
zones, faults, landslides, slope instabilities, lineaments will be clearly shown in the map.
The mapping will be mapped in the following two approaches:

4 Probabilistic approach (1:25,000) for the project area (Attributes for the probability are Slope aspects, lineament
density, drainage density, internal relief, soil map and geological map)
4 Deterministic approach (Physical based stability modeling) (1:25,000)
3.2.3.3 GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

The geophysical survey will be carried out in order to investigate the sub-surface geological condition of the
project area. The consultant will plan and recommend the suitable type of geophysical survey eg, ERT or SRT
based on site condition, noise level and depth to be surveyed. The findings of the survey will be correlated with
other information available at the time of report preparation such as core drilling and other investigation if any.
The equipment used for the survey will be SISCAL PRO multi-channel resistivity meter or other of equivalent or
better quality.
In defining saturated and unsaturated material, different material type of overburden, underlying rock strata and
their respective strength, weak zones shear zones in bedrock identifying gravitationally deformed slopes, shear
planes in slopes, paleo valleys, collapsed rock mass zones and rock slides. Data acquisition can be carried out
accurately up to 200 m depth by suitably placing the electrodes in between 7 m to 30 m and will be marked with
wooden pegs. The whole survey will be controlled with a laptop computer by programming a sequence of
resistivity measurements. Electrode arrangement (e.g. Wenner, Schlumberger, dipole-dipole, pole- dipole) will
be selected by the consultant depending upon the depth of investigation required and the geological condition of
the site.
Figure 12 And Figure 13 shows results of ERT survey carried out by consultant during Detailed Project Report
(DPR) study of Likhu 2 HEP 55 MW.

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Figure 12: Electrical Resistivity Tomogram Figure 13: Interpretative cross section
Pseudo section will be displayed by plotting apparent resistivity value at a distance along a profile that
corresponds to the middle of the array and at a depth proportional to the electrode spacing. This pseudo section
will be processed by using inversion scheme to estimate the subsurface resistivity properties. Once an image of
the subsurface is obtained, interpretation will be carried out using prior knowledge about the geology/ hydrology.
The resistivity and thickness of different layers may be computed manually or by the use of standard software.
The result of the Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) survey will be interpreted in terms of thickness of
different strata and the physical properties of the strata. Surface geological observation and other evidence of
sub-surface condition will support this interpretation. The final report of the survey will also contain limitations &
pitfalls of the survey.
3.2.3.4 CORE LOGGING

After the geophysical investigation next step of the works is core drilling which is used to obtain the subsurface
information on foundation conditions and also to test the validity of geo-physical investigation.
The works to be performed shall include, but not be limited to the following items.
4 Mobilization and demobilization of drill rig and its accessories.
4 Platform construction and setting up of drill machine.
4 Shifting of drill rig from one location to another including temporary access road construction.
4 NQ size rock coring and water pressure testing.
4 Maintaining of records.
4 Laboratory test of rock cores such as Point Load Test, Uniaxial Compression test, Petrographic Analysis including
thin section.
4 Preparation of geological log of bore holes.
4 Preparation of report with data analysis and interpretation.
4 Installation of piezometer in the borehole.
Core drilling will be conducted so as to obtain continuous cores with the maximum practicable amount of core
recovery. Core barrels will be double tube or triple tube, equipped with inner tubes and diamond bits sized to
produce "NQ size core.
The Geologist after the approval of DoED will determine the borehole location, drilling procedures, total depth,
sample intervals and document the requirements in the Drilling Plan and Sampling Plan prior to the start of field
activities. The basis for this prospecting is the proper recovery of core from earth crust obtained in cylindrical
form by annular cutting action of bit and can be regarded as true and unaltered specimen of rock with hard
mineral deposit. These cores are then tested for various chemical, mechanical and physical properties.
The Geologist will be present at the drill site while coring is in progress. The Geologist will observe all handling
of the core by the drill crew, will prepare a lithology log. The Geologist will collect core samples at specific
intervals for purposes of chemical analyses and physical testing.
Core recovery is defined as % of core length recovered w.r.t drilled length of run.
Core recovery (%) = (Length of core/Length of run) x100
100% core recovery is difficult to attain when drilling soft rocks/fragmented formation. Standard core recovery in
medium to hard formation is between 80-100%.
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However, it may be emphasized that that core recovery depends on nature of strata, condition of drill
accessories and type of drilling. It is largely independent of human intervention. The drilling crew takes absolute
care for enhanced core recovery but it can be achieved only when better accessories and technology is used.
Apart from nature of formation, there can be various reasons for low core recovery. There are broadly three main
factors that affect core recovery.
 Type of formation encountered- For loose formation there is chances of poor recovery.
 Set of Equipment selected excessive washing of core in barrel-bit assembly, improper selection of bit
speed and feed, excessive vibration of string, improper drilling fluid etc.
 The diameter of core is determined by I.D of drill bit under use.
Every effort will be made to recover the core in 100 percent.
Three types of colored photographs: (a) photographs showing the site before investigation, (b) photographs
showing the drilling operation at site and (c) photographs showing the stake after the completion of the
investigation will be included in the report. In addition to photographs, drilling work completion report from
responsible site staff will also be submitted in the field investigation report.

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Figure 14: Sample Core Hole Logging
Core sample taken from each borehole will be placed in order in core box. After placement in core box, the core
will be photographed in color prints. NQ size core box will be provided by the firm. All boxes will be uniform in
size. Each core box will be capable of holding approximately 5 meters of core in parallel rows not exceeding one
meter in length. Each core box will contain partitions, which will be arranged to allow for convenient marking and
interpretation of core. Wooden core loose blocks and end of run blocks having a cross-section of 5 cm inside
dimension will be provided. Core losses will be replaced in each run by the core loss blocks equal in length to

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the core loss. Wrapping in plastic will preserve the soft soil or friable portions of core such as badly weathered
and decomposed zone or joint fillings or other soil.
The Consultant will be responsible for the cores and will provide a suitable location for temporary storage of
cores to protect them against theft, loss or damage during drilling of the hole. After completion of hole, all the
cores and boxes will become the property of Department of Electricity Development. The Consultant will deliver
the core boxes to Department of Electricity Development.
Work progress and all findings for each drilling unit will be submitted. The daily report will include but not be
limited to the following items:
4 Date
4 Mobilization and demobilization of drill rig and its accessories.
4 Location and hole no.
4 Diameter of the hole
4 Depth and size of casing pipe
4 Water level in the morning and evening
4 Drilling time of each operation
4 Drilling depth of each operation and daily progress
4 Rate of water flow applied for drilling as well as return or loss of injected water.
4 Water loss and spring shall be recorded as detailed as possible together with the depth, if any.
4 Color of water returned
4 Diameter and type of drill bit.
4 Core recovery.
4 Description of subsurface conditions and all findings obtained during drilling
4 Model of drill machine used.
4 Name and signature of operator and recorder and the number of workers.
The Consultant will prepare the geological logs of each of the bore hole simultaneously with drilling. The bore
hole logs will be prepared by engineering geologist/geological engineer/geo-technical engineer in a standard
format as shown below or with minor modification after consultation with client and consultant after approval.
Work progress and all findings for each drilling unit shall be submitted in the Standard format. The bore hole log
shall contain at least the following information.
4 Date (start and finish)
4 Drill hole number.
4 Location.
4 Site coordinates.
4 Elevation.
4 Drill Machine.
4 Drilling method.
4 Casing.
4 Depth of the hole.
4 Driller.
4 Logged by.
4 Core recovery %.
4 RQD.
4 Lugeon value.
4 Discontinuity characteristic.
4 Remarks
For Bore Hole Location, the pre-cast concrete pillar of size 10cm x 10cm x 200 cm long and marked with
borehole number and elevation will be driven at the location of borehole drilled. The height of the concrete pillar
will not be less than 1m, if any deviation seems to be incorporated during implementation, it will be discussed
and finalize accordingly.
Permeability test
The Consultant will measure the groundwater level and perform permeability tests to determine the water
bearing characteristics of the overburden. The Consultant will provide an adequate source of clear water, a
means of measuring the rate of flow of water, added to the top of the hole and a means of measuring the depth
of water in the hole.

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The hole will be advanced by driving casing to the required depths. Only flush joint casing will be used and the
casing shoe or bit will have the same outside diameter as the casing. The objective of driving the casing is to
obtain as tight a seal as practical between the casing and the overburden to preclude leakage of water along the
outside of the casing during testing. Drilling and casing techniques will be oriented towards this goal. All cuttings
will be cleaned out to the bottom of the casing and the hole flushed with clear water. Clear water will be added to
fill the hole to the top of the casing, and the rate of fall of the water level in the casing with time will be measured
as required. Alternatively, clear water will be added to the casing at a constant rate of flow and the rate of flow
necessary to maintain the water level in the casing will be measured as required. The following information will
be recorded:
4 Hole number.
4 Depth of bottom of hole.
4 Depth of bottom of casing.
4 Diameter of hole, inside diameter of casing.
4 Rate of fall of water level in the hole in centimeters per minute, or rate of flow of water added to the hole in liters per
minute.
4 Date and time of test.
4 Name and signature of person conducting the test.
4 Result of permeability test
Lugeon Test
The extents of grouting and cut-off depths required in a dam foundation are directly related to the hydraulic
conductivity (permeability) of the rock masses involved. Selecting a representative value of hydraulic
conductivity becomes of the outmost importance during design; especially, since under such a wide variation
range, averaging the measured values will not suffice. Unlike soils, where seepage takes place through a series
of small, closely spaced, interconnected pore spaces, seepage through rock masses occurs mostly along
discrete planar discontinuities (e.g., joints, foliations, shears, etc.).
Lugeon tests are carried out to assess the variability of a borehole as it intersects various hydrogeological units.
Open hole water levels and pumping tests can give misleading results in such environments. Therefore, packer
testing is often utilized to help understand the detailed hydrogeological properties of the various horizons. This
knowledge can often be essential to the proper design of the hydrogeological program.
Figure 15: Lugeon test arrangement
Table 4: Lugeon Test Interpretation

Hydraulic Conductivity Condition of Rock Mass Reporting Precision
Lugeon Range Classification
Range (cm/sec) Discontinuities (Lugeons)
<1 Very Low < 1 x 10-5 Very tight <1
1-5 Low 1 x 10-5 - 6 x 10-5 Tight ±0
5-15 Moderate 6 x 10-5- 2 x 10-4 Few partly open ±1
15-50 Medium 2 x 10-4- 6 x 10-4 Some Open ±5

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50-100 High 6 x 10-4 - 1 x 10-3 Many open ± 10

Open closely
>100 Very High > 1 x 10-3 >100
spaced or voids
As required, the Consultant will measure the ground water level and perform water pressure tests (Lugeon tests)
using suitable mechanical or pneumatic packers to determine the water bearing characteristics and rock mass
condition of the rock. Use of drilling mud or other substances that may affect the permeability of the rock will not
be permitted. The packer used will be of double type.
The Consultant will arrange an adequate source of clear water, pumps capable of delivering water at rates up to
130 liters/minute at pressures up to 10 kg/cm 2, packers capable of sealing off portions of the hole under
pressures of up to 10 kg/cm2, water meter (s) reading to the nearest 0.5 liters per minute with an accuracy
within 10 percent, gauge(s) for reading water pressures up to 10 kg/cm 2 with an accuracy of 10 percent, a
stopwatch, valves to allow regulation of flow pressure, and other equipment necessary to conduct the tests.
The hole will be flushed with clear water prior to pressure tests. Tests will be conducted either progressively from
the bottom of the hole upward for the entire portion of the hole in rock, or for isolated segments of the hole.
Water pressure tests will be carried out in each borehole at 3 m intervals in general. Adequate reasons &
evidences will be provided if the no of such test has to be reduced due to some site specific conditions such as
hole collapse. The test pressures for each section will be changed at five steps. Prior to starting the test, three
gauge pressures will be selected, minimum, maximum and intermediate. Flow rate of injecting water will be
observed under each step of the pressure for 10 minutes after the flow rate becomes stable and will be recorded
at every minute.
The Consultant will submit the daily report of the field permeability test for each test stages in suitable format.
The report will include, but not be limited to the following information.
4 Date, hole no, test no, location
4 Packer type, hole diameter
4 Depth of packer setting and the bottom of borehole
4 Test length
4 Gauge height above the ground
4 Depth of water table
4 Pressure of water supply
4 Test period 10 minutes
4 Time of test
4 Name and signature of person conducting the test
4 Depth of casing
4 Pressure test results
Standard Penetration Test (SPT)

The split spoon sampler resting on the bottom of the bore hole will be allowed to sink under its own weight, and
then it should be driven 15 cm below with the blows of hammer dropping from 75 cm height. Thereafter it should
be further driven by 30-50 cm below (except when the sampler is full of core).The number of blows required for
every 15 cm of penetration is recorded. The first 15 cm of drive may be considered as seating drive. The total
blows required for 2nd and 3rd 15 cm of penetration may be termed as penetration resistance ‘N’. If the split
spoon sampler is driven less than 45 cm then the penetration resistance shall be for the last 30 cm of
penetration or if less than 30 cm is penetrated the log should record the number of blows and the depth.
3.2.4 Seismological/Seismicity Study

Seismic study of the project area will be carried out for the determination of appropriate Operation Basis
Earthquake (OBE), Maximum Design Earthquake (MDE) that are necessary to ensure earthquake safety of the
major structures under requirements mandated by the site location and its associated seismic hazard, the
selected design and the risk of failure of the competent structure.
For seismicity study, Consultant will review the pertinent and available geological and seismological data, make
a determination of the seismic exposure of the project, and recommend seismic design parameters for the
various major elements of the project. The Consultant will identify and locate the major regional and local
tectonic belts in the vicinity of the projects site and will assess the effect of those tectonic activities on the
hydropower component. For the analysis of seismicity in the region as available from the DMG Nepal and World
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Seismicity Network along with discrete fault effects will be studied and appropriate seismic loads will be
proposed in terms of seismic acceleration coefficient, design accelerograms etc. Apart from this, the Consultant
will focus on the following parameters:
 Detailed investigation of fault structure in the project area and its surrounding.
 Assessment of magnitudes and locations of past earthquake events. The program should include
determination of fault plane and focal depth for some of the larger events near the dam site. Information
available from Department of Mines, Government of Nepal may be used for this purpose. Determination
of dynamic response profiles for accelerations and velocities applicable at different elevations on the
dam for the Design Basis Earthquake (DBE) and Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE) including likely
damage to structures for each case.
 Investigation on possibility of reservoir induced seismicity after the impoundment of reservoir.
 Recommendation on the needs for establishment of the seismic network in the project area and
preparation of the technical specification of the equipment (seismographs, accelerometers etc.) for
procurement and installation by NEA.
 Review the pertinent and available geological and seismological data.
 History of earthquakes in project site with epicenter(s) and date(s) of occurrence etc. and details of
seismological data collected from the seismological observatories installed by National seismological
center /Department of mines and geology/ GON and other available sources and evaluation of seismic
status of faults, thrusts and other weak features etc.
 Need assessment for establishment of new seismic observatories considering the location of seismic
observatories station established earlier
 Seismic activity in the project area will be analyzed using history of earthquake that secured in and
around Nepal.
 The result will be supplemented by examination of the study of satellite images and aerial photos.
 Seismic risk will be specified in term of value and kinematic of co-seismic displacement and the return
period in case of earthquake due to cross cutting of the active fault in the project structure.
 Based on the available information and assessment of local and regional seismicity, the seismic design
criteria of structures will be calculated
3.2.5 Construction Material Survey

