CONTOH SOAL AKM (READING/ LITERACY)

I. TRUE FALSE

How Fish Breathe Underwater

Fish can breathe underwater by using their gills. By using gills, fish can get oxygen out of the water,
just like you get oxygen out of the air.

Gill Arches & Filaments

Fish gills look a little like a row of tiny hairbrushes with the bristles turned towards the outside of the
fish's body. The handle and back of the 'hairbrush' are the gill arches, which are stiff, boney supports.
All fish have at least three gill arches on each side, but some fish have up to seven. Attached to the
gill arches are gill filaments, which are like the bristles of the hairbrush. The filaments are bendable
and wave around in the water.

How Gills Work

When you breathe air into your lungs, tiny blood vessels in the lungs take up oxygen from the air and
send it to the rest of your body. Fish gills work the same way. The fish takes in water through its
mouth, just like you take in air through your mouth. The air passes over its gills, and blood vessels in
the gill arches and filaments take up the oxygen and send it to the rest of the fish's body. Then the
water passes out through the other side of the gills.

Availability of Oxygen

Fish actually have a tougher job breathing than you do in one way: there's less oxygen in water than
there is in the air. For example, if you used your lungs to breathe underwater, you'd have to take 7.5
breaths every single second just to get enough oxygen. That's impossible: try it for yourself and see.

True or False

1. Gills are flexible boney supports which is unlike a ‘hairbrush’.

2. Some fish possess less than three gill arches on the same side.
3. From the gill, the oxygen is taken up by the lungs to the fish’s body.
4. Fish experience more complex breathing compared to some other animals.

II. Essay
How Do Birds Navigate?
Migrating birds can cover thousands of miles in their annual travels, often traveling the same course
year after year with little deviation. First-year birds often make their very first migration on their own.
Somehow they can find their winter home despite never having seen it before, and return the
following spring to where they were born.

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The secrets of their amazing navigational skills aren’t fully understood, partly because birds
combine several different types of senses when they navigate. Birds can get compass information
from the sun, the stars, and by sensing the earth’s magnetic field. They also get information from the
position of the setting sun and from landmarks seen during the day. There’s even evidence that sense
of smell plays a role, at least for homing pigeons.

Some species, particularly waterfowl and cranes, follow preferred pathways on their annual
migrations. These pathways are often related to important stopover locations that provide food
supplies critical to the birds’ survival. Smaller birds tend to migrate in broad fronts across the
landscape. Recent studies using eBird data are revealing that many small birds take different routes in
spring and fall, to take advantage of seasonal patterns in weather and food.

1. Why do researchers find it complicated to comprehend the migration of certain species,

especially birds?
2. Some findings showed that birds fly in various directions. What aspects cause birds to choose
their directions?

III. Multiple Choices

Air Pollution

The world is filled with a variety of chemicals into the atmosphere when we burn the fossil fuels
we use every day. We breathe air to live and what we breathe has a direct impact on our health.
Breathing polluted air puts you at a higher risk for asthma and other respiratory diseases.
When exposed to ground ozone for 6 to 7 hours, scientific evidence show that healthy people’s lung
function decreased and they suffered from respiratory inflammation.
Air pollutants are mostly carcinogens and living in a polluted area can put people at risk of
Cancer. Coughing and wheezing are common symptoms observed on city folks. It damages the
immune system, endocrine and reproductive systems. High levels of particle pollution have been
associated with higher incidents of heart problems.
The burning of fossil fuels and the release of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are causing the
Earth to become warmer. The toxic chemicals released into the air settle into plants and water sources.
Animals eat the contaminated plants and drink the water. The poison then travels up the food chain –
to us.
Just like the air we breathe, water is vital to our survival. We need clean water to drink, to
irrigate our crops and the fish we eat live in the waters. We play in rivers, lakes and streams – we live
near bodies of water. It’s a precious resource that can easily be polluted and the contamination can be
transferred to us and affect our health.
Diseases such as amoebiasis, typhoid and hookworm are caused by polluted drinking water.
Water polluted by chemicals such as heavy metals, lead, pesticides and hydrocarbon can cause
hormonal and reproductive problems, damage to the nervous system, liver and kidney damage and

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cancer – to name a few. Being exposed to mercury causes Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s, heart
disease and death.
A polluted beach causes rashes, hepatitis, gastroenteritis, diarrhea, encephalitis, stomach aches
and vomiting. Water pollution affects marine life which is one of our food sources. Remember the
stories of contaminated shellfish and how those who ate them died?
Our world is represented by an ecosystem where the action of one has the potential to affect
the many. This can be a good or a bad thing, depending on what the action is. Our mistakes has
polluted the environment that we live in and we are waking up and owning to the fact. We are trying
to reverse the damage. The good news is that every positive action counts. The small effort you make
towards a greener environment can start a healing ripple effect. We may still save what is left of our
natural resources and make the world a better place to live in for our future generation.

1. What has the scientific proof informed us related to the effect of pollution?
a. The danger of suffering from asthma and digestive system
b. Threathening heart disease and kidney stone
c. The gaining lung function and digestive disorder
d. Suffering from respiratory problems and lung disorder
e. Easing asthma and better respiratory condition

2. Paragraph 2 mainly discusses....

a. The risks of living in urban area
b. The dangers given by the trashes
c. The treath only from air pollutants
d. The hazardous impacts of pollution
e. The bad impacts of particles

3. The toxic chemicals released into the air settle into plants and water sources.
Based on the underlined sentence above, we can also state that ...
a. Released into the air, the toxic chemicals are then attached to plants and water sources
b. Released into the air, plants and water sources will settle the toxic chemicals
c. The toxic chemicals are attached to plants and water sources which then release the air
d. The toxic chemicals release the air and it settles the plants and water sources
e. The toxic chemicals released into the air will attach the plants and water sources.

4. This can be a good or a bad thing, depending on what the action is.
The word “this’ refers to ...
a. The ecosystem representing our world
b. The ecosystem
c. The potential
d. The world representing the ecosystem
e. The action of affecting the many

5. The good news is that every positive action counts.

What is meant by the underlined statement in the last paragraph?
a. The small effort has very little benefit to reach the solution
b. Every action should be counted
c. The healing effect can be started by counting actions
d. The positive action counts the effects
e. All practical acts are required to do.

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