Identification of feasible and qualitatively acceptable quarry sites is another important aspect of the consulting
services. The consultant will identify and investigate borrow areas and quarry sites for the construction materials
such as impervious soils, stones, sand and gravel etc. as required. Adequate survey will be carried out for
identification of suitable site for construction material. The total quantity of materials at different locations that is
required will be estimated by geological mapping. Representative samples will be collected from each quarry site
for laboratory tests. The consultant will also perform all of the standard tests to confirm their suitability. Tests will
be carried out as per ASTM and other international standards for sampling.
3.2.6 Laboratory Test

These tests will be carried out as per the field requirements so as to establish the basic rock and soil mechanics
parameters, and to assess suitability of material for construction purpose. The tests may vary according to
geological and geotechnical situation and type and dimension of proposed structures. In general the consultant
has the capacity to perform tests specified in Table 5 and carry out those as per the requirement.
Table 5: Laboratory Tests to be performed

Name of Test Adopted Standards/Methodology
Point Load Strength Index Test ASTM D5731 - 08
Test on Rock Core/ Aggregates
Unconfined Compressive Strength test of ISRM recommendation, ASTM D2938-80

Rock
Petrographic analysis USGS and ISRM recommendation
Gradation Test and Classification As per ASTM Designation D 422-63 (1972) and Designation E-6
of the Earth Manual
Unified Soil Classification System (USCS), Bs 1377:Part 2: 1990
Absorption and Specific gravity Test As per ASTM Designation D 854-83 and Earth Manual
Designation: E - 10.ASTM C97-83. ISRM recommendation
Sodium Sulphate Soundness Test As per AASHTO DESIGNATION: T 104-77 (1982).
Los Angeles Abrasion Test As per AASHTO DESIGNATION: T 96-77 (1982), ASTM C131-
69 andC535-69 and ISRM commission recommendation
Unit Weight Test ASTM standard test method C97- 83
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Name of Test Adopted Standards/Methodology

Mortar Bar Tests (Alkali-Aggregate As per ASTM C 97-83 (corrected in 1985) and
Reactivity Test) AASHTO DESIGNATION: T 85-81
Natural moisture content As per the Earth Manual, ASTM, 1995. D4318. Bs 1377:Part 2:
1990
Atterberg limit test As per the Earth Manual, ASTM,1995. D4318. Bs 1377:Part 2:
Test on Soil
1990
Shrinkage limits test ASTM D-427; AASHTO T- 92.
Grain size analysis BS 1377:PART 2:1990
Standard Proctor compaction BS 1377: 1975 TEST 12
Specific gravity test ASTM D5550 -06
Triaxial tests if necessary BS 1377:PART 8:1990
3.2.7 Logistic Survey
3.2.7.1 TRANSPORTATION / ACCESSIBILITY STUDY

Transportation and accessibility are important aspects in development of hydropower projects. For a project to
be feasible the cost of the project should have adequate development in the transportation infrastructure. During
the feasibility study phase, we will access the condition of transportation development around the project
location. Based on the transportation network around the project area, the consultant will propose and survey
the access road to the project area. If the existing roads need any improvement in view of transportation of
project materials and equipment to site, such improvement studies will also be carried out and included in the
cost estimate section.
3.2.7.2 CONSTRUCTION POWER SURVEY

The consultant will conduct survey for power required for construction of this hydropower project as well as
camp site. The study will include assessment of requirement of electricity to facilitate construction of the project,
assess the possible options to meet requirement of power/electricity for construction such as diesel Generator,
grid connection and small hydro etc., identification of hydropower projects of required capacity in the vicinity of
the project areas which can be developed to meet supply requirement of project.
The consultant will also conduct preliminary study for development of small hydropower project nearby the
project area and conduct the preliminary level of study of selected proposed hydropower project in order to
identify/set the parameters/features of the project for further investigation/study.
3.2.7.3 CONSTRUCTION LABOUR SURVEY AND PROPERTY ACQUISITION SURVEY

Based on the nature of the task, the consultant will categorize the need of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled
labours for different natures of work. We will also access the availability of such manpower in the local market.
Further, for some training based expertise, we will report the need of capacity building trainings to the project
affected people. In addition we will also access the need of camp facilities required for construction. The location
of the camp facilities will also be identified in the feasibility stage. Then, the cost of construction camps and
permanent buildings required for construction and manpower will be estimated.
3.2.7.4 OTHER INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES

The consultant will also access the condition and necessity of other infrastructural facilities in the site. The major
considerations will be on the size of the project and the project implementation schedule. Based on that, the
need and status of local market, health facilities, availability of water, electricity power, communication system
and the land requirement for development of new facilities and other basic commodities etc. will be accessed.
Based on the assessment, the need of infrastructural facilities will be proposed in the feasibility report and it will
be reflected in the cost estimate.
3.2.7.5 LAND INVENTORY AND PROPERTY ACQUISITION SURVEY

The hydropower development involves acquisition of large quantity of land and displacement of many affected
families. The consultant will conduct the survey to identify land area required for project development and make
inventory of land and property that are to be acquired for the project.

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While doing so, the consultant will assess the land area required by each project components/structures such as
power house, surge tank, dam, intake, spillway, adits, tunnel alignment, switchyard, camp site, office site,
access road and project road. The consultant will identify the nature of land to acquire and compile the land
records clearly mentioning the name of owner, VDC and ward, plot number, sheet number, land area, type of
land, land use and land category (khet, bari, kharbari, pakha). The consultant will identify the above land
requirement in terms of permanent and temporary based on need of the project. The consultant will prepare map
using GIS application allocating various appropriate attributes of collected data.
In addition, the consultant will conduct socio-economic baseline survey of the families whose land will be
acquired by the project and/or that will be directly affected by the project. The intent of this survey will be to
provide a basic data for acquisition of land and baseline socio-economic condition of the direct project affected
families.
3.3 Phase 3: Project Layout and Engineering Design

Once the feasibility level investigations and EIA studies are carried out, the consultant will analyse the results
from those studies and carry out feasibility level design based on that. The foremost role is to finalize the design
memorandum for the project components. Then the consultant will prepare general arrangement and sizing of
the project component and carry out the optimization studies wherever possible. Activities that will be carried out
under this phase are detailed below.
3.3.1 Finalization of Design Base Memorandum

Before the start of the Engineering Design studies, the Design and Safety Criteria complying with current state-
of-the art technology will be established. The design concept of the Project established in the Feasibility study
will be reviewed to determine the optimum design, aiming to maximize the power and energy benefits.
The Consultant will provide to the Client a Design Criteria Report defining all the parameters, standards,
assumptions to be used and followed during the design activities for the seismicity, geology, hydrology,
hydraulics, stability, structural and materials. In this report the international experience of our consortium will be
used widely to allow the Client for having a reliable and safe project.
The Design Criteria Report will include the following items;
i) Standard or codes for each structure

ii) General design data
a. Hydrology, meteorology, sediment
b. Topography
c. Geotechnical parameters
d. Design earthquakes for static and dynamic analysis
iii) Common design criteria for civil structures
a. Hydraulic design criteria
b. Structural design criteria for concrete structures
c. Structural design criteria for steel structures
d. Design Criteria for Open Excavation Works
e. Design Criteria for Underground Works
iv) Particular design criteria
a. Design criteria for Dam
b. Design criteria for spillway
c. Design criteria for tunnels
d. Design criteria for intake and tailrace outlet
e. Design criteria for access roads and temporary roads
f. Design criteria for hydro-mechanical equipment
g. Design criteria for electrical equipment
h. Design criteria for powerhouse and turbines
i. Design criteria for generator, switchgear, transformers
3.3.2 Selection of Project Configuration

Once the design criteria are finalized, the consultant will select the best project layout alternatives identified and
evaluated during inception phase study. The selected alternative will be studied in detail during optimization
studies. While analysing different project layout alternatives, the consultant will pay due attention to Upper Arun
Hydropower project layout as well which lies immediately below the current project. The downstream projects
located in Arun River are shown in Figure 16.…
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Figure 16: Hydropower projects in Arun valley
3.3.3 Project Optimization Studies

The optimization process includes determination of optimal capacity and energy generation in conjunction with
the economic evaluation. The optimization will be done for selected alternative layout only. Th e optimization
studies will include project layout; hydraulic structures (diversion works, intake structures, desanding facilities,
headrace tunnel, surge tank/forebay, penstocks, powerhouse, etc.); and installed capacity. Project optimization
studies for electro-mechanical equipment will include the optimization studies of generators and turbines; sub-
station and service equipment; area lightening services, communication and control systems, emergency power
sources etc.
The Consultant will propose the intake and tailrace sites to best utilize the available head. If possible, the intake
site will be shifted upstream while tailrace site will be shifted further downstream to increase the gross head.
Efforts will be made to reduce the head loss between various component structures such as headwork,
desander, tunnel inlet, powerhouse and tailrace. For the purpose, the rating curves of the intake and tailrace will
be carefully developed with the most likely roughness parameters.
The installed capacity in hydropower projects is optimized considering the range of installed capacities and
correspondingly with the range of design discharge. The capacity optimization will be constrained by fixed
design discharge. However, the consultant will make efforts to optimize the capacity with other parameters as
much as possible. As a quick check, the capacity and cost of the hydropower component was estimated using
Hydrohelp1 software. The result shows that the capacity of the plant may increase. This will be carefully
assessed during the design stage.
3.3.4 Engineering Design and Preparation of Detailed Drawings
3.3.4.1 CIVIL WORKS

The Consultant will carry out the design of civil works including planning, layout as well as hydraulic, structural
and geotechnical (stress and stability) analysis and design, as required, of the following project components
under different conditions of operation and loading. The designs will include, but not limited to, the following:
 Construction facilities (temporary access, camps etc.);

 Diversion during construction (upstream and downstream coffer dams, diversion tunnel / canal including
its inlet and outlet structures, plugs, etc.);

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 Diversion weir, including its non-overflow and spillway sections, energy dissipaters, and other
appurtenances;
 Intake and its appurtenances;
 Desanding basin and its appurtenances such as flushing system;
 Approach canal;
 Headrace tunnel, including adits, access tunnels, rock traps, etc.
 Surge tank / forebay (including all transient analysis to determine surge tank-size and effect on unit
operation);
 Penstocks and appurtenances;
 Powerhouse, including its general arrangement, drainage system and other facilities such as water
supply system, sewerage and drainage system, heating and ventilation system, fire protection system,
etc.);
 Tailrace and outlet facilities;
 Permanent access (tunnel, roads, bridges, etc.) to meet the requirements of the project;
 Switchyard;
 Transmission line;
 Temporary and permanent project camps.
The Consultant will conduct a constructability analysis of the various project components to ensure that the
proposed structures can be erected at the specific site with the available construction technologies, equipment
and manpower.
While carrying out the designs, the Consultant will carefully consider the appropriateness and applicability of the
designs, techniques and solutions to the project site conditions. For example, underground surge tank may be
more promising where rock conditions are good and the possibility of surface surge tank is not appropriate for
the site condition. Similar will be the case of underground versus surface powerhouse. The Consultant will
prepare comparative analysis of the surface versus underground facilities and through consultation with the
Client, will finalize the finally chosen options.
Similarly, there exist options for various types of desanders, tunnel supports, penstock shafts, gates, valves as
well as hydraulic turbines. Where such alternatives exist, the Consultant will prepare comparative analysis and
present to the Client prior to the actual design. Some design methodologies for the key structures and facilities
are presented in the following section.
i) Weir and Intake

The Consultant will conceive different forms of the diversion weirs and list their merits and demerits for
discussion and decision from the Client. Different crest levels will be studies and the most optimal level will be
determined based on techno-economic comparison. The main weir may be gated as well as ungated. Likewise
there may be diverse solutions with the type of under sluices and intake gates and their sizes and levels. The
layout may be frontal or lateral. All these options will be studies and the most appropriate type will be
recommended and adopted in the design upon acceptance by the Client. The length of u/s, d/s cutoff and length
of u/s and d/s floor will be computed by seepage analysis. The consultant has capabilities to simulate seepage
flow under the structure by advanced software SEEP/W. The output of SEEP/W program carried out for
consultant’s recent project is shown in Figure 17:
Figure 17: Results of SEEP/W program

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ii) Spillway and Energy dissipating Structures

The spillway will be designed in accordance with design flood discharge. Different type of spillways will be
analyzed and suitable one will be adopted. Since the velocity over spillway will be very high, it can cause erosion
on d/s river side hence a suitable type of energy dissipating structure will be provided on the downstream of
spillway toe. The consultant has generated its own design sheet in spreadsheet for designing spillway and
stilling basin. The Figure 18 illustrates the typical results of spillway and energy dissipating structure using in
house spreadsheet designed for one hydropower project.
Figure 18: Design profile of spillway and stilling basin
iii) Desanding Basin

The criteria for the sediment size and trapping efficiency will be recommended by the Consultant early during the
study period. Upon approval by the Client on the criteria, the detail design of the desander will proceed. There
exist different formulae for the calculation of the desander sizes such as Vetter or Cant methods. If
unconventional shapes of desanders are found necessary, certain hydraulic model testing of the same will be
required. The final design of the desander is dependent on the criteria and site condition. The number of
chambers of the desander will also be subject to the optimization exercise.
iv) Headrace Tunnel Excavation and Support Design

The headrace tunnel in the project will mostly pass along Mahabharat belt, where it is anticipated that some
fault/ shear zones will be encountered which will be problematic for tunnel construction. Further, the proximity to
the MBT/MCT will have significant effect on the stability of the tunnels and portals. The Consultant will consider
all these critical factors in the design of the tunnel.
The methodology of tunnel excavation and support design will be based on the rock mass characteristics. The
prevailing practice is to make use of the Beniaski’s Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and Barton’s Tunneling Quality
Index (‘Q’) system of rock classification. As an initial design, the Consultant will adopt these systems for rock
classification and tunnel support design. These will provide guidelines for the rock support types and stand up
time. The convergence measurements will be required during the construction period to adjust / modify the
support application and timing.
The Consultant will formulate design base memoranda for each of the structure partly or wholly and seek prior
approval before using it in engineering design and calculations. Where the design memoranda is approved in
parts, engineering design and calculation will be done only for that portion and the structure revisited after the
remaining criteria is approved. Also, the Consultants will use standard software like PHASE 2 or equivalent for
the determination of tunnel support and other works. If such software is used the report should contain
information on basic methodology of the analysis/design.

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Figure 19: Sample Procedure for Design of Tunnel Supports Based on Tunnelling Quality
Index ‘Q’
The latest advances on the tunnel design and analysis have come up from Hoek and Brown (1996), which use
separate rock mass classification called Geological Strength Index (GSI) which are demonstrated to correlate
better to the engineering parameters such as Young’s modulus, deformation modulus, tensile strength,
compressive strength etc. The Consultant will apply these state-of-art solutions to the best benefit of the project.
For the application of the solutions, available software such as ROCLAB and EXAMINE2D will be used
extensively.

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Figure 20: Example of Examining Phase 2 Output
Figure 21: Tunnel Support Design Example
v) Surge Shaft
The requirement of surge shaft is dependent on the topographic and geotechnical conditions of the project site.
Because of the need of wider underground opening, the surge tank will require more extensive support
requirements including shotcrete / fibercrete, concrete, rock bolts and steel liner. For low depth below the static /
dynamic head, concrete lining may suffice, while for larger depth, steel liner will be required to withstand the
large internal pressure resulting from hydrostatic and hydrodynamic reasons.
The Consultant will carry out transient analysis of the surge shaft operation following the prevailing guidelines.
Apart from the specified guidelines, the references of E. Mosonyi will be extensively followed. For the purpose,
customized worksheet computations will be made, from in house spread sheets.
vi) Penstock
The penstock is the most important element of the hydropower system. The penstock needs to withstand large
hoop stresses caused by the hydrostatic and hydrodynamic reasons. The water hammer effect also needs to be
considered adequately for the design of the penstock. The penstock can be surface type (saddle supported or
partly buried) or alternatively it may be completely underground (inclined shaft or a combination of vertical and
horizontal shaft). While slope stability aspects will be crucial for surface type penstock, rock stress / stability
problems will encountered for underground shafts. As a conservative measure, the entire hoop stresses
resulting from internal hydrodynamic pressure needs to be resisted safely by the steel liner. In this case, the
steel liner thickness will be same in surface and subsurface types of penstocks. However, for underground

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shafts, a part of the load from internal hydrodynamic pressures will be shared by the rocks as well, thus resulting
in smaller thickness of the steel liner.
The penstock needs to be equipped with valves at either end (generally butterfly type valve at upstream side and
spherical / butterfly / ring valve at the downstream end). In general a single penstock will be provided at the
upper section which will be bifurcated to the number of turbines at the manifold section. The space between the
steel liner and tunnel may remain open or concreted depending on the size of shaft.
vii) Powerhouse
The design of the powerhouse is the most complex one and need coordination of different disciplines. The
starting point will be the sizing of mechanical and electrical equipment to be accommodated within the
powerhouse premise. The number of sets of the generating equipment and setting (vertical / horizontal) will have
major effect on the sizing of the powerhouse. At this point of time, it is anticipated that the turbines and
generators will be set vertically; however, the implications of alternative setting will also be assessed and
recommended accordingly.
The Consultant will be study the variants of vertical versus horizontal setting of turbine-generator units and will
adopt the most optimal variant for further detailed engineering design of the powerhouse foundation and
superstructure.
The number of floors within the powerhouse will be dependent on the functional requirement of the various
electrical and mechanical equipment. The appurtenances such as cooling system, governing system, spiral
casing, nozzles / wicket gates, excitation arrangement, lifting gantry crane arrangement, cable ducts, assembly
hall requirements, control room requirements etc. will dictate the levels and sizes of the rooms / floors.
Facilities such as transformers and switchyards can be either integral with the powerhouse (indoor type) or
separate (outdoor switchyard). The decision on these options will depend on the space availability at the site. It
is notable that Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) system is highly compact and can be accommodated safely
within a small room while the conventional outdoor switchgear needs a large area depending on the number of
machines, double bus requirement, single / double circuit etc. The possibility of using gas insulated switchgear
(GIS) will be discussed with the Client on the basis of preliminary costing of the two alternative systems and the
final design will be based on the agreed option.
viii) Tailrace and Outlet Facilities

The type of the tailrace will be dependent on the topography of the area, outlet river geometry and geological
condition. The initial section of the tailrace will also be dependent on the type and number of machines. The
outlet level will be governed by the high flood level for the designated return period at the tailrace site. The rating
curve for the tailrace will be developed using HECRAS software applied for a substantial stretch of the tailrace
reach. Necessary river protection works along the tailrace outlet will be designed to keep the site safe for a flood
of return period of 100 years or PMF.
3.3.4.2 ELECTROMECHANICAL EQUIPMENT

The design of mechanical works will include design of the following:
 Turbines, including their main parts (such as spiral case, turbine shaft and bearing, stay ring, head
cover, discharge ring and bottom ring, wicket gate, draft tube, air admission system, etc.);
 Governor;
 Pressure oil supply system;
 Pressure air supply system;
 Inlet valve;
 Water supply system;
 Drainage system;
 Overhead traveling crane;
 Draft tube gate, etc.
Similarly, the design of electrical equipment will include design of the following:
 Generator; including its excitation system and neutral grounding equipment;
 Main circuit equipment, including cable bus, unit circuit breaker, etc.;
 Main power transformer;

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 Switchyard equipment;
 Station service power system, batteries, etc.;
 Cooling and lubricating systems;
 Dewatering systems;
 Area lighting and services;
 Communications and control systems;
 Emergency power sources;
 Transmission line upto the switch yard;
3.3.4.3 HYDRAULIC STEEL STRUCTURES

The consultant will carry out detail design of hydraulic steel structures, estimate optimum unit size and formulate
placement procedures. The consultant will focus on design of following components:
 Stoplogs and trashracks
 Intake and undersluice gates
 Adit bulkhead
 Surge shaft emergency gates
 Butterfly valve
 Tailrace gates
3.3.4.4 DETAIL DRAWINGS

The consultant will prepare detail drawings of all civil works, hydro-mechanical and electromechanical works in
standard template with suitable scales. The template will be submitted to DoED for approval before preparing
the drawings. All the drawings produced by consultant will confirm the DoED guidelines.
3.3.5 Construction Planning

Under this task, the Consultant will prepare a master schedule and construction program for development of the
project. This work will define the following:
 pre-construction activities;
 access and transportation route and methods;
 contract packaging;
 location of borrow areas for construction materials;
 location of disposal of mucks and spoils
 Construction methodologies with alternatives;
 Construction labor force requirements;
 Construction camp and infrastructure facilities.
A project schedule will be prepared which will highlight the key events and major milestones. The critical
activities and the critical path of activities in the schedule will be illustrated. Based on the finalized scheme
layout, a detailed construction program will be prepared using the critical path approach with the help of an
appropriate computer program. The minimum economic construction time will be determined and critical
activities identified. The number and location of construction sites, access requirements, and infrastructure and
spoil tip locations will be determined. This work will be carried out in parallel with the design.
Regarding electromechanical equipment and hydro mechanical equipment, the time and periods required for the
design, raw material supply, manufacturing, shipping and erecting will be considered. The schedule will be
prepared taking into consideration the construction of the temporary facilities, the construction methods,
construction equipment, quantities of works etc.
The Consultant will make use of standard project management tools such as Primavera or MS Project to
develop and later monitor construction and implementation schedule.

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The overall project construction schedule will include such general aspects as meteorological conditions, project
site accesses, camp facilities, mobilization, contract negotiation and financing. The co-ordination between
installation of electro-mechanical equipment and civil works will be carefully considered to set up the optimum
construction schedule. The source of construction power will be assessed and included in the survey. The
impact of materials availability on planning will be assessed using the results of the site investigation.
3.3.6 Cost Estimates

A feasibility level cost estimate of the Project will be developed. The estimate will be done on the optimized
layout, structure sizes and the construction methodology conceived for the project, taking account of the project
schedule. It should cover the costs of the preconstruction activities, civil works, electro-mechanical equipment,
and hydraulic steel structures and transmission line. The cost of construction management and engineering will
be included in the estimate as separate items. Appropriate contingencies will be applied to take account of
factors that cannot be adequately defined even at the implementation stage. The cost estimates will be
accompanied with the Consultant’s assumptions on the availability of material, equipment and labor, their unit
rates and rate analyses. Quotations from vendors will be attached for electromechanical or hydro-mechanical
parts. As a normal practice, the accuracy of cost estimates during feasibility level of study lies between 10-20
variations.
Based on the cost estimate and project schedule, a detailed cash flow statement will be prepared. The cost
estimate will be prepared in accordance with international practice. The cost for civil works will be based on
quantities taken from the design of the various structures, and unit costs established with reference with regional
costs of materials and labor.
The cost of equipment will be based on investigations of international market prices. The cost of operation and
maintenance will be estimated on an annual basis and expressed as a percentage of the investment costs for
the project components. The Consultant is able to draw upon its experience of costing various hydropower
projects and other construction works in Nepal.
The cost estimate will take into account access, site infrastructure, all temporary works and services, footbridges
and water supplies. Consideration will be given to the likely construction methods. Contingency sums will be
included which will allow for items, which cannot be adequately defined at Detail Design stage.
The cost of mitigating environmental and social effects will be included as a cost to the project. The construction
management costs for the construction and engineering will be included as a separate items in the estimate.
3.3.7 Power Market and Transmission Line Study
3.3.7.1 POWER MARKET STUDIES

«'
The Consultant will conduct a market study to establish the potential future demand for energy and power in
Nepal and India. The Consultant will:
4 review power market in Nepal and India;

4 review the seasonal variation of energy and capacity demand and power systems to meet the energy
and capacity demand
4 review the system load curves and load forecast ;
4 examine the existing and planned additions and alternative supply options in India and Nepal. Establish
the capital and operating costs for the alternative generation options; and
4 provide a reference scenario for India and Nepal.
3.3.7.2 TRANSMISSION LINE AND CONSTRUCTION POWER STUDY

The Consultant will carry out a desk study for alignment/route selection proposing 3 alternatives alignments of
transmission lines. A pre-feasibility study will be undertaken of all the three alternative alignment in order to
select the best one for feasibility study.
The Consultant will carry out load flow and transient studies and determine transmission requirements to
transmit power to the load centres in Nepal and northern India. The Consultant will also determine substation
requirements at interconnection points to the regional electricity network.

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The feasibility study will include the preliminary design, calculation of cost estimates and preparation of standard
drawings of different components of selected transmission line. The consultant will also conduct study for
construction power supply required for project construction. The construction power study will include study of
nearby substation, transmission line required including the preliminary design, calculation of cost estimates and
preparation of standard drawings of different components of construction power supply system.
3.3.8 Project Financial Evaluation

The analysis of profitability of a project must be done in two stages, an economic analysis and analysis of
financial returns. Consultant will prepare updated financial analysis based on detailed project cost, refined
implementation schedule, risk analysis, etc. Consultant will analyze financial structure, financing plan and
recommend the most appropriate structure/plan. Eventually economic and financial metrics for the Project will be
derived, including a recommended financing plan. The approach for the economic and financial analyses is
described in the subsections below.
3.3.8.1 ECONOMIC ANALYSES

Economic analyses will be carried out to estimate the benefits from Kimathanka Arun Hydropower Project. The
present worth of the benefits will be determined by simulation of the seasonal energy generation using results
from the reservoir operation studies, the power system demand, the firm and average energy supplied from
other power stations, and imports. The present worth of the costs will be determined by combining the
production and maintenance costs with the capital cost of plant construction.
During the study, optimization analyses will be based on minimizing the unit cost of firm energy from the
Hydropower Project. Firm energy will be defined at a stipulated annual reliability (usually 90%) and with a
minimum seasonal variability. Secondary energy will be assigned a value in the analysis but at a much lower
level than the firm energy due to its lower value to the power system.
The study will calculate the Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost ratio and Economic Internal Rate of Return
for the Kimanthanka Arun Hydropower Project. In such calculations, the benefit stream will be derived from the
annual consumer willingness to pay for incremental power consumption from the Kimanthanka Arun Hydropower
Project, any displacement of existing more expensive electricity generation, plus any environmental benefits
associated with avoided carbon emissions. The costs will include all the incremental economic generation,
transmission, distribution, and environmental/ social costs and losses associated with electricity production from
the Project.
The analysis will be an economic evaluation excluding taxes, duties, currency exchange fluctuations, and other
influences that affect the value of the cost and benefits. A constant currency basis will be selected and all costs
and benefits will be valued with a common base. The resulting analysis will be acceptable to the multilateral
lending institutions as a basis for economic evaluation of Kimanthanka Arun Hydropower Project.
Sensitivity analyses will be prepared to assess the importance of the key factors that may be uncertain. This
may include uncertainty in the estimated construction and operation cost due to foreign exchange valuations,
variation in the discount rate, fuel cost escalation, project capital cost, construction schedule, and energy
demand forecast.
The economic analyses will be presented in sufficient detail to satisfy the requirements of the major lending
agencies. In addition, the Consultant will discuss how Clean Development Mechanism (Carbon dioxide Emission
Reduction) credits can be included in the Projects. The consultant will also calculate the quantum of Co2
emission reduction by the development of this project.
Other benefits identified in earlier tasks will be investigated and quantified for inclusion in the economic
analyses, if appropriate.
3.3.8.2 FINANCIAL ANALYSES

The financial analysis will require close coordination with DoED since financing scenarios and government
policies regarding end-user tariffs will have a great impact on future tariffs. At the same time, it is critical to
confirm that the development plan is consistent with the demand forecast. Consultant will develop a simple
power sector model that links the development plan (supply) model to the forecasted load growth to arrive at
market-clearing tariffs that are sustainable to support the Project. In general, the financial analysis will evaluate
the commercial merits of the projects under alternative power market conditions (electricity market and demand),
ownership models, financial packages and fiscal regimes.

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A simplified financial analysis will be developed based on existing models to estimate cost recovery and future
end-users tariffs. The financial analysis will consider the following:
 Costs.
o Construction and equipment supply costs (including import duties).
o Development costs. (Developer, lenders’ legal and financial advisory, land acquisition,
environmental studies and mitigation, working capital, O&M training and set-up, etc.).
o O&M costs.
o Fees for water use.
o Fees for administration and regulatory charge.
 Revenues (depend upon the terms of the PPA).

o Capacity payments.
o Energy payments.
 Financial Parameters.
o Debt/equity ratio.
o Loan conditions (repayment term, interest rate, and grace period).
o Period of analysis.
 Tax Considerations.
o Only taxes associated with construction and equipment supply are to be considered. Tax
considerations related to DoED’s tax position could be included in the analysis if such criteria
are provided.
The financial analysis will include projections in current prices and in fixed prices of the base year of calculation.
By applying an international rate of inflation, calculations will be made in current prices. The financial model
results will include key performance indicators for the next 10 years to assess the Project and its institutional
financial viability.
Sensitivity analyses will be prepared to assess the importance of the key factors that may be uncertain. This
may include uncertainty in the estimated construction and operation cost due to foreign exchange valuations,
variation in the inflation rate, project capital cost, construction schedule, and energy demand forecast.
Financing options will be investigated during this phase since the results will affect the tariff outlook for the
Kimathanka Arun Hydropower Project. The review will include discussions with DoED, as well as with
prospective financing sources internationally. The possible framework for financing will be established along with
the likely cost of debt and its associated charges for guarantees.
3.3.9 Preparation of Contract Module

However, ToR does not include preparation of detailed contract module, it is consultant responsibility to suggest
appropriate contract module for effective execution of the project. Therefore, the consultant will propose
appropriate contract module for the development of the project by maintaining good workability environment and
reducing interface conflicts. Based on general practice the consultant will suggest contract module for different
packages of construction of the project as shown in Table 6. These modules may be modified based on the field
requirements.
Table 6: List of Contract Packages

Package No. Description of Works Model to be used
Package 1 Engineering and construction supervision FIDIC (The White book)
Temporary and Permanent infrastructures such as FIDIC (The Red book)
Package 2
access roads, camps and construction power
Package 3 Civil Works- Headworks FIDIC (The Red book)
Package 4 Civil works - Headrace tunnel including access adits FIDIC (The Red book)
Civil works - surge shaft, pressure shaft, powerhouse FIDIC (The Red book)
Package 5
and tailrace
Hydraulic steel works such as gates, stoplogs and FIDIC (The Yellow book)
Package 6
penstocks
Package 7 Electromechanical works such as turbines, FIDIC (The Yellow book)

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Package No. Description of Works Model to be used
generators and necessary accessories
Package 8 Transmission line EPC contract
3.3.10 Analysis and Modality Finalization of Institutional Arrangement for Project Implementation
Institutional arrangement is a crucial aspect for any project implementation. The project if viable can be
implemented under various modules like Government Agencies and BOOT module. The advantages and
challenges relating to each of the implementation modules will be thoroughly analysed based on the experience
from similar projects. The findings will be explicitly listed in the report. We will analyse the capacity of existing
institution for project implementation and propose a suitable modality for the project. Also, we will assess the
improvements required in the existing institutional arrangement for the project implementation. While doing so,
the consultant will critically analyse alternative institutional set ups to smoothly carryout the project. The
consultant will also clearly identify the resources including but not limited to capacity building measures
(trainings, workshops etc.) physical infrastructures, requirement of software, equipment etc.
3.4 REPORTING STANDARDS

In line with the ToR requirements, the consultant will prepare and submit reports that comprehensively meet the
reporting standards. Reports will be prepared for each of the field investigations, technical studies and
environmental studies. These reports are described in detail under subsequent headings.
The Consultant will prepare and submit the following reports and plans in a language specified by the RFP
document. The Consultant will submit these reports to the project in number of copies as specified in TOR:
Table 7: Feasibility Level Reports and Deliverables

No. of
SN Report Reporting Time Report Content Remarks
Copies
Within 3 Findings of literature review,

1 20 months of Desk, study, all other relevant reports, Mentioned in RFP
Inception maps, data and information, Project
signing of work plan.
Report
contract
Details of the topographic survey
2 Within 8 activities, complete description of all
Topographical
months of mapping prepared, co-ordinate of dam
Survey and 20 Mentioned in RFP
signing of and appurtenant structures, drill hole
Mapping Report
contract location point, quarry site etc., include
details of all reference points.
Include all results, data and

Geological Within 12 interpretations recovered from the
3 20 months of As stipulated in RFP
Baseline Report geotechnical studies and site
signing of investigations.
contract
The Hydrological, Describe the hydrological activities

Within 15
Sedimentation undertaken including establishment of
4 and GLOF Study 20 months of hydrometric stations, flow measurement As stipulated in RFP
Report signing of and sediment sampling, present the
contract analysis of the hydrological data.
The Power
Market, Power Within 18 Describe the power market in Nepal and
System and months of India and include results of the power
5 20 As stipulated in RFP
Power signing of system studies and power evacuation
Evacuation Study contract studies.
Report
6 The Interim 20 Within 20 Include the findings of project layout and As stipulated in RFP
Design Report months of opt1m1zation, hydraulic design, hydro-
signing of mechanical design, electro-mechanical

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design and electrical design and
contract
progress of design works
Include the complete feasibility study
Within 24 reports of the projects including design,
months of optimization, drawings, quantity and
7 Draft Report 20 As stipulated in RFP
signing of cost estimates, construction planning,
contract power evacuation plan, economic and
financial analysis.
Within 26
Incorporate the comments made by
months of
8 Draft Final Report 20 DoED/TSG, present the findings in a As stipulated in RFP
signing of
presentation.
contract
Include the complete feasibility study of
the project including design, project
optimization, drawings, quantity and
Within 30
cost estimates, construction planning,
months of
9 The Final Report 30 power evacuation plan, economic and
signing of As stipulated in RFP
financial analysis, incorporate the
contract
recommendations made in the approved
EIA Report. Consolidated report based
on both the Feasibility Study and EIA
The contents of the various reports will be as described below:
3.4.1 Inception Report

The inception report will cover, but not limited to following aspects:
 Findings of desk study and literature review

 Identification and Evaluation of alternative project layout
 Initial geological and geotechnical assessment of project site
 Conclusion of field reconnaissance survey
 Updated methodology
 Revised field program
 Data gap and further study required, if any
 Field survey and investigation needed
 Information of installed staff gauge, gauge height, requirement for establishment of automatic
hydrological station, metrological and sediment data collected from DHM.
 Color Photographs showing the location of major structures of hydropower project and copy of BM of trig
point sheet collected from Department of Survey.
3.4.2 Topographical Survey and Mapping Report

The Report will present details of the topographic survey activities and will provide a complete description of all
mapping prepared during the study The co-ordinate of dam and appurtenant structures, drill hole location point,
quarry site etc. will be included . It will also include details of all reference points such that the information is
readily available during future stages of project development The topographic map will be handed over to the
client in digital format (workable in AutoCAD/land development) e.g. dwg format for future work.
3.4.3 The Geological Baseline Report

The Report will include all results, data and interpretations recovered from the geotechnical studies and site
investigations. The corresponding interpretations and recommendations will be made in such a manner that it
can be used as a stand-alone document for further development of the projects.
3.4.4 The Hydrological, Sedimentation and GLOF Study Report

The Report will describe the hydrological activities undertaken during the study including establishment of
hydrometric stations, flow measurement and sediment sampling. The report will also present the analysis of the
hydrological data and present results and conclusions regarding magnitude and variability of flows and flood
estimates. The report will include annexure providing copies of data used in the analysis.
3.4.5 The Power Market, Power System and Power Evacuation Study Report
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The report will describe the power market in Nepal and India, will present the results of the power system studies
and power evacuation studies.
3.4.6 The Interim Design Report

As per the RFP, twenty copies of interim field report will be submitted within twenty months of the contract
agreement. The major enclosures in the report will be:
 Progress made in field survey and investigation works carried out up to this period.
 Finding, analysis and interpretation of data of different field survey and investigation carried including
hydraulic design, hydro-mechanical design, electro-mechanical design and electrical design.
 Preliminary layout, preliminary design and outcome of optimization study.
3.4.7 Draft Report

The Draft Report will fully document all aspects of the study. It will also present necessary documentation
concerning the following:
 Design, optimization, calculations, test results, quantity estimate, cost estimate ,drawings, construction
planning, power evacuation plan, economic and financial analysis, sensitivity analysis.
 Entire design calculation sheet including the complete draft report in electronics form.
 Land and property inventory report and socio-economic report.
3.4.8 Draft Final Report

The Draft final Report includes all the contents of the Draft report after incorporating comments from DoED/TSG
on draft report. This is the updated version of the draft report. In addition the Draft Final Report Include following
additional features:
 Construction Planning
 Appropriate contract module
 Project Implementation arrangement
 Draft tender documents and tender drawings as separate volume
 Entire draft final report in electronic form
3.4.9 Final Report

The Final Report will contain complete feasibility study of the project and EIA study including:
 Design, project optimization, drawings, quantity and cost estimates, construction planning, power
evacuation plan, economic and financial analysis.
 Updated Version of draft final report incorporating comments of DoED.
 Two copies of the electronic form of entire final report including the complete report, drawings and all
calculations in actual working format as xls, dwg, doc, etc. as well in pdf format.
4. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Environmental Protection Act (EPA) 1997 and Environment Protection Rules (EPR) 1997 and its amendments
are the two major legal instruments, which provide overall guidance to the Environmental Study in Nepal. As
stipulated by the Environmental Protection Regulation 1997 and its subsequent amendment, hydropower
projects that generate more than 50 MW capacities are subjected to Environmental Impact Assessment.
The Consultant will conduct EIA Study of Hydropower Project in accordance with the requirements of EPA and
EPR and safeguard policies with regard to environmental protection and resettlement. The EIA study will be
carried out in conjunction with the technical team of experts for feasibility study.
4.1 Approach
With the understating of the proposal objectives and scope of works, the consultant intends to embark upon the
services with the following management approaches:

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4 Selection of those methods and technologies which have been tested and proven to be optimum and
successful in ongoing and past projects;
4 Close contact and effective co-ordination with the client and with all concerned authorities;
4 In-depth knowledge of technical, financial management and accounting, gender and social development
and institutional aspects;
4 Full use of available and applicable reports, guidelines, standards, maps and drawings, other relevant
information that are found to be useful for execution and completion of the proposed services in
accordance with accepted professional standards and practices;
4 Selection and timely mobilisation of appropriate project team members;
4 Clear distinction of roles and responsibilities for each members of the team under strict adherence to the
work schedule; and
4 Strict adherence to the work schedule;
4 Work product of high quality to meet the study objectives;
4 Systematic monitoring of both process and performance;
4 Completion of the proposed services within the stipulated time; and
4 Sufficient flexibility to respond to desired changes and direction.
4 Enhancement of environmental qualities and environmental protection at all times during works
In fact the consultant has looked this project as an opportunity for enhancing professional development in the
sector and would like to assure for providing services, which will meet the intended objectives and expectations
of the client. Besides, for the quality assurance of the Project works, the consultant will establish a Backstopping
support for technical and administration support to the consulting team. The objective of such “Backstopping
Support” with “Backstopping Staff” is to assist in maintaining quality assurance system, provide required facilities
and support to the team, and establish expert problem solving mechanism besides auditing the performance and
taking preventive and corrective measures aimed for quality performance.
4.2 Methodology
The Environmental Impact and Social Safeguard Studies of Kimathanka Arun Project will be carried out in
conformance to guidelines and regulatory requirements as per the terms of reference specified in RFP
document.
As per the Government of Nepal’s requirement, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process for the
proposed project would primarily involve two stages:
· Preparation of Scoping Document and Terms of Reference (ToR); and

· Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) including social impacts as per approved ToR
The methodology that will be adapted to complete different phases of the EIA study is briefly presented in the
following section. As per the Government of Nepal’s Environmental Protection Act 1996 and Environmental
Protection Regulations 1997, the general steps involved in proposed EIA is presented in Figure 22, through
schematic representation:

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Figure 22: Methodology for EIA
4.2.1 Reconnaissance Survey and Review of policies and legal provisions

This task will involve collection and review of data, maps, literature, research articles and relevant reports carried
out by Ministry of Energy/DoED/NEA, existing environmental and social safeguard policies, laws and regulations
of Nepal, bilateral and multilateral funding agencies etc.
4.2.1.1 LITERATURE REVIEW

Secondary data from published sources will be collected such as maps, reports of NEA and other sources on
Kimanthanka Arun Hydropower Project, publications, site specific data and information generated by other
agencies, relevant data and report generated by agencies like Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Mines
and Geology, Central Bureau of Statistics etc.
Available literature pertaining to the following areas will be collected and reviewed from various organizations:
4 Secondary available baseline (physical, biological, and socio-economic – cultural archaeological) of the
Project location, reservoir areas, including adjoining areas from different sources;

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4 Environmental guidelines and other publications on hydropower generation of Ministry of Energy (MoE),
Department of Electricity Development (DoED), and Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA);
4 Other environment related policy documents / legislations / directives / guidelines /
manuals etc. of cross-sectorial agencies (Roads, agriculture, Tourism, irrigation etc.)
4.2.1.2 LEGAL REVIEW

The legal review will focus on Government legal documents, special attention will be given to review of existing
laws and regulations of Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (MoSTE) and Department of
Electricity Development (DoED) in Nepal including other sectorial environmental legislation and regulations
including the standards, and guidelines of the bilateral and multi-lateral funding agencies.
4.2.1.3 MAKING A PLAN FOR PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT AT KIMATHANKA ARUN HYDROPOWER PROJECT
This task Objective involves:
4 Preparation of public information brochure (refer Box-1 for more information)

4 Regular interaction and consultation with stakeholders
4 Identification of stakeholders
4 Plan for scoping and interaction with the local and central stakeholders
Box-1: Details about Public Information Brochure

The Objective is to prepare information materials in a clear and concise manner in the Nepali language,
identify stakeholders at various levels and make a plan to communicate and to distribute information material
to the public. The information sheet will contain background of the Project, location, reservoir area, land use
information, and possible impact areas. The information sheet will also contain detail address of the proponent
and advice to the public to send their concerns, opinions and suggestions about the Project in the prescribed
time. The above brochures will be based on the information collected in the Task 1 and 2 of this stage. The
brochure so prepared will be discussed with the development committee and upon approval will be used for
dissemination at the community level using various communication Medias as applicable.
Concomitant to this activity, a plan will be prepared in consultation with DoED for initial public interaction through
scoping session, interaction programs, talk programs, etc. which will be announced to the stakeholder in
advance.
The Environmental engineer, Sociologist, Public Outreach Expert, Resettlement Expert in co-ordination of the
study team members will undertake the job. The deliverable of the task is the preparation of Public Information
Brochure for Dissemination and to Plan Initial Public Interaction with regard to the Project impacts and benefits
so as to get maximum Input from the Stakeholders to Flag the Environmental Issues for detailed study.
4.2.1.4 PUBLIC NOTICE AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION

The Objective of the task is preparation and publication of 15 days’ notice in the National Daily Newspaper both
in Nepali published by the then Ministry of Science, Technology, and Environment (MoSTE) or formats of DoED
Scoping Manual.
Environment and Social Safeguard team will prepare the notice in consultation and approval of DoED and give it
for publication in the National Daily Newspaper. The Deliverable of the task is to inform all the stakeholders on
the proposal and give time to give their reaction, comments and suggestion if any on the Project particularly
focusing to environmental and social issues.
4.2.1.5 WALKOVER SURVEY OF PROJECT AREAS AND KEY KIMATHANKA HYDROPOWER PROJECT STRUCTURE SITES
The Objective of the walkover survey is:
4 dissemination of information to the local potentially affected communities;

4 one to one interaction with the affected local stakeholders and understanding their issues;
4 Collection of first hand baseline information and verification of available baseline data and also to
identify areas of data gaps.
4 Posting of the public notice in the Project site, particularly the offices of the DDCs VDC(s), schools,
hospitals, health posts and other concerned agencies;

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4 To collect Muchulkas pertaining to the posting of the Public notice and distribution of
Public Information Brochure as a proof public information in the scoping Document
Environment expert, environment engineer, sociologist, botanist, aquatic life expert, wetland expert, zoologist,
public outreach expert, forest expert, land use planner, archaeologist will visit the Project for walkover survey.
The deliverable of the task is to provide more people an opportunity to know about the Project and raise
pertinent issues.
4.2.1.6 SCOPING WORKSHOPS FOR INFORMATION COLLECTION FROM STAKEHOLDERS

The Objective of the scoping workshops or Focused Group Discussions at the local and central level is to:
4 present the findings of literature review and field walkover survey on the various aspects of the
environment to the stakeholders affected by the Kimathanka Arun Hydropower Project;
4 gather additional information from the stakeholders on the environmental issues in reference to the
project;
4 gather and document stakeholders environmental concerns of the project that need serious
consideration for EIA including SIA;
4 prepare a reference material for the preparation of scoping document and TOR for EIA study.
Environment expert, resettlement expert, environment engineer, botanist, zoologist will accomplish the job as
per the agreed upon plan at the local and central level. Several interaction sessions will be planned at site in
consultation with DoED. The deliverables expected from the task is the feedback from the stakeholders on the
various environmental and social issues that need consideration in Environmental impacts and safeguard
studies of the project.
4.2.1.7 IDENTIFYING MAJOR ISSUES OF ENVIRONMENTAL, AND SOCIAL CONCERNS

The objective of the task is to screen the various potential environmental issues in the context of the available
information using various techniques particularly matrix and judgment of technical experts and experience in
other projects of similar nature and similar location
The environmental expert, sociologists, resettlement expert, forest expert, public outreach and other proposed
team members will accomplish the task. Depending upon the local conditions and the information available,
technical experts will devise and use matrix tools to screen out the potential environmental impacts (adverse or
beneficial) from the Projects based on the existing baseline conditions and experiences from other projects
implemented elsewhere implemented in similar geographical terrain. The deliverables expected from the task is
a list of potential environmental and social issues of the Projects development in the area.
4.2.1.8 EVALUATING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ISSUES ON THE BASIS OF AVAILABLE INFORMATION

The objective of the task is to assign significance to the issues identified by the common stakeholders and the
technical expert team, while doing so, the baseline conditions as well as the perception of the stakeholders will
be given due consideration. The task is essential to eliminate issues of insignificant considerations from those of
significant consideration in order to streamline and focus the Environmental Impact and Safeguard studies.
The proposed environmental and social experts, and the scoping workshop participants during scoping, based
on Delphi technique will assign the significance to the issues raised by stakeholders and identified by the
technical team. The expected Deliverable of the task is to list out the insignificant and irrelevant issues for further
considerations.
4.2.1.9 ESTABLISHING PRIORITIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT

The objective of the task is to prioritize the significant environmental issues for EIA and Social Impact
Assessment considerations and also to detail out the level of study requirements for the assessment of the
identified environmental issues.
 The proposed team of environmental and social experts will evaluate each of the identified significant
environmental issues for the purpose of prioritization for environmental and social considerations. The
issues will be prioritized in the context of the proposed project and its activities in different phases of
project construction and operation.
 The method for prioritization for EIA , and social impact consideration will be based on:

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 Prioritization by the stakeholders during the workshop discussion meetings
 Environmental standards
 Species Protection list
 Policy, law and guidelines
 Delphi technique etc.
 In doing so issues will be categorized into four broad categories such as physical, biological, socio-
economic and cultural issues.
 Within each category, the issues will be divided into two groups i.e. primary and secondary. The primary
issues are those issues whose understanding and assessment is essential to avoid or minimize the risk
of environmental impacts. The secondary issues are those issues whose implications are known or
understood to some extent but further information are required for the assessment to avoid or minimize
the environmental risk from the Project activities.
The task deliverables is the list of priority primary and secondary issues for the construction and operation
periods with justification for further environmental and social impact studies. The task also provide details of the
types of assessment and level of study to be conducted with regard to each of the issues prioritized as primary
and secondary in various environmental sector.
All this will culminate into preparation of the scoping document, the structure of which is described below. The
detailed timeline for undertaking these activities, including other tasks commensurate to the suggested approach
and methodology is presented in work schedule.
4.2.2 Preparation of Scoping Document (SD) and Subsequent Terms of Reference (ToR)
Preparing the Scoping Document (SD) and subsequent Terms of Reference (ToR) as per the Environment
Protection Act-2054 and Environment Protection Rules-2054. Before proceeding with the EIA, the ToR and
Scoping documents need to be approved by the Ministry of Science, Technology, and Environment (MoSTE) of
Government of Nepal (GoN).
4.2.2.1 SCOPING DOCUMENT

Based on the output from previous steps and written opinions, suggestions, consultants will prepare detailed
scoping report and suggested terms of references for onward submission to MoSTE for determination of scope
for EIA study as per Schedule 4 of EPR. As suggested the Scoping Document will comprise of Six Chapters and
Annexes including the provisions of DoED manual.
Suggested chapter and the broad content of a scoping study proposed for the Project is detailed below in Box-2.
Box-2: Chapters of scoping document (SD) for EIA (including SIA) study
Chapter Introduction, will present a brief background of the Project, introduce proponent, present
One: brief description of the Project, list and discuss briefly the relevant legislation, guidelines,
standards, and international convention that attracts the proposal, objective of scoping and
finally delineate the Project area.
Chapter Existing Environmental Condition will present the baseline environmental
Two: conditions of the Project, particularly focusing various aspects of physical,
biological, socio-economic and cultural environments.
Chapter Scoping Methodology will describe in brief the different methodological tools utilized such as
Three: literature review, public notice, walkover survey, scoping workshops, focus group
discussions and methods of issues identification and prioritization.
Chapter Issues Identified and Raised, will list with brief discussion the environmental issues raised at
Four: various platforms and forums by the stakeholders and those identified by the team of
experts.
Chapter Issues Prioritized for EIA Study, will present the list of issues prioritized by the team of
Five: expert with justification. It will also present a short account of the level of study requirements
for the full evaluation of the identified environmental issues. Prioritized issues will be
presented in five broad categories as suggested in TOR such as Physical, Biological, and
Socio-economic and Cultural.
Chapter Work Schedule for EIA Study, will present a Work Schedules for the study based on the list
Six: of issues prioritized and the level of study required.

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The Annex will include appropriate layout maps, Public Notice and Muchulkas, records of written suggestions by
stakeholders, documentation of issues raised by the stakeholders in various formal and informal forums, list of
the Study team Members, List of people contacted and discussed in the Scoping Process, outcomes of the
scoping workshop at regional and national level.
As demanded by ministry of energy and MoSTE, the document will be presented to the review committee on
behalf of DoED. Upon receipt of comment and suggestions, final Scoping document will be prepared and
presented to DoED for final approval from the MoSTE. The environment and social team from consultant site
and team leader will be responsible for the review presentation.
The Deliverable of the task will be to prepare and present an Interim scoping report for comments from DoED, to
prepare a draft final scoping document for review and approval from the concerned authorities and preparation
of final scoping document for final approval incorporating the comments and suggestion of Department of
Electricity Development (DOED), Ministry of Energy (MoE) and MoSTE.
4.2.2.2 TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR)

Primary reference document for the preparation of Terms of Reference for the EIA study will be the scoping
document. ToR preparation phase will start towards the end of the preparation of scoping document and will
take into account the schedule 4 of the EPR and DoED Manual for preparing ToR as reference for the ToR
format.
The objective of the ToR is to frame clear and concise guideline for the EIA Study. As stipulated in the schedule
4 of EPR and Manual for ToR preparation (DoED). The terms of references document will cover the following
sub task as detailed in Table 8.
Table 8: Proposed Chapters details for ToR

Chapter heads Chapter content
Proponent Name and The consultant’s team in consultation with DoED will detail out the name of
Address the contact person and address of DoED as per the stipulation of the schedule 4
of the EPR.
The expected deliverable of the task is to provide brief description of project
proponent with complete details of communication channel with details and the
brief details of consultant organization associated for the preparation of
EIA study and the experts involved in this study.
Project Introduction Based on the information gathered in the scoping document, concise information
on the Project, location and accessibility, design and layout, size and capacity,
land requirements, raw materials, construction activities, energy and power
source for construction, schedule, staffing, support facilities, labor requirements
and operation maintenance etc. will be salient features of the introduction.
Besides, it will broadly define the objective of the proposed EIA study.
Study environmental and social safeguard team in consultation with other
members of the expert team will prepare this section after discussion with the
DoED.
Data Requirements Based on the findings of scoping document, information requirements for the
and Collection description of physical, biological, socio-economic, cultural and management
Methods/ Techniques issues will be broadly specified. Methodological tools and techniques for the
collection of primary and secondary data will also be specified in order to take the
appropriate data for the EIA study. Besides, methods for the impact prediction,
assessment and evaluation will also be indicated. Guideline for the identification
and selection of appropriate mitigation measures and monitoring requirements
will also be provided.
The environmental and social safeguard team proposed by us will prepare
this section. Expected deliverables of the section is the concise guideline
framework for data collection and evaluation methods/techniques etc. for the
EIA study.
Guideline for the Pertinent policies, legislation, standards, EIA guidelines in reference to the
Review of Policy, study will be listed out for the purpose of the review and seek additional
Legislation and inputs for the purpose of smooth implementation of the Project in coordination
Standards/EIA with other agencies directly and indirectly involved for the Project activities.
Guidelines The environment and social safeguard team in consultation with the legal expert
will prepare the section and will be presented in the ToR upon discussion with the
DoED. The deliverable expected of the task is the guideline framework for the

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review of specific policy, legislation, standards/EIA Guidelines concerned to the
EIA study
Guideline for Report The objective of the task is to work out the time, budget and manpower
Preparation requirement for the EIA study. Based on the information of the scoping document
particularly on the scope of work, environment expert, sociologist, resettlement
expert, environmental and financial economist, environment engineer will workout
the required time, budget, and manpower for the completion of the EIA study.
This will be consulted with the DoED and presented in the ToR format as
stipulated in the schedule 4 of the EPR.
Approved Scope of EIA Based on the findings of scoping document particularly with regard to the data
Study gaps on various environmental aspects (physical, biological, socio-economic,
cultural) and potentially impacted environments due to proposal activities as
determined by the Environment and Social Team of Experts and the issues raised
by the stakeholders, scope of works will be defined by the team of experts in
consultation with the DoED. The scope of work will not only define the
geographical areas (such as direct influence zone and indirect influence zone)
but also issues and level of information sought.
Guideline for Based on the information of the scoping document and the available tools and
the methods of the environmental impacts identification, prediction and assessment
Environmental and of the significance of the impacts, the team of experts will frame a guideline
Social Safeguard methodological tools for the impact prediction, identification and assessment of
significance for the physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural
environments outlined in the scope of study.
Guideline for Based on the Project nature and information available on the Project design,
Alternative Analysis management, and geographical areas, methodological tools will be provided as
guideline for alternative analysis. The methodological guideline will focus on
comparative evaluation of alternatives based on the Project design, area/site/road
alignment, technology and construction method (procedure of operation), time
schedule, and raw material, environmental management system, acceptability of
risks (whether or not the risk resulting from the implementation of the proposal
can be accepted) and Other matters (issues of topical interest) in the EIA Report.
The Environment and Social Team of Experts in consultation with DoED will
prepare the guideline framework.
Guidelines for Based on the Project nature and information available on the Project design,
Mitigation Measures, management, and geographical areas, methodological tools will be provided as
Environmental and guideline for mitigation measures identification and selection. It will indicate to
Social Management document the environmental protection measures, both benefits augmentation
Plan and Auditing measures and adverse impact mitigation measures in the EIA (including SIA)
report. It will also indicate to categorize and describe the mitigation measures as
preventive, compensatory, Corrective/rehabilitative and benefit augmentation
measures wherever applicable. Methods of evaluation of
mitigation measures will also be provided. Methods for the presentation of
mitigation measures, as Environmental Mitigation Management Plan, Audit plan
will also be indicated. The Consultant’s Team of Expert in consultation with DoED
Project will prepare the guideline framework.
Based on the review of the cost benefit analysis of the similar project
elsewhere, a methodological guideline framework for the cost benefits
Guideline for the Cost analysis of the Project for construction, operational and maintenance stages will
and Benefit Analysis be provided. The Environmental and Financial Economist / Environment and
Social Experts will prepare this section after discussions with the DoED.
Guideline for Based on the available information of Scoping Document and the nature of the
Monitoring proposed project, a methodological guideline framework for the identification,
Requirements selection and preparation monitoring indicators in the different phases of project
development will be provided. This will broadly indicate the monitoring
frequencies for identified indicators, monitoring methods, responsible
monitoring agency, and cost of monitoring. A format of Environmental Monitoring
Management Plan will be indicated for the presentation. The team of experts in
consultation with DoED will prepare this section.
Guidelines for Relevant Based on the scoping document and the review of the schedule 4 of the EPR,
Information guideline for the incorporation of other relevant information such as cited
references, maps, designs, tables, chart, graphs, questionnaires, list of persons

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meet, documentation of public consultation and workshops, documentation of
other stakeholders consultations, recommendation letters of respective VDCs and
DDCs, Approved ToR, and scoping document etc. will be prepared. The Team of
Experts will prepare the guideline as per the requirement.
Guideline for EIA The report format will be based on the report format specified in the schedule 6 of
Report Format the EPR and as indicated in the ToR (section 6.5) incorporating the notes of
Manual for preparing ToR (DoED’01). The environmental social study team
members will prepare the report format in consultation with the DoED.
4.2.3 Collection of Environmental and Social Baseline Data

The objective is to undertake the base line survey in the entire project area. This will include, among others,
collecting and updating information on physical environment, biological environment ( flora, fauna) and socio-
economic environment ( residents, houses, infrastructures, culture and tradition, ethnic communities, water
quality, pattern of agriculture, economic activities, pattern of settlements ) etc.
4.2.3.1 BASELINE DATA COLLECTION

In principle the EIA along with social safeguard study stage will start with the approval of the scoping and ToR
document of the study proposal by the Ministry of Science, Technology, and Environment (MoSTE). However, to
save time and prepare the EIA report within the stipulated time, EIA (including SIA) field level studies will be
initiated soon after the submission of the scoping and ToR document to the approval agencies. Any additional
requirements of the approved ToR conditions will be covered after the approval of the ToR.
Though the scope and methods of study will be more precisely defined by the approved ToR of the Project in a
later phase, the major tasks and the methodologies that will be applied for the study have been identified based
on past experiences in similar projects.
4.2.3.2 FIELD SURVEY/DATA COLLECTION

The proposed Kimathanka Arun Hydropower Project will cover study area consisting of upstream catchment,
submergence area, reservoir (Earthen/Concrete), Power house, downstream of river, downstream of reservoir
Infrastructure/office/staff Quarters, and other ancillary facilities developed for operation and maintenance of
reservoir etc. and their adjoining area.
The objective of field survey and data collection is to verify the data collected from different sources and to fill
data gaps that helps prepare detail baseline and to objectively analyze and predict environmental impact on
issues that are likely to emerge due to the implementation of the project. The following key steps will be involved
at this stage (Box-3):
Box-3: Key steps for Baseline Data Collection

· Prior to the mobilization of EIA field team, the consultant will prepare detailed methodological tool for
the field investigations besides preparing checklists and questionnaires and get them approved by the
client.
· A field visit program for detailed field data collection for EIA on physical, biological and socio-economic
and cultural environment will be prepared.
· The EIA field team will consist of a multi-disciplinary team of experts under the leadership of the Team
Leader.
· As the EIA study is to cover environmental as well as social components, separate team of experts will
get involved for each component for field survey and data collection.
· The field data collection for the EIA will be scheduled in such ways, which enable coordination with the
representatives of various officials and the locals as well as various project components.
· The detail field data collection will be focused in areas identified in the ToR.
· The Environmental and Social teams will use different methods and tools to collect the baseline data
related to existing environmental conditions. Various data collection techniques will be applied in the
field depending on the conditions and scenarios at the sites. SMART (specific, measurable,
achievable, result oriented and time-framed) methods applicable to the given field conditions will be
used.
· Checklists, simple matrices, two way matrices and structured questionnaire will be developed to

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explore the objectives and scope of EIA. Besides, unstructured questionnaires will also be applied
depending upon the site condition and situation at the site.
· A pretest of the questionnaire survey will be conducted before conducting full scale field surveys.
The tools proposed to apply for the field data collection on different aspects of environment will be as follows:
4.2.3.3 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

Based on review of project reports, legal provisions and arrangements and other relevant reports and literature
of the study area conducted prior to the field survey, information on the physical environments such as
topography, geology, climate, land use, water and air quality, soil, noise and vibration will be taken and collated.
A walkover survey will be carried out to identify and to acquaint with the watershed, soils and geological
condition of the Project area. Since a separate group of environmental and social field teams are proposed to
involve complete the assignment within the prescribed time-frame three different teams will conduct the walkover
surveys independently. The stability of slopes, presence of landslides, deposits and rock-fall within the area of
proposed physical interventions will be evaluated mainly by observation and from topo-maps and aerial
photographs. The project site location, layout, land use pattern of the reservoir area and along the proposed
route of irrigation canal alignment etc. will be collected during the field survey.
Different methods and tools to be adopted and responsible personnel for the study on physical environment
aspects are depicted the in the Table 9.
Table 9: Study Methods and Responsibility, Physical Environmental Aspects

SN Sub-tasks Methods and Tools for Study Responsibility
1 Topography and Study of topographic maps and aerial photographs
watershed Direct observation, and assessments of unstable Environment expert,
zones, erosion prone areas, landslides etc. of the Watershed management
Project affected sites and watersheds and depiction of expert, soil scientist, land
features in the appropriate map for later GIS use and use planner
interpretation
2 Climate Collection and review of the time series data on climate Environment expert,
particularly on air temperature, rain fall, wind watershed
conditions, relative humidity etc. management expert
Assessment of data using applicable statistical tools to
develop detailed climatic information of the Project
3 Drainage Study of topographic maps and identification of Watershed management
Pattern and key drainage features Detailed survey of the key areas expert, soil scientist,
River for river morphology and drainages and depiction of environment engineer
Morphology features in the appropriate maps for GIS use
Preparation of cartographic maps representing drainage
features and river morphology
4 Hydrology and Collection and further review of hydrological and Environment expert,
sedimentation sediment logical data of the Project Environment engineer
Collection and further review of the time series data on
climate particularly on air temperature, rain fall, wind
conditions, relative humidity etc.
Analysis of flow pattern, flow series, wet season and dry
season flows and downstream flow using applicable
statistical tools under different project operation
scenario. Review of glacier lake outburst data and
related risks
5 Seismicity Collection and further review of geological maps Geologist,
for identification of active faults. Environment expert
Collection of aerial photographs and study for the
identification of active faults
Collection of historical records of earthquake, seismic
maps of Nepal and study the micro-seismic activities in
the area
Assessment of seismicity of the area based on the
above information using applicable statistical tools
6 Geology and Collection and further review of regional and local Soil scientist,
soil geological maps of the area and identify the geologically environment engineer
vulnerable areas for detailed field survey

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SN Sub-tasks Methods and Tools for Study Responsibility
Collection and review of hazard maps of the Project
area and identify the geologically hazardous areas
Detailed field survey of the critical and vulnerable slope
areas (direct observation, measurements and
documentations) Prepare geological maps, geological
hazard maps, and slope stability maps
7 Water and air Collect water samples from Immediate upstream and Environment expert,
Qualities and downstream of key diversion or dam structures and at environment engineer
noise various places of reservoir, and dewatering areas, and
environment analyze for pertinent water quality parameters for
physical, chemical and microbiological components.
Monitor air quality at least for key project activity sites,
site by using High/Low Volume air samples for TSP / PM
10. Also measure other criteria pollutants using passive
or active samplers of the key activity sites.
Monitor noise levels (dBA) for key project activity sites
for different time zone by using noise level meters.
Prepare a baseline data for water, air and noise level for
use in the impact assessment
8 Land use Delineate the direct impact zones in the topographic Land use
maps, aerial photographs and satellite images. planner,
Prepare maps delineating different land use categories environment engineer
of the direct impact zones (landscape may be included)
Filed survey and verification of the land use on the
above prepared maps
Finalize the land use maps for subsequent use in
assessment.
Table 10: Primary data to be collected in Physical Environment

No. of
S. N Environmental Attribute Frequency Remarks
Locations
Meteorology 1 Hourly for Site specific meteorological
Wind Speed 10 weeks data will be collected at a
Wind Direction centrally located point by
Installing continuous
Temperature
meteorological station.
Relative Humidity
Rainfall
Cloud Cover
Ambient Air Quality 8 24 hourly, twice Ambient Air Quality (AAQ)
PM10 and PM 2.5 a week for 10 monitoring will be carried out
weeks at locations upwind, downwind
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) and crosswind directions and
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) at project site (Reservoir,
Carbon monoxide (CO) Power house).
Hydrocarbons (HC as methane and non-
methane).
3. Surface and Groundwater Quality: 10 Two during the
pH, temperature, turbidity, total study
suspended solids, total dissolved solids, period Surface (upstream,
electrical conductivity, total hardness, reservoir and downstream +
total alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, main tributaries) and
nitrate,fluoride, sodium, potassium, salinity, ground water samples will be
total nitrogen, phosphate, total collected from the study area.
phosphorus, DO, BOD, COD, phenol,
heavy metals, Chlorophyll A, total coliform
and faecal coliform.
Soil Quality: 8 Once during the Soil samples will be
Particle size distribution, texture, % study period Collected from project site
moisture, alkalinity, acidity, specific gravity, and from surrounding areas
bulk density, porosity, infiltration within study area.
capacity, pH, electrical conductivity, (Submergence, reservoir,
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No. of
S. N Environmental Attribute Frequency Remarks
Locations
nitrogen, phosphorus, power house etc)
potassium (NPK), calcium, magnesium,
chloride, sulphate, carbonate, iron, copper,
zinc, boron, sodium, cation
exchange capacity, alkali metals, Sodium
Absorption Ratio(SAR), permeability,
water holding capacity.
4 Noise
. Levels 6 Once during the Noise levels will be
study period monitored on hourly basis
for 24 hours using
continuous noise monitoring
equipment. (Submergence,
reservoir, power house etc)
6. Traffic 2 Once during the Traffic movement will be
study period monitored on hourly basis for
24 hours (to and from
directions).
4.2.3.4 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

Terrestrial Environment: The vegetation survey will be carried out by walkover survey throughout the project.
Some of the key steps involved would be:
4 Type of vegetation and forest will be identified based on the species composition.
4 Forest sampling (random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling or selective sampling as
appropriate) will be done to collect quantitative baseline information on the forest structure, composition,
density and dominance. Canopy cover of tree species will be measured by visual observation.
4 The data from forest sampling will be quantitatively analyzed for frequency, density, basal area, relative
basal area, crown coverage, important value and estimated wood volume. Based on this information, the
loss of wood and volume will be calculated using Quarter Girth formula.
4 Biodiversity value will be estimated as low, moderate and high applying standard tools. Ethno-botanical
information will be obtained by conducting Rapid Rural Appraisal method. Wildlife survey will be carried
out by direct and indirect evidences for identification purpose.
4 For identification of birds the standard key developed by Fleming et. al., will be followed. Rare,
threatened and protected plants including medicinal plants and wildlife species will be grouped into
different categories and focus will be given for such species on the basis of their present and
distribution, their decline in numbers over the course of time, their abundance and their potential
biological value.
Aquatic Environment: Based on the information collected from published reports, research articles, information
available from public domains, through consultations etc. on aquatic flora and fauna a database of information
on aquatic environment will be developed. Zoologist/ Aquatic Life expert in association with environmental expert
will conduct the survey and collect the samples for identification and assessment of fish and other forms aquatic
lives, threatened and endangered species of aquatic flora and fauna etc. will be identified and listed. A detail fish
sampling will be performed in U/S dam and in dewatered zone. Different methods and tools to be adopted on
biological environmental aspects during the baseline study in Kimathanka Hydropower Project are depicted in
Table 11.
Table 11: Study Methods and Responsibility, Biological Environmental Aspects
Methods and Tools for No of Frequency and
SN Sub-tasks Responsibility
Study locations locations
1 Terrestrial Use aerial photographs and About 25 During Botanist/ Forest
Flora Study delineate the different quadrats (as summer and Expert
forest/vegetation types and status suitable Winter
and transfer it to depending Seasons at
topographic maps for field survey upon the Submergence,
Identify vegetation samplings
terrain of the Reservoir,
plots (20mx50m) in the
topographic plots for all forest area and as Power house,
types and status for direct impact recommended Office/Staff
zones and representative sites for by MoSTE) quarters,

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indirect impact zones. Transmission line,
Use quadrant method for the field
study for sampling plots in the
direct impact zones to record
biodiversity, status, wood volume,
etc.
Use transects methods for the
field study for the indirect impact
zones to record biodiversity,
status, wood volume, etc. Prepare
baseline of the terrestrial flora
with maps for direct and indirect
impact zones to show forest types
and distribution, plant
categories, status of endangered,
rare, threatened, vulnerable and
protected plant species, plant
biodiversity, lichen flora, biomass
volume etc.
Undertake the ecological survey
to assess the density, Diversity,
frequency, relative abundance
etc. Determine the list of
endangered species, wetlands,
sensitive habitats etc.
2 Terrestrial Collect and further review During Summer Zoologist
Fauna secondary literatures and and Winter
Study terrestrial fauna maps Identify Seasons at
typical and critical habitats for wild Submergence,
animals Field survey of the wildlife Reservoir, Power
in the direct impact zones
focusing on mammals, birds, house,
amphibians and reptiles through Office/Staff
direct observation of the habitat quarters,
sites, study of pug marks, faecal Transmission line
droppings, sound, and information and other
from the local communities infrastructure
Prepare baseline of the terrestrial development
fauna with maps in the direct and area.
indirect impact
zones for subsequent assessment
studies with the Project.
Assess path of migratory
birds, wildlife corridor etc, Assess
the endangered fauna present in
the Project impact area.
Identification of areas used by
protected, important or
sensitive species of fauna for
breeding, nesting, foraging,
resting, over wintering
migration.
3 Aquatic Life Collect and further review 8-10 locations Upstream Zoologist/ Aquatic
and Fish secondary information on aquatic (or as catchment, Life
Study plants, phytoplankton, recommended submergence, Expert
zooplankton, aquatic insects, and during reservoir, power
aquatic predators of fish. Scoping and
Field survey and study of riverine ToR approval house,
habitats such as run, riffles and stage) transmission,
pools, spawning grounds, feeding infrastructure
grounds etc. and prepare a development area

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habitat maps of the aquatic life etc.
Sampling of aquatic life (fish, During summer
zooplankton, phytoplankton and and winter
aquatic insects) using appropriate season.
implements and telemetry,
representing key seasons in the
locations: Immediate upstream
downstream of dam, reservoir
area, upstream reservoir, and
dewatered zones. Identification of
the fisherman population along
the impact zone Survey of the fish
stock and catch by the fisherman
in the impact zone.
Census survey of the Fisherman
households for their social and
economic status.
Prepare baseline data for riverine
habitat, fish population, spawning
grounds, migratory fish
species and migration
pattern, life stages of fish,
environmental flows for the
maintenance of habitat,
biodiversity and population,
fish catch and related
livelihoods of the fisherman.
Deliverable of the above field studies is the preparation of sound baseline database of the three components of
the proposals. The collected data will be compiled, collated and processed by using different computer software
packages, as appropriate, for the socio-economic and resettlement/rehabilitation assessment including
vulnerable community development plans in the subsequent tasks as per the requirement of environmental and
social assessments.
Few of the identified sources for collecting secondary data include the following:
4 Department of Hydrology and Metrology;

4 Department of Soil and Watershed Management;
4 Department of Forest and Department of Forest Research and Survey;
4 Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation;
4 Department of Archaeology;
4 Department of Botany;
4 Department of Agriculture;
4 Department of Health Services;
4 Department of Mines and Geology; and
4 Department of Women Development.
4 District forest office
4 District technical office
4 District land revenue office
4 District agriculture office
4.2.4 Detailed Stakeholder Consultations and Institutional Analysis
4.2.4.1 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION

Stakeholder engagement is the fundamental element of approach to EIA (including SIA) process. Certain
stakeholders are likely to be consulted in the course of the engagement process for the EIA, and have been
identified in the present proposal (see box below). However, this list is likely to be updated based on visit to the
field, and scoping study, and based on consultation in the field.

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Box-4: Key Stakeholders for Consultation
 Project Level staff;
 Project authority and its management;
 Concerned department/ division dealing with environment, wildlife, LA and R&R and community
engagement;
 Other external agencies contracted by the Project involved in managing environment and social
aspects of the Project;
 Village level committees and Local urban bodies;
 Enforcement agencies like environment, forest, wildlife etc ;
 The administration in charge of the Land Acquisition and R&R; and
 Line departments like land and revenue, forest, irrigation, , rural development, agriculture etc;
 Community level ;
 The project displaced community/ households;
 The project affected groups/households and community;
 Key informants like community and opinion leaders, school teachers, hospitals, local
representatives;
 Contractors and Laborers;
 NGOs and other civil society organizations;
 Any industries or industrial lobbies and their representatives;
 Local media and advocacy groups; and
 Any other stakeholder groups identified
The stakeholder consultation and analysis would follow the following approach:
Classification of the stakeholders into various groups, like external

and internal stakeholders which can further be classified as Project,
Government, Project affected population, NGOs, Media etc. (see the
box above)
We will develop a series of quantitative and qualitative instruments

aimed at different stakeholders, including the impacted communities,
to be able to elicit the right information within the limited time
available for the study. These could include structured and semi-
structured questionnaires, checklists, village consultation
formats, focused-group discussion checklists, observation
schedules etc;
Based on the consultations, a matrix will be developed based

on the power influence matrix or any such matrix as may
deem relevant in context to the project;
The stakeholders will be further mapped and analysed with

description, present status, expectations from the project, power to
influence, impact level from the project, and suggested
engagement strategy.
Throughout the study phase, consultant will ensure that all of its experts will consult project area people for
information collection as well as getting their views with regard to the Project implications on the resources
around them. Besides, the experts will be encouraged to give factual information on the Project to the people
and explain any queries with regard to the Project to enable the local people to make a knowledgeable view of
the Project and its implications.
Besides, the consultants would assess the needs of public consultations and meetings at different times and
places as stipulated in the ToR with a view to increase interactions among all parties concerned. Such
consultations and meetings would allow effective communications between project personnel and local people
and help promote effective understanding and minimize potential conflicts. The consultants would design such

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programs relating to consultations and meetings taking into account the subject matters, issues, timings,
duration, venues and participants. Such consultations and meetings would be designed for different stages
before and after construction. Resettlement expert, sociologist, public outreach expert including other members
of the team would conduct pre-informed public consultation and hearing and workshops. This will also build up
the ground for effective public hearing to be conducted at the end of the EIA study.
4.2.4.2 PRELIMINARY INSTITUTIONAL AND CAPACITY ANALYSIS

Under this task consultant will assess the capability of Project Implementation Authority particularly at local and
regional level which will feed in to the capacity building to be done later for the Project staff in course of
implementation of the recommendation coming out of the EIA study. Existing sectoral arrangement and
management systems, institutional strength etc. will also be assessed as a part of preliminary capacity
assessment.
4.2.5 Assessment of Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures (Environmental)

The consultant will conduct a detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of the anticipated changes to the
baseline to determine the direct, indirect, induced and cumulative impacts of the Project in construction,
operation and maintenance phases. These impacts may include, but not limited to, loss of habitat and
ecosystems, hydrological changes, loss of flora and fauna, impacts on wildlife, food supply chain and migration
patterns of wildlife, water quality, emission of greenhouse gases, erosion and sedimentation, loss of physical
and cultural resources, impacts associated with construction etc. The consultant will present the analysis and the
results in appropriate form. The Impact Assessment methodology is presented in the following Box (Box-5).
Box-5: Impact Assessment Methodology

The principal aim of this task will be to identify and assess potential impacts on various environmental
components due to the proposed Project with reference to their extent (spatial/geographical), duration (short
term or long term), magnitude (Low to high) and type (positive, negative) during design (preliminary survey and
investigation), construction and operation phases. The impacts will be identified and quantified for the intensity
using modeling and/or matrix techniques and evaluated as positive and negative impacts, short term and long
term impacts, direct and indirect impacts, major, medium, minor or insignificant impacts on the environment
and communities in the study area as per the following broad methodology. For impact prediction existing
baseline conditions will be evaluated in the proposed proposal scenario and without proposal scenario and
compared. Applicable extrapolative, normative, methods will be utilized for the prediction of impacts including
mathematical models, deterministic models, Stochastic models, statistical models and GIS.
For impact evaluation simple framework for impact prediction and evaluation as suggested by Nepal national
EIA guidelines (NPC, 1993) will be used. This framework is envisaged to categorically evaluate the impacts in
terms of Magnitude (high, moderate and low), Extent (regional, local or site specific), Duration (long term,
Medium term and short term) and Significance (by adding the score of Magnitude, Duration and Significance).
4.2.5.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

Based upon the available information on different physical environmental issues environmental assessment will
be carried out and impacts predicted in terms of magnitude, duration, extent and significance. Major physical
environmental issues that will be considered (but not limited to) are as follows:
4 Landscape disturbance, landslide, slope stability and mass wasting issues
4 Climate, hydrology, drainage and river morphology
4 Geology and soil erosion, sediment transport and sedimentation issues
4 Soil, Water, air quality and greenhouse gas emission potential
4 Earthquake, landslide etc.
4 Noise and vibration levels
4 Land use and land system
4 Construction materials
4 Quarry/burrow pits and spoil disposal
The consultant will also give due consideration to the following activities while predicting and evaluating the
impacts:
4 Cut and fill during construction of the proposed project components
4 Maintenance of top soil that may be disturbed and displaced due to cut and fill
4 Reinstatement of all infrastructures disturbed and other quarry and burrow pits used during the

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implementation
4 Re-vegetation of grass/shrubs/trees in order to maintain land stability
4 Maintain water quality during the construction period by properly disposing the waste materials in safe
areas and also properly disposing the residues, oil spoilage from vehicles and equipment etc.
4 Noise pollution that may create due to the construction activities.
4 Environmentally sensitive areas,
4 Quarry sites,
4 Environmental flows requirements
4 Disturbance to land use pattern, landform and drainage,
4 Enhancement of erosion of soil, embankments cutting, landslides, water logging, etc.
4 Construction risks such as explosion and hazardous spills, pollution of air, water, noise and vibration etc.
The environmental and social team of experts under the EIA (including SIA) team leader will be collectively
responsible for the above task. Identification of critical environmental areas and the measures to protect them
will be deduced from physical environment assessment on different parameters.
4.2.5.2 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

As of physical environment, information with regard to biological environmental issues as already identified will
be used for the prediction of biological impacts. This involves terrestrial and aquatic biology. The impact
assessment will be presented in terms of magnitude, extent, duration and significance of each of the issues
identified. Following biological issues will be covered (but not limited to) while identifying and predicting impacts:
4.2.5.3 TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY

Impacts of proposed reservoir and associated developments on
4 Loss of vegetation, forest and species
4 Effect to wildlife (particularly mammal, birds, and herpetofauna)
4 Effects and loss of the threat and endangered species, and critical ecosystem
4 Effects on migratory path of birds, animals
4 Effects on nesting, foraging, resting etc.
4 Effects on protected areas, wildlife sanctuaries etc.
4.2.5.4 AQUATIC ECOLOGY

4 Effects on Aquatic ecology emphasizing fish and its diversity
4 Effects of fish migration, spawning
4 Effects on endangered/threatened species of aquatic flora and fauna including fish, phytoplanktons, zoo
planktons, micro and macro invertebrates etc.
4 Effects on micro and macro invertebrates,
The prime responsibility of these tasks is of the wildlife expert, Zoologist, Aquatic Life Expert, Botanist, and
Forest Expert. From the assessment composition of fish in the river, migratory fish species, fish spawning,
seasonal and lateral migration of fishes, management system of fish population in the changing environment will
be deduced. Likewise composition and status of wildlife terrestrial fauna, identification of endangered fauna, and
effect of the dam, power house and irrigation canal will also be predicted. Composition and status of forest and
watershed in the area, impacts of the Project to these resources, identification of sensitive ecological zones and
endangered flora will be ascertained, which will help to propose mitigation measures in the subsequent task.
4.2.5.5 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

The principle objective of this task is to prepare a comprehensive mitigation and monitoring plan of the Projects
covering different components as proposed for design, construction and operation periods with details of specific
tasks, responsible implementing institutions, implementing schedules, resource allocations etc as DoED
Guideline.
The Mitigation Plan will comprise of two distinct components:

4 Benefit augmentation component; the benefit augmentation component will analyze the options available
for the augmentation of benefit and will prescribe measures to enhance the positive implications of the

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Project to maximize the benefit. Such measures could be simple management measures, public
participation measures, awareness measures, assistance to local governments and / other development
agencies or measures incurring small costs etc. as appropriate; and
4 Adverse impact mitigation component: The adverse impact mitigation component will analyze whether
the impact could be mitigated by preventive options, corrective options or compensatory options. Each of
the options will be compared such that a win situation could be developed on a least cost and most
pragmatic way. Only mitigation measures which avoid, or reduce or compensate the impacts with
minimum of cost involvement, and are most pragmatic will be prescribed for implementation.
Further, each of the benefit augmentation and /or adverse impact mitigation measures will be prescribed in time
line for pre-construction, construction, and operation period with details of responsible authority for
implementation and costs, if required for mitigation. (Box-6)
Box-6: Regarding Environmental Monitoring

Monitoring indicators will be identified to measure the performance or efficiency of mitigation or enhancement
actions. The identified monitoring indicators will be classified as baseline monitoring, impact monitoring,
compliance monitoring. Based on the pre-construction, construction and operation activities, the identified
monitoring indicators will be arranged into a Monitoring Plan according to timeline for pre-construction,
construction and operation phases and each of the monitoring indicators are then specified according to what,
where, when, how , who and the cost for the same.
4.2.6 Social Impact Assessment (SIA)

The consultant will conduct Social Impact Assessment (SIA) of the Project with reference to the following:
Identify permanent and temporary socioeconomic impacts arising from land acquisition, changes in land use,
and restrictions of access as a result of construction of the Project facilities, including measures to minimize the
number of affected land users within the river catchments including upstream and downstream areas. The
consultant will identify and evaluate social and economic impacts resulting from project implementation,
including but not limited to, the types of social impacts, the extent and severity of these impacts.
The social impact assessment will take into consideration the aspects related to construction areas; quarry
areas, spoil disposal areas construction camps, community resettlement areas, access roads, power
transmission line/corridors. Also the impacts both upstream and downstream will be taken into consideration.
Based on available information issues on socio-economic and cultural environment will be analyzed and impacts
will predicted in terms of their magnitude, extent, duration and significance. On the methodology aspect it will be
more or less similar to the impact assessment methodology suggested for environmental impacts (Refer to Box
detailing Impact assessment methodology).Major socio-economic and cultural issues to be considered, but will
not be limited to the following:
The sociologist, financial analyst/ environmental economist and other social safeguard support team will be
responsible for the identification and prediction of the socio-economic and cultural environmental impacts.
Mitigation measures for adverse social impacts will follow the same methodology as for addressing the adverse
environmental impacts. However, the same would be based on a dedicated qualitative consideration too.
4.2.7 Analysis of Alternatives & Cost and Benefit Analysis
4.2.7.1 COST AND BENEFIT ANALYSIS

The objective of the cost and benefit analysis (CBA) of the Project is to signal out whether the Project investment
is worth considering environmental and social parameters. For the purpose, accounting of all direct project costs
and benefits and indirect costs and benefits, to the extent possible will be made using economic and financial
analysis tools. The sector specialists (Financial Analyst, environmental and social expert) with the help of
engineers will perform the task during the course of study.
4.2.7.2 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

The analysis of alternatives in hydropower, irrigation and river valley projects is an important element of
environmental and social assessment. This analysis helps to arrive at socially and environmentally sensitive
design that attempts to minimize the negative social and environmental impacts while maximizing the benefits,
for which a project is undertaken, by considering the cost and benefits of each alternative. Accordingly, the
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consultant will consider what the alternatives are and obtain data on each to make the analysis. This will involve
generating such information as location, land requirements, need for ancillary facilities, construction schedule,
size of the workforce, institutional resources, and the cost of mitigation. “With project” scenario and “without
project” scenario will be assessed to determine the potential impact associated with the Project. This exercise
will include recommendations for any new alternatives.
Box-7: Social and environmental Criteria for Analysis of Alternatives
The social and environmental criteria for analysis of alternatives will be based on examining alternatives in
terms of:
· Minimum disturbance to ecology,
· Minimization of land acquisition.
· Institutional training and monitoring requirements
· Suitability under local conditions
· Capital and operating cost
· The extent of social impact
· The extent of environmental impact
4.2.8 Preparation of Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)

The consultant will prepare the following Environmental and Social Management Plans:
4 Prepare Environmental Management Plan (EMP) covering, but not limited to, the following:
4 Erosion and sedimentation control, spoil disposal and management, quarry management, water quality,
reservoir clearance, chemical and used oils and lubricant waste management, hazardous materials,
emission and dust control, noise control, physical cultural resources, vegetation clearing, landscaping
and re-vegetation, solid waste management, use of explosive materials, and any other construction
related issue.
4 The measures for management of social impacts will include, but not limited to, management required to
mitigate the impact due to change in land use patterns, employments, compensations, water quality,
seasonal flooding, soil degradation, and bank soil stability/erosion and land use changes, fire hazards,
river transportation, inundated forests, impediments to movements of animals, cattle, people, and
disruption of communication between communities, loss of land, land disputes, increased flooding, water
borne diseases, loss of social fabrics, negative impacts on fishing activities, inability to afford new
technologies and impact on ritual sites.
4 Management of operation related impacts which will include reservoir inundation, water quality, riparian
release and management of other identified impacts relevant to the operation and maintenance stages.
Based on the findings of EIA, comprehensive Environment and Social Management Plan (ESMP) will be
prepared. The ESMP will be covering some of the issues, but not limited to:
4 erosion and sedimentation control, spoil disposal and management, quarry management, water quality,
reservoir clearance, chemical and used oils and lubricant waste management, hazardous materials,
emission and dust control, noise control, physical cultural resources, vegetation clearing, landscaping
and re-vegetation, solid waste management, use of explosive materials, and any other construction
related issue.
4 The ESMP will also identify different stakeholders and will delineate roles and responsibilities with the
provision of budget and other resources required for the effective implementation of the plan.
The objective of the plan is to ensure that the mitigation, monitoring and environmental enhancement measures
are timely implemented and the degree, extent and magnitude of environmental impacts due to the Project
implementation are within the threshold limits, which do not cause to disturb the naturally balanced environment.
The prime responsibility of formulating the plan lies with the team leader. However, he will be assisted by other
sector specialists to formulate the plans.
The ESMP besides the generalized Mitigation Management Plan and Monitoring Management Plan, will
incorporate, Acquisition, Compensation, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Plan (RAP), Social Management Plan
(SMP), and other as appropriate and as per requirement with the consent from the client. Resettlement Action
Plan, has been identified as a separate task owing to the complexity of the task involved (kindly refer to the
respective task)

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4.2.8.1 ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT PLAN
With an aim to identify the degree of impacts, effectiveness and performance of mitigation measures applied on
physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural environment, the consultant will prepare an Environmental
Audit Plan for the proposals. Though audit is the responsibility of the MoSTE after two years of project
completion (refer EPR'97), there are no legal guidelines except DoED guidelines. Hence, the consultant
complying with the DOED guideline will prepare an audit plan incorporating auditing parameters/ indicators,
auditing methods, locations, and schedule and responsible authority/agency. Different sector specialists under
the guidance and supervision of the team leader will formulate such plan. The audit plan will basically:
4 Assess the pre-project baseline information in conjunction with the Project current baseline information
4 Assess predicted impacts in the EIA report for defined activity in the Project development in relation to
the actual impacts;
4 Assess provided mitigation measures in the EIA report to minimize the impacts of defined activity in the
Project cycle and their effectiveness;
4 Assess of implementation status of the mitigation measure in the Project cycle as specified in the EIA
report;
4 Assess the effectiveness of the monitoring works for the implementation of mitigation measures and to
evaluate the effectiveness of the mitigation measures;
4 Assess any corrective action suggested or undertaken to mitigate the impacts of the defined activity and
their effectiveness;
4 Assess compliance and non-compliance with the mitigation and monitoring provisions
4 Assess compliance and non-compliance with the national environmental standards in the Project
development and operational cycle and
4 Provide conclusion and recommendations from the experience learned to strengthen impact prediction
in future projects for the defined activities.
4.2.8.2 SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (SMP)

A Social Management Plan (SMP) would be developed for the development area by identifying key socio-
economic impact indicators in the area. The steps involved in developing these plans will involve:
4 Generally, the impact indicators are concerned to population growth due to immigration, pressure on
local resources (land, forest, drinking water etc.), health, hygiene and sanitation condition of the people,
education of children, marginalization effects on local poor, ethnic minorities and women, social and
cultural disintegration in the society, conflicts in the use and sharing of resources etc.
4 The magnitude of effects of each indicator will be assessed in order to examine the seriousness of the
problem to the affected population.
4 Based on the nature and extent of the effects, probable mitigation measures would be suggested. The
mitigation measures to minimize the adverse impacts include awareness development among local
communities, development of social infrastructures (schools, health facilities, drinking water), health,
hygiene and sanitation awareness program, skill development and income generation of local people,
particularly the ethnic minorities and women, development and promotion of alternative energy devices,
linkage development of local production and marketing, relocation, conservation or protection of sites
having religious, cultural and historical importance.
4 The social management plan will also assess the impacts related to following, and
depending upon the risk ranking, will include it in the management plan if required:
4 management required to mitigate the impact due to change in land use patterns, seasonal flooding, soil
degradation, and bank soil stability/erosion and land use changes, fire hazards, river transportation,
inundated forests, impediments to movements of animals, cattle, people, and disruption of
communication between communities, loss of land, land disputes, increased flooding, water borne
diseases, negative impacts on fishing activities.
4 Management of operation related impacts which will include reservoir inundation, water quality, riparian
release and management of other identified impacts relevant to the operation and maintenance stages
The sociologist, anthropologist, public outreach expert, public health expert will be responsible for the
preparation of SIA and subsequent Social Management Plan (SMP). The necessary budget to implement the
plan would be estimated based on the details of the programs and activities. A schedule of implementing these
plan measures, manpower requirements, lead agencies and collaborating organizations including NGOs will be
provided.
4.2.9 Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)

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Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) will be developed for the peoples who are directly affected by the proposed
project.
Preparation of the RAP will also take into consideration the best practices/ guidelines suggested by IFC & World
Bank, which in most of the cases are the international benchmarks. The host country guidelines will also be
taken into consideration.
The steps for the preparation of the RAP will primarily include the following:
4 The consultants, based on their baseline surveys, would first assess the level of impact related to land,
assets, livelihood, and vulnerability
4 Depending upon the loss assessment, the PAFs would be divided into various categories and
entitlement matrix would be prepared for the various categories of losses and
4 policies and package of resettlement and rehabilitation to the Project Affected Families (PAF) will be
recommended
4 Existing legal provisions will be reviewed thoroughly to make recommendations regarding resettlement,
compensation, and rehabilitation arrangements.
4 In addition, resettlement, compensation and rehabilitation measures undertaken in similar projects in the
past (such as Kali Gandaki 'A HEP, MMHEP, Chilime HEP, Kulekhani HEP), Upper Tamakoshi,
Rasuwagadhi and other will be examined to see practical relevance.
4 Livelihood restoration option for the PAPs/ PAFs with special emphasis on the vulnerable population
(including disabled, elderly etc.);
4 Stakeholder consultation and proposed grievance redress mechanism for PAFs.
4 Institutional mechanism for resettlement action plan implementation;
4 The consultants would identify suitable lands for relocation/resettlement according to the preference of
the people to be resettled. The potential sites will be visited and the host people will be consulted in this
context. The potential resettlers would also be involved in finding such areas. Detailed account of the
host population, ethnicity, their attitude towards the resettlers, the available resources, land prices, other
resources including forest, pastures, drinking water, schools, will be made to ensure that the relocation
of the people does not make any significant adverse impacts to both resettles and the host people;
4 Details of the budget provisions for the specific R&R action plan and specific timeline with designated
responsibility for the R&R plan implementation.
4 Only after a thorough understanding of the situation a comprehensive acquisition, compensation,
resettlement and rehabilitation plan will be developed for implementation.
A team of experts includes anthropologist, land use planner, GIS expert, Resettlement Expert, Sociologist, and
an Environmental Economist would accomplish this task. The necessary budget to implement the plan would be
estimated based on the details of the programs and activities. A schedule of implementing these plan measures,
manpower requirements, lead agencies and collaborating organizations including NGOs will be provided.
4.2.10 Capacity Building

Based on the institutional and capacity assessment conducted earlier, the capacity and the need assessment
will be completed keeping in mind the requirements for the EIA/SIA and RAP implementation. The sectoral
arrangement, management procedures and training, staffing budget and financial support to be required for
implementing the same will also be assessed keeping mind the existing institutional, physical and financial
health of the existing management system.
Institutional strengthening and monitoring framework will be suggested as required. The ESMP/RAP will identify
arrangement for co-ordination between various governmental departments that may help in strengthening the
capacity to implement environmental and resource management policies.
4.2.11 Public Hearing

As required by EPR and requirements also mentioned in ToR, after the completion of draft EIA (including SIA)
report, public hearing in project affected areas of the project will be planned to discuss on draft EIA report.
The outcomes of the public hearings, the feedback and suggestions of public on draft EIA report of the project
will be incorporated in final EIA report.
4.2.12 Finalization of the EIA

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Final EIA report and written recommendations/suggestions received from concerned VDC or any other
stakeholders will be submitted to DoED for onward submission to ministry level approval.
In the course of the study, the Consultant will prepare and submit the following reports and plans in a language
specified by the RFP document. The EIA reports will be prepared and submitted as per provisions made in
prevailing Environment Protection Act 2053 and Environment Protection Regulation, 2054. The Consultant will
submit these reports to the project in number of copies as specified in TOR:
Inception Report : 20 copies within 10 months
Draft Scoping Report and ToR : 20 copies within 10 months
Scoping Report and ToR : 20 copies within 12 months
Re-submission of Scoping Report and ToR : 20 copies within 14 months
Submission of approved Scoping Report and ToR : 20 copies within 18 months
Environmental Baseline Report : 20 copies within 20 months
Draft EIA Report : 20 copies within 24 months
EIA Report : 30 copies within 28 months
Approved EIA Report : 30 copies within 30 months
The Consultant will submit 2 copies of the electronic versions of the approved Scoping, Terms of Reference,
Environmental Baseline and EIA Reports in addition to the hard copies of the reports in requisite number as
mentioned above.
The Consultant will submit the Inception Report after completion of desk study, literature review and field
reconnaissance. Based on information collected, the project work plan will be updated and presented in the
Inception Report. The Environmental Baseline report will provide a description and presentation of
environmental and socio-economic Baseline conditions.
The Consultant will prepare a table of contents for the Environmental Impact Assessment report and submit it to
the Client for comments and approval. The Environmental Impact Assessment Report will clearly recommend
the measures required should the project be developed so that decision makers can use it as a document on
which to base their decision whether to proceed with the Project.
4.2.13 Capacity Building of DoED staff in Environmental/ Social Studies

Our philosophy is to work in close coordination and contact with the client. As envisaged in the RFP, we will
involve DoED staff from the very beginning of the environmental and social studies to transfer our international
knowledge and practices in conducting environmental and social studies. We learn from each other and best
practices will be applied. In the context of transferring the knowledge to our local counterparts, we use different
tools like workshop, seminars, trainings on using special equipment and techniques etc. These capacity
development measures will be developed in close consultation with DoED management.
4.2.14 Incorporation of Environmental and Social Aspects in Tender Documents

The consultant is well aware that most of the environmental and social aspects mentioned in the EIA documents
will be the responsibility of the construction contractor. So, all the environmental and social clauses including the
monitoring which directly falls in to the contractor’s part will be extracted from EIA and include in the tender
document as well. This will ensure the contractor’s compliance with environmental and social requirements in
later phases of the Project.
5. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR PROJECT EXECUTION
5.1 Institutional Arrangement for Project Execution

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Successful project development depends on support from all the stakeholders related to the project
implementation. To generate such environment, the Consultant will establish a strong management and
administrative support so that its personnel will perform their duties in efficient and timely manner. In this line,
the Consultant proposes a project management structure for the proposed assignment with a clear line of
command as well as the working relation between the stakeholders concerned, as illustrated below.
The executing agency of the project is DOED. The Project Manager of project will carry out coordination with
DOED, the Consultant, and other concerned stakeholders. The Consultant's Team Leader will be responsible for
the activities in connection with the consulting services for the project. He will manage and control overall
performance of the Consultant's personnel and will ensure close co-ordination with the Project Manager. Under
the direction of the Team Leader, the Consultant's personnel will carry out the various activities in their own
specialties, with due co-operation of the project staff.
In order to maintain the quality of to a specified level of standard as per specification, the Consultant will have
suitable organization wherein the concerned technical and administrative professionals of all the levels of the
respective organization i.e., Client, Consultant and Contractors, are suitably placed and responsibilities are firmly
defined so that all office and field works can be accomplished as scheduled without compromising in quality.
The organization structure is presented in Figure 23.

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Figure 23: Consultants Organization Chart

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5.2 Quality Assurance / Quality Control

The Consultants are used to maintain a high standard in the quality of their engineering services. The Consultant
provides services to and for the satisfaction of the Client. Consultant takes responsibility to ensure quality of the
project through the maintenance of quality activities throughout of the Project execution. "Quality" refers to the
ability of a process, to satisfy both stated and implied needs, which are defined by the Contractor. Quality
management techniques will ensure that the project deliverables and end results meet stated or implied
Customer's expectations. Continuous project monitoring and ongoing quality activities will be conducted to
prevent errors and misinterpretations. By appropriate selection of personnel and assigning responsibility for
quality supervision in its line organization, each of the Consultant partners has established a corresponding
reputation with among the related Customers.
The overall goal of the quality management is to ensure that all the activities which are necessary to design
services in an effective and efficient way. The four main components of the quality management are listed in the
following steps.
Quality Cycle
 Quality planning specifies the main attribute which should be the basis for the quality control (e.g. time,
budget, etc.).
 Quality control is performed to ensure that products or services are designed and produced to meet or
exceed customer requirements.
 Quality assurance is a more accurate standard for meeting customer requirements.
 Quality improvements are implemented by means of a continuous improvement process based upon the
appropriate application of concepts as ISO 9001:2008.
6. WORK PLAN
The work schedule, presented in Form 3H, has been prepared based on the instruction given in the RFP. The
proposed schedule presents logical sequence of tasks on which the inputs of the proposed professional staffs
are based, and their respective task responsibilities. In order to optimize use of the Consultant's inputs, the
reporting schedule is also shown in the work schedule.
7. STAFFING SCHEDULE
To execute the services in line with the proposed work schedule, the Consultant has proposed key professional
staffs to the project according to the staffing schedule shown in Form 3G, Manning Schedule. The allocated time
for each staff has been logically distributed as per the RfP document. However, the Consultant also presumes
that there might be changes on the schedule during the project execution. If such situation arises, the Consultant
will refine its staff schedule accordingly in consultation with the Project Manager. The schedule of the
professionals is so arranged that their assignment is not overlapped.
8. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER AND INSPECTION/SUPERVISION OF THE STUDY
8.1 Need Analysis

We believe that knowledge transfer is an important aspect of the assignment. The Consultant will involve local
consultants and DoED staffs with technical responsibility and the transfer of technology to strengthen
institutional capabilities of DoED. Through the knowledge transfer arrangement, we believe that both the
consultant will be benefitted through exchange of expertise and focused discussion on any pertinent issue. The
basis of Consultant's approach to transfer of knowledge is that skills and improvement in performance cannot be
attained only by formal education but must be acquired and developed in a practical working environment. This
means that, to be effective, transfer of knowledge must be introduced as part of the management structure and
developed as an integral part of the daily activities rather than a specific and separate function. Knowledge
transfer will primarily be achieved through field visit, on-the-job training as well as short term internal courses,
trainings on analysis, design and software, and presentations on relevant subjects to the study. While doing so,
the nominated DoED engineer will be involved with technical responsibility since the beginning of the project and
also during the various level of studies such as field investigation, data collection, analysis, reservoir simulation,
design and report preparation and so on.

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We understand that the transfer of knowledge in the present context is basically a three way process, between
the client, the Consultant and the Contractor. It is also clear from the data sheet that training is not the main
component of the present assignment. Hence the transfer of knowledge from one party to another by formal
training sessions is not envisaged. However, the most effective transfer of knowledge takes place on the basis of
personal or interpersonal dissemination. This aspect will be carefully considered during the project
implementation, whereby, the knowledge inherent in DoED staff can be transferred to Consultant and to the
Contractor's and vice versa for the benefit of all parties.
To be more specific, we purpose to create an environment conducive to the transfer of knowledge from one
party to another by working together as a team to achieve the specific goal of project completion within the
specific time, within resources allocated, and within the specified quality standard. The transfer of knowledge
from one party to another is likely to take place in the following fields.
DoED personnel may be more knowledgeable with regards to the strategic planning of the projects, the
requirements of the donor agencies, the budgetary provisions from the government, financial regulations etc.
apart from the regular engineering know how. Similarly the Consultants may have better knowledge of the latest
software available for engineering design and constructions management and their actual application in the
Construction. As an example, the Client will be able to formulate a better ToR for the consultants and the
Consultants will be able to prepare better documents in future. So, for the effective transfer of technology to
DoED personnel, nominated DoED engineers will be provided with trainings that include, but not limited to the
following:
4 Management techniques in large projects.

4 Layout optimization considering different aspects (topography, geology, hydrology, etc.)
4 Waterway structure design
4 Geotechnical Software
4 Environment study for Hydro power project
The number of participants in the training will be approximately 5 to 10 engineers as nominated by DoED.
Nominated DoED engineers will be provided with a daily allowance for the days present in the training as per the
rate decided with DoED. DoED will be informed a week prior to the start of every training. Training will be based
on the subject aforementioned as well as it will incorporate the problems and conditions encountered at the site
and the necessary solution envisaged and applied during study, analysis and design.
Together with above information, the consultant will prepare training need assessment report and submit to
the project for comments and approval. The proposed trainings presented in above section is indicative only, it
will be finalized with consultation of client.
The mechanism of transfer of knowledge is summarized in the following paragraphs based on limited scope of
the work:
8.2 Methods of Knowledge Transfer

Methods of transfer of knowledge can be as follows:
4 Collaborating together
4 Regular discussions on various aspects of project implementation
4 Regular discussions in the progress review and coordination meetings
4 Monitoring and evaluation of the construction activities
4 Site visits to interesting works sites
4 On-the-job training
8.3 Areas of Knowledge Transfer

The consulting service is basically divided under two sections, viz. Feasibility Study and EIA study. The
consultant will plan the areas of knowledge transfer under both these section. The proposed knowledge transfer
programs are enlisted below:
8.3.1 On-the-job-training

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Consultant will use software like AutoCAD, HEC-RAS, GIS and Phase 2 during feasibility study. The consultant
would like to involve DoED personnel during the design period, so that the technical expertise of the consultant
team is passed on to client as well.
8.3.2 Stakeholders Consultation

The consultant will work in close co-ordination and consolation with client’s officials. Each stage of works &
reports will be reviewed and presented with concerned officials and other stakeholders. Consultant team will co-
ordinate, consult and will receive comments & suggestion from the major stockholder. Basically for finalizing the
EIA modules series of meetings will be conducted where the experts from the client, consultant and environment
governing bodies will be conducted.
9. HANDOVER OF THE EQUIPMENT AND ARTICLES

All other logistic supports and facilities such as computers*, Laptops*, printers*, multifunctional Printers (print,
scan and copy)*, furniture, and office equipment will be procured by the consultant and the cost of such facilities
required by the consultant to carry out the assignment will be included in the consultant's proposal.
Additionally, the telemetric hydrological station will be handed to DoED in proper working condition after the
completion of study.
The consultant will submit the detail inventory & VAT bills of purchased equipment and articles for making
payment.
* Items to be purchased according to DoED specification and after the completion of the assignment, these
equipment and articles must be handed over to DoED. However among them, one laptop, two computers, one
multifunctional colour printer (print, scan and copy) and one wireless laser printer (A3 size printable) will be
handed in advance to DoED at the time of submission of inception report.

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Consulting Services: Feasibility and EIA Study of Kimathanka Arun Hydropower

3D Description of the Methodology and Work Plan

ITECO – AFC – TMS JV P a ge |1

4. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT................................45

5. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR PROJECT EXECUTION...................................................................66

9. HANDOVER OF THE EQUIPMENT AND ARTICLES.......................................................................................70

ITECO – AFC – TMS JV P a ge |2

ITECO – AFC – TMS JV P a ge |3

Acronyms and Abbreviations

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

ITECO – AFC – TMS JV P a ge |4

ITECO – AFC – TMS JV P a ge |5

3D DESCRIPTION OF THE METHODOLOGY AND WORK

1.1 National Scenario

1.1.1 Water Resources of Nepal

1.1.2 Power Demand and Supply

ITECO – AFC – TMS JV P a ge |1

Figure 1: Status of Existing and Under-construction Projects in Nepal (Source: NEA

1.1.3 Power Transmission System

ITECO – AFC – TMS JV P a ge |2

1.2 Institutional Set Up

1.2.1 Ministry of Energy

1.2.2 Department of Electricity Development

ITECO – AFC – TMS JV P a ge |3

Figure 2: New Organogram of DoED (Source: www.doed.gov.np)

1.2.3 Hydropower Development and the Private Sector

(Source: www.doed.gov.np /issued_licenses.php (updated Kartik 2073))

1.3 Project Appreciation

ITECO – AFC – TMS JV P a ge |4

ITECO – AFC – TMS JV P a ge |5

Fair Weather Road

Figure 3: Location Map of Project area

ITECO – AFC – TMS JV P a ge |6

1.4 The Consulting Services

1.4.1 The Consultant

1.4.2 Objectives of Consulting Services

1.4.3 Scope of Work

Table 3: Consolidated Objectives of Consulting Services and Scope of Work

 Project Feasibility Study

ITECO – AFC – TMS JV P a ge |7

 Hydrological, Sedimentological, GLOF Studies and

Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Study

ITECO – AFC – TMS JV P a ge |8

 Submission of approved Scoping Report and ToR (20 copies within 18

2.1 General Approach

2.2 Management Approach

ITECO – AFC – TMS JV P a ge |9

 Confirm project management structures.

RESOURCES AND FACILITIES

Work Plan and Schedule

Figure 4: General Approach of the Consultant

ITECO – AFC – TMS JV P a g e | 10

2.3 Innovative Thinking Approach

2.4 Risk Management

3. METHODOLOGY AND WORK PLAN FOR FEASIBILITY STUDY

ITECO – AFC – TMS JV P a g e | 11

Figure 5: Outline of Methodology

3.1 Phase 1: Inception Phase

3.1.1 Mobilization Activities

ITECO – AFC – TMS JV P a g e | 12

3.1.2 National Policy, Strategy, Manuals and Guidelines Review

3.1.2.1 HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT POLICY 2049 (1992)

3.1.2.2 HYDRO POWER DEVELOPMENT POLICY, 2001